WO2012078798A1

WO2012078798A1 - Methods of processing organic matter and compositions thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2012078798A1
Application number: PCT/US2011/063807
Authority: WO
Inventors: Lalit Lodha; Yuval Kwintner; Bruce Compton
Original assignee: Bananalogix, Inc.
Priority date: 2010-12-07
Filing date: 2011-12-07
Publication date: 2012-06-14

Abstract

ABSTRACT The present invention relates to methods of processing organic matter. More particularly, the invention provides methods of processing organic matter whereby certain target components are depleted or reduced while retaining desired non-target components. Also provided are the processed organic matter derivatives made by the methods of the invention and products containing the processed organic matter derivatives of the invention. Methods of using the processed organic matter derivatives and the products containing the processed organic matter derivatives are also provided.

Description

METHODS OF PROCESSING ORGANIC MATTER AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Consumer awareness of health issues, particularly the importance of the use of naturally occurring "nutraceuticals" and healthy food products has been rapidly increasing. Fruits and vegetables have been shown through a variety of clinical trials and publications to be an important part of a healthy diet including providing health benefits to a host of ailments. Fruits and vegetables often include sugars, starches and other ingredients/nutrients that can counteract the inherent healthy benefits.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a method of processing organic matter by removing one or more target components from organic matter while retaining non-target components.

In one embodiment of the invention, a method of processing organic matter includes the steps of:

a) providing organic matter;

b) optionally preparing the organic matter one or more times;

c) optionally sanitizing the organic matter one or more times;

d) removing one or more targeted nutrients from the sanitized organic matter one or more times; and

e) optionally removing liquid from the targeted nutrient depleted or reduced organic matter one or more times.

In another embodiment of the invention, a method of processing organic matter includes the steps of:

a) providing organic matter;

b) optionally preparing the organic matter one or more times;

c) removing starch from the prepared organic matter one or more times;

d) removing sugar from the starch reduced organic matter one or more times;

e) optionally sanitizing the sugar and starch reduced organic matter one or more times; and f) optionally removing liquid from the sanitized organic matter.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, a method of processing organic matter includes the steps of:

a) providing organic matter;

b) optionally preparing organic matter one or more times;

c) optionally sanitizing the prepared organic matter one or more times;

d) separating a sugar mixture and a starch mixture from the sanitized organic matter one or more times;

e) removing sugar from the sugar mixture one or more times;

f) removing starch from the starch mixture one or more times;

g) optionally removing liquid from the starch and sugar depleted or reduced mixtures one or more times; and

h) optionally combining the starch and sugar depleted or reduced mixtures.

Organic matter that can be used in the methods of the invention include, but are not limited to: edible or non-edible plant matter and edible or non-edible animal matter.

Animal matter to be provided includes, but is not limited to dairy products and muscle protein products.

Plant matter to be provided includes, but is not limited to fungi (e.g., mushrooms, truffles, rusts, smuts, molds, yeasts, rots), protista (e.g., algae, amoebae, flagellates, sporozoans, ciliates, water molds, diatoms, slime molds), plantae— bryophytes (e.g., mosses, liverworts, hornworts), plantae— seedless vascular plants (e.g., ferns, fern allies, horsetails), plantae— gymnoosperms: conifers, cycads, gnetophytes (e.g., pines junipers, yews, sequoia), or plantae— anthophyta:

angiosperms, flowering plants.

Preferred plant matter to be provided includes, but is not limited to fruits, vegetables, herbs, grains, grasses, legumes or combinations thereof. Examples of fruits and vegetables that can be used in the methods of the invention include, but are not limited to: apples, apricots, bananas, plantains, cantaloupes, grapefruits, pineapples, strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, blackberries, acai berries, watermelons, honeydew melons, bitter melons cactus pears, carambolas, cherimoyas, dates, feijoas, figs, oranges, Clementines, tangerines, limes, lemons, grapes, raisins, plums, prunes, guavas, kiwis, kumquats, loquats, lychees, mangoes, mangosteens, monster deliciosas, papayas, passion fruits, pepinoes, persimmons, physales, pomeloes, cherries, pomegranates, rambutans, peaches, pears, tamarinds, quinces, cranberries, coconuts, goji berries, nectarines, black currants, red currants, gooseberries, pumpkins, beets, beet greens, carrots, tomatoes, potatoes, sweet potatoes, yams, kales, broccolis, onions, celeries, avocadoes, cucumbers, garlics, artichokes, nuts or combinations thereof

The invention also provides a processed organic matter derivative made by the methods of the invention.

The invention also provides a processed organic matter derivative containing one or more non-target components and depleted or reduced of one or more target components.

The invention also provides products incorporating the processed organic matter derivatives of the invention. The processed organic matter derivatives of the invention can make up the whole of the products or be one ingredient of the products.

