WO2012083844A1 - 传输组播数据的方法、组播树的更新方法以及系统和装置 - Google Patents
传输组播数据的方法、组播树的更新方法以及系统和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012083844A1 WO2012083844A1 PCT/CN2011/084296 CN2011084296W WO2012083844A1 WO 2012083844 A1 WO2012083844 A1 WO 2012083844A1 CN 2011084296 W CN2011084296 W CN 2011084296W WO 2012083844 A1 WO2012083844 A1 WO 2012083844A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/30—Resource management for broadcast services
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/02—Buffering or recovering information during reselection ; Modification of the traffic flow during hand-off
- H04W36/026—Multicasting of data during hand-off
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/40—Connection management for selective distribution or broadcast
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
- H04W36/0011—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off for data sessions of end-to-end connection
- H04W36/0016—Hand-off preparation specially adapted for end-to-end data sessions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/12—Reselecting a serving backbone network switching or routing node
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/34—Modification of an existing route
- H04W40/36—Modification of an existing route due to handover
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of mobile communications technologies, and in particular, to a method for transmitting multicast data, a method for updating a multicast tree, and a system and apparatus.
- Background Art In recent years, the maturity of wireless technologies has led more and more people to connect to networks through wireless devices, and hopes to be able to access the network anytime and anywhere. Supporting mobile communication has become an inevitable requirement for network development. A large amount of research has focused on how the network provides support for mobile. Among them, IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force, Internet Engineering Task Force) PMIPv6 (Proxy Mobile IPv6) acts as a kind of The local mobility management technology transfers the mobility management function from the terminal side to the network side. The network is responsible for managing IP mobility on behalf of the host.
- the mobile entity in the network is responsible for tracking the movement of the host and initializing the required mobile signal transmission.
- PMIPv6 realizes the IP (Internet Protocol) mobility of the host without requiring the host to participate in any mobility-related signal transmission, thereby greatly reducing the burden on the terminal and facilitating centralized control.
- Multicast is a point-to-multipoint information transmission method that requires data to be simultaneously transmitted from one source node to multiple destination nodes.
- the destination node constitutes a specific set of nodes, called groups or groups.
- multicast technology has the advantages of high network utilization, reduced network congestion, resource saving, and scalability, it has played a big role in new network applications such as video conferencing, file distribution, real-time information distribution, and IP TV. effect.
- a typical mobile IPTV (Interactive Personality TV) application a large number of users can obtain audio/video stream data distributed by the network through multicast technology.
- the traditional multicast protocol is based on a fixed network and wired communication methods, which cannot meet the mobility requirements.
- the mobile multicast architecture not only handles dynamic changes in the location of mobile hosts, but also handles dynamically changing group memberships in multicast groups.
- the multicast architecture in the mobile environment needs to meet the following requirements: Ensure seamless continuity of multicast conversations when switching nodes; Ensure optimal routing of data packets; Support flow switching in multicast communication (different flows have Different characteristics and identification); Avoid multicast solution specialization (only support multicast, not support unicast); Can handle packet loss, duplicate copy; Multicast data stream dynamically adapts to current network Condition (adjust the transmission rate, etc.); easy to deploy; speed up the convergence speed of routing protocols, etc.
- the IETF working group is still in the initial stage of research on supporting multicast source mobility, and proposes a scheme to support multicast source mobility in PMIPv6.
- This scheme proposes a method of RPT (Rendezvous Point Tree, Support Shared Tree) and SPT (Shortest Path Tree) in PMIPv6.
- the scheme proposes to use the LM A (Local Mobility Anchor) as the RP (Rendezvous Point) to reply to the join message sent by the multicast receiving node when the multicast data is transmitted in the RPT mode.
- the multicast data is sent by the multicast source to the LMA, and then forwarded by the LMA to the multicast receiving node through the multicast tree.
- the shortest path tree between the LMA and the multicast receiving node does not need to be re-established, and the multicast tree is stable.
- this mode introduces a large delay and network burden.
- Step 101 Establish a link between the mobile access gateway MAG1 and the multicast source MN.
- Step 102 After determining that the multicast source MN is connected, the MAG1 sends the extended PBU message to the LMA to establish a bidirectional tunnel between the MAG1 and the LM A.
- step 102 after receiving the PBU message, the LMA parses the extended information included in the PUB message and returns the multicast join message.
- Step 103 The multicast data is sent by the multicast source MN to the LMA according to the basic manner defined in PMIPv6.
- an SPT is established between the LMA and the multicast receiving node, and the multicast data is transmitted between the LMA and the multicast receiving node according to the multicast routing protocol.
- Step 104 The multicast source MN moves to the MAG2, and the multicast source MN sends the multicast related information to the MAG2 through the RS message.
- Step 105 Update the bidirectional tunnel between the LMA and the MAG2.
- the process of updating the bidirectional tunnel between the LMA and the MAG2 does not affect the SPT between the LMA and the multicast receiver.
- the multicast source MN switches, the multicast data continues to be transmitted.
- the movement of the multicast source has no effect on the multicast receiver.
- the solution proposes that when the multicast data is transmitted by using the SPT mode, the multicast source replies to the join message sent by the multicast receiving node, and directly establishes the shortest path multicast tree from the multicast source to the multicast receiving node, and the multicast data is multicast.
- the source is sent directly to the multicast receiving node through the established multicast tree.
- the network delay is relatively small, but it causes the router to overburden the storage and the multicast tree is unstable.
- multicast The tree needs to be updated frequently.
- Step 201 Establish a link between the MAG1 and the multicast source MN.
- Step 202 After determining that the multicast source MN is connected, the MAG1 sends the extended PBU message to the LMA to establish a bidirectional tunnel between the MAG1 and the LM A.
- the LMA parses the extended information included in the PBU message, but does not reply to the multicast join message.
- Step 203 The multicast data is sent by the multicast source MN to the LMA according to the basic manner defined in the PMIPv6.
- step 203 when the LMA redirects the multicast join message to the multicast source MN, the SPT between the multicast source and the multicast receiving node starts to be established, and the next multicast data is grouped according to the optimized path. Transmission between the broadcast source and the multicast receiving node.
- Step 204 After the multicast source MN moves to the MAG2, the multicast source MN sends the multicast related information to the MAG2 through the RS message.
- Step 205 Update a bidirectional tunnel between the LMA and the MAG2.
