WO2012079315A1 - 轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒及其制备方法 - Google Patents

轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012079315A1
WO2012079315A1 PCT/CN2011/072079 CN2011072079W WO2012079315A1 WO 2012079315 A1 WO2012079315 A1 WO 2012079315A1 CN 2011072079 W CN2011072079 W CN 2011072079W WO 2012079315 A1 WO2012079315 A1 WO 2012079315A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rod
lightweight foam
curing
epoxy resin
foam sandwich
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PCT/CN2011/072079
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张长安
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湖南厚普电力科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2012079315A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012079315A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B29C70/086Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers and with one or more layers of pure plastics material, e.g. foam layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/86Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding
    • B29C70/865Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding completely encapsulated
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0003Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B29K2995/0007Insulating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of composite insulators for electric power equipment, in particular to an inner insulation composite material rod of a pillar composite insulator and a preparation method thereof.
  • the pillar insulators are key components for power equipment such as high-voltage isolating switches, busbar supports, and reactor supports, and are currently mostly ceramics.
  • This ceramic post insulator is a high-energy product that is heavy, fragile, and has low seismic resistance and explosion hazard during operation.
  • Composite post insulators have emerged in recent years, but the flexural properties of composite post insulators are not comparable to those of porcelain post insulators.
  • large-diameter solid alkali-free glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite rods are mostly used for internal insulation, and such large-diameter solid epoxy glass rods are in the forming process.
  • the cracking problem existing in it is difficult to solve completely.
  • the forming process of large-diameter solid composite epoxy glass rods faces many defects, such as many steps, difficulty, long cycle and high cost, which also become an important obstacle to the promotion of composite pillar insulators.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to provide a lightweight foam core with light weight, high bending resistance, small bending deviation, good mechanical property, low cost, and no interface breakdown hazard, in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • a lightweight foam sandwich composite insulating rod comprising an outer insulating cylinder and a sandwich rod filled in the insulating cylinder, wherein: the insulating cylinder is a ring
  • the core rod is made of a lightweight foam material, and the inner wall of the insulating cylinder is closely adhered to the outer wall of the sandwich rod, and the epoxy resin material filling the base of the insulating cylinder is filled.
  • the lightweight foam material forms a larger number of small holes in the outer wall of the sandwich rod during the molding of the sandwich rod).
  • the inner wall of the insulating cylinder is preferably provided with a reinforcing rib
  • the outer wall of the sandwich rod is provided with a rib groove closely fitting with the reinforcing rib
  • the reinforcing material of the insulating cylinder is preferably an alkali-free glass fiber, an alkali-free glass fiber cloth, an alkali-free glass fiber felt, a polyester cloth or a polyester felt.
  • the lightweight foam material preferably has a polyurethane foam having a density of 200 kg/m 3 to 300 kg/m 3 .
  • the use of a polyurethane foam material as the inner core eliminates the trouble of filling the insulating medium during operation of the product, and also eliminates the difficulty of the core rod in demolding the mold, and the product quality is rarely increased.
  • the present invention also provides a method of preparing three of the above-described lightweight foam sandwich composite insulating rods.
  • the preparation method 1 comprises the following steps:
  • preparing a lightweight foam sandwich rod preparing a lightweight foam sandwich rod and opening a rib groove on the outer wall thereof;
  • Reinforcement material winding a plurality of coils of reinforcing material of the insulating cylinder are laid on the outside of the lightweight foam sandwich rod, and then filled into the rib groove by prefabricated reinforcing ribs, and then continue to roll The reinforcing material is vacuum dried after winding the reinforcing material until the outer diameter required for the insulating rod is reached;
  • Vacuum impregnation vacuum-dip the reel obtained after the above step (2) with epoxy resin glue, the vacuum pressure of the vacuum dipping treatment is below 100 Pa, and the dipping time is between 90 min and 150 min;
  • the preparation method 2 includes the following steps:
  • preparing a lightweight foam sandwich rod preparing a lightweight foam sandwich rod and opening a rib groove on the outer wall thereof;
  • Prepreg preparation the reinforcing material of the insulating cylinder is impregnated with epoxy resin glue and baked, so that the resin is in a semi-solid state, and the prepreg is obtained by winding up;
  • Prepreg winding a plurality of preheated prepregs are laid on the lightweight foam sandwich rod, and then filled with prefabricated reinforcing ribs into the rib grooves, and then spliced and fixed. Winding the prepreg until the outer diameter required by the insulating rod is reached; (4) curing: the reel obtained after the above step (3) is heated and solidified in a rotating state, and the curing temperature is 80 ° C.
  • the preparation method 3 includes the following steps:
  • (1) preparing a lightweight foam sandwich rod preparing a lightweight foam sandwich cylinder embedded with a metal mandrel, and forming a rib groove on the outer wall thereof;
  • the epoxy resin penetrates into the outer wall surface layer of the lightweight foam sandwich rod/sandwich cylinder, and after curing, the epoxy resin material constituting the insulating cylinder base body is filled into the pores of the outer wall of the sandwich rod, The insulating cylinder is integrated with the sandwich rod.