Products of the invention can include, but are not limited to, , food, beverages, bars, cereals, baked goods, candies, chocolates, salt alternatives, dairy products, cosmetics, soaps, cleansers, perfumes, skin care products, oral care products, personal care products, herbal products, botanicals, supplements, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, furniture, paper, textiles or industrial materials.

The invention also provides methods for preventing, treating or stabilizing health conditions by administering the processed organic matter derivatives of the invention or the products incorporating the processed organic matter derivatives of the invention to a mammal in need thereof.

Health conditions that can be prevented, treated or stabilized by the methods of the invention can include, but are not limited to: hypertension, stroke, nervous system disorders, kidney disorders, osteoporosis, anemia, nausea, stress, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, menopause, morning sickness, pregnancy-related temperature disorders, hot flashes, heartburn, ulcers, cancer, constipation, diarrhea, macular degeneration, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, nicotine withdrawal symptoms, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, mosquito bites, autoimmune diseases, inflammation, HIV infection, flu, colds, pain, viral infections, bacterial infections, muscle health, metabolic syndromes, Alzheimer's disease, infections, sinusitis, thrombosis, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, IBS, exercise, vitamin deficiencies, protein deficiencies, enzyme deficiencies, or mineral deficiencies as well as maintaining healthy levels of vitamins, proteins, minerals and enzymes.

The invention also provides methods for treating or enhancing the appearance of keratin- containing tissues, such as skin, hair and nails. Conditions or events affecting the appearance of keratin-containing tissues that can be treated or enhanced include, but are not limited to, excema, rashes, psoriasis, cancer, cellulitis, wrinkles, spider veins, dry skin, age spots and sun damage.

For a better understanding of the present teachings, together with other and further objects thereof, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and detailed description and its scope will be pointed out in the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of one process of the invention;

Figure 2 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention;

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention;

Figure 4 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention;

Figure 5 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention;

Figure 6 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention;

Figure 7 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention;

Figure 8 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention;

Figure 9 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention;

Figure 10 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention;

Figure 11 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention;

Figure 12 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention;

Figure 13 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention;

Figure 14 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention;

Figure 15 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention;

Figure 16 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention;

Figure 17 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention;

Figure 18 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention;

Figure 19 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention; Figure 20 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention;

Figure 21 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention;

Figure 22 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention;

Figure 23 is a diagrammatic representation of another process of the invention;

Figure 24A is a Certificate of Analysis showing the nutritional content of the composition in the liquid solution form of a processed organic matter derivative of the invention;

Figure 24B is a table showing the nutrition facts of the composition in the liquid solution form of a processed organic matter derivative of the invention;

Figure 25 A is a Certificate of Analysis showing the nutritional content of the composition in the dough form of a processed organic matter derivative of the invention;

Figure 25B is a table showing the nutrition facts of the composition in the dough form of a processed organic matter derivative of the invention;

Figure 26 is a Certificate of Analysis showing the nutritional content of the composition in a partially lyophilized form of a processed organic matter derivative of the invention;

Figures 27A and 27B is a table showing the nutritional content of 1 OOg of a banana extract in a partially lyophilized form of a processed organic matter derivative of the invention compared to lOOg of banana fruit and lOOg of dehydrated banana fruit; and

Figure 28 is a table showing the nutritional content of lOOg of a banana extract in a partially lyophilized form of a processed organic matter derivative of the invention compared to lOOg of inulin (chicory root) and lOOg of polydextrose.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In describing and claiming the present invention, the following terminology will be used in accordance with the definitions set forth below.

The singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to "a solvent" includes reference to one or more of such solvents, and reference to "the excipient" includes reference to one or more of such excipients. "Formulation" and "composition" can be used interchangeably and refer to a combination of elements that is presented together for a given purpose. Such terms are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

"Processed organic matter derivative", "processed organic matter", "fruit and/or vegetable extract", "extract", "processed food", and "processed food derivative" can be used interchangeably and refer to organic matter that is depleted or reduced in certain target components while retaining desired non-target components.

"Sub-component of organic matter" refers to a part of a whole organic matter. For example, the pulp is a sub-component of an organic matter that likely also contains at least skin or rind and seeds in its whole form.

"Nutraceutical" or "supplement" can be used interchangeably and refer to natural health products of a specified dose for diagnosing disease, treating disease or lowering the risk of getting disease by restoring or correcting function or maintaining/promoting health.

"Pharmaceutical" refers to drugs containing an active medicinal ingredient, which may or may not be from a natural source. Pharmaceuticals include natural ingredients that have been transformed by a chemical process and newly synthesized chemical compounds or compositions.