- step 205 when updating the bidirectional tunnel between the LMA and the MAG2, the SPT between the multicast source and the multicast receiving node needs to be updated because the root node of the multicast tree moves to a different location.
- the SPT is used to establish a shortest path multicast tree between the multicast source and the multicast receiving node.
- the RPT is used as the aggregation node, and the shortest path multicast tree is established between the LMA and the multicast receiving node.
- a disadvantage of the prior art is that the fast switching of the multicast source cannot be supported.
- the multicast source has a large delay when switching between two MAGs in the PMIPv6 domain.
- the existing solution stipulates that when the multicast source moves from the old MAG (that is, the MAGI) to the new MAG (that is, the MAG2), a series of processes such as binding update and authentication between the multicast source and the MAG2 are required.
- the multicast tree reconstruction process also needs to be performed. After these processes are completed, the multicast data can be distributed, which will cause the multicast service to be interrupted for a long time. Due to the one-to-many nature of multicast services, the switching delay of the multicast source will affect all users in the group.
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for transmitting multicast data, a method for updating a multicast tree, and a system.
- the system and the device reduce the delay of the multicast service interruption caused by the switching between the multicast source and the mobile access gateway, and ensure the real-time performance of the multicast service in the PMIPv6 system.
- a method for transmitting multicast data including:
- the first mobile access gateway MAG receives a handover advance message sent by the multicast source before the first MAG is switched to the second MAG; the handover notice message carries the identifier information of the second MAG;
- the first MAG establishes a bidirectional tunnel with the second MAG according to the identifier of the second MAG carried in the handover notice message;
- a method for updating a multicast tree including:
- the Join message is generated for generating the multicast tree, and the address information of the second MAG carried in the data packet is carried in the Join message.
- the second multicast node that receives the Join message updates the multicast route according to the address information of the second MAG carried in the Join message, and continues to forward the Join message until the group has been updated according to the address information of the second MAG.
- the multicast node after the broadcast is received by the multicast node.
- a system for transmitting multicast data including:
- a multicast source a first mobile access gateway MAG, and a second MAG;
- the multicast source is used to send a handover notice message to the first MAG before being switched from the currently accessed first MAG to the second MAG; the handover notice message carries the identifier information of the second MAG ;
- the first MAG is configured to establish a bidirectional tunnel with the second MAG according to the identifier of the second MAG that is carried in the handover advance message sent by the multicast source, and according to the determined switch group
- the broadcast mode and the established two-way tunnel, the multicast data from the multicast source is multicast, wherein the post-switching multicast mode is a group that is used after the multicast source is switched to the second MAG. Broadcast mode.
- an apparatus for transmitting multicast data including:
- the handover notice message receiving unit is configured to receive a handover notice message sent before the multicast source switches from the currently accessed first mobile access gateway MAG to the second MAG, where the handover notice message carries the identifier information of the second MAG ;
- a tunnel establishing unit configured to establish a bidirectional tunnel with the second MAG according to the identifier of the second MAG carried in the handover notice message received by the handover notice message receiving unit;
- a multicast data transmission unit configured to multicast multicast data from the multicast source according to the determined post-switching multicast mode and the bidirectional tunnel established by the tunnel establishing unit, where the handover multicast Mode is the multicast source Switching to the multicast mode used after the second MAG.
- a multicast tree update system including:
- a first multicast node configured to receive a data packet sent by the first mobile access gateway MAG, and after determining that the data packet carries a multicast source switching indication, construct a join message for generating a multicast tree, and The address information of the second MAG carried in the data packet is carried in the Join message;
- the second multicast node is configured to receive the Join message forwarded by the first multicast node, update the multicast route according to the address information of the second MAG carried in the Join message, and continue to forward the Join message until The multicast node that updates the multicast route according to the address information of the second MAG receives the Join message.
- the first MAG receives the handover advance notice message that is sent by the multicast source and includes the second MAG identifier, and establishes the second MAG identifier according to the second MAG identifier included in the handover notice message.
- the handover advertisement message is sent before the multicast source is switched from the currently accessed first MAG to the second MAG, and the binding update is performed between the multicast source and the second MAG by establishing a bidirectional tunnel in advance.
- the first MAG can transmit multicast data through the established bidirectional tunnel, thereby reducing the multicast service interruption delay caused by the switching of the multicast source between the MAGs, and ensuring the multicast in the PMIPv6 system. Real-time and continuity of business.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of switching a multicast source into a ⁇ domain in an RPT mode provided by the prior art
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart of switching a multicast source into a ⁇ domain in an SPT mode provided by the prior art
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for transmitting multicast data according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of establishing a bidirectional tunnel between MAG1 and MAG2 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a basic message format of an HI message defined in the prior art
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a basic message format of an extended HI message according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a format of a multicast source switching option according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a basic message format of a HAck message defined in the prior art
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a message format of an extended HAck message according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart of transmitting multicast data in an RPT mode according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart of an SPT according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention and does not update multicast data in a multicast tree mode
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of transmitting STP in a SPT and a multicast tree pre-update mode according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a multicast tree when a multicast source is moved from an access point 1 to an access point 2 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 14 is a multicast tree update according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart of updating a multicast route according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a format of an IPv6 hop-by-hop option header according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a format of a multicast source switching option according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart of further updating a multicast router according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a first schematic diagram of an apparatus for transmitting multicast data according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a second schematic diagram of an apparatus for transmitting multicast data according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a third schematic diagram of an apparatus for transmitting multicast data according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a system for transmitting multicast data according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of a multicast tree update system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- the present invention provides a method for transmitting multicast data, a method for updating a multicast tree, a system, and a device, in order to provide an implementation solution for ensuring real-time and continuity of multicast services in a PMIPv6 system.
- the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the preferred embodiments described herein are intended to illustrate and explain the invention. And in the case of no conflict, the features of the embodiments and the embodiments in the present application can be combined with each other.
- the first embodiment of the present invention first provides a method for transmitting multicast data, which can solve the problem that the multicast interrupt is too long when the mobile multicast source switches between two MAGs in the PMIPv6 system, so as to achieve For the purpose of restoring the multicast service in a small time delay, the first embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for updating a multicast tree, which solves the problem of pre-updating the SPT when the multicast source moves in the PMIPv6. Under the premise that the broadcast receiver is transparent, the purpose of pre-updating the SPT before the completion of the multicast source switching is achieved.
