WO2012092852A1 - 辅助轮、无助力千斤顶以及开启和锁定辅助轮自锁装置的设备 - Google Patents

辅助轮、无助力千斤顶以及开启和锁定辅助轮自锁装置的设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012092852A1
WO2012092852A1 PCT/CN2012/070021 CN2012070021W WO2012092852A1 WO 2012092852 A1 WO2012092852 A1 WO 2012092852A1 CN 2012070021 W CN2012070021 W CN 2012070021W WO 2012092852 A1 WO2012092852 A1 WO 2012092852A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
locking
self
contact surface
auxiliary wheel
wheel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/070021
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周立新
Original Assignee
Zhou Lixin
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201110020106.4A external-priority patent/CN102582373B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201110143418.4A external-priority patent/CN102582378B/zh
Application filed by Zhou Lixin filed Critical Zhou Lixin
Priority to KR1020137020694A priority Critical patent/KR20130133831A/ko
Priority to EP12732438.2A priority patent/EP2662222A1/en
Priority to CA2824156A priority patent/CA2824156A1/en
Priority to US13/978,639 priority patent/US9404522B2/en
Priority to EA201390945A priority patent/EA201390945A1/ru
Publication of WO2012092852A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012092852A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B11/00Units comprising multiple wheels arranged side by side; Wheels having more than one rim or capable of carrying more than one tyre
    • B60B11/10Emergency wheels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B21/00Means for preventing relative axial movement of a pin, spigot, shaft or the like and a member surrounding it; Stud-and-socket releasable fastenings
    • F16B21/06Releasable fastening devices with snap-action
    • F16B21/07Releasable fastening devices with snap-action in which the socket has a resilient part
    • F16B21/073Releasable fastening devices with snap-action in which the socket has a resilient part the socket having a resilient part on its inside
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B27/00Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B31/00Hand tools for applying fasteners
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B15/00Wheels or wheel attachments designed for increasing traction
    • B60B15/26Auxiliary wheels or rings with traction-increasing surface attachable to the main wheel body
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B23/00Attaching rim to wheel body
    • B60B23/04Attaching rim to wheel body by bayonet joint, screw-thread, or like attachments
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B23/00Attaching rim to wheel body
    • B60B23/06Attaching rim to wheel body by screws, bolts, pins, or clips
    • B60B23/10Attaching rim to wheel body by screws, bolts, pins, or clips arranged axially
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B25/00Rims built-up of several main parts ; Locking means for the rim parts
    • B60B25/04Rims with dismountable flange rings, seat rings, or lock rings
    • B60B25/14Locking means for flange rings or seat rings
    • B60B25/20Arrangement of screws, bolts, or shouldered pins
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B29/00Apparatus or tools for mounting or dismounting wheels
    • B60B29/003Wrenches, e.g. of the ratchet type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60CVEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C17/00Tyres characterised by means enabling restricted operation in damaged or deflated condition; Accessories therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60CVEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C17/00Tyres characterised by means enabling restricted operation in damaged or deflated condition; Accessories therefor
    • B60C17/01Tyres characterised by means enabling restricted operation in damaged or deflated condition; Accessories therefor utilising additional inflatable supports which become load-supporting in emergency
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60SSERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S9/00Ground-engaging vehicle fittings for supporting, lifting, or manoeuvring the vehicle, wholly or in part, e.g. built-in jacks
    • B60S9/02Ground-engaging vehicle fittings for supporting, lifting, or manoeuvring the vehicle, wholly or in part, e.g. built-in jacks for only lifting or supporting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66FHOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F7/00Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts
    • B66F7/24Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts for raising or lowering vehicles by their own power
    • B66F7/243Ramps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L21/00Joints with sleeve or socket
    • F16L21/007Joints with sleeve or socket clamped by a wedging action
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L21/00Joints with sleeve or socket
    • F16L21/06Joints with sleeve or socket with a divided sleeve or ring clamping around the pipe-ends
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B2900/00Purpose of invention
    • B60B2900/70Adaptation for
    • B60B2900/731Use in cases of damage, failure or emergency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an auxiliary wheel and a boostless jack for mounting and dismounting the auxiliary wheel. Background technique
  • the vehicle may encounter various unexpected situations, such as the occurrence of airtightness of the tire, encounters, and severe weather such as water and snow.
  • the usual treatment methods include: replacing the faulty tire, using special tires or temporarily handling the tires in response to special weather.
  • a special tire can be used, which is internally provided with a support structure to ensure that the motor vehicle can safely travel for a distance after the puncture; for example, in a slippery section such as mud , tires with studs can be used; for example, in snow and ice, snow chains can be installed on the tires to improve the driving safety of the vehicle.
  • the present invention provides an auxiliary wheel and an installation for the auxiliary wheel and Disassembled helpless jack.
  • an auxiliary wheel comprising a hub and a tire, the auxiliary wheel being fixedly mounted on the wheel in such a manner as to have a common axis of rotation with the wheel of the motor vehicle.
  • the auxiliary wheel of the present invention includes one or more first locking assemblies on the hub for securing the auxiliary wheel to the wheel hub such that the auxiliary wheel is directly driven by the wheel hub.
  • the first locking assembly is for fixing the auxiliary wheel to the wheel hub through a through hole in the wheel hub; or the first locking assembly is for connecting with the second locking component located on the wheel hub, thereby
  • the auxiliary wheel is mounted to the wheel hub.
  • the first locking assembly comprises a stop device and a self-locking device having a continuous locking position, the self-locking device comprising:
  • the self-locking component has a second frictional contact surface and a third frictional contact surface, the self-locking member being disposed at least partially within the cavity such that the second frictional contact surface faces the first frictional contact surface and the third frictional contact surface faces the fourth frictional contact surface a first lock block and a second lock block, the first lock block is disposed between the first and second frictional contact faces and is in contact with the first and second frictional contact faces, and the second lock block is disposed at the third and fourth Frising contact surfaces and contacting the third and fourth friction contact surfaces; the first lock block and the second lock block are configured such that the self-locking member is movable relative to the base in the first direction, and in the first direction The opposite second direction is locked, so that the self-locking component can be locked in any continuous locking position, i
  • the movement of the self-locking member in the first direction causes the stop means to abut against the wheel hub, thereby clamping the wheel hub between the self-locking device and the stop device, and the locking of the self-locking member in the second direction is prevented
  • the stop device is loose from the wheel hub.
  • the angle between the first and second frictional contact faces is ⁇
  • the angle between the fourth and third frictional contact faces is ⁇ ′
  • the first lock block is opposite to the first and second frictional contact faces.
  • the friction angle is ⁇ 2, a second locking block relative to the third, fourth friction contact surface friction angle respectively, ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4, wherein, ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ 2 And ⁇ ' ⁇ 3+ ⁇ 4 ;
  • the self-locking device further includes a holding member for applying a force to the first and second lock blocks, so that the first lock block remains with the first and second when the self-locking member is locked in the locked position.
  • the frictional contact faces are in contact, and the second lock block remains in contact with the third and fourth frictional contact faces.
  • the retaining member includes a spring and a lock sleeve extending through the cavity, the self-locking member extending through the lock block sleeve, the side wall of the lock block sleeve having a first aperture adapted to receive the first lock block and receiving a second hole of the second lock block;
  • the spring is located in the cavity and applies an elastic force to the first lock block and the second lock block; or the spring is located outside the base and applies an elastic force to the lock block sleeve, and the end of the lock block sleeve has a flange, The spring is disposed between an outer surface of the base and a flange of the lock block sleeve.
  • a first locking assembly includes a stop device and a self-locking device having a continuous locking position, the self-locking device comprising: a base having a cavity, the sidewall of the cavity including a first friction a contact surface, and the base is fixed on the auxiliary wheel hub or integrally formed with the auxiliary wheel hub; the self-locking member has a second frictional contact surface, the self-locking member is disposed at least partially in the cavity, and the second frictional contact surface Facing the first frictional contact surface; the first lock block is disposed between the first and second frictional contact faces and is in contact with the first and second frictional contact faces; the first lock block is configured to be self-contained The lock member is movable relative to the base in a first direction and locked in a second direction opposite the first direction such that the self-locking member can be locked in any continuous locking position; the self-locking member is in the first direction The movement causes the stop device to abut against the wheel hub, thereby clamping the
  • the angle between the first and second frictional contact faces is less than or equal to the sum of the friction angles of the first lock block with respect to the first and second frictional contact faces, respectively; preferably, the first frictional contact face and the second The angle between the frictional contact faces is less than or equal to 17.
  • the self-locking device further includes a holding member for applying an elastic force to the first lock block such that the first lock block remains in contact with the first and second frictional contact faces when the self-locking member is locked in the locked position .
  • the base, the self-locking member and the lock block are made of steel.
  • the self-locking component is a plate wheel, the plate wheel is rotatably coupled to the base, and is rotatable in the first direction and the second direction; preferably, the plate wheel has a trigger along a radial direction thereof for rotating the plate wheel.
  • the stopping device comprises a link mechanism and a stop mechanism coupled to the link mechanism, wherein the link mechanism is configured to be coupled to the self-locking member through a through hole in the auxiliary wheel hub, such that the self-locking member is along
  • the movement in the first direction drives the stop mechanism against the side of the wheel hub that faces away from the auxiliary wheel.
  • the link mechanism and the stop mechanism are movably coupled or integrally formed, and/or the link mechanism is movably coupled or integrally formed with the self-locking member; preferably, when the link mechanism is movably coupled with the stop mechanism, the stop mechanism One end of the stop mechanism is rotatably coupled with respect to the auxiliary wheel hub, and the other end of the stop mechanism is for abutting against or disengaging the wheel hub under the driving of the link mechanism; more preferably, the stopping device further comprises a stop for the stop The mechanism applies an elastic force to automatically disengage the components of the wheel hub when it is not locked.
  • the first locking assembly further comprises an adapting module having a shape complementary to the through hole of the wheel hub and embedded in the through hole when the auxiliary wheel is fixed to the wheel hub.
  • one end of the stop mechanism is rotationally coupled to the adapter module, and the other end of the stop mechanism is adapted to abut against the wheel hub under the drive of the self-locking component.
  • the second locking component is a locking post; the first locking component is used to lock the locking post.
  • the lock cylinder has an annular lock groove; and the first lock assembly comprises: a lock block sleeve, a lock block, a self-locking cover, an elastic member and a gland, wherein the lock block sleeve is fixed on the auxiliary wheel hub or integrally formed therewith , the sleeve is sleeved on the lock post, and the side wall of the lock sleeve has a lock block hole corresponding to the number of lock blocks and corresponding to the position of the annular lock groove, and the lock block hole is used for inlaying a lock block, the self-locking cover is disposed around the lock block sleeve, and the contact surface facing the lock block is a tapered surface, the gland is fixedly disposed on the lock block sleeve, and the elastic member is configured to provide a taper surface of the self-locking cover The elastic force of the locking block embedded in the annular locking groove.
  • the contact surface of the lock block with the lock cylinder and the contact surface of the lock block with the self-locking cover are smaller than or equal to the friction of the contact surface of the lock block with respect to the lock post and the contact surface of the self-locking cover. Corner with.
  • the first locking component further comprises a cam lever, the cam lever has a handle at one end and a cam at the other end, the cam is hinged with the self-locking cover and is in contact with the gland, and the cam lever can be in the locked position and the disengaged position.
  • the cam lever has a handle at one end and a cam at the other end
  • the cam is hinged with the self-locking cover and is in contact with the gland, and the cam lever can be in the locked position and the disengaged position.
  • the taper surface of the self-locking cover presses the lock block and is embedded in the annular lock groove.
  • the cam lever is in the disengaged position, the self-locking cover is lifted to release the lock block.
  • the annular lock groove
  • the tire includes: a tire casing, and a stud fixed to the tire casing and protruding from an outer surface of the tire casing; preferably, the tire further includes a partition member disposed on the inner tube of the tire and Between the tires.
  • the tire further comprises a stud holder fixed in the tire casing, wherein the plurality of anti-slip nails are integrated on the substrate, the substrate has a through hole and is sleeved on the stud base and slidable relative to the stud base . Therefore, the anti-skid auxiliary wheel of the present invention is easy to manufacture, has a good anti-slip effect, and has little damage to the road surface.
  • a powerless jack for use in mounting the above-described auxiliary wheel, comprising a slewingly connected climbing block and a branch block, the climbing block and the supporting block having a common supporting bottom surface, and the climbing block has A slope for the auxiliary wheel to climb.
  • the locking assembly of the present invention is convenient to open and lock, has simple operation, and significantly improves efficiency. Moreover, the volume is smaller than the traditional spare tire, easy to carry, and easy for everyone to carry and install.
  • the jack of the invention has a simple structure, is convenient to carry, is easy to use, and has high adaptability.
  • FIG. 1A is a front elevational view of a wheel (eg, a conventional wheel) to which an auxiliary wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention is mounted, wherein the auxiliary wheel is fixedly mounted on a hub of the wheel through its hub;
  • a wheel eg, a conventional wheel
  • the auxiliary wheel is fixedly mounted on a hub of the wheel through its hub;
  • Figure 1B is a front elevational view, taken along line A-A, of the wheel of the auxiliary wheel according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of the hub of the wheel shown in Figure 2A;
  • 3A is a front view showing an example of an adapting module used in an auxiliary wheel according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 3B is a CC cross-sectional view of the adapting module shown in FIG. 3A;
  • Figure 3C is a rear elevational view of the adapter module of Figure 3A;
  • FIG. 4A is a self-locking schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a self-locking device in a locking assembly for an auxiliary wheel in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 4B is a perspective view of the force triangle involved in the self-locking principle of the first embodiment of the self-locking device according to the present invention.
  • 4C and 4D are for explaining the structure and self-locking principle of the second and third embodiments of the self-locking device in the locking assembly for the auxiliary wheel according to the present invention.
  • 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D are respectively a front view and a cross-sectional view of the A-A, B-B, and C-C of the second embodiment of the self-locking device of the locking assembly according to the present invention
  • 6A, 6B, and 6C are a front view, an A-A cross-sectional view, and a rear view, respectively, of an example of a locking assembly using a second embodiment of the self-locking device;
  • Figure 6D is a radial cross-sectional view of the auxiliary wheel and the wheel as a whole with the auxiliary wheel of the locking assembly shown in Figures 6A-6C secured to the wheel hub;
  • Figure 7 is an A-A cross-sectional view of the locking assembly similar to the locking assembly of Figures 6A-6C, employing different forms of stop mechanisms;
  • 8A, 8B, 8C and 8D are respectively a front view, a C-C, an A-A, a B-B sectional view of a third embodiment of the self-locking device of the locking assembly according to the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of a modification of the third embodiment of the self-locking device of the locking assembly according to the present invention, wherein the lock block has a pentahedron shape, which is different from the lock block in the third embodiment of the self-locking device;
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of a modification of the third embodiment of the self-locking device of the locking assembly according to the present invention, wherein the lock block is spherical, different from the lock block in the third embodiment of the self-locking device;
  • Figure 11A is a perspective view of a locking and unlocking tool (wrench) of a self-locking device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • 11B is a perspective view of a locking and unlocking tool (crowbar) of a self-locking device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11C is a perspective view of a locking and unlocking tool (crowbar) of a self-locking device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • 12A, 12B and 12C are respectively a lock cylinder fixed to the wheel hub and locked to the lock cylinder Main view, A-A cross-sectional view and BB cross-sectional view of the example of the locking component;
  • 13A, 13B, and 13C are respectively a perspective view, a top view, and an A-A cross-sectional view of the unassisted jack according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 14A is a radial cross-sectional view of a non-slip assist wheel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 14B is a radial cross-sectional view of a non-slip assisting wheel in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14C is a perspective view of the stud pin used in the anti-skid assisting wheel shown in Figure 14B. detailed description
  • the auxiliary wheels are fixedly mounted on the wheels in such a manner as to have a common axis of rotation with the wheels of the vehicle, typically mounted on the outside of the wheels.
  • the auxiliary wheel can be mounted and/or attached to the wheel via the hub and/or axle of the wheel, which can be used for a variety of purposes, such as slip, explosion proof tires, replacement of failed conventional tires, and the like.
  • the invention is applicable to a variety of existing wheels.
  • auxiliary wheel When the auxiliary wheel is mounted on the wheel through the axle of the wheel, one or more screws in the existing screw for fixing the wheel can be passed through the preset screw hole on the auxiliary wheel, and then tightened to the wheel. There is a screw hole, so that the auxiliary wheel is fixed on the wheel, and details are not described herein again.
