WO2012079425A1 - 一种通过革胡子鲶控制对虾病害的生物防控方法 - Google Patents

一种通过革胡子鲶控制对虾病害的生物防控方法 Download PDF

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WO2012079425A1
WO2012079425A1 PCT/CN2011/081214 CN2011081214W WO2012079425A1 WO 2012079425 A1 WO2012079425 A1 WO 2012079425A1 CN 2011081214 W CN2011081214 W CN 2011081214W WO 2012079425 A1 WO2012079425 A1 WO 2012079425A1
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shrimp
leather
biological control
controlling
control method
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French (fr)
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何建国
陈勇贵
翁少萍
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Sun Yat Sen University
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Sun Yat Sen University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/59Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A01K61/13Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for prawn culture for biological control by adding a leather beard. Background technique
  • Shrimp is the mainstay of China's aquaculture industry. It has developed rapidly in recent years. By 2009, the aquaculture production was 1,330,000 tons, and the output value exceeded 30 billion yuan. The export of foreign exchange earned the first amount of aquatic products in China, reaching US$1.23 billion. Shrimp aquaculture has become the target industry for the adjustment of agricultural industry structure in China.
  • shrimp disease remains a major bottleneck in the development of the shrimp farming industry.
  • the outbreak of infectious diseases of shrimp has a certain relationship with the habit of the shrimp itself.
  • individual physiques with weak constitution and poor disease resistance firstly plague or even die.
  • the latter are preyed by healthy individuals, resulting in the transmission of infectious pathogens (bacteria/virus) within the shrimp population.
  • infectious pathogens bacteria/virus
  • the problem of shrimp disease remains the main bottleneck for the development of shrimp farming.
  • the current main measures to solve the problem of shrimp disease include improving the disease resistance of shrimp, improving the environment of shrimp culture and cutting off the path of disease of shrimp disease.
  • white spot syndrome since the outbreak of white spot syndrome in 1992, there has still been no practical way to completely prevent the outbreak of shrimp disease worldwide.
  • the outbreak of shrimp disease has caused serious economic losses to the shrimp farming industry in China. It is estimated that the annual economic loss is as high as 3 billion yuan.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a breeding method for improving the survival rate of shrimps according to the problems of rapid spread of shrimp infectious diseases and incomplete and untimely removal of sick shrimps.
  • a biological control method for controlling shrimp diseases by using a leather beard comprising the following steps:
  • the leather beard has a body length of 20 cm and a body weight of 500 g.
  • the water in the cultured shrimp pond is brackish water with a salinity of 0-6.
  • the shrimp is a shrimp suitable for breeding in a salinity of 0 to 6.
  • the shrimp is P. vannamei, P. monodon, Chinese prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii or prawn.
  • the temperature of the culture water body is 16 to 36 °C.
  • the pH of the aquaculture water is 7. 5 ⁇ 9.
  • ⁇ / RTI> The ammonia nitrogen in the aquaculture water is 0.50 mg / L, in the aquaculture water body.
  • the present invention has determined the above methods through a large number of experiments, taking into account the feeding habits of the leather beard, the spread of shrimp disease, and current shrimp farming techniques.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the leather beard squats in the shrimp pond It can be found in healthy shrimps and eaten sick, weak and dead shrimps. It can prevent healthy shrimp from feeding sick shrimps, thus avoiding the spread of shrimp diseases in healthy shrimps;
  • the leather beard can timely discover and ingest sick and dead shrimps, reduce the workload of removing dead shrimps from artificial patrol ponds, improve the efficiency of clearing sick shrimps, and improve the success rate of breeding;
  • the shrimp seedlings of about 1.0 cm are placed, with 50,000 to 100,000 per acre, preferably 8 to 100,000 tails. Further breeding experiments have shown that the number of shrimps to be placed is 5 to 100,000 per mu, especially 5 to 80,000 per mu, which can achieve good control of shrimp infections. Therefore, any simple modification and variation of the amount of the shrimp seedlings on the basis of the spirit of the present invention is within the scope of the present invention.