"Excipients" refers to one or more agents that can be combined with a processed organic matter derivative in order to provide specifically desired physical or chemical properties, such as improved stability, flow, texture, etc. Various materials are known as excipients in both the pharmaceutical and organic matter industries.

"Carrier", "inert carrier", and "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" can be used interchangeable and refer to an inert carrier which can be combined with a processed organic matter derivative in order to provide a desired formulation form. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize a number of carriers that are well known for making specific dosage forms, such as liquids, tablets, capsules, powders, granules, creams, food products, etc.

"Solvent", "co-solvent" refer to substances in which the organic matters are dissolved or suspended to effect processing and making of the processed organic matter derivatives of the invention. Solvent includes water and additionally can include chemicals to adjust various characteristics such as, the salinity or polarity and the pH.

"An effective amount" refers to an amount of the specified constituent that is effective in attaining the purpose for which the constituent is provided. For example, an effective amount of a carrier would be an amount suitable for accepting a processed organic matter derivative and then providing a specified formulation, such as a tablet, granule, powder, cream etc.

Concentrations, amounts, solubilities, and other numerical data can be presented herein in a range format. It is to be understood that such range format is used merely for convenience and brevity and should be interpreted flexibly to include not only the numerical values explicitly recited as the limits of the range, but also to include all the individual numerical values or subranges encompassed within that range as if each numerical value and sub-range is explicitly recited.

For example, a concentration range of 1 to 5 should be interpreted to include not only the explicitly recited limits of 1 and 5, but also to include individual values such as 2, 3.6, 4.2, and sub-ranges such as 1-2.5, 1.8-3.2, 2.6-4.9, etc. This interpretation should apply regardless of the breadth of the range or the characteristic being described, and also applies to open-ended ranges reciting only one end point, such as "greater than 25" or "less than 10."

The invention provides a method of making a processed organic matter derivative by removing one or more targeted components while retaining non-target components.

The steps of the method can be performed in various orders and in some cases one or more of the steps can be performed simultaneously. For example, in embodiments where the method includes a step of generating a starch mixture and a sugar mixture by separating and then further steps are performed on each mixture, the further steps can be performed simultaneously. In addition each step can be repeated one or more times as needed.

In one embodiment of the invention, a method of making a processed organic matter derivative includes the steps of:

a) providing organic matter;

b) optionally preparing the organic matter one or more times;

c) removing starches from the prepared organic matter one or more times;

d) removing sugar from the starch depleted or reduced organic matter one or more times;

e) optionally sanitizing the sugar and starch depleted or reduced organic matter one or more times; and

f) optionally removing liquid from the sanitized organic matter. In another embodiment of the invention, a method of making a processed organic matter derivative includes the steps of:

a) providing organic matter;

b) optionally preparing the organic matter one or more times;

c) removing sugar from the prepared organic matter one or more times; d) removing starch from the sugar depleted or reduced organic matter one or more times;

e) optionally sanitizing the starch and sugar depleted or reduced organic matter one or more times; and

f) optionally removing liquid from the sanitized organic matter one or more times. In another embodiment of the invention, a method of making a processed organic matter derivative includes the steps of:

a) providing organic matter;

b) optionally preparing the organic matter one or more times;

c) optionally sanitizing the prepared organic matter one or more times; d) removing starch from the sanitized organic matter one or more times; e) removing sugar from the starch depleted or reduced organic matter one or more times; and

f) optionally removing liquid from the sugar and starch depleted or reduced organic matter one or more times.

In another embodiment of the invention, a method of making a processed organic matter derivative includes the steps of:

a) providing organic matter;

b) optionally preparing the organic matter one or more times;

c) optionally sanitizing the prepared organic matter one or more times; d) removing sugar from the sanitized organic matter one or more times; e) removing starch from the sugar depleted or reduced organic matter one or more times; and

f) optionally removing liquid from the starch and sugar depleted or reduced organic matter one or more times In another embodiment of the invention, a method of making a processed organic matter derivative includes the steps of:

a) providing organic matter;

b) optionally preparing organic matter one or more times;

c) optionally sanitizing the prepared organic matter one or more times;

e) removing sugar from the sugar mixture one or more times;

f) removing starch from the starch mixture one or more times;

h) optionally combining the starch and sugar depleted or reduced mixtures.

a) providing organic matter;

b) optionally preparing organic matter one or more times;

c) separating a sugar mixture and a starch mixture from the prepared organic matter one or more times;

d) removing starch from the starch mixture one or more times;

e) removing sugar from the sugar mixture one or more times;

f) optionally sanitizing the starch and sugar depleted or reduced mixtures; g) optionally removing liquid from the starch and sugar depleted or reduced

mixtures one or more times; and

h) optionally combining the starch and sugar depleted or reduced mixtures.