  • the manner in which the auxiliary wheels are fixed by the hub of the wheel is mainly explained below.
  • the direction of the axis of rotation of the wheel axle is defined as “axial”
  • the direction of the wheel diameter is defined as “radial”
  • the plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the wheel diameter is defined as “radial plane”.
  • Inside the wheel is defined as: the side closer to the axle based on the radial face of the wheel
  • the term “outside of the wheel” is defined as: the side away from the axle of the vehicle, based on the radial face of the wheel
  • “Wheel” refers to a wheel that a motor vehicle has for normal driving, and is connected to a wheel axle, hereinafter also referred to as a wheel.
  • auxiliary wheel refers to a wheel that can be additionally fixed to a conventional wheel of a motor vehicle.
  • the wheel that is, the wheel of the invention can function as a spare tire function, an anti-slip function or other function; in the case of no conflict, the technical features of the auxiliary wheel can also be directly applied to a conventional wheel, such as the stud of the present invention. It can be applied to conventional wheels to form wheels with anti-slip function.
  • the term “coupling channel” refers to the fixed connection on the hub of the wheel.
  • the through-hole-assisted wheel, the weight reduction holes may be a conventional wheel hub, or may be in a conventional wheel hub made on a special through-hole or other through-holes.
  • FIG. 1A, IB are wheel views in which an auxiliary wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention is mounted.
  • the wheel 2 includes a hub 12 and a tire 14.
  • the auxiliary wheel 1 comprises a hub 11 and a tire 13 (see Fig. 1B), and one or more locking assemblies 6 fixed to the hub 11, the locking assembly 6 for fixing the auxiliary wheel 1 to the hub of the vehicle wheel That is, it is fixed to the hub 12 of the wheel 2 shown in the figure such that the auxiliary wheel 1 is directly driven by the hub 12 of the wheel 2 instead of being directly driven by the axle.
  • the lock is not shown in Figs. 1A and 1B.
  • the specific configuration of the solid component 6 is shown only in squares.
  • the function of the auxiliary wheel 1. Usually, the auxiliary wheel 1 is mounted outside the hub 12 of the wheel 2.
  • the locking assembly 6 can be mounted on the through hole 16 of the hub 12 of the wheel 2 to fix the auxiliary wheel 1; or, the locking assembly 6 cooperates with another locking assembly on the hub 12 of the wheel 2 to fix the auxiliary wheel 1 .
  • the locking assembly of the present invention is simple to manufacture, low in cost, safe to use, convenient, and quick, and is described in detail below.
  • Fig. 2A is a front elevational view of a hub for explaining an exemplary wheel of an auxiliary wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2B is a cross-sectional view (i.e., a radial cross-sectional view) of the wheel hub.
  • a through hole e.g., a lightening hole
  • the through hole 16 has side walls 16A, 16B, 16C, and 16D that are complementarily mated with the mating modules specifically described below for attaching the appropriate modules.
  • the wheel hub 12 also has an inner side wall 16E against which the stop mechanism specifically described below abuts.
  • the locking assembly 6 of the auxiliary wheel of the present invention preferably also has an adapting module 8 that complements the shape of the through hole 16 (see Figs. 3A-3C). ).
  • the adapter module 8 is inserted into the through hole 16 in the wheel hub 12, and the side surfaces 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D of the adapter module 8 and the side surface 16A of the through hole 16 are fitted. -16D fit, which is beneficial to the stable fit and positioning of the auxiliary wheel and the wheel hub.
  • the adapter module 8 When the wheel 2 and the auxiliary wheel 1 are in a locked state with each other, the adapter module 8 is located in the through hole 16 of the wheel hub 12 of the wheel 2, and when the wheel 2 is rotated, passes through the side walls 16C, 16D of the through hole 16 and the adapter module 8
  • the upper side surfaces 8C, 8D cooperate to realize the torque transmission between the wheel 2 and the auxiliary wheel 1; the side walls 16A, 16B of the through hole 6 cooperate with the outer side faces 8A, 8B of the adapter module 8 to realize the wheel 2 and Concentric positioning of the auxiliary wheel 1.
  • 3A-3C show only one exemplary structure of an adaptation module used in an auxiliary wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that in order to accommodate the various shapes of through holes 16 in the wheel hub of the motor vehicle, the adapter module 8 may have a corresponding shape that matches the through hole 16 such that it can be inserted into the through hole 16 and with the through hole 16 Closely fit.
  • the adapter module 8 has a positioning structure 8G for cooperating with the positioning structure on the auxiliary wheel hub 11 to achieve accurate positioning of the adapter module 8 on the auxiliary wheel hub 11.
  • the adapter module 8 can also not accurately set the bit structure 8G, but rely on the screw hole 8F and the auxiliary wheel hub 11 to achieve accurate positioning.
  • the adapter module 8 can be attached to the auxiliary wheel hub 11 by a variety of known means, including screwing, riveting, snapping, bonding, and the like. Further, the adapter module 8 and the auxiliary wheel hub 11 may be integrally formed.
  • the locking assembly 6 includes a self-locking device having a continuous locking position.
  • the self-locking device comprises a base 101 having a cavity, a self-locking member 102 at least partially located in the cavity, and a lock block 103, wherein The side wall of the cavity includes a first frictional contact surface (i.e., a lock surface) W, and the self-locking member 102 has a second frictional contact surface M that faces the frictional contact surface W and is at an angle a to the frictional contact surface W. .
  • the lock block 103 is disposed between the friction contact surface W and the friction contact surface ⁇ and is in contact with the friction contact surface W and the cymbal, and the lock block 103 may have different shapes as needed, for example, may be spherical, cylindrical, polyhedral, etc. .
  • the locking assembly 6 may further include a retaining member (not shown in FIG. 4A), which may be a spring having one end fixed to the base 101 and the other end facing the lock block 103 along the apex of the alpha angle The direction of the application exerts an elastic preload.
  • the self-locking member 102 can be in contact with the base, but the contact surface is a smooth contact surface or a substantially smooth contact surface.
  • the self-locking of the self-locking member 102 can be achieved by the contact friction of the locking block 103 with the two frictional contact faces W, ⁇ in the base cavity.
  • the base is movable relative to the base in a first direction F1 and locked in a second direction F2 opposite the first direction such that the self-locking member 102 can be locked in any continuous locked position.
  • the first direction F1 is roughly the direction indicated by the apex of the ⁇ angle.
  • the lock block 103 When a force is applied to the lock block 103 in a direction opposite to the direction indicated by the vertex of the a corner (in the presence of the retaining member, the force of the retaining member against the lock block 103 is overcome), the lock block 103 is at least When the frictional contact faces W, M are disengaged, the locking of the lock block 103 is released, and the locking of the self-locking member 102 is released, at which time the self-locking member 102 is movable in the second direction F2. Therefore, the self-locking member 102 can be kept locked in the second direction F2 as long as the lock block remains in contact with the frictional contact faces W, M without being loosened.
  • the first frictional contact surface W is produced for the lock block 103.
  • the force is R 13
  • the force generated by the second frictional contact surface M on the lock block 103 is R 23
  • the spring force of the spring to the lock block 102 is P
  • the angle between the P and the second friction contact surface M is ⁇
  • is The angle between the first frictional contact surface W and the second frictional contact surface
  • ⁇ and ⁇ 2 are the friction angles of the lock block 103 with respect to the first frictional contact surface W and the second frictional contact surface , respectively,
  • the lock block 103 is relative to the first friction contact surface W and the second friction
  • the friction coefficient of the contact surface ⁇ may be the same or different, and therefore, 1 may be the same or different.
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 represent normals.
  • the self-locking condition is determined according to the condition that the resistance at the reverse stroke is less than or equal to zero.
  • the angle [alpha] is less than or equal to the locking block 103 with respect to the first and second frictional contact surface W frictional contact surface of the friction angle ⁇ ⁇ and ⁇ 2, i.e. ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ 2, self-locking member 102 It is movable relative to the base 101 in the first direction F1 and locked in the second direction F2 opposite the first direction, so that the self-locking member can be locked in any of the continuous locking positions.
  • each component of the self-locking device can be made of different materials (such as metal, plastic, ceramics, etc.) as needed, and the materials between the components can be different, and even each component can be made of different materials. .
  • a plurality of self-locking devices that are coupled to each other may be provided on the desired device.
  • two self-locking devices that are coupled to each other are symmetrically disposed.
  • Figures 4C, 4D are used to illustrate the self-locking assembly for an auxiliary wheel in accordance with the present invention.
  • the second and third embodiments of the self-locking device are a combination of the first embodiment of the two self-locking devices.
  • the self-locking device of the present embodiment includes a base 111 having a cavity, a self-locking member 112 at least partially located in the cavity, and a first lock block 113 and a second lock block 113a, wherein the cavity
  • the side wall includes first and fourth frictional contact surfaces 111W, 111M
  • the self-locking member 112 has second and third frictional contact surfaces 112M, 112W, and the first frictional contact surface 111W faces the second frictional contact surface 112M at an angle thereto ⁇ , the fourth frictional contact surface 111M faces the third frictional contact surface 112W and forms an angle ⁇ ' therewith.
  • the first lock block 113 is disposed between and in contact with the first and second frictional contact faces; the second lock block 113a is disposed between and in contact with the third and fourth frictional contact faces.
  • the self-locking device of the present embodiment may also include a holding member that applies elasticity to the first and second lock blocks 113 and 113a in the directions indicated by the angles ⁇ and ⁇ ', respectively. Preload.
  • the self-locking member 112 can be made movable in the first direction F1 with respect to the base 111, and locked in the second direction F2 opposite to the first direction, Thereby the self-locking component can be locked in any continuous locking position.
  • the angle between the second and third frictional contact surfaces 112M, 112W is ⁇ , the angle ec i+c z+i s+c of the first frictional contact surface 111 W and the fourth frictional contact surface 111M A+Y n
  • the above-mentioned angle of the base cavity can be designed, and under the action of the lock block, the self-locking member can be locked in any continuous locking position.
  • the locking assembly provided on the auxiliary wheel hub can include a self-locking device having a continuous locking position as shown in Figures 5A-5D and a stop device associated with the self-locking device.
  • the embodiment of the self-locking device includes a base 121, a self-locking member 122, and two lock blocks 123, 123a.
  • the self-locking device may further comprise a retaining member (which includes, for example, a spring 124).
  • the base 121 is fixed to the hub of the auxiliary wheel or integrally formed with the auxiliary wheel hub.
  • the base 121 has a cavity, and the side wall of the cavity includes two frictional contact faces 121W, 121M (corresponding to the first and fourth frictional contact faces 111 W, 111M in FIG.
  • the self-locking member 122 also includes Two frictional contact faces 122M, 122W (corresponding to the second and third frictional contact faces 112M in Figure 4C, 112W), and the self-locking member 122 is disposed at least partially within the cavity of the base 121 such that the frictional contact faces 122M, 122W of the self-locking member 122 face the frictional contact faces 121 W, 121M of the base 121, respectively.
  • the self-locking member 122 is coupled to the base 121 and rotatable relative to the base 121, for example, the self-locking member 122 is hinged to the base 121 by a pin 126.
  • the base 121 has both the function of fixing other components and/or the function of fixing itself.
  • the self-locking member 122 rotates relative to the base 121, the frictional contact surfaces 122M, 122W are moved relative to the frictional contact surfaces 121W, 121M, respectively.
  • the self-locking member 122 is a plate wheel that is rotatably coupled to the base 121, such as by pins 126 that are substantially perpendicular to the two sides of the plate wheel, the frictional contact faces 122M, 122W being located on both sides of the plate wheel on.
  • the base 121 also houses two lock blocks 123, 123a.
  • the lock block 123 is disposed between the friction contact surface 121 W and the friction contact surface 122M and is in contact with the two friction contact surfaces 121W and the friction contact surface 122M
  • the lock block 123a is disposed between the friction contact surface 121M and the friction contact surface 122W and
  • the two frictional contact faces 121M and the frictional contact faces 122W are in contact with each other.
  • the self-locking device including the frictional contact faces 121W, 122M, 121M, 122W and the lock blocks 123, 123a corresponds to the self-locking device as shown in FIG.
  • the lock blocks 123, 123a are configured such that the self-locking member 122 is opposed
  • the base 121 is movable in the first direction F1 and is locked in the second direction F2 opposite the first direction F1, so that the self-locking member 122 can be locked in any continuous locking position.
  • the lock blocks 123, 123a can be disengaged from the corresponding frictional contact faces, so that the self-locking member 122 can be moved in the second direction F2 to unlock the self-locking member.
  • the friction contact surfaces 121W and 122M form an angle smaller than or equal to the sum of the friction angles of the lock blocks 123 with respect to the friction contact surfaces 121W and 122M, respectively, and the friction contact surfaces 121M and 122W form an angle smaller than or equal to the lock block 123a respectively.
  • the inner friction contact faces 121 W, 121M of the susceptor 121 and the frictional contact faces 122M, 122W of the self-locking members 122 may be annular with the pin 126 as a center.
  • the frictional contact surface may be a planar shape or other shape that matches the shape of the lock block.
  • the frictional contact surface has a shape such that the lock blocks 123, 123a can respectively be rolled or slid between the two frictional contact faces and contact as much as possible with the frictional contact faces.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the frictional contact faces 121 W, 122M and the cross-sectional shape of the frictional contact faces 122 W, 121M are substantially complementary to the outer shapes of the lock blocks 123, 123a, respectively, to increase the contact of the lock blocks 123, 123a with the frictional contact faces.
  • the lock block may be spherical and the friction contact surface may be grooved.
  • the base 121 can be fixedly coupled to the auxiliary wheel hub 11 through its screw hole 121C.
  • the frictional contact faces on both sides of the self-locking member 122 have the opening groove 122B, so that the self-locking component 122 is often in the open position before use, which can improve the installation efficiency.
  • the self-locking device may further include a spring seat 125, a spring 124, and a spring seat set screw 128.
  • the spring seat 125 and the spring 124 are used to apply an elastic preload to the lock blocks 123, 123a.
  • the fixing of the spring seat 125 and the base 121 may be a screw fixing by the spring seat fixing screw 128, or the spring seat 125 may be deformed by a pressing to fix or buckle.
  • the spring seat 125 can also be formed integrally with the base 121, in which case the screw 128 is not required.
  • the self-locking device may also include a nut 127 for securing the pin 126 for use as a rotating shaft of the self-locking member 122.
  • the locking assembly can also include a stop device (described in detail below).
  • the self-locking member 122 is a plate wheel, and the rim of the plate wheel is provided with a coupling end 122D for coupling with the stopper.
  • the plate wheel has a trigger 122C in its radial direction for applying a force thereto to rotate the plate wheel.
  • the locking assembly includes a self-locking device secured to the auxiliary wheel hub 11 and a stop device secured to the adapter module 8.
  • the stop device includes a link mechanism 120 and a stop mechanism 110 movably coupled to the link mechanism 120.
  • One end portion 110B of the stop mechanism 110 is rotatably coupled to the adapter module 8 and opposite the end portion 110B. The other end is for abutment against the inside of the wheel hub.
  • the link mechanism 120 is configured to be movably coupled to the connecting rod end 122D of the self-locking member 122 through a through hole in the auxiliary wheel hub, such that movement of the self-locking member 122 in the first direction F1 in the locking assembly can cause the stop
  • the blocking mechanism 110 abuts against the wheel hub (eg, against the inside of the wheel hub, ie, the side facing away from the auxiliary wheel, such as the inner side wall 16E of the wheel hub), thereby clamping the wheel hub to the self-locking device and the stop device
  • the lock between the self-locking member 122 in the second direction F2 prevents the stop mechanism from being released from the wheel hub, thereby locking the auxiliary wheel with the locking and opening of the stop mechanism 110. Loosen on the wheel hub and with the wheel hub.
  • the adapter module 8 may be fixed to the inside of the auxiliary wheel hub 11, or may be integrally formed with the auxiliary wheel hub 11.
  • the stop device further comprises a stop mechanism mount 130 (see FIG. 6B) provided in the recess 8H of the adapter module 8 (see FIG. 3C), which can be fixedly mounted on the adapter module 8 by means of a set screw 128. .
  • the stopper mechanism 110 is hinged to the stopper mechanism holder 130 by the stopper mechanism pin 126B. As shown in Fig. 6B, the portion of the stopper mechanism 110 coupled to the end portion 120A of the link mechanism 120 is the coupling portion 110A.