  • the specific operation of the heat curing is preferably: heating to a temperature of 80 ° C for 1.51! ⁇
  • the epoxy resin glue preferably comprises:
  • the prefabricated reinforcing ribs are preferably polyurethane foam strips or alkali-free glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite strips.
  • the lightweight foam sandwich composite insulation rod of the invention adopts a lightweight foam sandwich rod and an external epoxy resin composite insulation cylinder and the structure of the two is tightly combined, which is not easy to crack and can meet the mechanical condition. Performance requirements, and greatly reduce the weight of the insulating rod, reducing production costs;
  • the lightweight foam sandwich composite insulating rod of the present invention adopts a method of providing a rib groove tightly matched with the reinforcing rib on the sandwich rod, and the reinforcing rib can be arbitrarily arranged on the inner wall of the insulating cylinder.
  • the weight and cost of the solid composite pillar insulator are greatly reduced; , eliminating the trouble caused by charging and discharging dielectric materials during operation, paving the way for the promotion of composite pillar insulators;
  • the preparation method of the lightweight foam sandwich composite insulating rod of the invention has simple process and is made of a lightweight foam core.
  • the core material is pre-buried inside the insulating tube during the molding process of the outer layer of the epoxy resin-based composite material layer insulating cylinder, and forms an insulating rod together with the epoxy resin-based composite material layer. This ensures that during the resin impregnation process, not only the reinforcing material layer but also the foam core surface layer is penetrated, and the uneven space formed by the foam core surface foaming is completely filled with the resin, and after the resin is cured, the two are formed. A whole, its combined interface is better overall.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a lightweight foam sandwich composite insulation rod according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a lightweight foam sandwich composite insulating rod according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a lightweight foam sandwich core embedded with a metal mandrel according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Cross-sectional schematic view;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure at A-A in Figure 3.
  • the lightweight foam sandwich composite insulating rod of the present invention comprises an outer insulating cylinder 2 and a sandwich rod 1 filled in the insulating cylinder 2, and the insulating cylinder 2 is an epoxy resin composite.
  • the sandwich rod 1 is made of a lightweight foam material, and the inner wall of the insulating cylinder 2 is closely adhered to the outer wall of the sandwich rod 1, and the epoxy resin material constituting the base of the insulating cylinder 2 is filled to the outer wall of the sandwich rod 1. In the pores (considering that the pores of the outer wall are small, the pores are not shown in the figure).
  • the inner wall of the insulating cylinder 2 is provided with a reinforcing rib 4, and the outer wall of the sandwich rod 1 is provided with a rib groove 3 closely fitting with the reinforcing rib 4.
  • the reinforcing material of the insulating cylinder 2 is an alkali-free glass fiber cloth (alkali-free glass fiber, alkali-free glass fiber felt, polyester cloth or polyester felt, etc.).
  • the lightweight foam is a polyurethane foam having a density of about 250 kg/m 3 .
  • the lightweight foam sandwich composite insulation rod is prepared by the following steps:
  • Vacuum impregnation The dried lightweight foam sandwich rod wound with the reinforcing material is loaded into an integral molding die for molding the insulating rod, and connected to the vacuum dipping system, while vacuum is drawn on the integral molding die. While the epoxy resin is vacuum degassed, the vacuum pressure of the resin degassing and the vacuum of the integral molding die is continuously lower than 100 Pa for 120 min (if the product is large, the vacuuming time can be extended), and then the epoxy resin is poured. After filling, close the upper end of the integral molding die, remove the vacuum dipping system, and flip the integral molding die.
  • the lightweight foam sandwich composite insulating rod of the present invention may also be provided without reinforcing ribs.
  • the lightweight foam sandwich rod is formed by using a molding die without moving ribs inside, and the subsequent steps are performed.
  • the step of filling the rib groove 3 with a foam strip (or an alkali-free glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite material strip) may be omitted.
  • the preparation method of the lightweight foam sandwich composite insulating rod of the present embodiment is suitable for producing columns and rods with high insulation requirements and small size.
  • Embodiment 2 As shown in FIG. 1 , the lightweight foam sandwich composite insulating rod of the present invention has substantially the same structure and composition as the insulating rod of the first embodiment, and the difference is only in the reinforcing material, which is used in this embodiment.
  • the reinforcing materials obtained are alkali-free glass fibers and alkali-free glass fiber cloths.