- the present invention can be applied to the scenario in which the multicast source MN is switched in the same PMIPv6 system. For example, the multicast source MN is moved from the currently accessed MAG1 to the MAG2 in the same PMIPv6 domain.
- the post-switching multicast mode in the embodiment of the present invention.
- the multicast mode after the handover is the multicast source MN.
- the embodiments of the present invention provide three types of post-switching multicast modes, and the three types of post-switching multicast modes are:
- the multicast source MN uses the RPT mode to transmit multicast data when accessing MAG1. That is, the LMA is used as the RP.
- the multicast data is first sent to the LMA and then transmitted by the LMA to each multicast receiver.
- the RPT mode is still required. That is, the multicast mode used after the multicast source MN accesses MAG2 is RPT mode. In this mode, MAG1 needs to pass the RP address to MAG2. MAG2 needs to construct a path to the RP.
- the multicast data can be forwarded through the bidirectional tunnel established between the MAG1 and the MAG2, that is, the multicast data is sent to the multicast receiver.
- the path that the multicast receives when receiving the node is:
- Source ⁇ MAG2 ⁇ LMA (RP) ⁇ Multicast tree is transmitted to the multicast receiving node.
- the multicast source MN accesses MAG1, it uses SPT mode to transmit multicast data. If the multicast source MN moves faster (for example, greater than the set threshold), the multicast source MN switches to MAG2. After that, the SPT mode needs to continue to transmit multicast data, but the multicast tree does not need to be updated.
- the post-switching multicast mode is called SPT and does not update the multicast tree mode.
- the bidirectional tunnel between the MAG1 and the MAG2 can be forwarded, that is, the multicast data is before and after the multicast source establishes a connection with the MAG2 and completes the binding update process.
- the path that is sent to the multicast receiving node corresponding to the multicast receiver is:
- the tunnel between the MAG1 and the MAG2 is not revoked as the multicast source establishes a connection with the MAG2 and the binding update is completed.
- the data sent by the multicast source to the outside world is always passed.
- the bidirectional tunnel is transmitted to the multicast receiving node. ⁇ This mode can reduce the frequent demolition and construction of the multicast tree caused by the switching between the MAGs and the MNs, so as to avoid waste of network resources and improve multicast forwarding efficiency.
- the multicast source MN uses the SPT mode to transmit multicast data when accessing the MAG1. If the multicast source moves at a slower speed (for example, not greater than the set threshold), the multicast source MN switches to the MAG2. After that, the SPT mode needs to continue to transmit multicast data. In this case, the multicast tree needs to be pre-updated.
- the post-switching multicast mode is called SPT and the multicast tree pre-update mode. Style.
- the pre-updating process of the multicast tree mainly includes: MAG1 carries a multicast source switching option in the multicast data packet, and the option includes the multicast source switching indication and the address of the MAG2.
- the multicast source option notifies the router in the multicast tree of the upcoming multicast source switchover and the translated MAG2 address, thereby triggering the multicast tree.
- the old multicast tree refers to a multicast path established by the multicast source MN to transmit multicast data when it accesses MAG1.
- the multicast data is sent to the multicast receiving node through the new multicast tree.
- the new multicast tree refers to a multicast path established by the multicast source MN to transmit multicast data when it accesses MAG2.
- the multicast data can be forwarded through the bidirectional tunnel established between MAG1 and MAG2, that is, the multicast data is sent to
- the path that the multicast receiver receives when receiving the multicast receiver is:
- Source ⁇ MAG2 ⁇ MAGl ⁇ Multicast Tree (old multicast tree).
- the path that the multicast data is sent to the multicast receiver corresponding to the multicast receiver is:
- Source ⁇ MAG2 ⁇ Multicast Tree new multicast tree.
- the method for transmitting multicast data provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 3, which mainly includes the following steps, based on the post-switching multicast mode and the corresponding data transmission path.
- Step 301 The MAG1 receives the handover advertisement message sent by the MN from the currently accessed MAG1 to the MAG2, and the handover notice message carries the identifier information of the MAG2.
- Step 302 The MAG1 establishes a bidirectional relationship with the MAG2 according to the identifier of the MAG2 carried in the handover notice message! 3 ⁇ 4 way.
- Step 303 Multicast multicast data from the multicast source according to the determined post-switching multicast mode and the established bidirectional tunnel.
- the specific mode of transmitting the multicast data in the step 303 is different according to the determined mode of the multicast mode after the handover. The process will be described in detail in the following embodiments, and will not be described here.
- the above-mentioned process is mainly applied to the scenario in which the multicast source MN transmits multicast data when the MAG needs to be switched due to the mobile requirement. Specifically, when the multicast source MN needs to be switched from the MAG1 to the MAG2, a bidirectional tunnel needs to be established between the MAG1 and the MAG2.
- the process of establishing the bidirectional tunnel is as shown in FIG. 4, which mainly includes the following steps:
- Step 401 Before the handover occurs, the multicast source MN is connected to the MAG1, and the multicast data is transmitted according to the used multicast mode.
- the multicast data is transmitted in the RPT mode, the multicast data is sent by the multicast source MN to the MAG1, and then transmitted to the LMA (the LMA is used as an RP convergence point) and forwarded by the LMA to the multicast receiver;
- the multicast data is transmitted in the SPT mode, and the multicast data is directly forwarded by the multicast source to the multicast receiver according to the established SPT.
- Step 402 The multicast source MN determines that the handover is to be performed, and reports the ID of the multicast source MN to the MAG1 and the step 402 of the MAG2.
- the multicast source MN determines that the handover is about to occur, that is, determines that the MAG1 that is currently accessed is to be switched to the MAG2. That is, the multicast source MN moves from the coverage area of the network where MAG1 is located to the coverage area of the network where MAG2 is located.
- Step 403 The MAG1 sends an extended HI message (Handover Initiate Message) to the MAG2.
- the HI message sent by the MAG1 includes the indication information of the multicast source switching, the multicast source identifier, the indication information of the multicast mode after the handover, the multicast group address, and the multicast source home address. Further, when the multicast mode indicated by the HI message is in the RPT mode, the HI message further includes an RP address.
- Step 404 After receiving the HI message, the MAG2 sends a HAck message (Handover Acknowledge Message) to the MAG1.
- a HAck message (Handover Acknowledge Message)
- the HAck message includes an indication of whether the MAG2 accepts the multicast source handover.