  • the stop mechanism mount 130 can be made in one piece with the adapter module 8. It is also possible not to provide a stop mechanism mount 130, in which case the stop mechanism 110 is directly hinged to the adapter module 8.
  • the adapter module 8 is provided with an opening 8E (see FIGS. 3A, 3E), which can be used for the link mechanism 120, And/or stop mechanism 110' (see Figure 8), and/or self-locking member 132 (see Figure 8A).
  • a flexible component may be provided between the adapter module 8 and the wheel hub 12 for preventing damage to the wheel hub 12 by the adapter module 8, in particular to the wheel hub 12 due to squeezing, vibration, etc. during motoring. Damage caused.
  • the flexible member may or may not be elastic, such as a rubber pad, which may be made of various flexible materials.
  • the auxiliary wheel may also have no adapter module 8, in which case one end of the stop device 110 is directly splined on the auxiliary wheel hub 11, or is hinged to a stop mechanism mount 130 that is fixed to the auxiliary wheel hub 11. on.
  • the stop means may also include means for applying an elastic force to the stop mechanism 110 to maintain the stop mechanism 110 disengaged from the wheel hub (i.e., in the open position) when not locked.
  • the member is, for example, a spring 124A which, as shown in Fig. 6B, fits over the linkage mechanism 120 with one end resting on the adapter module 8 and the other end resting against the stop mechanism 110.
  • the link mechanism and the stop mechanism are movably coupled or integrally formed, and/or the link mechanism is movably coupled or integrally formed with the plate wheel.
  • FIG. 7 shows a case where the link mechanism and the stop mechanism are integrally formed, in which the adapter module 8, the self-locking device, the stop mechanism 110', the stop mechanism seat 130', the torsion spring 124B and the auxiliary wheel are shown.
  • one end 110'A of the stop mechanism 110' (corresponding to the link mechanism 120 and the stop mechanism 110 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6B) is directly hinged to the self-locking member 122 of the locking assembly, and One end is a locking end 110'B.
  • One end 130'C of the stop mechanism seat 130' can serve as a support point for the locking end 110'B of the stop mechanism 110' when locked and opened.
  • the stop mechanism seat 130' is provided with a torsion spring 124B.
  • One end of the torsion spring 124B is fixed on the stop mechanism seat 130', and the other end is fixed on the locking end 110'B of the stop mechanism 110', and is self-locking.
  • the self-locking member 122 is freely rotatable.
  • the torsion spring 124B is used to pull the locking end 110'B of the stopping member 110' away from the locking position of the wheel hub and is in the open position.
  • the recess 110'C of the stop mechanism 110' rests at the end 130'C of the stop mechanism seat 130'.
  • the stop mechanism 110' shown in Figure 7 is in the locked position, at which point the locking end 110'B of the stop mechanism 110' abuts against the wheel hub.
  • the self-locking member 122 is rotated in the locking direction F1, and the self-locking member 122 pulls the stop mechanism 110'.
  • the locking end 110'B on the stop mechanism 110' is at the stop mechanism seat 130'.
  • the support of the end 130'C abuts against the inner radial face 16E of the wheel hub 12 to effect locking.
  • the locking assembly is opened, and the self-locking member 122 can be freely rotated in the opening direction F2, and the stopping mechanism 110' is returned to the open position by the elastic force of the torsion spring 124B.
  • stop mechanism can be in any form as long as it can be driven by the link mechanism. It can be placed against the wheel hub.
  • the third embodiment of the self-locking device is a modification of the second embodiment of the self-locking device.
  • the principle is the same as that of the second embodiment, and the self-locking can be replaced.
  • the device embodiment 2 is used in the auxiliary wheel.
  • the self-locking device embodiment 3 includes a base 131, a self-locking member 132, two lock blocks 133, 133a, and a lock block sleeve (which serves as a fastening and opening member, hereinafter specifically described) 136, preferably further including a holding member (including, for example, spring 134).
  • the third embodiment of the self-locking device differs from the second embodiment of the self-locking device described above in that the self-locking device embodiment 3 employs different forms of the self-locking member 132 and adds the lock block sleeve 136, but has the same Self-locking principle.
  • the base 131 has a cavity
  • the side wall of the cavity includes two frictional contact faces 131W, 131M (corresponding to the two frictional contact faces 121W, 121M in FIG. 5B)
  • the self-locking member 132 also includes two Friction contact faces 132M, 132W (corresponding to the two friction contact faces 122M, 122W in FIG.
  • the self-locking member 132 is disposed at least partially within the cavity of the base 131 such that the friction of the self-locking member 132
  • the contact faces 132M, 132W face the frictional contact faces 131W, 131M of the susceptor 131, respectively.
  • the lock block 133 is disposed between the friction contact surface 131W and the friction contact surface 132M and is in contact with the two friction contact surfaces 131W and the friction contact surface 132M
  • the lock block 133a is disposed between the friction contact surface 131M and the friction contact surface 132 W and The two friction contact faces 131M and the friction contact faces 132 W are in contact with each other.
  • the self-locking device including the frictional contact faces 131 W, 132M, 131M, 132W and the lock blocks 133, 133a corresponds to the self-locking device as shown in FIG.
  • the lock blocks 133, 133a are configured such that the self-locking member 132
  • the base 131 is movable relative to the base 131 in a first direction F1 and is locked in a second direction F2 opposite the first direction F1 such that the self-locking member 132 can be locked in any continuous locked position.
  • the lock blocks 133, 133a can be disengaged from the corresponding frictional contact surfaces, so that the self-locking member 132 can be moved in the second direction F2 to unlock the self-locking member.
  • the frictional contact faces 131W and 132M form an angle ⁇ smaller than or equal to the sum of the friction angles ⁇ 2 of the lock blocks 133 with respect to the frictional contact faces 131W and 132M, respectively, and the angle ⁇ ' formed by the friction contact faces 131M and 132W is smaller than It is equal to the sum of the friction angles ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 of the lock block 133a with respect to the frictional contact faces 131M and 132W, respectively.
  • the apex of the angle between the angles ⁇ and ⁇ ' points in the F2 direction.
  • the lock blocks 133, 133a are symmetrically disposed with respect to the self-locking member 132.
  • the lock block sleeve 136 is placed in the cavity of the base 131 and extends from the lock member 132. Pass through the lock block sleeve 136.
  • the lock blocks 133, 133a are embedded in the holes in the side walls of the lock block sleeve 136, so that the pin blocks 133, 133a can be manipulated by the lock block sleeve 136, and the lock blocks 133, 133a can be restricted from rolling irregularly.
  • a lock block ferrule may be disposed between the lock block sleeve 136 and the lock blocks 133, 133a for preventing the lock blocks 133, 133a from falling out when the self-locking member 132 is removed.
  • the lock blocks 133, 133a are cylindrical, and the holes in the lock block sleeve 136 have complementary shapes.
  • the opening and locking of the self-locking device can be achieved by the lock block sleeve 136.
  • the lock sleeve 136 in the longitudinal direction (i.e., in the F1 and F2 directions), the lock sleeve 136 has a flange at one end thereof, and has a fastening face 136A on the flange, by pressing the fastening ⁇
  • the face 136A can move the lock block sleeve 136 in the F2 direction, and one end of the self-locking member 132 has a fastening support surface 132A.
  • the self-locking member 132 By lifting the fastening support surface 132A, the self-locking member 132 can be moved in the F1 direction, and the kneading surface can be fastened.
  • the 136A faces the fastening surface 132A.
  • the crowbars 7B, 7C (shown in Figures 11B, 11C) can be inserted between the fastening jaw surface 136A and the fastening support surface 132A, during the swaying of the smashing rod, Due to the principle of the lever, the crowbar can press the fastening surface 136A and lift the fastening surface 132A, so that the self-locking member 132 is lifted in the F1 direction, and the lock block 136 is pressed down by the two locking blocks 133, 133a.
  • the two locking blocks 133, 133a are respectively tightly caught between the respective frictional contact faces 131W, 132M and the frictional contact faces 131M, 132W, so that it is impossible to have a self-locking component returning during the locking process of the self-locking device , fully absorb the material deformation of the self-locking part and the base.
  • the lock block sleeve 136 also has an opening support surface 136B.
  • the lifting block cover 136 can be moved in the F1 direction by lifting the opening support surface 136B, and the base 131 or other components fixed on the base 131 such as the spring seat 135 can be There is an opening face 135B that faces the opening face 135B.
  • the crowbars 7B, 7C (shown in Figures 11B, 11C) can be inserted between the opening support surface 136B and the opening surface 135B, during the swaying of the smashing rod, due to the principle of leverage
  • the crowbar can lift the opening support surface 136B, so that the locking block sleeve 136 drives the two locking blocks 133, 133a to move in the F1 direction, so that the two locking blocks 133, 133a release the self-locking component 132, so that the self-locking component 132 can Moving in the F2 direction, you can naturally move freely in the F1 direction.
  • an opening opening 136D can also be provided on the locking block sleeve 136.
  • the opening and locking function of the locking block sleeve 136 can also be realized by the corresponding swaying tool, and will not be described again here. .
  • the "face” and “support” mentioned here can also be changed to "defects” and “fulcrums” as needed.
  • a spring seat 135, which may be fixed to the base or integrally formed with the base, may also be preferably provided.
  • the spring 134 is fixed to the spring seat 135 and applies an elastic force to the lock blocks 133, 133a to help keep the lock blocks 133, 133a in contact with the self-locking member 132 and the base 131 at the same time. At the same time, the debris is prevented from entering the cavity of the base.
  • the spring seat buckle joint 135A and the base 131 are connected by a button, or other connection manners are adopted.
  • the self-locking member 132 can be used in conjunction with the stop device and the adapter module described in relation to the self-locking device embodiment 2 such that movement of the self-locking member 132 in the first direction F1 can cause the stop device to abut The locking in the second direction F2 on the wheel hub prevents the stop means from being released from the wheel hub.
  • one end of the self-locking member 132 is provided with a "D" type wire head 132C to be sprinkled with the stopping device; or, the self-locking member 132 is provided with a stop portion at one end thereof, and functions as a stop mechanism itself. Locked on the wheel hub.
  • the two lock blocks 133, 133a may have a pentahedron shape (the cross section is approximately trapezoidal) as needed, and as shown in Fig. 9, the contact of the lock blocks 133', 133a' with the self-locking member 132 and the base 131 is a face. Type contact to increase the friction area. Such lock blocks 133', 133a' can reduce the amount of deformation of the friction surfaces of the self-locking member 132 and the base 131.
  • the two lock blocks 133, 133a may also be spherical. As shown in Fig. 10, the self-locking device has ball lock blocks 133", 133a".
  • the lock block may also have other shapes, for example, the cross section of the lock block may be a triangle, a trapezoid, a diamond, a polygon, an irregular shape, or the like.
  • the spring 134 may be a spring piece having a plurality of pressure points or may be composed of several springs; the spring 134 may apply an elastic force to the lock block sleeve 136 and/or the two lock blocks 133, 133a, or the spring 134 and the lock block.
  • the sleeve 136 applies a force to the two lock blocks 133, 133a.
  • the spring can be fixed between the base and the lock block, or can be fixed between the base and the lock block.
  • the spring can have various forms such as a torsion spring, a leaf spring, and the like.
  • a protrusion 136C may be provided between both ends of the lock block 136 in the longitudinal direction (ie, the F1 and F2 directions), and as shown in FIG. 8C, the protrusion 136C is used to lock the lock when the self-locking device is in the open state.
  • the block remains in a position relative to the base. Specifically, when the protrusion 136C is lifted by the tool to raise the protrusion 136C to the outside of the susceptor 131, the spring 134A in the cavity of the susceptor 131 pushes the lock block 136 toward the protrusion 136C.
  • the side is inclined so that the protrusion 136C is caught on the opening face 135B of the base 131 or the spring seat 135, so that the third embodiment of the self-locking device is always in the open state.
  • the base 131 may be provided with a fixing seat which functions to be hinged, screwed or otherwise fixed to the auxiliary wheel hub 11; the base 131 may also be integrally formed with the auxiliary wheel hub 11.
  • the opening groove 132B may be disposed on the self-locking member 132.
  • the locking blocks 133, 133a stay in the opening groove 132B to ensure that the self-locking member 132 does not lock when the self-locking device is subjected to vibration.
  • the swaying tool can also clamp the opening groove 132B to sway the self-locking member 136.
  • the self-locking device, the auxiliary wheel hub 11 and the adapter module 8 can be fixed together in a bolt. In the self-locking device shown in FIGS.
  • the self-locking member 132 directly functions as a stop mechanism, when the locking is performed, the auxiliary wheel 1 is placed against the wheel 2, and the fitting module 8 is inserted into the wheel.
  • the "D" wire head 132C on the self-locking member 132 is also inserted into the lightening hole 16 through the through hole on the adapter module as the locking end, and when the self-locking member 132 is locked in the F1 direction, The "D" wire head 132C is in close contact with the inner radial face 16E of the wheel hub 12 such that the wheel 2 and the auxiliary wheel 1 are locked together.
  • the "D" core head 132C is disengaged from the inner radial surface 16E of the wheel hub 12, so that the auxiliary wheel 1 can be separated from the wheel 2.
  • the wrench 7A can be used to open and lock the second embodiment of the self-locking device as shown in Fig. 11A.
  • the wrench 7A has an elongated shape, one end of which is an open end 72 for opening the self-locking device, and the other end of the wrench 7A is a locking end 74 for locking the self-locking device.
  • Two hooks 78 are arranged side by side on the sides of the opening end 72, and two protrusions 76 are provided between the two hooks 78; the locking end 74 has a recess.
  • the locking end 74 of the wrench 7A is used, the locking end 74 is engaged with the trigger 122C on the self-locking member 122, and the wrench 7A is rotated in the locking direction F1, so that the self-locking device can be made in the second embodiment. In any locked position.
  • the crowbars 7B, 7C as shown in Figures 11B, 11C can be used to open and lock the third embodiment of the self-locking device.
  • One end of the crowbar 7B is provided with two pairs of curved claws, wherein the pair of curved claws have a locking point 71 and a locking fulcrum 73, and the other pair of curved claws has a locking point 77 and a locking fulcrum 75, and
  • the two pairs of curved claws are opposite each other and form a substantially circular shape. There is a certain interval between each pair of curved claws, and the intervals of the pairs of curved claws are different.
  • the two ends of the crowbar 7C each have a pair of claws, and each pair of claws has a certain interval, and the intervals of the pair of claws are different, wherein the pair of claws have two locking points 71' and two locking jaws 73', The other pair of jaws has two locking points 77' and two locking jaws 75'.
  • the claws of the crowbars 7B, 7C can be inserted between the fastening jaws 136A of the lock block sleeve 136 and the fastening face 132A of the self-locking member 132, or inserted into the opening face 136B of the lock block sleeve 136 and the opening face 135B. In the meantime, the opening and locking of the third embodiment of the self-locking device are realized.
  • the crowbars 7B, 7C can have different forms as long as the lower lock block sleeve 136 can be realized and the self-locking portion can be raised.
  • the member 132 and the function of lifting the lock block sleeve 136 with respect to the base 131 are sufficient.
  • the wrench ⁇ A and the boring bar 7B, 7C can also be converted into a hydraulic or pneumatic device according to the size of the self-locking device embodiment 2 and the self-locking device embodiment 3, and the opening and locking are performed using hydraulic or pneumatic force.
  • a device for fixing with the locking assembly can be fixed on the wheel hub 12 to fix the locking assembly. Attached to the device, the auxiliary wheel 1 is coaxially coupled to the wheel hub 12.
  • the self-locking component of the self-locking device described above can be used as a lock cylinder, and by the locking and releasing of the self-locking component relative to the base, the auxiliary wheel can be locked or released relative to the wheel hub.
  • the self-locking member 132 as a lock cylinder fixed to the wheel hub 12 and fixing the base 131 to the auxiliary wheel hub 11, the self-locking and opening of the self-locking member 132 relative to the base 131 can be realized.
  • the auxiliary wheel locks or disengages from the wheel hub.
  • the base is cylindrical;
  • the lock cylinder is cylindrical, and the cross-sectional diameter of the base of the lock post is smaller than the diameter of its end; the lock block is spherical.
  • a single locking assembly embodiment is used to lock the locking post 12A on the wheel hub 12, and the locking post 12A has an annular locking groove 12B.
  • the lock assembly of this embodiment includes: a lock block cover 11A, a lock block 43, a self-locking cover 41, an elastic member 44, and a gland 45.