  • the "normal management method" as referred to herein refers to the general conventional technical operation used by those skilled in the art for shrimp culture, and can be specifically referred to the instruction manual on shrimp culture. 5 ⁇
  • the water depth is preferably 0. 5-2. 5 meters.
  • the aquaculture water of the present invention has a salinity in the range of 0 to 6. If the salinity of the aquaculture water is greater than 6, the salinity can be controlled within the above range by adding fresh water to reduce the salinity.
  • the term "saltness” as used herein means the total amount (by weight) of dissolved salts in water, expressed in parts per thousand, which is generally not numerically represented by a numerical value. 5 mg/L, nitrous oxide 0. 05mg/L, nitrite nitrogen 0. 05mg/
  • the other physicochemical factors of the shrimp culture water body the temperature is preferably 16 ⁇ 36 ° C, the pH is preferably 7. 5 ⁇ 9. 5, dissolved oxygen. 20mg / L, ammonia nitrogen 0. 50mg / L, nitrite nitrogen 0. 05mg / L.
  • any modification or variation of the amount of the leather beard placed on the basis of the spirit of the present invention is within the scope of the present invention.
  • the leather beard is more ferocious, it can also feed a certain amount of live shrimp, so the quantity to be administered should be strictly controlled, and it should not be put into a large amount to avoid the problem of small survival rate of farmed shrimp at the time of harvest; Due to the rapid growth of the leather beard, the length of each tail is about 20 cm and the body weight is about 500 g.
  • a breeding company in Fuqing City, Fujian province used this method to conduct shrimp culture experiments.
  • the total area of the shrimp farm is more than 1000 mu.
  • the stocking density will be 5 ⁇ 100,000/mu.
  • 20 tails will be placed per acre.
  • the length of each tail is about 20cm.
  • the leather beard mites weighing about 500g are used for biological control of shrimp diseases.
  • the shrimp cages were collected in batches in September, and the basic harvest was completed in November.
  • the size of the shrimp is 40 ⁇ 70 tails/kg.
  • the average yield of whole shrimp is about 600kg/mu.