a) providing organic matter;

b) optionally preparing the organic matter one or more times;

c) optionally sanitizing the prepared organic matter one or more times;

d) removing one or more targeted nutrients from the sanitized organic matter one or more times; and e) optionally removing liquid from the targeted nutrient depleted or reduced organic matter one or more times

a) providing organic matter;

b) optionally preparing the organic matter one or more times;

c) removing one or more targeted nutrients from the prepared organic matter one or more times;

d) optionally sanitizing the targeted nutrient depleted or reduced organic matter one or more times; and

e) optionally removing the liquid from the sanitized organic matter one or more times.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, a method of making a processed organic matter derivative includes the steps of:

a) providing organic matter;

b optionally preparing the organic matter one or more times;

c) optionally sanitizing the prepared organic matter one or more times; d) removing one or more targeted nutrient from the sanitized organic matter one or more times; and

e) optionally removing liquid from the targeted nutrients depleted or reduced organic matter one or more times.

In various embodiments of the invention each step of the method is performed at an average temperature between about -80-200 degrees Celsius to prevent loss of vitamins except when sanitizing by heating or pasteurizing. For example, each step of the method is performed at an average temperature between about -80-0, -20-0, 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-60, 60-75, 75-100, 100-150, 150-200 degrees Celcius. Each step can be performed at or near the same temperature as the previous step in the method or each step can be performed at a different temperature from the previous step in the method.

In some embodiments of the invention the organic matter can be edible or non-edible plant matter and edible or non-edible animal matter. Animal matter to be provided includes, but is not limited to dairy products and muscle protein products. Plant matter to be provided includes, but is not limited to fungi (e.g., mushrooms, truffles, rusts, smuts, molds, yeasts, rots), protista (e.g., algae, amoebae, flagellates, sporozoans, ciliates, water molds, diatoms, slime molds), plantae— bryophytes (e.g., mosses, liverworts, hornworts), plantae— seedless vascular plants (e.g., ferns, fern allies, horsetails), plantae— gymnoosperms: conifers, cycads, gnetophytes (e.g., pines junipers, yews, sequoia), or plantae— anthophyta: angiosperms, flowering plants.

The plant matter is listed in plural form as it is meant to include different varietals or species of plants as well as hybrids and genetically modified organisms (GMO's).

In preferred embodiments of the invention the organic matter can be fruits, vegetables or combinations thereof. Examples of fruits and vegetables that can be used in the methods of the invention include, but are not limited to: apples, apricots, bananas, plantains, cantaloupes, grapefruits, pineapples, strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, blackberries, acai berries, watermelons, honeydew melons, bitter melons, cactus pears, carambolas, cherimoyas, dates, feijoas, figs, oranges, Clementines, tangerines, limes, lemons, grapes, raisins, plums, prunes, guavas, kiwis, kumquats, loquats, lychees, mangoes, mangosteens, monster deliciosas, papayas, passion fruits, pepinoes, persimmons, physales, pomeloes, cherries, pomegranates, rambutans, peaches, pears, tamarinds, quinces, cranberries, coconuts, goji berries, nectarines, black currants, red currants, gooseberries, pumpkins, beets, beet greens, carrots, tomatoes, potatoes, sweet potatoes, yams, legumes, kales, broccolis, onions, celeries, avocadoes, cucumbers, garlics, artichokes, nuts, herbs or combinations thereof. In addition to the fruits and vegetables explicitly listed here, one of skill in the art will recognize that the organic matter includes further fruits and vegetables as widely accepted in the culinary field.

Fruits or vegetables or combinations thereof can be chosen at a desired stage of ripeness depending on the desired purpose or use of the processed organic matter derivative.

For example, in one aspect of the invention Stage 12 ripe bananas are selected and provided. Stage 12 bananas are characterized as having turned black and would normally be discarded. Selecting very ripe fruits or vegetables can provide for a starting material that is low in starch and high in sugar, thereby providing for easier carbohydrate removal.

Or for example, in one aspect of the invention Stage 1 unripe bananas are selected and provided. Stage 1 bananas are characterized as being green and unripened and normally need to be aged to be normally consumed. Selecting very unripe fruits and vegetables can provide for a starting material that is high in starch and low in sugar, providing for removal of starch without significant processing to remove sugar.

In addition to fresh fruits, vegetables or combinations thereof, dried or frozen fruits, vegetables or combinations thereof can be selected and provided for use in the methods of the invention.

Various embodiments of the invention are directed to methods of making a processed organic matter derivative including one or more steps of dividing the input material (i.e., organic matter) into two or more mixtures or sub-components.