  • the lock block sleeve 11A is fixed on the auxiliary wheel hub 11 or integrally formed therewith, and is sleeved around the lock cylinder 12A on the lock cylinder 12A.
  • the side wall of the lock block sleeve 11A has the same number of lock blocks 43 and The position of the annular lock groove 12B corresponds to the lock block hole 11B, and the lock block 43 is fitted in the lock block hole 11B.
  • a self-locking cover 41 is disposed around the lock block sleeve 11A, and a contact surface facing the lock block 43 is a tapered surface.
  • the gland 45 is fixedly disposed on the lock block sleeve 11A, and the elastic member 44 is disposed between the gland 45 and the self-locking cover 41 for providing the taper surface of the self-locking cover 41 against the lock block 43.
  • the elastic force is embedded in the annular lock groove 12B.
  • the lock cylinder 12A can also be formed integrally with the wheel hub 12.
  • the embodiment of the locking assembly may further include a cam lever 42 having a handle at one end and a cam at the other end, the cam being hinged to the self-locking cover 41 by the pin 46 and contacting the gland 45, such that When the cam is rotated about the pin 46 by rotating the handle, the cover 41 can be lifted and pressed (with the elastic member 44) relative to the cover 45, so that the lock block 43 is pressed or loosened by the lock cover 41, and the lock cover is realized. 41 Switch between the open position and the locked position.
  • the lock block sleeve 11A has four lock block holes 11B. Of course, there may be other numbers of lock blocks 43 and lock block holes 11B.
  • the lock block hole 11B is a tapered hole whose diameter gradually becomes smaller from the outer wall to the inner wall of the lock block cover 11A, and the minimum diameter thereof is slightly smaller than the diameter of the lock block 43, so that the lock block 43 does not pass through the lock block cover 11A.
  • the lock block 43 is spherical, and the lock block 43 can also have different shapes, such as an elliptical shape.
  • the inner tapered surface of the self-locking cover 41, the surface of the locking groove 12B of the lock cylinder 12A and the lock block 43 form the first embodiment of the self-locking device, that is, the inner tapered surface of the self-locking cover 41 corresponds to the above self-locking surface.
  • the first frictional contact surface in the first embodiment of the lock device, the lock block 43 corresponds to the lock block, and the surface of the lock groove 12B corresponds to the second frictional contact surface of the self-locking member, wherein the inner tapered surface of the self-locking cover 41
  • the apex of the angle formed with the surface of the lock groove 12B generally points in the direction from the wheel to the auxiliary wheel, so that the lock block 43 can only move in the wheel side direction and cannot move in the opposite direction. Since the lock block 43 is fitted in the lock block sleeve 11A, the lock block sleeve 11A can only be moved toward the wheel side, so that the wheel and the auxiliary wheel are locked together.
  • the auxiliary wheel and the wheel may be abutted together, the locking sleeve 11A is placed on the locking post 12A, the cam lever 42 is depressed to be in the locking position, and the locking cover is self-locking. 41 is depressed by the cam lever 42 and the elastic member 44, and the lock block 43 passes through the lock block hole 11B on the lock block sleeve 11A and abuts against the lock groove 12B of the lock cylinder 12A, thereby locking the lock cylinder 12A and the lock sleeve 11A. Locked together, the wheel and the auxiliary wheel are fixed together.
  • the cam lever 42 can be rotated to be in the open position, thereby lifting the self-locking cover 41 to the open position against the elastic force of the elastic member 44. Since the self-locking cover 41 is no longer pressed against the lock block 43, the lock block 43 is caused. In the free state, thereby contacting the lock of the lock cylinder 12A and the lock block sleeve 11A, the auxiliary wheel can be freely detached from the wheel.
  • one or more of the locking components can be used to make the locking of the wheel and the auxiliary vehicle more stable.
  • Method 1 Using a screw with a hook, the hook of the screw is hooked through the through hole 16 to the hub 12 of the wheel 2.
  • the screw passes through the mounting hole of the auxiliary wheel 1 and is fixed, so that the auxiliary wheel 1 and the wheel 2 are coaxially fixedly connected by bolts.
  • Method 2 Use some or all of the fixing screws on the wheel hub 12.
  • the hub 11 of the auxiliary wheel 1 A fixing screw hole corresponding to the wheel hub 12 is provided.
  • the fixing screws on the wheel hub 12 are removed or partially removed, the auxiliary wheel 1 is placed against the wheel 2, the fixing screws on the wheel 2 are inserted into the fixing screw holes of the auxiliary wheel 1, and the screws are re-fixed. , the auxiliary wheel 1 is fixed on the wheel 2.
  • the unassisted jack 5 includes a branch block 52 and a climbing block 51, and the branch block 52 is rotatably coupled to the climbing block 51 by a pin 56.
  • the climbing block 51 is rotatable about the 56 pin, and when the unpowered jack 5 is used, the climbing block 51 is opened. At this time, the climbing block 51 and the supporting block 52 have a common bottom surface in contact with the ground, and the climbing block 51 has a slope common wheel alignment.
  • the climbing block 51 is rolled up and then rolled onto the branch block 52; the climbing block 51 is gathered when not in use, so that the volume of the unpowered jack 5 is reduced and portable.
  • the climbing block 51 can be substantially triangular.
  • the climbing block 51 may be made of a resilient material such as rubber, and a projection may be provided on the surface in contact with the wheel and the surface in contact with the ground to increase the friction. Grooves can be provided on the support block 52 to facilitate the fixing of the wheel.
  • a flexible gasket can be placed on the climbing block 51 on the smooth road surface for the vehicle to smoothly open the helpless jack 5 .
  • the flexible gasket is longer than the climbing block 51.
  • the wheel is first rolled onto the flexible gasket to smoothly drive the climber.
  • the auxiliary wheel 1 can replace or assist the conventional wheel 2 to perform a specific function.
  • the auxiliary wheel 1 can be used as a spare tire so that the vehicle can normally travel to the service station; for driving on the surface or in the snow, the auxiliary wheel 1 can have an anti-slip function;
  • the auxiliary wheel 1 has a cross-country structure.
  • the auxiliary wheel 1 can have a solid tire, a vacuum tire or a composite tire.
  • auxiliary wheel having the anti-slip function For example, the structure of the auxiliary wheel having the anti-slip function will be specifically described below.
  • Fig. 14A shows a fixed nail type slip assisting wheel 141.
  • the fixed nail anti-skid auxiliary wheel 141 includes a hub and a tire, and the tire includes: an inner tube 94, a tire casing 92, a partition member 93, and a stud 91.
  • the studs 91 are fixed to the tire casing 92.
  • the partition member 93 is annular and is disposed between the inner tube 94 and the tire casing 92, and abuts against the inner wall of the tire casing 92 for blocking and protecting the stud or the stud holder from damaging the inner tube. If the stud 91 and the stud base are designed so as not to damage the inner tube, the spacer member 93 may not be provided.
  • the root of the stud 91 has a cap and is located inside the casing 92, and the end of the stud 91 projects from the outer surface of the casing 92.