  • the lightweight foam sandwich composite insulation rod is prepared by the following steps:
  • a Prepare reinforcing materials such as polyurethane foam, alkali-free glass fiber and alkali-free glass cloth with a bulk density of about 250 ⁇ 20 kg/m 3 ;
  • b Take 1000 parts of epoxy resin and 50 parts of epoxy resin active toughener , 15 parts of a coupling agent, 900 parts of an acid anhydride, 40 parts by mass of dicyandiamide, and 7 parts of a curing accelerator are provided with an epoxy resin glue;
  • Preparation of lightweight foam sandwich rod Take the cylindrical mold for preparing the sandwich rod 1, seal both ends of the mold, and set the feed port and the vent hole, and uniformly mix the polyurethane foam material and inject it. In the mold, after the foaming is completed, the mold is removed, and the surface layer and the groove after the molding are removed, that is, a round bar-shaped lightweight foam sandwich rod with the rib groove 3 on the outer wall is obtained.
  • Prepreg preparation The reinforcing material fabric and the fiber impregnated epoxy resin are baked and the resin is placed in a semi-curing stage (B stage), and the prepreg and the prepreg are obtained by winding.
  • the processed lightweight foam sandwich rod is carded on the winder, the winder is turned on, and 2 to 4 layers of preheated prepreg reinforcement material are laid on the lightweight foam core rod, and then processed.
  • the prepreg is pressed into the groove, and the prepreg is wound and fixed on the outside, and the prepreg is continuously wound to a predetermined size.
  • a layer of prepreg is wound around the ring at 90°.
  • the lightweight foam cored bar wound with the reinforcing material obtained above was placed on a holder of the curing oven to cure the resin in a rotating state.
  • the curing heating mechanism is: heating to 80 ° C temperature conditions for 2 h, heating to 100 ° C for 1.5 h, then heating to 130 ° C for 1 h, then heating to 145 ° C for 2 h, then warm to 160 ° C insulation 4h, the heat curing is completed, and naturally falls to room temperature, and the above-mentioned lightweight foam sandwich composite insulating rod is obtained.
  • the preparation method of the lightweight foam sandwich composite insulating rod of the present embodiment is suitable for producing super large-sized insulating pillars, high-pressure wire towers and the like.
  • Embodiment 3 As shown in FIG. 1 , the lightweight foam sandwich composite insulating rod of the present invention has substantially the same structure and composition as the insulating rod of the first embodiment, and the difference is only in the reinforcing material, which is used in this embodiment.
  • the reinforcing materials obtained are alkali-free glass fibers, alkali-free glass fiber mats and alkali-free glass fiber cloths.
  • the lightweight foam sandwich composite insulation rod is prepared by the following steps:
  • the obtained lightweight foam core tube embedded with a metal mandrel is carded on the winding machine, and the winding machine is opened to embed the metal mandrel.
  • the light foam sandwich cylinder rotates, and two layers of alkali-free glass fiber mat are laid thereon, and then four layers of alkali-free glass fiber cloth are wrapped, and the prepared epoxy resin glue is used for wetting, and repeated rolling is performed.
  • the epoxy resin impregnates the fabric, and the fabric on the rib groove 3 is pressed into the groove to be in close contact with the lightweight foam core tube in which the metal mandrel is embedded.
  • the processed FRP strips (or polyurethane foam strips) are filled into the rib grooves 3, and bundled with alkali-free glass fibers to prevent them from falling off during the rotation of the lightweight foam sandwich cylinder in which the metal mandrel is embedded.
  • the alkali-free glass fiber soaked with the epoxy resin glue is continuously wound (in practical application, the line type of the alkali-free glass fiber can be determined according to the specific conditions) up to the specified outer diameter.
  • the lightweight foam core tube in which the metal mandrel is wound with the reinforcing material obtained above is placed on a holder of the curing oven to cure the resin in a rotating state.
  • the curing heating mechanism is: heating to 80 ° C temperature conditions for 2 h, heating to 100 ° C for 2 h, then heating to 130 ° C for 1 h, then heating to 145 ° C for 1.5 h, then warming to 160 ° C insulation 6h, heat curing is completed, and naturally falls to room temperature, and an insulating rod blank is obtained, and the green body is processed.
  • the metal mandrel 5 in the lightweight foam core tube embedded with the metal mandrel is withdrawn, the surface layer of the inner wall of the tube at the hollow portion is removed, one end is blocked, a certain amount of polyurethane foam is injected, and the other end is covered. After the foaming is completed, the excess foaming material at both ends is cleaned to obtain the above-mentioned lightweight foam sandwich composite insulating rod.
  • the method for preparing the lightweight foam sandwich composite insulating rod of the present embodiment is suitable for producing a medium-sized pillar insulator core rod, which can reduce the mold input.