  • the production of leather beard is about 50kg/mu.
  • the success rate of shrimp farming around the test site is only 30-50%.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
  • Mechanical Means For Catching Fish (AREA)

Description

一种通过革胡子鲶控制对奸病害的生物防控方法 技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖领域, 具体涉及一种通过添加革胡子鲶进行生物防控 的对虾养殖的方法。 背景技术
对虾是我国水产养殖业的支柱品种, 近年来发展迅速, 到 2009 年养殖产量 130. 3 万吨, 产值超过 300 亿元; 出口创汇居我国水产品出口金额第一, 高达 12. 3 亿美元。 对虾养殖业已经成为我国农业产业结构调整的目标产业。
然而,对虾病害问题仍然是对虾养殖业发展的主要瓶颈。对虾传染性疾病的 暴发流行与对虾本身相互残食的习性有一定的关系。在对虾养殖过程中, 由于环 境条件恶化导致个别体质弱、抗病力差的对虾首先发病甚至死亡, 后者被健康个 体捕食, 从而导致传染性病原体 (细菌 /病毒) 在对虾群体内传播, 最终引起对 虾疾病暴发流行。如何及时、彻底清除对虾养殖池中的病虾成为控制对虾疾病暴 发的关键技术之一。
对虾病害问题仍然是对虾养殖业发展的主要瓶颈。当前解决对虾病害问题的 主要措施包括提高对虾抗病能力、改善对虾养殖环境和切断对虾疾病病原的传播 途径等几种。 但是, 自 1992年对虾白斑综合症暴发流行以来, 在世界范围内依 然没有找到一种切实可行的办法彻底防止对虾疾病的暴发流行。对虾疾病的暴发 流行已经给我国的对虾养殖业造成了严重的经济损失,据估计, 每年的经济损失 高达 30亿元。
清除对虾养殖池内的病虾是防止对虾疾病传播的一种方法。但是, 目前的人 工清除病虾的方法存在发现不及时、清除不彻底等的局限, 很难控制对虾传染性 疾病的暴发。此外, 业内也有一些对虾养殖模式采用了鱼虾混养的方法进行虾病 的防控。 但是, 由于对鱼类品种、 数量、 规格和投放时间的选择上不能采取正确 方法, 往往不能收到理想的效果。 发明内容 本发明的目的在于根据现有的虾类传染病传播快, 病虾的清除不彻底不及 时等问题, 提供一种提高对虾存活率的养殖方法。
本发明目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种通过革胡子鲶控制对虾病害的生物防控方法, 包括如下步骤:
( 1 ) 在养殖虾池内投放 5-10万尾 /亩的虾苗;
( 2 ) 对虾养殖 20〜30日后每亩投放 20-30尾革胡子鲶,
( 3 ) 常规培养。
作为一种优选方案,上述方法中,所述革胡子鲶的体长为 20cm,体重为 500g。 作为一种优选方案,上述方法中,所述养殖虾池内的水为咸淡水,盐度为 0〜 6。
作为一种优选方案, 上述方法中, 所述虾苗为适于在盐度 0〜6内养殖的虾 类。 更进一步地, 所述虾类为凡纳滨对虾、 斑节对虾、 中国对虾、 罗氏沼虾或基 围虾。
作为一种优选方案, 上述方法中, 所述养殖水体的温度为 16〜36°C。
作为一种优选方案, 上述方法中, 所述养殖水体的酸碱度为 7. 5〜9. 5。 作为一种优选方案, 上述方法中, 所述养殖水体中溶解氧 2. Omg/Lo 作为一种优选方案, 上述方法中, 所述养殖水体中氨氮 0. 50mg/L。
作为一种优选方案, 上述方法中, 所述养殖水体中亚硝酸氮 0. 05mg/L。 本发明通过大量的实验, 综合考虑了革胡子鲶的食性, 以及虾病的传播力 和当前对虾养殖技术等因素, 确定了上述方法。
与现有技术相比, 本发明具有如下有益效果:
( 1 ) 通过大量的实验证明, 每尾体重 500g的革胡子鲶在虾类养殖池中在 摄食病、 弱、 死虾的效果较好;
( 2 ) 革胡子鲶在虾池中巡游, 能先于健康虾发现并摄食到病、 弱、 死虾, 能有较阻止健康虾摄食病虾, 从而避免虾病在健康虾群中传播流行;
( 3 )革胡子鲶能及时发现并摄食病死虾, 减少了人工巡塘清除病死虾的工 作量, 提高了清除病死虾的效率, 提高了养殖成功率;
( 4)利用革胡子鲶防控对虾疾病的暴发流行, 减少了各种防治对虾病害药 物的使用。 一方面有利于生态环境的保护, 另一方面有利于对虾品质的提高; ( 5 )革胡子鲶本身也是一种经济鱼类, 虾池中投放革胡子鲶给养虾者带来 更大的经济效益。 具体实施方式
以下结合实施例来进一步解释本发明, 但实施例并不对本发明做任何形式 的限定。
实施例