  • the anti-slip auxiliary wheel 141 may also have a solid tire, and the stud is fixed to the solid tire.
  • the anti-slip auxiliary wheel can also have a hollow tire, but without a tube.
  • Fig. 14B shows another mounting fit of the stud type anti-skid anti-skid device with the non-slip tire
  • Fig. 14C shows the structure of the anti-skid device used.
  • the anti-skid device shown in Fig. 14C includes: a stud 91 and a stud holder 98. In this embodiment, a plurality of studs 91 are integrally fixed on the substrate, and the substrate has a through hole.
  • the stud base 98 is fixed on the auxiliary wheel tire 92, and includes a connecting post and a base 98B.
  • the connecting post has a smaller diameter than the base 98E and is fixed on the base 98B, and the connecting post is further provided with a connecting head 98A.
  • the connecting head 98A It can be connected to the connecting post in various forms, such as riveting, screwing, snapping, etc.
  • the connecting rod of the cleat holder 98 can pass through the base plate and then the connecting head 98A is fixed to the connecting rod.
  • the cleats 98 ensure that the studs 91 are mounted on the non-slip tires, and that the studs 91 do not fall off the non-slip tires during operation, while allowing the base of the cleats 91 to slide up and down relative to the connecting rods of the cleats 98.
  • the cleats 91 shown in Figs. 14B-14C are four-headed, and the studs 91 may be one, two or more. Studs can be placed in snow and muddy roads, as well as other road surfaces that affect the normal handling of the wheels, providing an anti-slip effect.
  • the studs shown in Figures 14B-14C are movable relative to the cleat base. Movable studs adjust the pressure on the road surface, increase the anti-slip effect, and reduce damage to the road surface.
  • the studs on the anti-skid auxiliary wheel can also be designed to be hollow.
  • the diameter of the end of the hollow stud is small and the diameter of the root connected to the substrate is large. Water, snow or debris enters from the end of the hollow stud, and then the water and snow or debris are discharged from the side outlet, so that the hollow non-slip nails are slipped each time. to raise efficiency.
  • the auxiliary anti-skid auxiliary wheel 1 cooperates with the wheel 2 of the motor vehicle to provide an anti-slip effect.
  • the end of the cleat 91 of the anti-skid auxiliary wheel 1 does not exceed the outer diameter of the wheel 2.
  • the air pressure of the wheel 2 or the anti-skid auxiliary wheel 1 can be adjusted according to the condition of the water and snow road surface, so that the stud nail 91 can be used according to the principle that the road surface can be effectively grasped without damaging the road surface, so that when the motor vehicle is driving, the wheel 2 is in contact with the water first.
  • the snow road and the debris on the road surface thus protect the anti-skid auxiliary wheel 1, the stud nail 91 and the road surface, and do not affect the anti-slip function of the anti-skid wheel 1, and also reduce fuel consumption.
  • the above-mentioned fixed nail type anti-skid auxiliary wheel, movable nail type anti-skid auxiliary wheel and hollow anti-skid type anti-skid auxiliary wheel may also be solid tires.

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Description

说 明 书 辅助轮、 无助力千斤顶以及开启和锁定辅助轮自锁装置的设备 本申请要求如下中国专利申请的优先权: 在 2011年 1月 6 日提交的、 申请 号为 201110020106.4 的申请; 在 2011 年 1 月 6 日提交的、 申请号为 201120017252.7的申请; 在 2011年 1月 6日提交的、 申请号为 201120017247.6 的申请;在 2011年 5月 31 日提交的、申请号为 201110143418.4的申请;在 2011 年 5月 31 日提交的、 申请号为 201110143416.5的申请, 这些申请的全部内容通 过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明涉及一种辅助轮以及用于辅助轮的安装与拆卸的无助力千斤顶。 背景技术
车辆在行驶过程中可能会遇到各种突发状况, 例如轮胎出现气密性等故障, 遭遇;水雪等恶劣天气等。 在现有技术中, 出现突发状况之后, 通常釆用的处理 方式包括: 更换故障轮胎, 为应对特殊天气而改为使用特殊轮胎或者对轮胎进 行临时处理等等。 例如, 为针对爆胎的情况下, 可以使用一种特殊轮胎, 该轮 胎内部设置有支撑结构 , 以便在爆胎后依然能保证机动车辆安全行驶一段距离; 又例如, 在泥泞等易滑路段中, 可使用带有防滑钉的轮胎; 再例如, 在冰雪天 气中, 可以在轮胎上安装防滑链等, 提高车辆行驶安全性。
虽然特殊轮胎能一定程度上解决上述问题, 但是特殊轮胎的价格相比普通 轮胎高, 而为了发生概率很小的突发状况而一直使用特殊轮胎, 对于用户而言 性价比不高。 另一方面, 如果采用更换轮胎或车轮的方式, 则需要使用特定工 具来拆卸故障轮胎或车轮, 并安装上备用轮胎或车轮, 或者防滑轮胎, 这些拆 卸和安装步骤相当麻烦和费力费时, 而且还需要一些专业技能才能完成。 因此, 用户希望能够有性价比更高的防范和应对轮胎或车轮的意外情况, 而且对意外 情况的处理过程更筒单、 方便、 快捷。
发明内容
为解决以上技术问题, 本发明提供了一种辅助轮以及用于辅助轮的安装与 拆卸的无助力千斤顶。
根据本发明的一个方面, 提供一种辅助轮, 包括轮毂和轮胎, 辅助轮以与 机动车车轮具有共同旋转轴线的方式固定安装在该车轮上。 优选地, 本发明的辅助轮包括位于轮毂上的一个或多个第一锁固组件, 用 于将所述辅助轮固定在车轮轮毂上, 使得辅助轮由车轮轮毂直接驱动。 优选地, 第一锁固组件用于通过车轮轮毂上的通孔将辅助轮固定到车轮轮 毂上; 或者, 第一锁固组件用于与位于车轮轮毂上的第二锁固组件连接, 从而 将辅助轮安装到车轮轮毂上。 优选地, 第一锁固组件包括止挡装置和具有连续锁定位置的自锁装置, 该 自锁装置包括:
具有空腔的基座, 该空腔的侧壁包括第一摩擦接触面和第四摩擦接触面, 且该基座固定在辅助轮轮毂上或与辅助轮轮毂一体形成; 自锁部件, 其具有第二摩擦接触面和第三摩擦接触面, 自锁部件设置成至 少部分位于所述空腔内, 使得第二摩擦接触面面向第一摩擦接触面, 第三摩擦 接触面面向第四摩擦接触面; 第一锁块和第二锁块, 第一锁块设置在第一、 第二摩擦接触面之间并与第 一、 第二摩擦接触面接触, 第二锁块设置在第三、 第四摩擦接触面之间并与第 三、 第四摩擦接触面接触; 第一锁块和第二锁块被构造成使得自锁部件相对于 基座沿第一方向可活动, 而在与第一方向相反的第二方向上被锁止, 从而使得 自锁部件能够被锁定在任意连续锁定位置, 即实现无级锁定; 优选地, 这里的 第二方向大致为第一、 第二摩 4察接触面所成夹角或第三、 第四摩 4察接触面所成 夹角的顶点所指向的方向。
自锁部件沿第一方向的运动致使止挡装置抵靠在车轮轮毂上, 从而将车轮 轮毂夹在自锁装置与止挡装置之间, 而自锁部件在第二方向上的锁止防止止挡 装置与车轮轮毂松脱。
优选地, 第一、 第二摩擦接触面之间的夹角为 α, 第四、 第三摩擦接触面之 间的夹角为 α', 第一锁块相对于第一、第二摩擦接触面的摩擦角分别为
Figure imgf000004_0001
φ2, 第二锁块相对于第三、 第四摩擦接触面的摩擦角分别为 φ3和 φ4, 其中, α≤φι2 且 α'<φ3+φ4;
优选地, 0<α≤17°且 0<α'≤17°; 更优选地, α=α', φ^φ且 φ34。 优选地, 自锁装置还包括保持部件, 该保持部件用于向第一、 第二锁块施 作用力, 使得自锁部件被锁定在锁定位置时, 第一锁块保持与第一、 第二摩擦 接触面相接触, 第二锁块保持与第三、 第四摩擦接触面相接触。 优选地, 保持部件包括弹簧和延伸穿过所述空腔的锁块套, 自锁部件延伸 穿过锁块套, 锁块套的侧壁具有适于容纳第一锁块的第一孔和容纳第二锁块的 第二孔;
所述弹簧位于所述空腔内且对第一锁块和第二锁块施加弹力; 或者 所述弹簧位于基座之外且对锁块套施加弹力, 锁块套的端部具有凸缘, 所 述弹簧设置在基座的外表面与锁块套的凸缘之间。 根据本发明的另一方面, 第一锁固组件包括止挡装置和具有连续锁定位置 的自锁装置, 该自锁装置包括: 具有空腔的基座, 该空腔的侧壁包括第一摩擦接触面, 且该基座固定在辅 助轮轮毂上或与辅助轮轮毂一体形成; 自锁部件, 其具有第二摩擦接触面, 自锁部件设置成至少部分位于空腔内, 第二摩擦接触面面向第一摩擦接触面; 第一锁块, 该第一锁块设置在第一、 第二摩擦接触面之间并与第一、 第二 摩擦接触面接触; 第一锁块被构造成使得自锁部件相对于基座沿第一方向可活 动, 而在与第一方向相反的第二方向上被锁止, 从而使得自锁部件能够被锁定 在任意连续锁定位置; 自锁部件沿第一方向的运动致使止挡装置抵靠在车轮轮毂上, 从而将车轮 轮毂夹在自锁装置与止挡装置之间, 而自锁部件在第二方向上的锁止防止止挡 装置与车轮轮毂松脱。 优选地, 第一、 第二摩擦接触面之间的夹角小于等于第一锁块分别相对于 第一和第二摩擦接触面的摩擦角之和; 优选地, 第一摩擦接触面和第二摩擦接 触面之间的夹角小于等于 17。。 优选地, 自锁装置还包括保持部件, 该保持部件用于向第一锁块施加弹力, 使得自锁部件被锁定在锁定位置时, 第一锁块保持与第一、 第二摩擦接触面相 接触。
优选地, 在摩擦接触面上具有与锁块的形状匹配的凹槽, 锁块沿凹槽运行。 优选地, 所述基座、 所述自锁部件以及所述锁块由钢制成。 优选地, 自锁部件为板轮, 该板轮与基座旋转联接, 沿所述第一方向和第 二方向可旋转; 优选地, 板轮上沿其径向具有扳柄, 用于转动板轮。
优选地, 止挡装置包括连杆机构以及与该连杆机构联接的止挡机构, 其中, 连杆机构用于穿过辅助轮轮毂上的通孔与自锁部件联接, 使得自锁部件沿所述 第一方向的运动驱使止挡机构抵靠在车轮轮毂的背离辅助轮的一侧。 优选地, 连杆机构和止挡机构活动联接或一体形成, 和 /或连杆机构与自锁 部件活动联接或一体形成; 优选地, 当连杆机构与止挡机构活动联接时, 止挡 机构的一端相对于辅助轮轮毂旋转联接, 止挡机构的另一端用于在连杆机构的 驱动下抵靠车轮轮毂或与车轮轮毂松脱; 更优选地, 止挡装置还包括用于对止 挡机构施加弹力使其在未被锁止时自动脱离车轮轮毂的部件。 优选地, 第一锁固组件还包括适配模块, 该适配模块具有与车轮轮毂的通 孔互补的形状, 且在辅助轮固定在车轮轮毂上时嵌入所述通孔中。 优选地, 所述止挡机构的一端与适配模块旋转联接, 止挡机构的另一端用 于在自锁部件的驱动下抵靠车轮轮毂。 优选地, 第二锁固组件为锁柱; 第一锁固组件用于锁定该锁柱。 该锁柱上 具有环状锁沟; 而第一锁固组件包括: 锁块套、 锁块、 自锁罩、 弹性部件和压 盖, 其中, 锁块套固定在辅助轮轮毂上或与其一体形成, 用于围绕锁柱而套接 在该锁柱上, 锁块套的侧壁上具有与锁块数量相对应且与环状锁沟的位置相对 应的锁块孔, 锁块孔用于镶嵌锁块, 自锁罩围绕锁块套设置, 且面向锁块的接 触面为锥面, 所述压盖固定设置在锁块套上, 且弹性部件用于提供使自锁罩的 锥面压紧锁块而嵌入环状锁沟中的弹力。 优选地, 锁块与所述锁柱的接触面以及锁块与所述自锁罩的接触面形成的 夹角小于等于锁块分别相对于锁柱的接触面以及自锁罩的接触面的摩擦角之 和。 优选地, 第一锁固组件还包括凸轮杆, 该凸轮杆的一端为手柄, 另一端为 凸轮, 该凸轮与自锁罩铰接且与压盖接触, 凸轮杆能够在锁定位置和脱开位置 之间活动, 凸轮杆位于所述锁定位置时, 自锁罩的锥面压紧锁块而嵌入环状锁 沟中, 凸轮杆位于所述脱开位置时, 自锁罩被抬起使得锁块脱离所述环状锁沟。
优选地, 所述轮胎包括: 外胎, 以及固定在该外胎上且从该外胎的外表面 伸出的防滑钉; 优选地, 所述轮胎还包括隔离部件, 所述隔离部件布置在轮胎 的内胎与外胎之间。 优选地, 所述轮胎还包括固定在外胎中的防滑钉座, 多个防滑钉集成在基 板上, 该基板上具有通孔且套接在该防滑钉座上而相对于该防滑钉座可滑动。 因此, 本发明的防滑辅助轮易于制造, 防滑效果好, 而且对路面损伤小。 根据本发明的又一方面, 提供一种在安装上述辅助轮时使用的无助力千斤 顶, 包括旋转连接的爬块和支块, 所述爬块和支块具有共同的支撑底面, 且爬 块具有供所述辅助轮爬升的斜坡。 本发明的锁固组件开启和锁定便利, 操作简单, 显著提高了效率。 而且体 积大小比传统备胎小, 携带方便, 易于每个人搬运安装。 本发明的千斤顶结构 简单, 携带方便, 易于使用, 而且适应性高。
附图说明
下文中结合附图进一步说明本发明。 本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于 解释本发明, 并不构成对本发明的不当限定。 在附图中:
图 1A是安装了根据本发明实施例的辅助轮的车轮(例如常规车轮)的主视 图, 其中, 辅助轮通过其轮毂固定安装在车轮的轮毂上;
图 1B是图 1A所示的安装了根据本发明实施例的辅助轮的车轮的 A-A剖视 图; 的主视图;
图 2B是图 2A所示车轮的轮毂的 B-B剖视图; 图 3 A是根据本发明优选实施例的辅助轮中使用的适配模块示例的主视图; 图 3B是图 3A所示适配模块的 C-C剖视图;
图 3C是图 3A所示适配模块的后视图;
图 4A是根据本发明的用于辅助轮的锁固组件中的自锁装置第一实施例的 自锁原理图;
图 4B 是根据本发明的自锁装置第一实施例的自锁原理所涉及的作用力三 角形示意图;
图 4C和图 4D用于说明根据本发明的用于辅助轮的锁固组件中的自锁装置 第二、 三实施例的结构和自锁原理;
图 5A、 图 5B、 图 5C和图 5D分别是艮据本发明的锁固组件的自锁装置第 二实施例的主视图以及 A-A、 B-B、 C-C剖视图;
图 6A、图 6B和图 6C分别是采用自锁装置第二实施例的锁固组件示例的主 视图、 A-A剖视图以及后视图;