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Description

轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒及其制备方法
【技术领域】
本发明涉及电力设备用复合绝缘子领域, 尤其涉及一种支柱复合绝缘子的内绝缘复合材 料棒及其制备方法。
【背景技术】
支柱绝缘子是高压隔离开关、 母线支撑、 电抗器支撑等电力设备用关键部件, 目前大多 为陶瓷制品。 这种陶瓷支柱绝缘子属高能耗产品, 其重量重、 易损易破、 抗震能力低、 且运 行过程还有爆炸危险。 近年来出现了复合支柱绝缘子, 但复合支柱绝缘子的抗弯性能无法与 瓷支柱绝缘子媲美。 为了解决复合支柱绝缘子的抗弯性能和弯曲偏移问题, 人们大多采用大 直径实心无碱玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料棒为内绝缘, 而这种大直径实心环氧玻璃钢 棒在成型过程中存在的开裂问题难以彻底解决; 同时大直径实心复合环氧玻璃钢棒的成型工 艺过程还面临步骤多、 难度大、 周期长及成本高的缺陷, 这也成为影响复合支柱绝缘子推广 的重要障碍。
对于高电压等级的复合支柱绝缘子而言, 由于其尺寸较大, 实心环氧玻璃钢棒无法拉挤 成型, 目前大多采用空心无碱玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料筒作为内绝缘构件, 运行时 内部充填一定压力的绝缘气体。 采用这种方法会带来诸如密封、 监测、 补气等附加工作, 绝 缘子的可靠性难以保证, 且存在安全隐患。 为此, 目前还存在采用内部填充液态或固态绝缘 介质的方法, 但液态绝缘介质同样存在密封困难、 制造成本高等问题, 而固态绝缘介质存在 填充物与绝缘筒内壁结合面的处理问题, 结合面处理不好, 可能导致内部击穿。
【发明内容】
本发明所要解决的技术问题是: 针对现有技术的不足, 提供一种质量轻、 抗弯性能高、 弯曲偏移小、 机械性好、 成本低、 无界面击穿隐患的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒; 以及三 种工艺简单、 能使轻质泡沫芯与环氧树脂基复合材料层结合面更紧密的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材 料绝缘棒的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明采用以下技术方案: 一种轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒, 包括外部的绝缘筒和绝缘筒内填充的夹芯棒, 其特征在于: 所述绝缘筒为环氧树脂基复合材 料制成, 所述夹芯棒为轻质泡沫材料制成, 所述绝缘筒内壁与所述夹芯棒外壁之间紧密贴合, 且构成绝缘筒基体的环氧树脂材料充填到所述夹芯棒外壁的孔隙中 (所述轻质泡沫材料成型 夹芯棒的过程中, 会在夹芯棒的外壁形成较多数量的小孔)。
作为本发明的绝缘棒的进一步改进: 上述的绝缘棒中, 所述绝缘筒的内壁上优选设有加强筋, 所述夹芯棒外壁上设有与所述 加强筋紧密配合的加强筋沟槽。
上述的绝缘棒中, 所述绝缘筒的增强材料优选为无碱玻璃纤维、 无碱玻璃纤维布、 无碱 玻璃纤维毡、 聚酯布或聚酯毡。
上述的绝缘棒中, 所述轻质泡沫材料优选密度为 200 kg/m3〜300 kg/m3的聚氨酯泡沫材 料。 采用聚氨酯发泡材料作为内芯, 可免除产品运行时内充绝缘介质的麻烦, 还消除了夹芯 棒在模具脱模时的困难、 且产品质量增加很少。
作为一个总的技术构思, 本发明还提供三种上述轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒的制备方 法。
制备方法一包括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 制备轻质泡沫夹芯棒: 制备一轻质泡沫夹芯棒, 并在其外壁上开设加强筋沟槽;
(2)增强材料卷绕: 在所述轻质泡沫夹芯棒外侧铺绕数圈所述绝缘筒的增强材料, 然后 用预制的加强筋条填充到所述加强筋沟槽中, 再继续卷绕增强材料直至达到绝缘棒要求的外 径, 对所述增强材料进行真空干燥处理;
(3) 真空浸渍: 用环氧树脂胶液将上述步骤 (2) 后得到的卷筒进行真空浸胶处理, 真 空浸胶处理时的真空压力在 lOOPa以下, 浸胶时间在 90min〜150min;
(4) 固化脱模: 对上述步骤 (3) 后得到的浸胶卷筒进行加热固化, 固化温度为 80°C〜 160°C, 固化时间为 81!〜 16h, 固化完成后降温、 脱模, 得到轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒。
制备方法二包括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 制备轻质泡沫夹芯棒: 制备一轻质泡沫夹芯棒, 并在其外壁上开设加强筋沟槽;
(2)预浸料制备: 将所述绝缘筒的增强材料浸渍环氧树脂胶液后烘焙, 使树脂处于半固 化状态, 收卷得到预浸料;