- MAG2 may reject multicast source switching due to local policies, non-multicast source switching, and heavy load. If MAG2 agrees to the multicast source switchover, a bidirectional tunnel between MAG1 and MAG2 is established.
- the MAG2 may update the HI message included in the HI message according to the RP address sent by the HI message.
- the pre-update of the multicast path between the MAG2 and the LMA further shortens the multicast delay caused by the multicast source switching MAG.
- the HI message and the HAck message involved in the foregoing process are extended messages, and the following describes the extension manner of the HI message and the HAck message.
- the extended HI message of the present invention adds an indication bit for indicating that the current handover is a multicast handover and is a multicast source handover.
- the extended HI message also contains the identity of the multicast source MN and an extended Mobility options.
- the mobility options include: a post-switching multicast mode selection bit (corresponding to RPT mode, SPT and not updating the multicast tree mode and SPT and one of the multicast tree pre-update modes), multicast group address (optional), RP address ( Optional), multicast source home address (optional).
- RFC 5568 defines the FMIPv6 protocol for fast handover of unicast nodes.
- the protocol defines HI/HAck messages for establishing tunnels and transmission contexts between old access routers and new access routers, such as multicast. Source MN ID, Ipv4 home address, etc.
- the IETF Mipshop working group studied the fast switching scheme in PMIPv6.
- the FMIPv6 protocol is extended to redefine the HI/HAck message.
- the embodiment of the present invention further expands the HI/HAck message to implement the bidirectional tunnel between MAG1 and MAG2 in the embodiment of the present invention. purpose.
- the extension of the HI message and the HAck message is as follows:
- the HI message is sent by MAG1 to MAG2, which is used to initiate the handover process of the multicast source MN.
- the basic message format of the extended HI message is as shown in FIG. 6.
- the extended HI message adds a new flag bit, R, in the original HI message, and is in the Mobility Options.
- R a new flag bit
- M bit Indicates a mobile multicast switch request.
- R bit Indicates whether the switch is a multicast receiver or a multicast source.
- the Mobility options need to include the newly defined multicast source switching option, as shown in Figure 7, where , mainly includes the following fields:
- Option-Code used to indicate the multicast mode after handover. For example, it can be defined as: “0" means that the multicast mode after handover is RPT mode, " ⁇ , indicating that the multicast mode after handover is SPT and not Update the multicast tree mode, "2" indicates that the multicast mode after switching is SPT and the multicast tree pre-update mode; Multicast Address (multicast group address);
- Multicast Source Home Address which is the address used by the multicast source to send multicast packets.
- the HAck message is sent by MAG2 to MAG1 to reply to the HI message sent by MAG1.
- the basic message format of the extended HAck message is as shown in FIG. 9.
- the extended HAck message adds a new flag bit and R to the original HAck message, and is used to indicate the HI message.
- Reply The definitions of the M and R bits are the same as the definitions of M and R in the extended HI message, and are not described here.
- step 303 of the process of FIG. 3 according to the determined post-switching multicast mode and the established bidirectional tunnel, when multicast data from the multicast source is multicast, according to the determined post-switching multicast mode, the specific processing procedure
- the process is described in detail below for the three different multicast modes mentioned above.
- MAG1 In RPT mode, MAG1 needs to pass the RP address to MAG2, and MAG2 constructs the path to the RP.
- MAG2 In RPT mode, MAG1 needs to pass the RP address to MAG2, and MAG2 constructs the path to the RP.
- the multicast data is transmitted to the multicast receiving node through the path: Source (general source) ⁇ MAG2 ⁇ LMA (RP) ⁇ multicast tree.
- the multicast data transmission in the RPT mode mainly includes the following steps (the flow can be connected to the bidirectional tunnel establishment process described in Figure 4 above):
- Step 1001 The multicast source MN disconnects from the MAG1, and starts the handover process (that is, accesses to the MAG2).
- Step 1002 The multicast source MN is connected to the MAG2, and the multicast data is sent by the multicast source MN to the MAG2, and then transmitted to the old multicast tree through the bidirectional tunnel between the MAG2 and the MAG1, and sent through the old multicast tree. To the multicast receiver.
- the old multicast tree refers to the multicast path used to transmit multicast data when the multicast source MN accesses MAG1.
- Step 1003 The MAG2 sends an extended binding update message (PUB message) to the LMA according to an existing process, and updates.
- PUB message extended binding update message
- the tunnel between the MAG2 and the LMA is the RP that requests the LMA as the multicast source.
- Step 1004 The path update between the multicast source MN and the RP (LMA) is completed, and the multicast data starts to be forwarded along the path of the source (ie, multicast source MN) ⁇ MAG2 ⁇ LMA (RP) ⁇ multicast tree.
- Step 1005 The tunnel between the MAG2 and the MAGI is sent, and the MAG1 sends a PBU message to the LMA that is bound to the multicast source MN.
- the MAG1 passes the established bidirectional tunnel.
- the multicast data of the multicast source MN forwarded by the MAG2 is received, and the multicast data is transmitted according to the multicast path established when the multicast source accesses.
- the multicast data is transmitted between the MAG2 and the RP (LMA), and the bidirectional tunnel established between MAG1 and MAG2 is revoked. .
- the SPT does not update the multicast data in the multicast tree mode, and mainly includes the following steps (the flow can be connected to the bidirectional tunnel establishment process described in FIG. 4):
- Step 1101 The multicast source MN disconnects from the MAG1, and starts the handover process.
- Step 1102 The multicast source MN is connected to the MAG2, and the multicast data is sent by the multicast source MN to the MAG2, and then transmitted to the old multicast tree through the bidirectional tunnel between the MAG2 and the MAG1, and sent through the old multicast tree. To the multicast receiver.
- Step 1103 The MAG2 sends a PMIPv6 normal binding update message to the LMA to update the tunnel between the MAG2 and the LMA.
- the tunnel between MAG1 and MAG2 is not revoked, and the data sent from the multicast source to the outside world is always transmitted from the source (multicast source MN) ⁇ 02 ⁇ 01 ⁇ multicast tree path to the multicast receiving node.
- MAG1 is selected as the root node of the multicast tree and remains between the MAG of the latest access source MN. Establish a tunnel.