图 6D是具有如图 6A-6C所示锁固组件的辅助轮固定在车轮轮毂上时辅助 轮与车轮整体的径向剖视图;
图 7是与图 6A-6C所示锁固组件类似的锁固组件的 A-A剖视图, 其中采用 不同形式的止挡机构;
图 8A、 8B、 8C和 8D分别是根据本发明的锁固组件的自锁装置第三实施例 的主视图、 C-C、 A-A、 B-B剖视图;
图 9是根据本发明的锁固组件的自锁装置第三实施例的一种变型的 A- A剖 视图, 其中锁块为五面体形, 不同于自锁装置第三实施例中的锁块;
图 10是根据本发明的锁固组件的自锁装置第三实施例的一种变型的 B-B剖 视图, 其中锁块为球形, 不同于自锁装置第三实施例中的锁块;
图 11A是根据本发明实施例的自锁装置的锁紧与解锁工具(扳手) 的立体 图;
图 11B是根据本发明另一实施例的自锁装置的锁紧与解锁工具 (撬棒) 的 立体图;
图 11C是根据本发明另一实施例的自锁装置的锁紧与解锁工具 (撬棒) 的 立体图;
图 12A、 12B和 12C分别是固定在车轮轮毂上的锁柱与锁定在该锁柱上的 锁固组件示例的主视图、 A- A剖视图及 B-B剖视图;
图 13A、 13B、 13C分别是才艮据本发明实施例的无助力千斤顶的立体图、 俯 视图和 A-A剖视图;
图 14A是根据本发明实施例的防滑辅助轮的径向剖视图;
图 14B是根据本发明另一实施例的防滑辅助轮的径向剖视图; 且
图 14C是图 14B所示防滑辅助轮所釆用的防滑钉的立体图。 具体实施方式
下文中将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。 需要说明的是, 在不 冲突的情况下, 本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在本发明中, 辅助轮以与机动车车轮具有共同旋转轴线的方式固定安装在 车轮上, 通常是安装在车轮的外侧。 特别而言, 辅助轮可通过车轮的轮毂和 /或 轮轴安装和 /或连接在该车轮上, 辅助轮可用于各种用途, 例如防滑、 防爆胎、 替换出现故障的常规轮胎等等。 本发明可应用于各种现有的车轮。
当采用辅助轮通过车轮的轮轴安装在车轮上时, 可通过用于固定连接车轮 的已有螺丝中的一个或多个螺丝, 穿过辅助轮上预设的螺丝孔, 进而拧紧到车 轮的已有螺丝孔中, 从而将辅助轮固定在车轮上, 在此不再赘述。 下文中主要 说明辅助轮通过车轮的轮毂固定的方式。
在本文中, 以车轮轮轴的旋转轴线方向定义为 "轴向,,, 车轮直径方向定义 为"径向", 车轮直径所在的垂直于轴向的平面定义为 "径向面"。 另外, 术语"车 轮内侧"被定义为: 以车轮的径向面为基准,更靠近轮轴的侧面;术语"车轮外侧" 被定义为: 以车轮的径向面为基准, 远离车辆轮轴的侧面; 术语"常规车轮"是指 机动车辆具有的用于通常行驶的车轮, 与车轮轮轴相连接, 在下文中也简称车 轮。 本文中提到的术语"辅助轮 "是指可另外固定于机动车辆的常规车轮上的车 轮, 即, 本发明车轮, 可起备胎功能作用、 起防滑功能作用或其它功能作用; 在不冲突的情况下, 辅助轮的技术特征也可以直接应用于常规车轮, 例如本发 明的防滑钉可以应用于常规车轮, 从而形成具有防滑功能的车轮。 术语"联接通 道"是指车轮的轮毂上用于固定连接辅助轮的通孔, 可以是常规车轮轮毂上的减 重孔, 也可以是在常规车轮轮毂上制出的专用通孔或其它通孔。
图 1A、 IB 是安装了根据本发明的一个实施例的辅助轮的车轮视图。 如图 IB所示, 车轮 2包括轮毂 12和轮胎 14。 辅助轮 1包括轮毂 11和轮胎 13 (见图 1B ), 以及固定在该轮毂 11上的一个或多个锁固组件 6,该锁固组件 6用于将辅 助轮 1固定在车辆车轮的轮毂上, 即固定在图中所示车轮 2的轮毂 12上, 使得 辅助轮 1由车轮 2的轮毂 12直接驱动, 而非由轮轴直接驱动, 需要注意的是, 图 1A和图 1B中未示出锁固组件 6的具体构成, 而仅以方块表示。 该辅助轮 1 的功能。 通常, 辅助轮 1安装在车轮 2的轮毂 12的外侧。
锁固组件 6可安装在车轮 2的轮毂 12的通孔 16上,从而固定辅助轮 1 ; 或 者, 锁固组件 6与车轮 2的轮毂 12上的另一锁固组件配合, 从而固定辅助轮 1。 本发明的锁固组件制造简单, 成本低, 使用安全、 方便、 快捷, 在下文中具体 描述。
图 2A是本发明实施例中用于说明根据本发明实施例的辅助轮的一个示例 性车轮的轮毂的主视图; 图 2B是车轮轮毂的 A-A剖视图 (即, 径向剖视图)。 如图所示, 在机动车车轮 2的轮毂 12上, 一般都设有通孔(例如减重孔) 16 , 如图 2A中所示。 该通孔 16具有侧壁 16A、 16B、 16C和 16D, 这些侧壁与下文 具体描述的适配模块互补匹配, 以贴合适配模块。 如图 2B所示, 车轮轮毂 12 还具有内侧壁 16E, 下文中具体描述的止挡机构抵靠在该内侧壁 16E上。
当通过车轮轮毂上的通孔将辅助轮固定在车轮轮毂上时, 本发明的辅助轮 的锁固组件 6还优选具有与通孔 16的形状互补匹配的适配模块 8(见图 3A-3C )。 当辅助轮 1与车轮 2贴合时, 该适配模块 8插入车轮轮毂 12上的通孔 16中, 适配模块 8的侧表面 8A、 8B、 8C、 8D与该通孔 16的侧表面 16A-16D贴合, 有利于辅助轮与车轮轮毂稳定贴合和定位。
当车轮 2与辅助轮 1处在彼此锁定状态时, 适配模块 8位于车轮 2轮毂 12 的通孔 16中, 当车轮 2转动时, 通过通孔 16的侧壁 16C、 16D与适配模块 8 上的侧表面 8C、 8D配合, 实现车轮 2与辅助轮 1之间的扭力传递; 通过通孔 6 的侧壁 16A、 16B与适配模块 8上的外侧面 8A、 8B配合, 实现车轮 2与辅助轮 1的同心定位。
图 3A-3C仅示出根据本发明实施例的辅助轮中使用的适配模块的一个示例 性结构。 应当理解, 为了适应机动车轮毂上各种形状的通孔 16, 适配模块 8可 具有与通孔 16相匹配的相应形状, 使得可以将自身插入通孔 16中并与通孔 16 紧密贴合。
优选地, 适配模块 8具有定位结构 8G, 用于与辅助轮轮毂 11上的定位结 构配合, 实现适配模块 8在辅助轮轮毂 11上准确定位。 当然, 适配模块 8也可 不设定位结构 8G, 而依靠螺丝孔 8F与辅助轮轮毂 11实现准确定位。 适配模块 8可通过各种已知方式固定在辅助轮轮毂 11上, 包括螺丝连接、 铆接、 卡接、 粘接等等。 此外, 适配模块 8与辅助车轮轮毂 11可以一体形成。
下面介绍锁固组件的工作原理及锁固组件的实施例。
根据本发明的实施例, 锁固组件 6 包括具有连续锁定位置的自锁装置。 根 据自锁装置的第一实施例,如图 4A所示,该自锁装置包括具有空腔的基座 101、 至少部分位于该空腔中的自锁部件 102、 以及锁块 103, 其中, 该空腔的侧壁包 括第一摩擦接触面 (即, 锁面) W, 自锁部件 102具有第二摩擦接触面 M, 该 摩擦接触面 M面向摩擦接触面 W且与摩擦接触面 W成一角度 α。 锁块 103设 置在摩擦接触面 W和摩擦接触面 Μ之间且与摩擦接触面 W和 Μ接触,该锁块 103可以根据需要而具有不同形状, 例如可以是球形、 圓柱形、 多面体形等等。 该锁固组件 6还可以包括保持部件(图 4Α中未示出), 该保持部件可以是弹簧, 该弹簧的一端固定在基座 101上, 而另一端对锁块 103沿 α角顶点所指的方向 施加弹性预紧力。 在这里, 该自锁部件 102 可以与基座接触, 但是该接触面是 光滑接触面或基本光滑接触面。
在自锁装置的第一实施例中, 通过锁块 103 在基座空腔中与两个摩擦接触 面 W、 Μ的接触摩擦, 能够实现对自锁部件 102的自锁, 即自锁部件 102相对 于基座沿第一方向 F1可运动, 而在与所述第一方向相反的第二方向 F2上被锁 止, 从而使得自锁部件 102 能够被锁定在任意连续锁定位置。 在这里, 第一方 向 F1大致为 α角顶点所指的方向。 当沿着与 a角顶点所指的方向相反的方向对 锁块 103施加作用力(在存在保持部件的情况下, 需克服该保持部件对锁块 103 的作用力) 而使锁块 103与至少一个摩擦接触面 W、 M脱离接触时, 解除了对 锁块 103的锁定, 同时解除了对自锁部件 102的锁定, 此时自锁部件 102沿第 二方向 F2可移动。 因此, 只要锁块保持与摩擦接触面 W、 M接触而不松脱, 就 能保持自锁部件 102沿第二方向 F2锁止。
自锁装置的第一实施例的自锁理论依据如下:
根据自锁的原理, 如图 4A所示, 第一摩擦接触面 W对锁块 103产生的作 用力为 R13, 第二摩擦接触面 M对锁块 103产生的作用力为 R23, 设弹簧对锁块 102的弹力为 P, P与第二摩擦接触面 M的夹角为 β, α为第一摩擦接触面 W和 第二摩擦接触面 Μ之间的夹角, φ 和 φ2分别为锁块 103相对于第一摩擦接触面 W和第二摩擦接触面 Μ的摩擦角, 其中, 摩擦角 (^和 φ2与其相应的摩擦系数 μι和 μ2的关系是 ^tancp, μ2=ί&ηφ2。 需要注意, 根据实际应用不同, 锁块 103 相对于第一摩擦接触面 W和第二摩擦接触面 Μ的摩擦系数可以相同,也可以不 同, 因此, 1和 可以相同, 也可以不同。 在图中, 丫1和丫2表示法线。
以下结合图 4Β , 根据反行程时产生阻力小于或等于零的条件来确定自锁条 件。
&in( 0Q + φ2 - β) sm(a - φ.. - φ, ) 整理得: p = R - <Ρι _ 9d
j i COSff-, - β) 若要求锁块不自动松脱, 则应使 Ρ<0 , 由于 -90° < φ2 - β < 90°, 所以 cos(cp2-p)>0, 即得自锁条件为 α < (^+φ^
也就是说, 在角度 α小于或等于锁块 103分别相对于第一摩擦接触面 W和 第二摩擦接触面 Μ的摩擦角 φι和 φ2时, 即 α < φι+φ2, 自锁部件 102相对于基 座 101在第一方向 F1上可活动, 而在与第一方向相反的第二方向 F2上被锁定 保持不动, 从而使得自锁部件能够被锁定在任一连续锁定位置。
例如, 在基座、 自锁部件、 锁块均采用钢制成的情况下, 由于钢与钢的摩 擦系数约为 0.15 , 其摩擦角 和 φ2均约为 8.5°, 因此, 角度 α应小于约 17°。 但是自锁装置的每一部件可根据需要而采用不同的材料(例如金属、 塑料、 陶 瓷等等) 制成, 各个部件之间的材料也可以不同, 甚至每个部件本身也可由不 同材料制成。
根据上述自锁装置第一实施例的原理, 可以在所需装置上设置彼此结合的 若干自锁装置第一实施例, 优选可以对称设置彼此结合的两个自锁装置第一实 施例
例如, 图 4C、 图 4D用于说明根据本发明的用于辅助轮的锁固组件中的自 锁装置的第二、 三实施例的结构和原理。
如图 4C所示, 自锁装置的第二、 三实施例是两个自锁装置第一实施例的结 合。 具体而言, 本实施例的自锁装置包括具有空腔的基座 111、 至少部分位于该 空腔中的自锁部件 112、 以及第一锁块 113和第二锁块 113a, 其中该空腔的侧壁 包括第一、 第四摩擦接触面 111W、 111M, 自锁部件 112具有第二、 第三摩擦接 触面 112M、 112W, 第一摩擦接触面 111W面向第二摩擦接触面 112M且与其成 一角度 α,第四摩擦接触面 111M面向第三摩擦接触面 112W且与其成一角度 α'。 第一锁块 113 设置在第一、 第二摩擦接触面之间且与这两个面接触; 第二锁块 113a设置在第三、 第四摩擦接触面之间且与这两个面接触。 与自锁装置的第一 实施例类似, 本实施例的自锁装置也可以包括保持部件, 分别沿 α角和 α'角顶 点所指的方向对第一、 第二锁块 113和 113a施加弹性预紧力。
通过以上结合自锁装置的第一实施例所述可知,如果第一摩擦面 111W与第 二摩擦面 112M的夹角 α、 第一锁块 113相对于第一和第二摩擦接触面的摩擦角 屮 和 φ2满足 ο φ^φ^ 第三摩擦面 112W与第四摩擦面 111M的夹角 α'、 第二 锁块 113a相对于第三和第四摩擦接触面的摩擦角 φ3和 φ4满足 α'≤φ34,则能够 使得自锁部件 112相对于基座 111在第一方向 F1上可活动, 而在与第一方向相 反的第二方向 F2上被锁定保持不动, 从而使得自锁部件能够被锁定在任一连续 锁定位置。 另外, 如果第二、 第三摩擦接触面 112M、 112W之间的夹角为 γ, 那么第一摩擦接触面 111 W与第四摩擦接触面 111M的夹角 e c i+c z+i s+c A+Y n 通过上述原理, 可以设计基座空腔的上述夹角, 在锁块的作用下, 自锁部件可 以被锁定在任意连续锁定位置。
以下描述用于本发明辅助轮中的锁固组件的自锁装置的第二实施例。 设于 辅助轮轮毂上的锁固组件可包括如图 5A-5D所示的具有连续锁定位置的自锁装 置以及与该自锁装置关联的止挡装置。 该自锁装置的实施例包括基座 121、 自锁 部件 122和两个锁块 123、 123a。 优选地, 该自锁装置还可包括保持部件(其包 括例如弹簧 124 )。
如图 5A-5D所示, 该基座 121 固定在辅助轮的轮毂上, 或者与辅助轮轮毂 一体形成。该基座 121具有空腔,该空腔的侧壁包括两个摩擦接触面 121W、121M (相当于图 4C中的第一和第四摩擦接触面 111 W、 111M ), 自锁部件 122也包 括两个摩擦接触面 122M、 122W(相当于图 4C中的第二和第三摩擦接触面 112M, 112W ),且该自锁部件 122设置成至少部分位于该基座 121的空腔内,使得自锁 部件 122的摩擦接触面 122M、 122W分别面向基座 121的摩擦接触面 121 W、 121M。 如图 5C所示, 自锁部件 122与基座 121联接且可相对于基座 121旋转, 例如, 自锁部件 122通过销 126铰接在基座 121上。 该基座 121兼具固定其它 部件的功能和 /或固定自身的功能。 自锁部件 122相对于基座 121旋转时, 带动 摩擦接触面 122M、 122 W分别相对于摩擦接触面 121W、 121M运动。特别而言, 自锁部件 122为板轮, 该板轮例如通过与板轮的两个侧面大致垂直的销 126而 与基座 121旋转联接, 摩擦接触面 122M、 122W位于板轮的两个侧面上。
该基座 121还容纳两个锁块 123、 123a。 锁块 123设置在摩擦接触面 121 W 和摩擦接触面 122M之间并与这两个摩擦接触面 121W和摩擦接触面 122M接 触, 锁块 123a设置在摩擦接触面 121M和摩擦接触面 122W之间并与这两个摩 擦接触面 121M和摩擦接触面 122W接触。在这里,包括摩擦接触面 121W、122M、 121M、 122W以及锁块 123、 123a的自锁装置相当于如图 4C所示的自锁装置, 锁块 123、 123a被构造成使得自锁部件 122相对于基座 121沿第一方向 F1可运 动, 而在与第一方向 F1相反的第二方向 F2上被锁止, 从而使得自锁部件 122 能够被锁定在任意连续锁定位置。 通过对锁块 123、 123a施加外力, 能使得锁 块 123、 123a与相应的摩擦接触面脱离接触, 从而自锁部件 122可沿第二方向 F2运动, 从而对自锁部件解锁。 优选地, 摩擦接触面 121W和 122M形成的夹 角小于等于锁块 123分别相对于摩擦接触面 121W和 122M的摩擦角之和,且摩 擦接触面 121M和 122W形成的夹角小于等于锁块 123a分别相对于摩擦接触面 121M和 122W的摩擦角之和。
基座 121的内侧摩擦接触面 121 W、 121M以及自锁部件 122的两侧摩擦接 触面 122M、 122W可以是以销 126为圓心的环状。摩擦接触面可以是平面形状, 也可以是与锁块形状相匹配的其它形状。优选地,摩擦接触面具有使得锁块 123、 123a 能分别嵌在两个摩擦接触面之间滚动或滑动且与摩擦接触面尽可能多地接 触的形状。 优选地, 摩擦接触面 121 W、 122M的剖面形状和摩擦接触面 122 W、 121M的剖面形状分别与锁块 123、 123a的外形大致互补,以增大锁块 123、 123a 与摩擦接触面的接触面; 例如, 锁块可以是球形, 而摩擦接触面为凹槽形。 基 座 121可通过其螺丝孔 121C与辅助车轮轮毂 11 固定连接。
优选地, 自锁部件 122两侧的摩擦接触面具有开启位沟 122B, 使自锁部件 122在使用前经常处于开启位, 可提高安装效率。
优选地,该自锁装置还可包括弹簧座 125、弹簧 124和弹簧座固定螺丝 128。 弹簧座 125和弹簧 124用于对锁块 123、 123a施加弹性预紧力。 弹簧座 125与 基座 121 的固定可以是通过弹簧座固定螺丝 128 实现的螺丝固定, 或者, 也可 以是弹簧座 125处通过冲压将自身变形起到固定作用或扣接。 弹簧座 125也可 以与基座 121 —体形成, 此时就不需要螺丝 128。 该自锁装置还可以包括螺母 127, 用于固定销 126, 使其用作自锁部件 122的旋转轴。
锁固组件还可包括止挡装置(下文中具体描述)。 在本实施例中, 自锁部件 122为板轮, 该板轮的轮缘上设有用于与止挡装置联接的联接端 122D。 优选地, 板轮上沿其径向具有扳柄 122C, 用于对其施加作用力而转动该板轮。
如图 6A、 6B、 6C所示, 示出了采用自锁装置第二实施例的锁固组件示例 的视图。 该锁固组件包括固定在辅助轮轮毂 11上的自锁装置和固定在适配模块 8上的止挡装置。所述止挡装置包括连杆机构 120以及与该连杆机构 120活动联 接的止挡机构 110, 该止挡机构 110的一个端部 110B与适配模块 8旋转连接, 而与端部 110B相对的另一个端部用于抵靠车轮轮毂的内侧。 连杆机构 120用于 穿过辅助轮轮毂上的通孔与自锁部件 122的连杆连接端 122D活动联接,使得锁 固组件中该自锁部件 122沿第一方向 F1的运动能够致使该止挡机构 110抵靠在 车轮轮毂上 (例如, 抵靠在车轮轮毂的内侧, 即背离辅助轮的一侧, 例如车轮 轮毂的内侧壁 16E ),从而将车轮轮毂夹在自锁装置与止挡装置(例如止挡机构 ) 之间;而自锁部件 122在第二方向 F2上的锁止防止该止挡机构与车轮轮毂松脱, 从而利用止挡机构 110 的锁定与开启实现将辅助轮锁定在车轮轮毂上以及与车 轮轮毂松脱。