Various embodiments of the invention are directed to methods of making a processed organic matter derivative including one or more steps of preparing organic matter or a subcomponent of a organic matter. The steps of preparing can include: a) washing organic matter or a sub-component of a organic matter by repeatedly one or more times submerging, applying running solution, soaking, or cleaning; and/or b) transforming the washed organic matter into a form that can be further manipulated by repeatedly one or more times homogenizing, blending, chopping, slicing, cutting, mincing, pulverizing, grinding, milling, tearing, pressurizing, sonicating, filtering, diluting, osmotic shocking, freeze thawing, or applying enzymes. Solutions that can be used in the preparing step include, but are not limited to, water, alcohol, cleaning agents or combinations of all of the aforementioned and may include other ingredients that are not used to wash the organic matter or sub-component

In other embodiments of the invention the step of preparing organic matter includes transforming a organic matter or a sub-component of a organic matter followed by washing the transformed organic matter or sub-component.

In other embodiments of the invention the step of preparing organic matter includes only transforming a organic matter or a sub-component of a organic matter.

In yet other embodiments of the invention the step of preparing organic matter includes only washing a organic matter or a sub-component of a organic matter.

In one aspect of preparing organic matter the quantity of organic matter can be mixed with an amount of water, alcohol, buffers, solvents or combinations thereof, which is sufficient to provide a ratio of organic matter mass to water of from about 1 : 1 to about 1 :2 (w/w). In another aspect, the ratio can be from about 1 :2 to about 1 :5. In yet another aspect, the ratio can be about 1 :5 to about 1 :10. Various embodiments of the invention are directed to methods of making a processed organic matter derivative that is edible including one or more steps of sanitizing organic matter or a sub-component of a organic matter to remove, kill or inactivate or reduce in quantity bacteria, fungi, yeasts, microbes, mold or viruses or any non-edible item. Sanitizing can be achieved through the use of: a homogenizer, cell disrupter, UV rays, sonicator, radiation, pressurizer, filter, freeze thawer, lyophilizer, pasteurizer, heat pulse, gas, extended heat, rapid short heating, or chemicals including, but not limited to acids, bases, enzymes, anti-biotics, antifungal, alcohol or combinations thereof.

Various embodiments of the invention are directed to methods of making a processed organic matter derivative including one or more steps of removing one or more target component/ingredient while retaining one or more non-target component/ingredient.

Target components and non-target components collectively include sugars, starches, lipids, carbohydrates, pectin, alcohol, water, vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, fibers, phytochemicals, esters, metabolites or combinations thereof

In certain preferred embodiments, "target components" "targets", or "target nutrients" that can be depleted or reduced in the methods of the invention and in the processed organic matter derivatives of the invention include, but are not limited to: sugars, starches, lipids, carbohydrates, pectin, alcohol, water or combinations thereof. Target components can also include chemicals or agents added during any step of the methods of the invention. For example, agents can include enzymes or microorganisms.

In certain preferred embodiments, "non-target components", "non-targets" or "target nutrients" that can be retained in the methods of the invention and in the processed organic matter derivatives of the invention include, but are not limited to: vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, fibers, phytochemicals, esters, metabolites or combinations thereof.

In various embodiments of the invention the removing of targets is achieved by separating target components from the organic matter or a sub-component of organic matter. The separating of target components from organic matter can be achieved by means including, but not limited to, centrifugation, filtration, washing (adding a liquid solution such as water and alcohol and re-separating) chromatography, dialysis, pressurization, using a separatory funnel, ITIES (Interface between Two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions) partitioning, electrophoresis, ionic transfer, multiphase liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, absorption, osmosis, reverse osmosis, lyophilization, drying, distillation, flocculation, precipitation, adding chemicals such as acids, bases, enzymes, alcohol, solvent, liquid-liquid partitioning/extraction, or liquid-solid partitioning/extraction, magnetic separation. The separated material can be collected and washed with a solvent such as water or alcohol. After washing the separated material can be re-separated using any of the means listed above.

Various embodiments of the invention are directed to methods of making a processed organic matter derivative including one or more steps of removing liquids from organic matter or a sub-component of organic matter. Removing liquids such as water and/or alcohol can be achieved by reverse osmosis, lyophilization, drying, spray drying, drum drying, distillation, supercritical drying or combinations thereof. The removing of liquids can result in a fully dehydrated product or partially dehydrated product.

In certain particular embodiments of the invention, the one or more target is sugar. The methods of the invention include one or more repeating steps of removing sugar from organic matter or removing sugar from a sub-component of organic matter; the steps for removing sugar can include:

a) fermenting the organic matter or sub-component through one or more of the following means:

i. using microbes that are separated from the organic matter or sub-component by a filter; or

ii. using immobilized microbes; or

iii. using free microbes that are added to organic matter or a sub-component of a organic matter; and

b) if necessary, removing any residual microbes, microbe tastes, microbe smells, yeast, yeast smells, yeast taste, extraneous taste and extraneous post-fermented nutrients; and

c) optionally, processing the fermented organic matter or sub-component through one or more steps for separating target components.