- the multicast source MN sends the switch again, that is, the MAG2 is switched to the MAG3, the multicast source MN notifies the MAG1 of the address of the MAG3, and the MAG1 re-establishes the bidirectional tunnel with the MAG3, and repeats the above process to transmit the multicast source MN forwarded by the MAG3.
- Multicast data After MAG1 establishes a bidirectional tunnel with MAG3, the bidirectional tunnel with MAG2 needs to be revoked.
- the SPT and the multicast tree pre-update mode transmit multicast data, which mainly includes the following steps (the flow can be connected to the bidirectional tunnel establishment process described in FIG. 4):
- Step 1201 The MAG1 initiates a process of pre-updating the multicast tree.
- the multicast tree pre-update process is described in detail in the following embodiments, and is not described here.
- Step 1202 The multicast source MN disconnects from the MAGI, and starts the handover process.
- Step 1203 The multicast source MN is connected to the MAG2, and the multicast data is sent by the multicast source MN to the MAG2, and then transmitted to the old multicast tree through the bidirectional tunnel between the MAG2 and the MAG1, and the old multicast tree is adopted. Send to the multicast receiver.
- Step 1204 The MAG2 sends a PMIPv6 normal binding update message to the LMA.
- Step 1205 The binding update of the multicast source MN and the update of the multicast tree are completed, and the multicast data starts to be forwarded along the new multicast tree.
- Step 1206 The tunnel between the MAG2 and the MAG1 is sent, and the MAG1 sends a PBU message to the LMA to be unbound to the multicast source MN.
- the MAG1 receives the data of the multicast source forwarded by the MAG2 through the established bidirectional tunnel, and establishes the data according to the multicast source.
- the multicast path multicasts the data.
- the pre-updating process of the multicast tree is performed.
- the new multicast path that is, the updated multicast tree
- the multicast tree pre-updating process is initiated by the MAG1 after receiving the HAck message sent by the MAG2.
- the MAG1 triggers the establishment of the multicast source to access the MAG2 and then uses the multicast source and the MAG2 address.
- the multicast path of the broadcast data triggers the multicast tree update process.
- the MAG1 carries the multicast source switching indication and the address information of the MAG2 in the data packet received by the bidirectional tunnel or the data packet directly sent by the multicast source, and according to the multicast path established when the multicast source accesses (ie, The old multicast tree) sends a packet carrying the multicast source switching indication and the address information of the MAG2.
- the multicast source switching indication and the address information of the MAG2 may be carried in the Ipv6 hop-by-hop option header of the data packet.
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for updating an SPT tree in a PMIPv6 environment.
- the multicast source is a multicast tree (ie, a multicast path) corresponding to when the access point 1 moves to the access point 2, where the path is: DR ⁇ Routerl corresponding to the access point 1.
- (Route 1) ⁇ Router2 ⁇ Router3 ⁇ DR which represents the multicast tree before the multicast source is switched, that is, the multicast path when the multicast source accesses the access point 1;
- Router2 ⁇ Router3 ⁇ DR which represents the pre-updated multicast tree, that is, the multicast source access point 2 After the multicast path.
- the routers associated with the multicast tree can be classified into the following four categories: 1. In the old multicast tree, but not in the new multicast tree, such as Router 1.
- the MAG1 after the MAG1 obtains the MAG2 consent message (HAck message) for supporting the multicast source handover, the MAG1 immediately starts the pre-update process of the multicast tree, and does not need to wait for the multicast source to establish a connection with the MAG2.
- the purpose of this is to be able to gain time to update the multicast tree as soon as possible and to reduce the time that the multicast source waits for the multicast tree to be updated.
- the update of the multicast tree is bound to affect the use of the old multicast tree.
- the new multicast tree will cause the old multicast tree to be discarded. This is not desirable for multicast fast handover, because in the process of pre-updating the multicast tree, we still want to use the old multicast tree to send multicast data, so as to reduce the pause delay of multicast service. .
- the present invention extends the state of the (S, G) route stored on the multicast router, so that the multicast route corresponding to each multicast source has two interfaces for receiving multicast data:
- Pre-switch interface pre-handover interface.
- the active interface is the interface that receives the multicast data before the switchover, that is, the RPF interface of the old access point MAG1 of the router to the multicast source.
- the old access point refers to the MAG1 that the multicast source MN accesses before the handover.
- the router always receives multicast data from the old multicast tree through this interface.
- the Pre-handover interface is the RPF interface of the new access point MAG2 from the router to the multicast source.
- the new access point refers to the MAG2 that the multicast source MN accesses after the handover.
- the pre-handover interface is set to null before the switch occurs. In the pre-update process, it is set to the RPF interface of the router to MAG2. When multicast data arrives through this interface, the new multicast tree is working. This interface is upgraded to Active interface.
- the leaf router that is, the multicast node in the multicast tree
- the IP address of the multicast source is unchanged, and the Join message is sent in the normal manner.
- the router needs to encapsulate the Join (S, G) message in the IP packet with the destination address of MAG2, and the option header of the IP packet also needs to carry the group.
- the hop-by-hop option header for the source switching option.
- the specific process of multicast tree update mainly includes the following steps:
- Step 1401 Before the handover starts, the Active interface of the (S, G) state in the multicast tree router is set to the path. From the RPF interface of the old access point MAG1 to the multicast source, the pre-handover interface is set to null.
- Step 1402 The MAG1 initiates a multicast tree pre-updating process, and adds the extended multicast source switching option of the present invention to the Ipv6 hop-by-hop option header of the multicast data, where the option includes a multicast source switching indication and a multicast source to be accessed. The address of MAG2.
- step 1402 the extended multicast source switching option will be described in detail later, and will not be described here.
- Step 1403 When the data packet with the multicast source switching option reaches the first multicast node, the first multicast node constructs a Join message for generating the multicast tree, and the address information of the MAG2 carried in the data packet. Carrying is forwarded in the Join message.
- Step 1404 The second multicast node that receives the Join message updates the multicast route according to the address information of the MAG2 carried in the Join message, and continues to forward the Join message until the new multicast tree is successfully added, that is, according to the address of the MAG2.
- the multicast node after the information update multicast route receives the Join message.
- the MAG2 processes the Join message instead of the multicast source MN, and the specific processing complies with the PIM-SM protocol (ie, RFC4601). Content), will not be described in detail here.
- a multicast tree rooted at the new multicast source access point MAG2 is pre-established in the network.