更具体而言, 适配模块 8可固定在辅助轮轮毂 11的内侧, 也可以与辅助轮 轮毂 11一体形成。 止挡装置还包括设于适配模块 8的凹部 8H中 (见图 3C )的 止挡机构支座 130 (见图 6B ), 该支座 130可通过固定螺丝 128固定安装在适配 模块 8上。 止挡机构 110通过止挡机构销 126B而铰接在止挡机构支座 130上, 如图 6B所示, 止挡机构 110中与连杆机构 120的端部 120A联接的部分是联接 部 110A。 在这里, 止挡机构支座 130可以与适配模块 8—体制成。 也可以不设 置止挡机构支座 130 , 此时止挡机构 110直接铰接在适配模块 8上。
可以看出,适配模块 8上设有开口 8E (见图 3A, 3E ),可以供连杆机构 120、 和 /或止挡机构 110' (见图 8 )、 和 /或自锁部件 132 (见图 8A ) 穿过。
在适配模块 8与车轮轮毂 12之间可设有柔性部件, 用于防止适配模块 8对 车轮轮毂 12的损坏, 特别是在机动车行驶过程中可能由于挤压、 振动等对车轮 轮毂 12造成的损坏。该柔性部件可以具有弹性或不具有弹性,例如可以是胶垫, 该胶垫可以由各种柔性材料制成。 在这里, 辅助轮也可以不具有适配模块 8, 此 时, 止挡装置 110的一端直接饺接在辅助轮轮毂 11上, 或者铰接在固定在辅助 轮轮毂 11上的止挡机构支座 130上。
所述止挡装置还可以包括用于对止挡机构 110施加弹力以使该止挡机构 110 在未被锁止时保持与车轮轮毂脱离 (即, 处于开启位置) 的部件。 该部件例如 为弹簧 124A, 如图 6B所示, 该弹簧 124A套在连杆机构 120上, 且一端 靠在 适配模块 8上, 另一端抵靠在止挡机构 110上。
所述连杆机构和所述止挡机构可活动联接或一体形成 , 和 /或所述连杆机构 与所述板轮可活动联接或一体形成。
例如,图 7示出连杆机构和止挡机构一体制成的情况,其中示出适配模块 8、 自锁装置、 止挡机构 110'、 止挡机构座 130'、 扭簧 124B与辅助轮轮毂 11 的装 配图。 在图 7中, 止挡机构 110' (相当于图 6B所示实施例中的连杆机构 120和 止挡机构 110 )的一端 110'A直接铰接在锁固组件的自锁部件 122上, 另一端为 锁止端 110'B。止挡机构座 130'的一端 130'C可作为止挡机构 110'的锁止端 110'B 在锁止与开启时的支撑点。 止挡机构座 130'上设有扭簧 124B, 该扭簧 124B的 一端固定在止挡机构座 130'上, 另一端固定在止挡机构 110'的锁止端 110'B上, 在自锁装置开启时, 自锁部件 122可自由转动, 此时, 扭簧 124B用于拉动止挡 部件 110'的锁止端 110'B, 使其脱离与车轮轮毂的锁止位置而处于开启位置, 此 时, 止挡机构 110'的凹部 110'C停靠在止挡机构座 130'的端部 130'C。
图 7中示出的止挡机构 110'处于锁止位置,此时止挡机构 110'的锁止端 110'B 抵靠在车轮轮毂上。 为实现该锁止状态, 沿锁定方向 F1转动自锁部件 122 , 自 锁部件 122拉动止挡机构 110', 该止挡机构 110'上的锁止端 110'B在止挡机构座 130'的端部 130'C的支撑下抵靠在车轮轮毂 12的内侧径向面 16E上, 从而实现 锁定。 在开启过程中, 开启锁固组件, 自锁部件 122可以沿开启方向 F2 自由转 动, 止挡机构 110'在扭簧 124B的弹力作用下回复到开启位置。
需要注意的是, 止挡机构可以是任意形式, 只要它能在连杆机构的带动下 抵靠在车轮轮毂上即可。
图 8A-8D示出自锁装置的优选的实施例三的结构示意图, 该自锁装置实施 例三是上述自锁装置实施例二的一种变型, 原理与实施例二相同, 可替换自锁 装置实施例二而用于辅助轮中。 自锁装置实施例三包括基座 131, 自锁部件 132, 两个锁块 133、 133a 以及锁块套(其用作紧固和开启部件, 下文中具体描述) 136, 优选地还包括保持部件 (包括例如弹簧 134 )。
总体而言, 自锁装置实施例三与上述自锁装置实施例二的区别在于, 自锁 装置实施例三采用了不同形式的自锁部件 132, 并增加了锁块套 136, 但是具有 相同的自锁原理。 例如, 该基座 131 具有空腔, 该空腔的侧壁包括两个摩擦接 触面 131W、 131M (相当于图 5B中的两个摩擦接触面 121W、 121M ), 自锁部 件 132也包括两个摩擦接触面 132M、 132W (相当于图 5B中的两个摩擦接触面 122M、 122W ), 且该自锁部件 132设置成至少部分位于该基座 131的空腔内, 使得自锁部件 132的摩擦接触面 132M、 132W分別面向基座 131的摩擦接触面 131W, 131M。
锁块 133设置在摩擦接触面 131W和摩擦接触面 132M之间并与这两个摩擦 接触面 131W和摩擦接触面 132M接触, 锁块 133a设置在摩擦接触面 131M和 摩擦接触面 132 W之间并与这两个摩擦接触面 131M和摩擦接触面 132 W接触。 在这里, 包括摩擦接触面 131 W、 132M、 131M、 132W以及锁块 133、 133a的 自锁装置相当于如图 5B所示的自锁装置, 锁块 133、 133a被构造成使得自锁部 件 132相对于基座 131沿第一方向 F1可运动, 而在与第一方向 F1相反的第二 方向 F2上被锁止, 从而使得自锁部件 132能够被锁定在任意连续锁定位置。 通 过对锁块 133、 133a施加外力, 能使得锁块 133、 133a与相应的摩擦接触面脱离 接触,从而自锁部件 132可沿第二方向 F2运动,从而对自锁部件解锁。优选地, 摩擦接触面 131W和 132M形成的夹角 α小于等于锁块 133分别相对于摩擦接触 面 131W和 132M的摩擦角 φ2之和,且摩擦接触面 131M和 132W形成的夹 角 α'小于等于锁块 133a分别相对于摩擦接触面 131M和 132W的摩擦角 φ3、 φ4 之和。
在这里, 夹角 α和 α'夹角的顶点指向 F2方向。 优选地, α=α', 和 /或 φ φ^ 和 /或 φ34。 锁块 133、 133a关于自锁部件 132对称设置。
在本实施例中, 锁块套 136置于基座 131的空腔中, 且自锁部件 132延伸 穿过锁块套 136。 锁块 133、 133a嵌入锁块套 136的侧壁上的孔中, 因此, 通过 锁块套 136能够操纵销块 133、 133a, 且能够限制锁块 133、 133a无规则滚动。 在锁块套 136与锁块 133、 133a之间可以设置锁块卡套, 用于防止当自锁部件 132取走时锁块 133、 133a掉出。 其中, 锁块 133、 133a为圓柱形, 锁块套 136 中的孔具有互补的形状。
通过锁块套 136可实现该自锁装置的开启和锁止。 例如, 如 8A所示, 在纵 向上(即, 在 F1和 F2方向上), 锁块套 136的一端具有凸缘, 在该凸缘上具有 紧固撬面 136A, 通过下压该紧固撬面 136A能够使锁块套 136沿 F2方向移动, 且自锁部件 132的一端具有紧固支面 132A, 通过提升紧固支面 132A能够使自 锁部件 132沿 F1方向移动, 且紧固撬面 136A面向紧固支面 132A。 在自锁装置 的锁止过程中, 可将撬棒 7B、 7C (如图 11B、 11C所示)插入紧固撬面 136A 与紧固支面 132A之间, 在撬棒的撬动过程中, 由于杠杆原理, 撬棒可下压紧固 撬面 136A并提升紧固支面 132A, 使得自锁部件 132沿 F1方向提升的同时, 使 锁块套 136下压两个锁块 133、 133a, 这两个锁块 133、 133a分别紧紧地卡在相 应的摩擦接触面 131W、 132M之间和摩擦接触面 131M、 132W之间, 使得在自 锁装置的锁止过程中不可能存在自锁部件回程, 将自锁部件和基座的材料变形 量全部吸收。 锁块套 136还具有开启支面 136B , 通过提升该开启支面 136B能 够使锁块套 136沿 F1方向移动, 且基座 131或者固定在该基座 131上的其它部 件例如弹簧座 135 上可具有开启撬面 135B, 该开启支面 136B 面向开启撬面 135B。 在自锁装置的开启过程中, 可将撬棒 7B、 7C (如图 11B、 11C所示)插 入开启支面 136B与开启撬面 135B之间, 在撬棒的撬动过程中, 由于杠杆原理, 撬棒可提升开启支面 136B ,使锁块套 136带动两个锁块 133、 133a沿 F1方向移 动, 从而这两个锁块 133、 133a松开自锁部件 132, 使自锁部件 132可以沿 F2 方向移动, 自然也可以向 F1方向自由移动。 另外, 作为开启支面 136B的一种 变型, 也可以在锁块套 136上设置开启撬孔 136D, 通过相应的撬动工具, 同样 可以实现锁块套 136的开启和锁定功能,这里不再赘述。这里所说的"撬面"、 "支 面"也可以根据需要变为 "撬点"、 "支点"。
在自锁装置的实施例三中, 也可以优选设置弹簧座 135 , 其可以固定在基座 上,或者与基座一体形成。弹簧 134固定在该弹簧座 135上,并对锁块 133、 133a 施加弹力, 有助于使锁块 133、 133a保持同时与自锁部件 132和基座 131接触, 同时防止杂物进入基座的空腔内。弹簧座扣连处 135A与基座 131是扣式连接方 式, 或采取其它连接方式。
类似地, 自锁部件 132可以与关于自锁装置实施例二所述的止挡装置和适 配模块结合使用, 使得自锁部件 132沿第一方向 F1的运动能够致使该止挡装置 抵靠在车轮轮毂上,在第二方向 F2上的锁止能够防止止挡装置与车轮轮毂松脱。 优选地, 该自锁部件 132的一端设有"丁"字丝头 132C , 与止挡装置饺接; 或者, 该自锁部件 132 的一端设有止挡部分, 自身用作止挡机构, 能够锁定在车轮轮 毂上。
根据需要, 两个锁块 133、 133a可以呈五面体形 (其横截面近似呈梯形), 如图 9所示, 锁块 133'、 133a'与自锁部件 132和基座 131的接触是面型接触以 增加摩擦面积。 这种锁块 133'、 133a'可以减少自锁部件 132和基座 131 的摩擦 面的变形量。 两个锁块 133、 133a也可以是球形, 如图 10所示, 自锁装置具有 球形锁块 133"、 133a"。 锁块还可以具有其它形状, 例如锁块的横截面可以是三 角形、 梯形、 菱形、 多边形、 不规则形状等等。
弹簧 134可以是弹簧片, 有多个压点, 也可以是由几个弹簧组成; 弹簧 134 可以对锁块套 136和 /或两个锁块 133、 133a施加弹力, 或者, 弹簧 134和锁块 套 136对两个锁块 133、 133a共同施加作用力。 弹簧可以固定在基座与锁块之 间, 也可以固定在基座与锁块套之间。 弹簧可具有各种形式, 例如扭簧、 板簧 等等。
在锁块套 136的纵向(即、 F1和 F2方向)两端之间还可设有突起部 136C, 如图 8C所示, 该突起部 136C用于在自锁装置处于开启状态时, 使锁块套相对 于基座保持处于某一位置。 具体而言, 当通过工具抬起锁块套 136 的开启撬面 136B而使突起部 136C到达基座 131外部时,基座 131内腔内的弹簧 134A推动 锁块套 136向设有突起部 136C—侧倾斜, 从而突起部 136C卡在基座 131或弹 簧座 135的开启撬面 135B上, 使自锁装置实施例三一直处于开启状态。
基座 131可以设固定座, 固定座的作用是与辅助轮轮毂 11通过铰接、 螺丝 连接或其它方式固定; 基座 131也可以与辅助轮轮毂 11一体形成。
自锁部件 132上可以设置开启沟 132B , 在开启状态时, 锁块 133、 133a停 留在该开启沟 132B , 确保自锁部件 132不在自锁装置受到震动时自锁。 撬动工 具也可卡住开启沟 132B而撬动自锁部件 136。 另外, 可以用螺栓依次将自锁装置、 辅助轮轮毂 11和适配模块 8固定在一 起。 在图 8A-8D所示自锁装置中, 在自锁部件 132直接作为止挡机构的情况下, 在进行锁定时, 将辅助轮 1贴靠在车轮 2上, 适配模块 8插入车轮的减重孔 16 中, 自锁部件 132上的"丁"字丝头 132C作为锁止端通过适配模块上的通孔也插 入减重孔 16中, 将自锁部件 132沿 F1方向锁紧时, "丁"字丝头 132C与车轮轮 毂 12的内侧径向面 16E紧贴在一起, 使得车轮 2与辅助轮 1锁定在一起。 在开 启自锁装置后, "丁"字丝头 132C便脱离车轮轮毂 12的内侧径向面 16E, 于是可 将辅助轮 1与车轮 2分离。
以下参照图 11 A-11C介绍用于开启和锁定上述自锁装置的工具。
如图 11A所示扳手 7A可以用于开启和锁定自锁装置的第二实施例。 该扳 手 7A为长条形, 其一端为开启端 72, 用于开启自锁装置; 扳手 7A的另一端为 锁止端 74, 用于锁止自锁装置。 该开启端 72的两侧并排设有两个弯钩 78, 在 这两个弯钩 78之间设有两个凸起 76; 该锁止端 74具有凹口。 要开启自锁装置 时, 使开启端 72的两个弯钩 78分别钩住自锁装置的螺丝 127 (见图 5A所示) 两端, 使得该扳手 7A能够关于该螺丝 127转动; 然后将扳手 7A的两个凸起 76 压在自锁装置第二实施例的锁块(包括第二实施例中所有形式的锁块) 上, 沿 F1方向转动扳手 7A, 则凸起 76下压锁块离开锁定位置, 解除对自锁部件 122 的锁定。 要锁定自锁装置时, 使用扳手 7A的锁止端 74, 将锁止端 74与自锁部 件 122上的扳柄 122C配合, 向锁定方向 F1转动扳手 7A, 可以使自锁装置第二 实施例处于任意锁定位置。
如图 11B、 11C所示撬棒 7B、 7C可用于开启和锁定自锁装置的第三实施例。 撬棒 7B的一端设有两对弧形爪, 其中一对弧形爪具有锁固撬点 71和锁固 支点 73, 另一对弧形爪具有锁固撬点 77和锁固支点 75 , 且这两对弧形爪两两 相对, 构成大致圆形。 每对弧形爪之间具有一定间隔, 各对弧形爪的间隔不同。 撬棒 7C的两端各有一对爪, 每对爪之间具有一定间隔, 各对爪的间隔不同, 其 中一对爪具有两个锁固撬点 71'和两个锁固撬面 73',另一对爪具有两个锁固撬点 77'和两个锁固撬面 75'。 撬棒 7B、 7C的爪可插入锁块套 136的紧固撬面 136A 与自锁部件 132的紧固支面 132A之间, 或者插入锁块套 136的开启支面 136B 与开启撬面 135B之间, 实现自锁装置实施例三的开启和锁固。
撬棒 7B、 7C可以具有不同形式, 只要能实现下压锁块套 136并抬升自锁部 件 132以及相对于基座 131抬升锁块套 136的作用即可。
扳手 Ί A和撬棒 7B、 7C也可以根据自锁装置实施例二和自锁装置实施例三 的大小改装成液压或气压装置形式, 使用液压或气压的力实施开启和锁定。
为实现车轮 2与辅助轮 1的同轴连接, 除了利用车轮轮毂 12上的现有通道 以外, 还可以在车轮轮毂 12上固定设置用于与锁固组件配合使用的装置, 将锁 固组件固定连接至该装置上, 从而将辅助轮 1与车轮轮毂 12同轴连接。 虽然这 种方式需要对现有车轮 2的轮毂 12进行改动或专门设计制造, 但安装与拆卸辅 助轮的便捷性得到了极大提高。
在一个示例中, 可以将上述自锁装置的自锁部件用作锁柱, 通过自锁部件 相对于基座的锁定与松脱, 能够实现辅助轮相对于车轮轮毂锁定或松脱。 例如, 将自锁部件 132作为固定在车轮轮毂 12上的锁柱, 将基座 131固定在辅助轮轮 毂 11上, 则利用自锁部件 132相对于基座 131的自锁和开启 , 可以实现将辅助 轮锁定或脱离车轮轮毂。 优选地, 基座是圓筒形的; 锁柱是圓柱形的, 且锁柱 根部的横截面直径小于其端部的直径; 锁块是球形。
在另一个示例中, 如图 12A、 12B、 12C所示为单个锁固组件实施例, 用于 锁定车轮轮毂 12上的锁柱 12A, 锁柱 12A上有环状锁沟 12B。 本实施例的锁固 组件包括: 锁块套 11A、 锁块 43、 自锁罩 41、 弹性部件 44和压盖 45。
锁块套 11A 固定在辅助轮轮毂 11 上或与其一体形成, 用于围绕所述锁柱 12A套接在该锁柱 12A上,锁块套 11A的侧壁上具有与锁块 43数量一致且与环 状锁沟 12B的位置相对应的锁块孔 11B, 锁块 43镶嵌在锁块孔 11B中。 自锁罩 41 围绕所述锁块套 11A设置, 且面向所述锁块 43的接触面为锥面。 优选地, 压盖 45固定设置在锁块套 11A上, 弹性部件 44设置在压盖 45与自锁罩 41之 间,用于提供使自锁罩 41的锥面压紧所述锁块 43而使其嵌入所述环状锁沟 12B 中的弹力。
锁柱 12A也可以与车轮轮毂 12—体形成。
优选地, 该锁固组件的实施例还可包括凸轮杆 42, 该凸轮杆 42的一端为手 柄, 另一端为凸轮, 该凸轮通过销 46与自锁罩 41铰接且与压盖 45接触, 使得 通过转动手柄而使凸轮关于销 46旋转时, 能够相对于压盖 45提升和下压 (利 用弹性部件 44 ) 自锁罩 41, 从而自锁罩 41压迫或松开锁块 43 , 实现自锁罩 41 在开启位置和锁定位置之间切换。 本实施例中, 锁块套 11A上具有四个锁块孔 11B, 当然, 也可以具有其它 数量的锁块 43和锁块孔 11B。 锁块孔 11B为锥孔, 该锥孔的直径从锁块套 11A 外壁至内壁逐渐变小, 其最小直径略小于锁块 43直径, 使得锁块 43不会穿过 锁块套 11A。
本实施例中, 锁块 43为球形, 该锁块 43也可为不同形状, 例如椭圓形。 优选地, 自锁罩 41的内侧锥面、 锁柱 12A上锁沟 12B的表面与锁块 43形 成上述自锁装置的第一实施例, 即, 自锁罩 41的内侧锥面相当于上述自锁装置 第一实施例中的第一摩擦接触面, 锁块 43相当于锁块, 而锁沟 12B的表面相当 于自锁部件的第二摩擦接触面, 其中, 自锁罩 41的内侧锥面与锁沟 12B的表面 形成的夹角的顶点大体指向从车轮到辅助轮的方向, 使得锁块 43只能向车轮侧 方向运动, 而不能沿相反方向运动。 由于锁块 43镶嵌在锁块套 11A中, 从而使 锁块套 11A只能向车轮侧方向运动, 使车轮与辅助轮锁定在一起。 在车辆的行 驶过程中, 由于震动而在车轮与辅助轮之间产生间隙时, 根据自锁装置的原理 以及弹性部件 44的作用,会自动吸收该间隙而使车轮与辅助轮的锁定越来越紧。