Alternatively, In certain particular embodiments of the invention, the one or more target is sugar and/or starch. The methods of the invention include one or more repeating steps of removing sugar and/or starch from organic matter or removing sugar and/or starch from a sub- component of organic matter by:

a) incubating the organic matter or sub-component with one or more enzymes, such as alpha-amylase, branch amylase, gluco-amylase, cold active amylases, glucose oxidase, fructose oxidase, sucrose oxidase as well as others; and

b) optionally, processing the enzymatically-treated organic matter or sub-component through one or more steps for separating target components.

Alternatively, the methods of the invention include one or more repeating steps of removing sugar and/or starch from organic matter or removing sugar and/or starch from a subcomponent of organic matter by:

a) incubating the organic matter or sub-component with one or more enzymes, such as alpha-amylase, branch amylase, gluco-amylase, cold active amylases, glucose oxidase, fructose oxidase, sucrose oxidase as well as others;

b) fermenting the enzymatically-treated organic matter through one or more of the following means:

ii. using immobilized microbes; or

c) if necessary, removing any residual microbes, microbe tastes, microbe smells, yeast, yeast smells, yeast taste, extraneous taste and extraneous post-fermented nutrients; and

d) optionally, processing the fermented organic matter or sub-component through one or more steps for separating target components.

a) fermenting organic matter primarily through one or more of the following means: i. using microbes that are separated from the organic matter or sub-component by a filter; or

ii. using immobilized microbes; or

iii. using free microbes that are added to a organic matter or a sub-component of a organic matter; and b) incubating the previously fermented organic matter or sub-component with an enzyme such as alpha-amylase, branch amylase, gluco-amylase, cold active amylases, glucose oxidase, fructose oxidase, sucrose oxidase as well as others;

Alternatively, the methods of the invention include one or more repeating steps of removing sugar and/or starch from organic matter or removing sugar and/or starch from a sub- component of a organic matter by:

a) incubating the organic matter or sub-component with an enzyme such as alpha- amylase, branch amylase, gluco-amylase, cold active amylases, glucose oxidase, fructose oxidase, sucrose oxidase as well as others;

b) separating one or more targeted nutrients from the enzymatically-treated organic matter or sub-component

c) fermenting the enzyme-treated organic matter through one or more of the following means:

i. using microbes that are separated from the enzyme-treated organic matter or subcomponent by a filter; or

ii. using immobilized microbes; or

iii. using free microbes that are added to the enzyme-treated organic matter or subcomponent;

d) if necessary, removing any residual microbes, microbe tastes, microbe smells, yeast, yeast smells, yeast taste, extraneous taste and extraneous post-fermented nutrients; and

e) optionally, processing the fermented organic matter or sub-component through one or more steps for separating target components.

a) fermenting the organic matter primarily through one or more of the following means: i. using microbes that are separated from the organic matter or sub-component by a filter; or

ii. using immobilized microbes; or

iii. using free microbes that are added to a organic matter or a sub-component of a organic matter;

b) separating one or more target components from the fermented organic matter or subcomponent

c) incubating the fermented organic matter or sub-component with

an enzyme such as alpha-amylase, branch amylase, gluco-amylase, cold active amylases, glucose oxidase, fructose oxidase, sucrose oxidase as well as others;

d) if necessary, removing any residual microbes, microbes smells, microbes taste, yeast, yeast smells, extraneous taste and extraneous post-fermented nutrients; and

e) optionally, processing the fermented, enzyme-treated organic matter through one or more steps for separating target components.

In all embodiments of the methods of the invention, enzyme incubations can be performed sequentially or simultaneously.

In various embodiments of the invention the microbes are yeasts.

In various embodiments, fermentation is conducted at a low pH ~ at or below 7.

Fermentation can be conducted with a high water content (over 75%) to facilitate mass transfer and proper operation of the yeast. Post-fermentation the process can include a filtering step to remove yeast remnants.

Alternatively, fermentation can be performed using immobilized yeast to reduce yeast content, taste and smell in the final product. Yeast can be immobilized on by attachment to a surface, such as magnetic particles or hydroxyapatite ("HAP") ceramic grains. In the case of the former the yeast can be separated from the fermentation slurry using magnets. Alternatively, the yeast can be physically separated from the fermentation using a filter between two bioreactor compartments. When fermenting using microbes that are physically sequestered or isolated to an area separate from the organic matter being processed, the microbes can be sequestered or isolated using uni-directional filters that are shaped in the form of a bag or an open top bag. Various types of filters can be used including transverse flow filters or bio-reactor sequestering filters. Both aerobic and anaerobic fermentation may occur to produce the final product.