1、 比照对虾养殖的正常管理方法, 培好水后, 投放 1. 0cm左右的虾苗, 每 亩 5-10万尾, 优选为 8〜10万尾。 进一步的养殖试验证明, 投放的虾苗的数量 为 5〜10万尾 /亩, 特别是 5〜8万尾 /亩时, 能够得到良好的防控虾类传染病的 效果。因此, 任何在不违背本发明精神基础上仅仅对虾苗投放的数量进行简单的 小范围修改和变化,都属于本发明的保护范围之内。这里所述的"正常管理方法" 是指本领域技术人员用于对虾养殖的一般常规技术操作,具体可参见有关对虾养 殖的指导手册。对虾养殖池水深优选为 0. 5-2. 5米。 由于革胡子鲶不适于在盐度 大于 6的水体中生存, 所以本发明所述的养殖水体的盐度在 0〜6范围内。 如果 养殖水体的盐度大于 6, 可用添加淡水的方法降低盐度, 将盐度控制在上述范围 内。 这里所述的 "盐度"表示水中溶解盐类的总量 (重量), 用千分比表示, 一 般不用千分号, 直接用数值表示。 该对虾养殖水体的其他理化因子: 温度优选为 16〜36°C, 酸碱度优选为 7. 5〜9. 5, 溶解氧 . 20mg/L,氨氮 0. 50mg/L, 亚硝 酸氮 0. 05mg/L。
2、 适时投放革胡子鲶。 对虾养殖到 20〜30 日左右, 对虾病害暴发前投放 革胡子鲶。养殖过程中往往由于虾苗本身的原因, 在养殖前期就大规模死亡, 此 前没必要投放革胡子鲶。 所以一般养殖到 20〜30 日时, 虾苗稳定后, 再投放革 胡子鲶。 投放革胡子鲶的数量优选为 20〜30尾 /亩, 然而, 进一步的试验证明, 投放革胡子鲶的数量为 20〜50尾 /亩,特别是 40〜50尾 /亩时, 同样能够得到良 好的防控虾类传染病的效果。因此, 任何在不违背本发明精神基础上仅仅对革胡 子鲶投放的数量进行简单的修改和变化, 都属于本发明的保护范围之内。 但是, 需要注意的是, 由于革胡子鲶生性较凶猛, 也能摄食一定数量的活虾, 所以投放 数量要严格控制, 不宜过大量投放, 以免造成收成时养殖虾存活率偏小的问题; 由于革胡子鲶生长迅速, 放养时每尾体长达到约 20cm、 体重为约 500g即可。
3、 福建省福清市一养殖公司采用本方法进行对虾养殖试验。 对虾养殖场总 面积 1000多亩, 2010年 4月中下旬开始投放凡纳滨对虾虾苗, 放养密度 5〜10 万尾 /亩, 5月开始按每亩投放 20尾, 每尾体长约 20cm、 体重约 500g的革胡子 鲶进行对虾病害的生物防控。按常规日常管理, 9月份开始下蛇笼分批收虾上市, 11月份基本收获完毕。对虾规格为 40〜70尾 /kg。全场对虾平均产量约为 600kg/ 亩。 革胡子鲶产量约为 50kg/亩。 2010年全场没有对虾病害暴发流行。 而在该试 验场周围的对虾养殖成功率仅为 30~50%。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种通过革胡子鲶控制对虾病害的生物防控方法, 其特征在于所述方法 包括如下步骤:
( 1 ) 在养殖虾池内投放 5〜10万尾 /亩的虾苗;
( 2 ) 对虾养殖 20〜30日后每亩投放 20〜30尾革胡子鲶;
( 3 ) 常规培养。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述通过革胡子鲶控制对虾病害的生物防控方法, 其特 征在于所述革胡子鲶的体长为 20cm, 体重为 500g。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述通过革胡子鲶控制对虾病害的生物防控方法, 其特 征在于所述养殖虾池内的水为咸淡水, 盐度为 0〜6。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述通过革胡子鲶控制对虾病害的生物防控方法, 其特 征在于所述虾苗为适于在盐度 0〜6内养殖的虾类。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述通过革胡子鲶控制对虾病害的生物防控方法, 其特 征在于所述虾类为凡纳滨对虾、 斑节对虾、 中国对虾、 罗氏沼虾或基围虾。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述通过革胡子鲶控制对虾病害的生物防控方法, 其特 征在于所述养殖水体的温度为 16〜36°C。
7. 根据权利要求 1所述通过革胡子鲶控制对虾病害的生物防控方法, 其特 征在于所述养殖水体的酸碱度为 7. 5〜9. 5。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述通过革胡子鲶控制对虾病害的生物防控方法, 其特 征在于所述养殖水体中溶解氧 2. Omg/L o
9. 根据权利要求 1所述通过革胡子鲶控制对虾病害的生物防控方法, 其特 征在于所述养殖水体中氨氮 0. 50mg/L。
10. 根据权利要求 1所述通过革胡子鲶控制对虾病害的生物防控方法, 其 特征在于所述养殖水体中亚硝酸氮 0. 05mg/L。
PCT/CN2011/081214 2010-12-16 2011-10-25 一种通过革胡子鲶控制对虾病害的生物防控方法 Ceased WO2012079425A1 (zh)

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CN102077795A (zh) * 2010-12-16 2011-06-01 中山大学 一种通过革胡子鲶控制对虾病害的生物防控方法
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