- all routers (S, G) are in the state.
- the pre-handover interface is set to the RPF interface of the new access point MAG2 of the router to the multicast source.
- the first multicast node carries the address information of the MAG2 in the Join message, and the process is as follows:
- the first multicast node encapsulates the Join message in a data packet with the address of the MAG2 as the destination address, and carries the multicast source switching indication in the data packet;
- the data packet carrying the multicast source switching indication is forwarded according to the set upstream neighbor router address.
- the second multicast node that receives the Join message updates the multicast route according to the address information of the MAG2 carried in the Join message, that is, according to the address information of the MAG2 carried in the Join message.
- the Pre-handover Interface in the broadcast routing state is set to the RPF interface of MAG2.
- the process of updating the multicast route is as shown in FIG. 15, and includes the following steps:
- Step 1501 The second multicast node parses the multicast source switching option in the option header of the Ipv6 packet, and obtains the address of the MAG2 carried in the packet.
- Step 1502 The second multicast node determines whether there is a multicast routing state corresponding to the multicast service. If yes, go to step 1503. If no, go to step 1504.
- Step 1503 Set the Pre-handover Interface in the multicast routing state corresponding to the multicast service to the RPF interface of the MAG2, and keep the state of the Active Interface unchanged.
- Step 1504 Create a multicast routing state corresponding to the multicast service, and set the state of the Pre-handover Interface to the RPF interface of the MAG2, and set the state of the Active Interface to null.
- the second multicast node continues to forward the Join packet to the upstream direction of the MAG2. Specifically, when forwarding the Join packet, it is forwarded according to the set upstream neighbor router address.
- the extended multicast source switching option involved in the process of Figure 14 is carried in the option header of the IP data packet.
- the IPv6 hop-by-hop option header is defined by RFC 2460, and its format is as shown in Figure 16, in the options (options).
- the present invention defines the following new options:
- the multicast source switching option indicates that the multicast source is about to be switched, and includes the address of the new access point MAG2 of the multicast source.
- the multicast source switching option defined in the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 17, where:
- H indicates a multicast source switching indication
- New access point's Address indicates the address of the new access point MAG2 of the multicast source.
- the multicast data is maintained through the old multicast tree to the multicast receiving node.
- the multicast source completes the binding update operation on MAG2
- the multicast data starts to be forwarded along the new multicast tree, that is, it starts to reach each router from the pre-handover interface interface of the (S, G) state.
- Step 1801 Determine whether the Active Interface state in the multicast routing state is empty. If yes, go to step 1804. If no, go to step 1802.
- the determination result is yes, it corresponds to the above-mentioned Type of Router4, that is, the route that is not in the old multicast tree but in the new multicast tree.
- Step 1802 Determine whether the Active Interface and the Pre-handover Interface in the multicast routing state are the same. If yes, go to step 1804. If no, go to step 1803.
- the router type corresponding to the foregoing that is, the route in the old multicast tree and in the new multicast tree
- the corresponding Router2 Type that is, the route in the old multicast tree and also in the new multicast tree.
- Step 1803 Send a prune message to the Active Interface, and cut the router from the multicast tree.
- Step 1804 Set the state of the Active Interface according to the state of the Pre-handover Interface, and set the state of the Pre-handover Interface to null. At this point, the alternate work of the old and new multicast trees is completed, and the multicast data is forwarded along the new multicast tree.
- the second multicast node After the second multicast node updates the multicast route according to the address information of the MAG2 carried in the Join message, the second multicast node determines the Active Interface state or Active Interface after receiving the data through the Pre-handover Interface for the first time.
- the Pre-handover Interface is the same, the Pre-handover Interface is upgraded to Active Interface (that is, the state of the Active Interface is set according to the state of the Pre-handover Interface), and the state of the Pre-handover Interface is set to null.
- the MAG1 (the MAG accessed before the multicast source switching), the MAG2 (the MAG accessed after the multicast source switching), and the multicast router in the pre-update process of the multicast tree are required to be performed.
- the corresponding improvements, specifically, the operations on MAG1, MAG2, and the multicast router are as follows:
- the operation on MAG1 mainly includes the following aspects:
- the MAG1 After receiving the handover notice message sent by the multicast source MN, the MAG1 extracts the ID of the multicast source MN and the ID of the MAG2. Determine the multicast mode after the multicast source is switched, and prepare the multicast group address, RP address (when RPT mode is selected), and multicast source home address for transmission.
- the MAG1 sends the extended HI message to the MAG2.
- the extended HI message also contains the ID of the multicast source MN and an extended mobility option.
- the extended mobility options include: multicast mode selection bits after switching, multicast group address, RP address (when RPT mode is selected), and multicast source home address.
- the MAG1 receives the notification from the MAG2, and revokes the bidirectional tunnel from the MAG1 to the MAG2, and sends a PBU message to the LMA.
- SPT does not update the multicast tree mode:
- the tunnel between MAG1 and MAG2 is not revoked, and the data sent from the multicast source to the outside world is maintained at 30 ⁇ 02 ⁇ 01 ⁇ the path of the multicast tree is transmitted to the multicast receiving node. .
- MAG1 is the root node of the multicast tree and maintains a tunnel with the latest access point MAG2 of the multicast source MN.
- the multicast source MN moves for the second time and the third time, it notifies the MAGI of the address of the next access point through the existing tunnel, and the MAG1 cyclically establishes its new connection to the multicast source MN.
- the tunnel between the inbound MAGs the multicast data is transmitted to the MAG1 through the new tunnel, and then transmitted to the multicast tree.
- the tunnel between MAG1 and the access point of the multicast source MN is revoked.
- MAG1 initiates the process of pre-updating the multicast tree. It broadcasts data to
- the Ipv6 hop-by-hop option header adds the extended multicast source switching option of the present invention, including multicast source switching indication and multicast.
- MAG1 receives the notification from MAG2, revokes the bidirectional tunnel from MAG1 to MAG2, and sends a PBU message to the LMA that is bound to the multicast source MN.
- the operation on MAG2 mainly includes the following aspects:
- the MAG2 receives the HI message sent by the MAG1, determines the current handover to the multicast source by parsing the HI message, and extracts the post-switching multicast mode information, the multicast group address, and the RP address (selecting the RPT mode). Time), multicast source home address and other information. According to the local policy, whether to support the multicast source switching, whether the load is too heavy, etc. decide whether to accept the handover.