在实际使用该锁固组件时, 为实现锁定, 可将辅助轮与车轮贴靠在一起, 使锁块套 11A套在锁柱 12A上, 压下凸轮杆 42使其处于锁定位置, 自锁罩 41 被凸轮杆 42和弹性部件 44压下,锁块 43穿过锁块套 11A上的锁块孔 11B而贴 靠在锁柱 12A的锁沟 12B内,从而将锁柱 12A与锁块套 11A锁定在一起, 车轮 与辅助轮便被固定在一起。 为实现开启, 可转动凸轮杆 42使其处于开启位置, 从而克服弹性部件 44的弹力而抬起自锁罩 41至开启位置, 由于自锁罩 41不再 压靠锁块 43, 使锁块 43处于自由状态, 从而接触对锁柱 12A与锁块套 11A的 锁定, 辅助轮便可从车轮上自由卸下。
在实际应用中, 可使用一个或多个该锁固组件, 以使车轮与辅助车的锁定 更加稳定。
除了上述采用自锁装置实现车轮与辅助轮锁定以外, 对于特定的、 特殊用 途的机动车, 还可以采用以下的简便锁定方式。
方式一: 采用带回钩的螺杆, 螺杆的回钩穿过通孔 16钩定在车轮 2的轮毂 12上。 螺杆穿过辅助轮 1的安装孔并进行固定, 实现通过螺栓将辅助轮 1与车 轮 2同轴固定连接。
方式二: 利用车轮轮毂 12上的部分或全部固定螺丝。 在辅助轮 1的轮毂 11 上设有与车轮轮毂 12相对应的固定螺丝孔。 在安装时, 将车轮轮毂 12上的固 定螺丝卸掉或部分卸掉, 将辅助轮 1贴靠在车轮 2上, 使车轮 2上的固定螺丝 插入辅助轮 1的固定螺丝孔中, 重新固定螺丝, 实现辅助轮 1 固定在车轮 2上。
下面结合图 13A、 13B和 13C描述与本发明的锁固组件配合使用的无助力 千斤顶。
利用如图 13A所示的无助力千斤顶 5可以很方便地解决在需要安装辅助轮 1时将车轮 2升高的问题。 无助力千斤顶 5 包括支块 52和爬块 51 , 通过销 56 将支块 52与爬块 51旋转连接在一起。 爬块 51可绕 56销旋转, 在使用无助力 千斤顶 5使用时张开爬块 51 , 此时爬块 51与支块 52具有共同的底表面与地面 接触, 且爬块 51具有斜坡共车轮顺着爬块 51滚动爬升, 进而滚到支块 52上; 在不使用时收拢爬块 51 , 从而使无助力千斤顶 5的体积减小、 方便携带。 爬块 51可大致为三角形。爬块 51可由橡胶等具有弹性的材料制成, 在与车轮接触的 表面以及与地面接触的表面上可设置凸起, 以增加摩擦力。 在支块 52上可设置 凹槽, 利于固定车轮。 在光滑的路面上为了车辆顺利地开上无助力千斤顶 5 , 可 以在爬块 51上敷设柔性垫片。柔性垫片长于爬块 51。车轮首先轧在柔性垫片上, 从而顺利驶上爬块。
辅助轮 1 可以代替或辅助常规车轮 2完成特定功能。 例如车辆因轮胎故障 而不能正常行驶时, 此辅助轮 1 可以用作备用轮胎, 使得车辆能够正常行驶到 维修站; 为了在;水面或雪地行驶, 可辅助轮 1 具有防滑功能的构造; 为越野行 驶, 辅助轮 1具有越野功能的构造。 辅助轮 1 可以具有实心胎、 真空胎或复合 胎。
例如, 以下就具有防滑功能的辅助轮的结构进行具体说明。
图 14A示出固定钉式防滑辅助轮 141。 该固定钉式防滑辅助轮 141 包括轮 毂和轮胎, 而轮胎包括: 内胎 94、 外胎 92、 隔离部件 93和防滑钉 91。 防滑钉 91 固定在外胎 92上, 隔离部件 93为环状, 设置在内胎 94与外胎 92之间, 贴 靠在外胎 92的内壁, 用于阻挡和保护防滑钉或防滑钉座破坏内胎。 如果防滑钉 91和防滑钉座设计成不会破坏内胎, 也可不设隔离部件 93。 防滑钉 91 的根部 具有帽且位于外胎 92内部, 且防滑钉 91的末端从外胎 92的外表面伸出。
防滑辅助轮 141 也可以具有实心胎, 防滑钉固定在实心胎上。 防滑辅助轮 也可以具有空心胎, 但不加内胎。 图 14B示出另一种釘式防滑胎防滑装置与防滑胎的安装配合, 图 14C示出 所用防滑装置的结构。 图 14C所示防滑装置包括: 防滑钉 91和防滑钉座 98。 在 本实施例中, 多个防滑钉 91整体固定在基板上, 该基板上具有通孔。 防滑钉座 98用于固定在辅助轮外胎 92上, 包括连接柱和底座 98B, 连接柱的直径小于底 座 98E且固定在底座 98B上, 且连接柱上还设有连接头 98A, 该连接头 98A可 通过各种形式与连接柱连接, 例如铆接、 螺丝连接、 扣接等等。 防滑钉座 98的 连接杆能够穿过所述基板, 然后将连接头 98A固定在连接杆上。 防滑钉座 98确 保防滑钉 91安装在防滑胎上, 且确保防滑钉 91在工作时不会从防滑胎上脱落, 同时允许防滑钉 91的基板能够相对于防滑钉座 98的连接杆上下滑动。
图 14B-14C示出的防滑钉 91是四头的, 防滑钉 91也可以是一头、 两头或 多头的。 防滑钉可以扎入冰雪及泥泞路面中, 以及其它影响车轮正常操控的路 面中, 起到防滑作用。
图 14B-14C所示的防滑钉相对于防滑钉座是可活动的。 可活动的防滑钉可 以调节对路面的压力, 增加防滑效果, 也可以减少对路面的损坏。
防滑辅助轮上的防滑钉也可以设计成中空的。 中空防滑钉的末端直径小而 与基板连接的根部直径大, 水雪或杂物由中空防滑钉末端进入, 然后由侧面出 口将水雪或杂物排出, 使中空防滑釘每次扎地的防滑效率提高。
辅助防滑辅助轮 1与机动车辆的车轮 2共同起到防滑作用。 为防止防滑钉 91破坏路面, 防滑辅助轮 1的防滑钉 91的末端不超过车轮 2的外径。 可根据水 雪路面的状况调整车轮 2或防滑辅助轮 1的气压, 让防滑钉 91按能够有效抓住 路面而又不破坏路面的原则使用, 使得机动车在行驶时, 首先是车轮 2接触水 雪路面和路面上的杂物如砖头、 石块等, 这样即起到保护防滑辅助轮 1、 防滑钉 91和路面的作用, 又不影响防滑车轮 1的防滑功能, 同时还可以减少油耗。
上述固定钉式防滑辅助轮、 活动钉式防滑辅助轮和中空防滑钉式防滑辅助 轮也可以是实心轮胎。
出于图解说明和阐述目的, 本文提供了以上关于本发明的详细说明。 本文 并非旨在穷尽或将本发明限于所公开的具体形式。 鉴于上述公开, 可进行诸多 修改和变型。 所述实施例用于更好地解释本发明的原理及其实际应用, 从而使 得本领域技术人员能够最佳地利用本发明。 本发明的范围由所附权利要求限定。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种辅助轮, 包括轮毂和轮胎, 其特征在于:
所述辅助轮以与机动车车轮具有共同旋转轴线的方式固定安装在该车轮 上。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的辅助轮, 包括位于所述轮毂上的一个或多个第一 锁固组件,
其中, 所述第一锁固组件用于将所述辅助轮固定在所述车轮的轮毂上, 使 得所述辅助轮由所述车轮的轮毂驱动。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的辅助轮, 其中, 所述第一锁固组件用于通过所述 车轮的轮毂上的通孔将所述辅助轮固定到所述车轮的轮毂上; 或者, 所述第一 锁固组件用于与位于所述车轮的轮毂上的第二锁固组件连接, 从而将所述辅助 轮安装到所述车轮的轮毂上。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的辅助轮, 其中, 所述第一锁固组件包括止挡装置 和具有连续锁定位置的自锁装置,
其中, 所述自锁装置包括:
具有空腔的基座, 该空腔的侧壁包括第一摩擦接触面和第四摩擦接触面, 且该基座固定在所述辅助轮的轮毂上或与所述辅助轮的轮毂一体形成;
自锁部件, 其具有第二摩 4察接触面和第三摩擦接触面, 所述自锁部件设置 成至少部分位于所述空腔内, 使得所述第二摩 4察接触面面向所述第一摩擦接触 面, 所述第三摩擦接触面面向所述第四摩擦接触面;
第一锁块和第二锁块, 所述第一锁块设置在所述第一摩擦接触面和所述第 二摩擦接触面之间并与所述第一摩擦接触面和所述第二摩擦接触面接触, 第二 锁块设置在所述第三摩擦接触面和所述第四摩擦接触面之间并与所述第三摩擦 接触面和所述第四摩擦接触面接触; 所述第一锁块和所述第二锁块被构造成使 得所述自锁部件相对于所述基座沿第一方向可活动, 而在与所述第一方向相反 的第二方向上被锁止, 从而使得所述自锁部件能够被锁定在任意所述连续锁定 位置;
所述自锁部件沿第一方向的运动致使所述止挡装置抵靠在所述车轮的轮毂 上, 从而将所述车轮的轮毂夹在所述自锁装置与所述止挡装置之间, 而所述自 锁部件在第二方向上的锁止防止所述止挡装置与所述车轮的轮毂松脱。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的辅助轮, 其中, 所述第一摩擦接触面和所述第二 摩擦接触面之间的夹角为 α,所述第四摩擦接触面和所述第三摩擦接触面之间的 夹角为 α', 所述第一锁块相对于所述第一摩擦接触面和第二摩擦接触面的摩擦 角分别为 和 φ2, 所述第二锁块相对于所述第三摩擦接触面和第四摩擦接触面 的摩擦角分别为 φ3和 φ4, 其中, ο^φ^φζ且 α'≤φ34;
优选地, 0<α≤17。且 0<α'≤17。; 更优选地, α=α', φ尸 φ2且 φ34
6. 根据权利要求 4所述的辅助轮, 其中, 所述自锁装置还包括保持部件, 所述保持部件用于向所述第一锁块和第二锁块施作用力, 使得所述自锁部件被 锁定在所述锁定位置时, 所述第一锁块保持与所述第一摩擦接触面和第二摩擦 接触面相接触, 所述第二锁块保持与所述第三摩擦接触面和第四摩擦接触面相 接触。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的辅助轮, 其中, 所述保持部件包括弹簧和延伸穿 过所述空腔的锁块套, 所述自锁部件延伸穿过所述锁块套, 所述锁块套的侧壁 具有适于容纳所述第一锁块的第一孔和容纳所述第二锁块的第二孔;
所述弹簧位于所述空腔内且对所述第一锁块和第二锁块施加弹力; 或者 所述弹簧位于所述基座之外且对所述锁块套施加弹力, 所述锁块套的端部 具有凸缘, 所述弹簧设置在所述基座的外表面与所述锁块套的凸缘之间。
8. 根据权利要求 3所述的辅助轮, 其中, 所述第一锁固组件包括止挡装置 和具有连续锁定位置的自锁装置,
其中, 所述自锁装置包括:
具有空腔的基座, 该空腔的侧壁包括第一摩擦接触面, 且该基座固定在所 述辅助轮的轮毂上或与所述辅助轮的轮毂一体形成;
自锁部件, 其具有第二摩 ^察接触面, 所述自锁部件设置成至少部分位于所 述空腔内, 所述第二摩擦接触面面向所述第一摩擦接触面;
第一锁块, 该第一锁块设置在所述第一摩察接触面和所述第二摩擦接触面 之间并与所述第一摩擦接触面和所述第二摩擦接触面接触; 所述第一锁块被构 造成使得所述自锁部件相对于所述基座沿第一方向可活动, 而在与所述第一方 向相反的第二方向上被锁止, 从而使得所述自锁部件能够被锁定在任意所述连 续锁定位置;
所述自锁部件沿第一方向的运动致使所述止挡装置抵靠在所述车轮的轮毂 上, 从而将所述车轮的轮毂夹在所述自锁装置与所述止挡装置之间, 而所述自 锁部件在第二方向上的锁止防止所述止挡装置与所述车轮的轮毂松脱。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的辅助轮, 其中, 所述第一摩擦接触面和所述第二 摩擦接触面之间的夹角小于等于所述第一锁块分别相对于所述第一摩擦接触面 和第二摩擦接触面的摩擦角之和; 优选地, 所述第一摩擦接触面和所述第二摩 擦接触面之间的夹角小于等于 17。。
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的辅助轮, 其中, 所述自锁装置还包括保持部件, 所述保持部件用于向所述第一锁块施加弹力, 使得所述自锁部件被锁定在所述 锁定位置时, 所述第一锁块保持与所述第一摩擦接触面和第二摩擦接触面相接 触。
11. 根据权利要求 4-10中任一项所述的辅助轮, 其中, 在所述摩擦接触面 上具有与所述锁块的形状匹配的凹槽, 所述锁块沿所述凹槽运行。
12. 根据权利要求 4-10中任一项所述的辅助轮, 其中, 所述基座、 所述自 锁部件以及所述锁块由钢制成。
13.根据权利要求 4-6中任一项所述的辅助轮,其中,所述自锁部件为板轮, 该板轮与所述基座旋转联接, 沿所述第一方向和第二方向可旋转;
优选地, 所述板轮上沿其径向具有扳柄, 用于转动板轮。
14. 根据权利要求 4-13所述的辅助轮, 其中, 所述止挡装置包括连杆机构 以及与该连杆机构联接的止挡机构, 其中, 所述连杆机构用于穿过所述辅助轮 轮毂上的通孔与所述自锁部件联接, 使得所述自锁部件沿所述第一方向的运动 驱使所述止挡机构 4氏靠在所述车轮轮毂的背离所述辅助轮的一侧。
15. 根据权利要求 14所述的辅助轮, 其中, 所述连杆机构和所述止挡机构 活动联接或一体形成,和 /或所述连杆机构与所述自锁部件活动联接或一体形成; 优选地, 当所述连杆机构与所述止挡机构活动联接时, 所述止挡机构的一 端相对于所述辅助轮的轮毂旋转联接, 所述止挡机构的另一端用于在所述连杆 机构的驱动下抵靠所述车轮的轮毂或与车轮的轮毂松脱;
更优选地, 所述止挡装置还包括用于对所述止挡机构施加弹力使其在未被 锁止时自动脱离所述车轮轮毂的部件。
16. 根据权利要求 14所述的辅助轮, 其中, 所述第一锁固组件还包括适配 模块, 该适配模块具有与所述车轮轮毂的通孔互补的形状, 且在所述辅助轮固 定在所述车轮轮毂上时嵌入所述通孔中。
17. 根据权利要求 16所述的辅助轮, 其中, 所述止挡机构的一端与所述适 配模块旋转联接, 所述止挡机构的另一端用于在所述自锁部件的驱动下抵靠所 述车轮的轮毂。
18. 根据权利要求 3 所述的辅助轮, 其中, 所述第二锁固组件为锁柱; 所 述第一锁固组件用于锁定所述锁柱。
19. 根据权利要求 18所述的辅助路, 其中,
所述锁柱上具有环状锁沟;
所述第一锁固组件包括: 锁块套、 锁块、 自锁罩、 弹性部件和压盖, 其中, 所述锁块套固定在辅助轮轮毂上或与其一体形成, 用于围绕所述锁 柱而套接在所述锁柱上, 所述锁块套的侧壁上具有与锁块数量相对应且与所述 环状锁沟的位置相对应的锁块孔, 所述锁块孔用于镶嵌所述锁块, 所述自锁罩 围绕所述锁块套设置, 且面向所述锁块的接触面为锥面, 所述压盖固定设置在 所述锁块套上, 且所述弹性部件用于提供使所述自锁罩的锥面压紧所述锁块而 嵌入所述环状锁沟中的弹力。
20. 根据权利要求 19所述的辅助轮, 其中, 所述锁块与所述锁柱的接触面 以及所述锁块与所述自锁罩的接触面形成的夹角小于等于所述锁块分别相对于 所述锁柱的接触面以及所述自锁罩的接触面的摩擦角之和。
21. 根据权利要求 19或 20所述的辅助轮, 其中, 所述第一锁固组件还包 括凸轮杆, 该凸轮杆的一端为手柄, 另一端为凸轮, 该凸轮与自锁罩铰接且与 压盖接触, 所述凸轮杆能够在锁定位置和脱开位置之间活动, 所述凸轮杆位于 所述锁定位置时, 所述自锁罩的锥面压紧所述锁块而嵌入所述环状锁沟中, 所 述凸轮杆位于所述脱开位置时, 所述自锁罩被抬起使得所述锁块脱离所述环状 锁沟。
22. 根据权利要求 1至 21中任一项所述的辅助轮, 其中, 所述轮胎包括: 外胎, 以及固定在该外胎上且从该外胎的外表面伸出的防滑钉;
优选地, 所述轮胎还包括隔离部件, 所述隔离部件布置在轮胎的内胎与外 胎之间。
23. 根据权利要求 22所述的辅助轮, 其中, 所述轮胎还包括固定在外胎中 的防滑钉座, 多个所述防滑钉集成在基板上, 该基板上具有通孔且套接在该防 滑釘座上而相对于该防滑钉座可滑动。
24. 一种在安装根据权利要求 1-23中任一项所述的辅助轮时使用的无助力 千斤顶, 包括旋转连接的爬块和支块, 所述爬块和支块具有共同的支撑底面, 且爬块具有供所述辅助轮爬升的斜坡。
25. 一种用于开启和锁定根据权利要求 13所述的辅助轮所釆用的自锁装置 的设备, 其特征在于, 该设备为长条形, 其一端为开启端, 用于开启自锁装置; 而另一端为锁止端, 用于锁止自锁装置;
其中, 在开启端并排设有两个弯钩, 用于勾住所述基座上的固定部分以使 所述设备关于该固定部分旋转; 在这两个弯钩之间设有两个凸起, 用于在旋转 时下压所述锁块; 该锁止端具有凹口, 用于连接所述扳柄而转动所述板轮。
26. 一种用于开启和锁定根据权利要求 7 所述的辅助轮所采用的自锁装置 的设备, 其特征在于, 该设备为长条形, 两端各具有一对爪, 其中一对爪之间 的间隔不同于另一对爪之间的间隔。
27. 一种用于开启和锁定根据权利要求 7 所述的辅助轮所采用的自锁装置 的设备, 其特征在于, 该设备为长条形, 其一端具有两对弧形爪, 这两对弧形 爪两两相对, 构成带缺口的大致圓形, 其中一对弧形爪之间的间隔不同于另一 对弧形爪之间的间隔。
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CA2823968C (en) 2016-01-12
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BR112013017346A2 (pt) 2017-01-31
AU2012204958A1 (en) 2013-08-22
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CA2823968A1 (en) 2012-07-12
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ZA201305061B (en) 2014-11-26
KR20130114231A (ko) 2013-10-16
JP2014503773A (ja) 2014-02-13
US20140286730A1 (en) 2014-09-25
US9404522B2 (en) 2016-08-02
WO2012092856A1 (zh) 2012-07-12
AP2013006975A0 (en) 2013-07-31

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