Ingredients such as ascorbic acid or alcohol may be added to the mixture before, during or after fermentation to prevent bacterial growth. In certain embodiments of the invention, all chemicals, solvents, buffers, enzymes or microbes contacting the organic matter throughout the process can be GRAS ingredients.

The invention also provides compositions that are a processed organic matter derivative made by any of the methods described herein.

The invention also provides compositions that are a processed organic matter derivative containing one or more non-target components and depleted of or reduced in one or more target components.

In further embodiments of the invention other ingredients can be added to the processed organic matter derivatives. Examples of other ingredients that can be used in the methods of the invention include, but are not limited to: vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, fibers, phytochemicals or combinations thereof. In some embodiments of the invention, all added ingredients are "GRAS" (generally recognized as safe) ingredients for food, beverages and cosmetics.

The specific combinations of target components removed and non-target components retained depends on the desired purpose or use of the processed organic matter derivative.

Likewise, the amount of depletion or reduction of target components and the amount of retention of non-target components depend on the desired purpose or use of the processed organic matter derivative. In addition, the choice of whether to add other ingredients, and if so, in which combinations and amounts depends on the desired purpose or use of the processed organic matter derivative.

The processed organic matter derivative can include less than about 100% of the initial amount of one or more target component content of said organic matter. Alternatively, the processed organic matter derivative can include less than about 99%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 55%, 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 2%, 1%, or 0.1% of the initial amount of one or more target component of said organic matter.

Alternatively, the processed organic matter derivative can include about 0% of the initial amount of one or more target component content of said organic matter. The processed organic matter derivative of the invention can include about 100% of the initial amount of one or more non-target component. Alternatively, the processed organic matter derivative of the invention can include at least about 99%, 98%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 55%, 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 2%, 1%, or 0.1% of the initial amount of one or more non-target component.

The processed organic matter derivatives of the invention can be used in products such as food, beverages, bars, cereals, baked goods, candies, chocolates, dairy products, cosmetics, soaps, cleansers, perfumes, skin care products, oral care products, personal care products, herbal products, botanicals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics pharmaceuticals furniture, paper, textiles or industrial materials.

Depending on the use of the processed organic matter derivatives or the products incorporating the processed organic derivatives the form can be a liquid, dough, powder, or flakes. The various forms in turn can be further formulated as aerosols, eye drops, shampoos, conditioners, soaps, creams, ointments, masks, skin patches, suppositories, injectables, capsules, caplets, or tablets. The forms can be chewable forms, immediate release forms, sustained release forms, controlled release forms, slow release forms or dissolving forms.

Depending on the use of the processed organic matter derivatives or the products incorporating the processed organic derivatives can be administered via various means including orally, topically, intravenously, by applying to or inserting into body cavities, or by inhaling.

The processed organic matter derivatives of the invention or products using or incorporating the processed organic matter derivatives of the invention as one or more ingredients or components can be used to prevent, treat or stabilize health conditions. Such health conditions can include, but are not limited to: hypertension, stroke, nervous system disorders, kidney disorders, osteoporosis, anemia, nausea, stress, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, menopause, morning sickness, pregnancy-related temperature disorders, hot flashes, heartburn, ulcers, cancer, constipation, diarrhea, macular degeneration, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, nicotine withdrawal symptoms, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, mosquito bites, autoimmune diseases, inflammation, HIV infection, flu, colds, pain, viral infections, bacterial infections, muscle health, metabolic syndromes, Alzheimer's disease, infections, sinusitis, thrombosis, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, IBS, exercise, vitamin deficiencies, protein deficiencies, enzyme deficiencies, mineral deficiencies as well as maintaining healthy levels of vitamins, proteins, minerals and enzymes.

Preventing health conditions refers to lowering or reducing the risk of contracting or developing an adverse health condition.

Treating health conditions refers to alleviating, lessening or minimizing the symptoms of an adverse health condition.

Stabilizing health conditions refers to alleviating, lessening or minimizing the progression of an adverse health condition.

The invention also provides methods for treating, maintaining or enhancing the appearance of keratin-containing tissues, such as skin, hair and nails.

Treating keratin-containing tissues refers to alleviating, lessening or minimizing the symptoms of an adverse condition affecting keratin-containing tissue.

Enhancing the appearance of keratin-containing tissues refers to masking or

camoflauging the symptoms of an adverse condition affecting keratin-containing tissue; or masking or camoflauging the signs of aging associated with keratin-containing tissue.