- MAG2 After the multicast source MN is connected to MAG2, MAG2 receives the multicast data sent by the multicast source, and then transmits it to MAG1 through the bidirectional tunnel between MAG2 and MAG1.
- the MAG2 In the RPT mode, the MAG2 sends an extended binding update message to the LMA, requesting the LMA to act as the RP of the multicast source. After the binding update process is completed, MAG2 notifies MAG1 to stop the forwarding of multicast data and revoke the bidirectional tunnel from MAG1 to MAG2.
- MAG2 sends a PMIPv6 normal binding update message to the LMA.
- the multicast source is fast, the tunnel between MAG1 and MAG2 is not revoked, and the data sent from the multicast source to the outside world is always transmitted to the multicast receiving node in the source->MAG2->MAGl->multicast tree. .
- the MAG2 notifies the MAG1 of the address of the new access point MAG that the multicast source MN moves again through the tunnel between the MAG1 and the MAG2. After the tunnel of the MAG1 and the new access point MAG is established, The tunnel between MAG1 and MAG2 is currently revoked.
- MAG2 sends PMIPv6 normal binding update message to LMAJ. During the multicast tree update process, it receives a special Join message. If the multicast source MN is not connected to MAG2 at this time, MAG2 replaces the multicast source MN to process the Join message. After the multicast tree is updated, the multicast data is forwarded along the new multicast tree. MAG2 notifies MAG1 to stop forwarding multicast data and revoke the bidirectional tunnel from MAG1 to MAG2.
- the multicast router pre-update process in the multicast router mainly includes the following aspects
- the active interface of the (S, G) state in the multicast tree router is set to the RPF interface of the access point MAG1 from the router to the multicast source, and the pre-handover interface is set to null.
- the leaf node router When the leaf node router (corresponding to the multicast node) receives the multicast data with the multicast source switching option sent by the MAG1, it needs to parse the multicast source switching option, extract the address of the MAG2, and construct the Join ( S, G) message, the Join (S, G) message is encapsulated in the IP data packet with the MAG2 as the destination address, and the IPv6 hop-by-hop option header of the IP data packet carries the multicast source switching option. Finally, it sends the Join message encapsulated in the IP packet to the direction of MAG2. (3) After receiving the Join message encapsulated in the IP packet, the router updates the multicast route.
- a multicast tree rooted at the new multicast source access point MAG2 is pre-established in the network.
- all routers S The pre-handover interface of the state of G, is set to the RPF interface of the new access point MAG2 of the router to the multicast source.
- the multicast data After MAG2 completes the binding update and other operations, the multicast data starts to be forwarded along the new multicast tree, that is, it starts to reach each router from the pre-handover interface interface of the (S, G) state.
- the router needs to forward the multicast data according to the new path.
- the second embodiment of the present invention provides a device for transmitting multicast data.
- the device includes: a handover notice message receiving unit 1901, a tunnel establishing unit 1902, and a multicast data transmission unit 1903;
- the handover notice message receiving unit 1901 is configured to receive a handover notice message sent before the multicast source is switched from the currently accessed first mobile access gateway MAG to the second MAG; the handover notice message carries the identifier information of the second MAG;
- the tunnel establishing unit 1902 is configured to establish a bidirectional tunnel with the second MAG according to the identifier of the second MAG carried in the handover notice message received by the handover notice message receiving unit 1901.
- the multicast data transmission unit 1903 is configured to: multicast the multicast data from the multicast source according to the determined bidirectional tunnel mode and the bidirectional tunnel established by the tunnel establishing unit 1902, where the post-switching multicast mode is the group.
- the multicast mode used after the broadcast source switches to the second MAG.
- the device shown in FIG. 19 includes a tunnel establishing unit 1902, specifically configured to:
- the device shown in FIG. 19 includes a tunnel establishing unit 1902, specifically configured to:
- an HI message including indication information of the multicast source handover, a multicast source identifier, and indication information of the post-switching multicast mode.
- the device shown in FIG. 19 includes a tunnel establishing unit 1902, specifically configured to:
- the device shown in FIG. 19 includes a multicast data transmission unit 1903, which is specifically configured to:
- the multicast mode after the handover is the RPT mode
- the multicast mode used by the multicast source to access the first MAG is SPT mode and determining that the moving speed of the multicast source is greater than a set threshold, determining that the multicast mode after the switch is SPT and does not update the multicast Tree mode
- the multicast mode used by the multicast source to access the first MAG is SPT mode and determining that the moving speed of the multicast source is not greater than a set threshold, determining that the multicast mode after the handover is SPT and the multicast tree Pre-update mode.
- the apparatus shown in FIG. 19 includes a multicast data transmission unit 1903, which is specifically configured to:
- the first MAG is used before the multicast path is established after the multicast source accesses the second MAG. Receiving, by the established bidirectional tunnel, data of the multicast source that is forwarded by the second MAG, and multicasting data according to the multicast path established when the multicast source is accessed;
- the first MAG receives the data of the multicast source forwarded by the second MAG through the established bidirectional tunnel, and accesses according to the multicast source, after the determined switch mode is the SPT and the multicast tree mode is not updated.
- the multicast path established at this time multicasts the data.
- the apparatus shown in FIG. 19 may further include:
- the multicast tree update control unit 1904 is configured to: after receiving the HAck message sent by the second MAG, after the determined handover mode, the multicast mode is SPT and the multicast tree pre-update mode, The multicast path and the address of the second MAG trigger the establishment of a multicast path for the multicast data after the multicast source accesses the second MAG.
- the apparatus shown in FIG. 20 includes a multicast tree update control unit 1904, specifically configured to:
- the data packet sent by the multicast source carries the multicast source switching indication and the address information of the second MAG, and is sent to the multicast node on the multicast path according to the multicast path established when the multicast source is accessed.
- a multicast source switching indication and a data packet of the address information of the second MAG are included in the multicast source.
- the apparatus shown in FIG. 20 includes a multicast tree update control unit 1904, specifically configured to:
- the multicast source switching indication and the address information of the second MAG are carried in the Ipv6 hop-by-hop option header of the data packet sent by the multicast source.
- the apparatus shown in FIG. 19 may further include:
- the tunnel revocation unit 1905 is configured to complete the multicast path establishment of the multicast data after the multicast source accesses the second MAG, when the determined multicast mode is the RPT mode or the SPT and the multicast tree pre-update mode. Afterwards, the bidirectional tunnel revocation indication sent by the second MAG is received, and the bidirectional tunnel with the second MAG is revoked according to the revocation indication.