(3)预浸料卷绕: 在所述轻质泡沫夹芯棒上铺绕数圈经预热的预浸料, 再用预制的加强 筋条填充到加强筋沟槽中, 缠绕固定后继续卷绕预浸料直至达到所述绝缘棒要求的外径; (4)固化:将上述步骤(3)后得到的卷筒在转动状态下进行加热固化,固化温度为 80°C〜
160°C, 固化时间为 81!〜 16h, 固化完成后降温, 得到轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒。
制备方法三包括以下步骤:
( 1 )制备轻质泡沫夹芯棒: 制备一嵌有金属芯轴的轻质泡沫夹芯筒, 并在其外壁上开设 加强筋沟槽;
(2)增强材料缠绕: 在嵌有金属芯轴的轻质泡沫夹芯筒上铺绕数圈所述绝缘筒的增强材 料, 用配制好的环氧树脂胶液淋湿浸透所述增强材料, 再用预制的加强筋条填充到所述加强 筋沟槽中, 继续缠绕浸渍了环氧树脂胶液的增强材料直至达到所述绝缘棒要求的外径;
(3)固化:将上述步骤 (2)后得到的卷筒在转动状态下进行加热固化,固化温度为 80°C〜 160°C, 固化时间为 81!〜 16h, 固化完成后降温;
(4)芯部填充: 将上述轻质泡沫夹芯筒中的金属芯轴抽出, 在空心处灌注填满轻质泡沫 材料, 得到轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒。
环氧树脂加热固化过程中,环氧树脂渗入轻质泡沫夹心棒 /夹芯筒的外壁表面层,固化后, 构成绝缘筒基体的环氧树脂材料充填到所述夹芯棒外壁的孔隙中, 绝缘筒与夹芯棒成为一个 整体。
作为上述三种制备方法的进一步改进:
上述的制备方法中,所述加热固化优选的具体操作为:加热到 80°C温度条件下保温 1.51!〜
2h,升温到 100°C保温 11!〜 2h,再升温到 130°C保温 11!〜 2h,再升温到 145°C保温 1.51!〜 4.5h, 再升温到 160°C保温 41!〜 6h, 完成加热固化。
上述的制备方法中, 所述环氧树脂胶液优选包含:
1000质量份的环氧树脂、
45〜55质量份的环氧树脂活性增韧剂、
10〜20质量份的偶联剂、
800〜1000质量份酸酐、
0〜40质量份的双氰胺 和
5〜8质量份的固化促进剂。
上述的制备方法中, 所述预制的加强筋条优选为聚氨酯泡沫条或无碱玻璃纤维增强环氧 树脂基复合材料条。
与现有技术相比, 本发明的优点在于:
1、本发明的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒, 采用轻质泡沫材料夹芯棒和外部的环氧树脂 基复合材料绝缘筒且二者之间紧密结合的结构, 不易开裂, 能够满足机械性能要求, 并大大 减小了绝缘棒的重量, 降低了生产成本;
2、本发明的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒, 采取在夹芯棒上设置与所述加强筋紧密配合 的加强筋沟槽的方式, 可以在绝缘筒的内壁上可任意设置加强筋, 以提高同等壁厚条件下绝 缘筒的抗弯、 抗环向压和抗扭性能; 且在满足产品抗弯、 抗扭等机械性能的条件下大大降低 了实心复合支柱绝缘子的重量和成本; 同时, 免除了运行过程中充放绝缘介质带来的麻烦, 为复合支柱绝缘子推广铺平了道路;
3、本发明的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒的制备方法, 工艺简单, 采用轻质泡沫夹芯作 为外层增强材料铺设的芯材。 芯材在外层的环氧树脂基复合材料层绝缘筒成型过程中被预埋 在绝缘管内部, 与环氧树脂基复合材料层共同组成绝缘棒。 这就保证在树脂对增强材料浸渍 过程中, 不仅渗入增强材料铺层, 也渗入泡沫芯表面层, 泡沫芯表面发泡形成的凹凸不平的 空间正好完全被树脂填充, 树脂固化后, 二者形成一个整体, 其结合界面整体性更好。
【附图说明】
图 1是本发明实施例的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒的横截面示意图;
图 2是本发明实施例 1中另一实施方式的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒的横截面示意图; 图 3是本发明实施例 3的嵌有金属芯轴的轻质泡沫夹芯筒的横截面示意图;
图 4是图 3中 A-A处的剖视结构示意图。
图例说明:
1、 夹芯棒; 2、 绝缘筒; 3、 加强筋沟槽; 4、 加强筋; 5、 金属芯轴。
【具体实施方式】
以下将结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
实施例 1 : 如图 1所示, 本发明的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒, 包括外部的绝缘筒 2 和绝缘筒 2内填充的夹芯棒 1, 绝缘筒 2为环氧树脂基复合材料制成, 夹芯棒 1为轻质泡沫 材料制成, 绝缘筒 2内壁与夹芯棒 1外壁之间紧密贴合, 且构成绝缘筒 2基体的环氧树脂材 料充填到夹芯棒 1外壁的孔隙中 (考虑到外壁的孔隙很小, 图中没有示出孔隙)。 绝缘筒 2的 内壁上设有加强筋 4, 夹芯棒 1外壁上设有与加强筋 4紧密配合的加强筋沟槽 3。绝缘筒 2的 增强材料为无碱玻璃纤维布(无碱玻璃纤维、 无碱玻璃纤维毡、 聚酯布或聚酯毡等均可)。 轻 质泡沫材料为密度约为 250 kg/m3的聚氨酯泡沫材料。
该轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒是通过下列步骤制备得到的:
( 1 ) 材料准备:
a. 准备密度为 250±20 kg/m3的聚氨酯发泡料和无碱玻璃纤维布等增强材料;
b. 取 1000份 (均为质量份, 下同) 的环氧树脂、 50份的环氧树脂活性增韧剂、 15份的 偶联剂、 900份的酸酐以及 6份的固化促进剂配置环氧树脂胶液;
c 准备内壁设有活动凸条的用于制备夹芯棒 1的筒状模具 (凸条的截面尺寸与设计的加 强筋 4的尺寸一致), 并准备用于成型绝缘棒的整体成型模具。
(2)制备轻质泡沫夹芯棒: 取上述的筒状模具, 封闭模具的两端, 并设置进料口和排气 孔, 将聚氨酯发泡料均匀混合后注入模具内, 待发泡完毕, 脱模, 清除表面层及成型的沟槽, 即得到外壁带有加强筋沟槽 3的圆棒状轻质泡沫夹芯棒。
( 3 )增强材料卷绕: 在得到的轻质泡沫夹芯棒外铺绕 2层〜 5层无碱玻璃纤维布后, 用 泡沫条 (或无碱玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料条) 填充到加强筋沟槽 3中。 加强筋沟槽 3 填充完毕, 继续卷绕无碱玻璃纤维布达到绝缘棒要求的外径, 将其放在干燥炉中, 升温到 100°C左右, 进行真空干燥处理 21!〜 5h。
(4)真空浸渍: 将干燥后的卷绕了增强材料的轻质泡沫夹芯棒装入用于成型绝缘棒的整 体成型模具, 并与真空浸胶系统相连, 一边对整体成型模具抽取真空, 一边对环氧树脂胶液 进行真空脱气, 树脂脱气与整体成型模具抽真空的真空压力持续低于 lOOPa达 120min (如果 产品大, 抽真空时间可以延长) 以上后, 灌注环氧树脂胶液, 灌满后, 封闭整体成型模具上 端, 拆除真空浸胶系统, 并将整体成型模具翻转。
( 5 ) 固化脱模: 将上述得到的充满树脂的整体成型模具放在固化炉中, 在气压调到 0.1Mpa〜0.3Mpa 的氮气气氛下, 开启温控系统进行加热固化。 加热到 80°C温度条件下保温
1.5h, 升温到 100°C保温 1.5h, 再升温到 130°C保温 lh, 再升温到 145°C保温 1.5h, 再升温到 160°C保温 5h, 完成加热固化, 自然降至室温, 取出模具进行脱模, 得到上述的轻质泡沫夹 芯复合材料绝缘棒。
如图 2所示, 本发明的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒也可以不带加强筋, 在制备时, 轻 质泡沫夹芯棒的成型采用内部无活动凸条的成型模具, 而后续步骤省略用泡沫条 (或无碱玻 璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料条) 填充加强筋沟槽 3的步骤即可。
本实施例的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒的制备方法适宜于生产绝缘要求高, 尺寸小的 柱、 棒。
实施例 2: 如图 1所示, 本发明的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒与实施例 1中的绝缘棒 结构和成分基本相同, 其区别仅在于增强材料有所差异, 本实施例用到的增强材料为无碱玻 璃纤维和无碱玻璃纤维布。 该轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒是通过下列步骤制备得到的:
( 1 ) 材料准备:
a. 准备容重约为 250±20 kg/m3的聚氨酯泡沫、 无碱玻璃纤维和无碱玻璃布等增强材料; b. 取 1000份的环氧树脂、 50份的环氧树脂活性增韧剂、 15份的偶联剂、 900份酸酐、 40质量份的双氰胺以及 7份的固化促进剂配置环氧树脂胶液;
c 准备内壁设有活动凸条的用于制备夹芯棒 1的筒状模具 (凸条的截面尺寸与设计的加 强筋 4的尺寸一致)。
(2)制备轻质泡沫夹芯棒的: 取用于制备夹芯棒 1的筒状模具, 封闭模具的两端, 并设 置进料口和排气孔, 将聚氨酯发泡料均匀混合后注入模具内, 待发泡完毕, 脱模, 清除表面 层及成型后的沟槽, 即得到外壁带有加强筋沟槽 3的圆棒状轻质泡沫夹芯棒。
(3) 预浸料制备: 将增强材料织物和纤维浸渍环氧树脂胶液后烘焙, 使树脂处于半固化阶段(B阶段), 收 卷得到预浸布和预浸纱。
( 4) 预浸料卷绕:
将加工好的轻质泡沫夹芯棒卡装在卷绕机上, 开启卷绕机, 在轻质泡沫夹芯棒上铺绕 2 层〜 4层预热后的预浸布增强材料, 再用加工好的无碱玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料条 (或聚氨酯泡沫条) 将预浸布压入沟槽, 同时在外面用预浸纱缠绕固定, 继续卷绕预浸布到 规定尺寸, 最后环向 90°缠绕一层预浸纱。
( 5 ) 固化:
将上述得到的卷绕了增强材料的轻质泡沫夹芯棒, 放置在固化炉的托架上, 在转动状态 下将树脂固化。 固化加热机制为: 加热到 80°C温度条件下保温 2h, 升温到 100°C保温 1.5h, 再升温到 130°C保温 lh, 再升温到 145 °C保温 2h, 再升温到 160°C保温 4h, 完成加热固化, 自然降至室温, 得到上述的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒。
本实施例的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒的制备方法适宜于生产超大尺寸绝缘支柱、 高 压线杆塔等构件。
实施例 3 : 如图 1所示, 本发明的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒与实施例 1中的绝缘棒 结构和成分基本相同, 其区别仅在于增强材料有所差异, 本实施例用到的增强材料为无碱玻 璃纤维、 无碱玻璃纤维毡和无碱玻璃纤维布。 该轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒是通过下列步 骤制备得到的:
( 1 ) 材料准备:
a. 准备容重为 250±20 kg/m3的聚氨酯泡沫、 无碱玻璃纤维毡、 无碱玻璃纤维布和无碱玻 璃纤维等增强材料;
b. 取 1000份的环氧树脂、 50份的环氧树脂活性增韧剂、 15份的偶联剂、 900份的酸酐 以及 5份的固化促进剂配置环氧树脂胶液;
c 准备内壁设有活动凸条的用于制备夹芯棒 1的两半的环筒状模具以及金属芯轴 5 (凸 条的截面尺寸与设计的加强筋 4的尺寸一致)。
( 2) 制备轻质泡沫夹芯棒
将用于制备夹芯棒 1的环筒状模具以及金属芯轴 5组合在一起, 封闭模具的两端, 并设 置进料口和排气孔, 将聚氨酯发泡料均匀混合后注入模具内, 待发泡完毕, 脱膜, 加工表面 及两端, 清理沟槽, 得到如图 3、 图 4所示的嵌有金属芯轴的轻质泡沫夹芯筒。
( 3 ) 增强材料缠绕:
将得到的嵌有金属芯轴的轻质泡沫夹芯筒卡装在缠绕机上, 开启缠绕机使嵌有金属芯轴 的轻质泡沫夹芯筒转动, 在其上铺绕 2层无碱玻璃纤维毡, 再铺绕 4层无碱玻璃纤维布, 用 配制好的环氧树脂胶液淋湿, 反复辊压, 使环氧树脂浸透织物, 将加强筋沟槽 3上的织物压 入槽内, 使其与嵌有金属芯轴的轻质泡沫夹芯筒紧贴在一起。 将加工好的玻璃钢条 (或聚氨 酯泡沫条) 填入加强筋沟槽 3中, 用无碱玻璃纤维捆扎几道, 以免在嵌有金属芯轴的轻质泡 沫夹芯筒旋转过程中脱落。 此后连续缠绕环氧树脂胶液浸湿的无碱玻璃纤维 (实际应用时, 无碱玻璃纤维的线型可根据具体情况而定) 直到规定外径。
(4) 固化:
将上述得到的缠绕了增强材料的嵌有金属芯轴的轻质泡沫夹芯筒, 放置在固化炉的托架 上, 在转动状态下将树脂固化。 固化加热机制为: 加热到 80°C温度条件下保温 2h, 升温到 100°C保温 2h, 再升温到 130°C保温 lh, 再升温到 145°C保温 1.5h, 再升温到 160°C保温 6h, 完成加热固化, 自然降至室温, 得到绝缘棒坯体, 对坯体进行车加工。
(5) 芯部填充:
将嵌有金属芯轴的轻质泡沫夹芯筒中的金属芯轴 5抽出,清除空心处的管内壁的表面层, 堵住一端, 注入一定量的聚氨酯发泡料, 盖好另一端。 待发泡完毕, 清理两端多余发泡料, 得到上述的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒。
本实施例的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒的制备方法, 适宜于生产中等尺寸支柱绝缘子 芯棒, 可减少模具投入。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式, 本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例, 如在轻 质泡沫夹芯棒中加入玻璃纤维等增强材料进行加强等, 与本发明构思无实质性差异的各种技 术方案均在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒, 包括外部的绝缘筒 (2) 和绝缘筒 (2) 内填充 的夹芯棒(1 ), 其特征在于: 所述绝缘筒(2)为环氧树脂基复合材料制成, 所述夹芯棒(1 ) 为轻质泡沫材料制成, 所述绝缘筒(2) 内壁与所述夹芯棒 (1 )外壁之间紧密贴合, 且构成 绝缘筒 (2) 基体的环氧树脂材料充填到所述夹芯棒 (1 ) 外壁的孔隙中。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒, 其特征在于, 所述绝缘筒(2) 的内壁上设有加强筋 (4), 所述夹芯棒 (1 )外壁上设有与所述加强筋(4) 紧密配合的加强 筋沟槽 (3)。
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒, 其特征在于, 所述绝缘 筒(2) 的增强材料为无碱玻璃纤维、 无碱玻璃纤维布、 无碱玻璃纤维毡、 聚酯布或聚酯毡。
4. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒, 其特征在于, 所述轻质 泡沫材料为密度为 200 kg/m3〜300 kg/m3的聚氨酯泡沫材料。
5. 一种如权利要求 2〜4中任一项所述的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒的制备方法, 包 括以下步骤:
( 1 )制备轻质泡沫夹芯棒:制备一轻质泡沫夹芯棒,并在其外壁上开设加强筋沟槽(3 );
(2)增强材料卷绕: 在所述轻质泡沫夹芯棒外侧铺绕数圈所述绝缘筒(2)的增强材料, 然后用预制的加强筋条填充到所述加强筋沟槽 (3 ) 中, 再继续卷绕增强材料直至达到绝缘 棒要求的外径, 对所述增强材料进行真空干燥处理;
( 3 )真空浸渍: 用环氧树脂胶液将上述步骤(2)后得到的卷筒进行真空浸胶处理, 真 空浸胶处理时的真空压力在 lOOPa以下, 浸胶时间在 90min〜150min;
(4)固化脱模: 对上述步骤(3 )后得到的浸胶卷筒进行加热固化, 固化温度为 80°C〜 160°C, 固化时间为 81!〜 16h, 固化完成后降温、 脱模, 得到轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒。
6. 一种如权利要求 2〜4中任一项所述的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒的制备方法, 包 括以下步骤:
( 1 )制备轻质泡沫夹芯棒:制备一轻质泡沫夹芯棒,并在其外壁上开设加强筋沟槽(3 );
(2)预浸料制备: 将所述绝缘筒(2) 的增强材料浸渍环氧树脂胶液后烘焙, 使树脂处 于半固化状态, 收卷得到预浸料;
( 3 ) 预浸料卷绕: 在所述轻质泡沫夹芯棒上铺绕数圈经预热的预浸料, 再用预制的加 强筋条填充到加强筋沟槽 (3 ) 中, 缠绕固定后继续卷绕预浸料直至达到所述绝缘棒要求的 外径; (4) 固化: 将上述步骤 (3 ) 后得到的卷筒在转动状态下进行加热固化, 固化温度为 80°C〜160°C, 固化时间为 81!〜 16h, 固化完成后降温, 得到轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒。
7. 一种如权利要求 2〜4中任一项所述的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒的制备方法, 包 括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 制备轻质泡沫夹芯棒: 制备一嵌有金属芯轴的轻质泡沫夹芯筒, 并在其外壁上开 设加强筋沟槽 (3);
(2)增强材料缠绕:在装有金属芯轴(5)的轻质泡沫夹芯筒上铺绕数圈所述绝缘筒(2) 的增强材料, 用配制好的环氧树脂胶液淋湿浸透所述增强材料, 再用预制的加强筋条填充到 所述加强筋沟槽 (3) 中, 继续缠绕浸渍了环氧树脂胶液的增强材料直至达到所述绝缘棒要 求的外径;
( 3 ) 固化: 将上述步骤 (2) 后得到的卷筒在转动状态下进行加热固化, 固化温度为 80°C〜160°C, 固化时间为 81!〜 16h, 固化完成后降温;
(4) 芯部填充: 将上述轻质泡沫夹芯筒中的金属芯轴抽出, 在空心处灌注填满轻质泡 沫材料, 得到轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒。
8. 根据权利要求 5〜7中任一项所述的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒的制备方法, 其特 征在于, 所述加热固化的具体操作为: 加热到 80°C温度条件下保温 1.51!〜 2h, 升温到 100°C 保温 11!〜 2h,再升温到 130°C保温 11!〜 2h,再升温到 145°C保温 1.51!〜 4.5h,再升温到 160°C 保温 41!〜 6h, 完成加热固化。
9. 根据权利要求 5〜7中任一项所述的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒的制备方法, 其特 征在于, 所述环氧树脂胶液包含:
1000质量份的环氧树脂、
45〜55质量份的环氧树脂活性增韧剂、
10〜20质量份的偶联剂、
800〜1000质量份酸酐、
0〜40质量份的双氰胺 和
5〜8质量份的固化促进剂。
10. 根据权利要求 5〜7 中任一项所述的轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒的制备方法, 其 特征在于, 所述预制的加强筋条为聚氨酯泡沫条或无碱玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料 条。
PCT/CN2011/072079 2010-12-16 2011-03-23 轻质泡沫夹芯复合材料绝缘棒及其制备方法 WO2012079315A1 (zh)

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