- the above-mentioned means for transmitting multicast data includes only the logical division according to the functions implemented by the apparatus. In practical applications, the superposition or splitting of the above units may be performed.
- the function implemented by the device provided in this embodiment is in one-to-one correspondence with the method for transmitting multicast data provided in the first embodiment. The more detailed processing flow implemented by the device is already in the first embodiment of the foregoing method. A detailed description will not be described in detail here.
- a third embodiment of the present invention provides a system for transmitting multicast data.
- the system mainly includes: a multicast source 2201, a first mobile access gateway MAG 2202, and a second MAG 2203;
- the multicast source 2201 is configured to send to the first MAG before switching from the currently accessed first MAG to the second MAG.
- the handover advance notice message carries the identifier information of the second MAG 2203;
- a first MAG 2202 configured to establish a bidirectional tunnel with the second MAG 2203 according to the identifier of the second MAG 2203 carried in the handover advance message sent by the multicast source 2201; and establish a post-switching multicast mode and establish The two-way tunnel, multicasting multicast data from the multicast source, where the multicast mode after switching is the multicast source switching to the second MAG
- the multicast mode used after 2203.
- the function implemented by the first MAG included in the system for transmitting multicast data corresponds to the apparatus for transmitting multicast data provided in Embodiment 2, and a more detailed processing flow implemented by the first MAG is It has been described in detail in the above second embodiment, and will not be described in detail herein.
- a fourth embodiment of the present invention provides a system for updating a multicast tree.
- the system mainly includes: a first multicast node 2301 and a second multicast node 2302;
- the first multicast node 2301 is configured to receive a data packet sent by the first mobile access gateway MAG, and after determining that the data packet carries the multicast source switching indication, construct a join message for generating a multicast tree, and The address information of the second MAG carried in the data packet is carried in the Join message.
- the second multicast node 2302 is configured to receive the Join message forwarded by the first multicast node 2301, update the multicast route according to the address information of the second MAG carried in the Join message, and continue to forward the Join message until the second MAG is After the multicast information is updated, the multicast node receives the Join message.
- the system shown in FIG. 23 includes a first multicast node 2301, specifically configured to: Encapsulating the Join message in the data packet with the address of the second MAG as the destination address, and carrying the multicast source switching indication in the data packet, and forwarding the data packet carrying the multicast source switching indication according to the set upstream neighbor router address .
- the second multicast node included in the system shown in FIG. 4 In a preferred embodiment provided by Embodiment 4 of the present invention, the second multicast node included in the system shown in FIG.
- the pre-handover interface in the multicast routing state corresponding to the multicast service is set to the reverse path forwarding RPF interface of the second MAG according to the address information of the second MAG carried in the Join message.
- the system shown in FIG. 23 includes a second multicast node 2302, specifically configured to:
- Interface is set to the RPF interface of the second MAG
- the multicast routing state is created, and the state of the Pre-handover Interface in the multicast routing state is set to the RPF interface of the second MAG, and the multicast is The status of the data receiving interface Active Interface in the routing state is set to null.
- the second multicast node included in the system shown in FIG. 4 In a preferred embodiment provided by Embodiment 4 of the present invention, the second multicast node included in the system shown in FIG.
- the Active Interface state in the multicast routing state is determined to be empty or Active Interface and Pre-handover.
- the status of the Active Interface is set according to the state of the Pre-handover Interface, and the status of the Pre-handover Interface is set to null.
- the MAG1 is initiated by the extended handover.
- HI the handover acknowledgement
- HAck the handover acknowledgement
- the multicast data is transmitted to the original multicast tree through the multicast source ⁇ MAG2 ⁇ MAG1 path, and then forwarded to the multicast receiving node. In this way, the pause time of the multicast service is minimized.
- the multicast source establishes a connection with MAG2, the multicast service can be restored.
- the delay of the multicast source switching is: The time when the multicast source moves and connects to the MAG2.
- the handover delay of the multicast source is only: The time when the multicast source MN moves and connects to MAG2. It can be seen that the solution effectively reduces the handover delay of the multicast source, and achieves the purpose of restoring the multicast service in the smallest possible delay.
- the SPT and multicast tree update mode since the pre-upgrade of the multicast tree is started at the beginning of the handover, this also effectively reduces the time when the multicast source waits for the multicast tree reconstruction. Between.
- the present invention supplements the prior art post-switching multicast mode.
- the present invention defines three post-switching multicast modes: RPT mode, SPT and does not update the multicast tree mode and SPT and the multicast tree pre-update mode.
- RPT mode RPT mode
- SPT SPT
- SPT SPT
- SPT SPT
- SPT SPT
- SPT SPT
- SPT SPT
- SPT SPT
- multicast tree pre-update mode Each mode captures different switching modes for different real-world situations, which makes it more realistic and more usable, avoiding waste of network resources and excessive delay of multicast services.
- the present invention also defines a method for pre-updating the SPT, starting the pre-updating work of the multicast tree before the handover of the mobile node, pre-establishing the multicast tree, and reducing the time required for updating the multicast tree. Delay. Moreover, the process of pre-updating the multicast tree does not affect the old multicast tree, and the old multicast tree is used to forward data.
- the invention overcomes the problem that the RPF detection fails in the case that the multicast source address is unchanged during the movement of the multicast source, and ensures that the multicast source mobile is transparent to the multicast receiver. The time that the multicast source MN waits for the multicast tree update after switching to the MAG2 is reduced, and the multicast data is lost during the multicast tree update process.
- embodiments of the present invention can be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention can be embodied in the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage interfaces (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer usable program code.
- computer-usable storage interfaces including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
- the computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising the instruction device.
- the apparatus implements the functions specified in one or more blocks of a flow or a flow and/or block diagram of the flowchart.
- These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device such that a series of operational steps are performed on a computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing for execution on a computer or other programmable device.
- the instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more of the flow or in a block or blocks of a flow diagram.
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US13/995,851 US9265029B2 (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2011-12-20 | Method of transferring multicast data, updating method of multicast tree, system and device thereof |
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US20130279397A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
JP2014502116A (ja) | 2014-01-23 |
EP2658296A4 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
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