Referring to Figure 1 process (1) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (1) proceeds to removing one or more target components or target nutrients (103), from (103) process (1) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). In Figure 1, the organic matter being processed can optionally be sanitized (107) between inputting organic matter (101) and removing target components (103) or after removing target components (103). Likewise, additional unwanted ingredients or particulate matter can be removed (109), if necessary, between inputting organic matter (101) and removing target components (103) or after removing target components (103). In addition, the organic matter being processed can optionally be prepared (111) via washing and/or manipulating the organic matter between inputting organic matter (101) and removing target components (103) or after removing target components (103).

Referring to Figure 2, process (2) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (2) proceeds to converting starch to sugar (113), from (113) process (2) proceeds to removing sugar (131) from (131) process (2) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). In Figure 2, the organic matter being processed can optionally be sanitized (107) between inputting organic matter (101) and converting starch to sugar (1 13) or between converting starch to sugar (113) and removing sugar (131) or after removing sugar (131). Likewise, additional unwanted ingredients or particulate matter can be removed (109), if necessary, between inputting organic matter (101) and converting starch to sugar (113) or between converting starch to sugar (113) and removing sugar (131) or after removing sugar (131). In addition, the organic matter being processed can optionally be prepared (111) via washing and/or manipulating the organic matter between inputting organic matter (101) and converting starch to sugar (113) or between converting starch to sugar (113) and removing sugar (131) or after removing sugar (131).

Referring to Figure 3, process (3) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (3) proceeds to removing sugar (131) from (131) process (3) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). In Figure 3, the organic matter being processed can optionally be sanitized (107) between inputting organic matter (101) and removing sugar (131) or after removing sugar (131). Likewise, additional unwanted ingredients or particulate matter can be removed (109), if necessary, between inputting organic matter (101) and removing sugar (131) or after removing sugar (131). In addition, the organic matter being processed can optionally be prepared (1 1 1) via washing and/or manipulating the organic matter between inputting organic matter (101) and removing sugar (131) or after removing sugar (131).

Referring to Figure 4, process (4) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (4) proceeds to converting starch to sugar (1 13), from (113) process (4) proceeds to removing sugar (131) from (131) process (4) proceeds to drying (115), from (115) process (4) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). In Figure 4, the organic matter being processed can optionally be sanitized (107) between inputting organic matter (101) and converting starch to sugar (113) or between converting starch to sugar (113) and removing sugar (131), or between removing sugar (131) and drying (115) or after drying (115). Likewise, additional unwanted ingredients or particulate matter can be removed (109), if necessary, between inputting organic matter (101) and converting starch to sugar (113) or between converting starch to sugar (113) and removing sugar (131), or between removing sugar (131) and drying (115) or after drying (115). In addition, the organic matter being processed can optionally be prepared (111) via washing and/or manipulating the organic matter between inputting organic matter (101) and converting starch to sugar (1 13) or between converting starch to sugar (113) and removing sugar (131) or between removing sugar (131) and drying (115) or after drying (115).

Referring to Figure 5, process (5) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (5) proceeds to removing sugar (131) from (131) process (5) proceeds to drying (115), from (115) process (5) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). In Figure 5, the organic matter being processed can optionally be sanitized (107) between inputting organic matter (101) and removing sugar (131), or between removing sugar (131) and drying (115) or after drying (115). Likewise, additional unwanted ingredients or particulate matter can be removed (109), if necessary, between inputting organic matter (101) and removing sugar (131), or between removing sugar (131) and drying (115) or after drying (115). In addition, the organic matter being processed can optionally be prepared (111) via washing and/or manipulating the organic matter between inputting organic matter (101) and removing sugar (131) or between removing sugar (131) and drying (115) or after drying (115).

Referring to Figure 6, process (6) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (5) proceeds to removing starch (133), from (133) process (6) proceeds to removing sugar (131) from (131) process (6) proceeds to drying (115), from (115) process (6) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). In Figure 6, the organic matter being processed can optionally be sanitized (107) between inputting organic matter (101) and removing starch (133) or between removing starch (133) and removing sugar (131), or between removing sugar (131) and drying (1 15) or after drying (115). Likewise, additional unwanted ingredients or particulate matter can be removed (109), if necessary, between inputting organic matter (101) and removing starch (133) or between removing starch (133) and removing sugar (131), or between removing sugar (131) and drying (115) or after drying (115). In addition, the organic matter being processed can optionally be prepared (111) via washing and/or manipulating the organic matter between inputting organic matter (101) and removing starch (133), or between removing starch (133) and removing sugar (131) or between removing sugar (131) and drying (115) or after drying (115).

Referring to Figure 7, process (7) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (7) proceeds to removing sugar (131), from (131) process (7) proceeds to removing starch (133) from (133) process (7) proceeds to drying (115), from (115) process (7) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). In Figure 7, the organic matter being processed can optionally be sanitized (107) between inputting organic matter (101) and removing sugar (131) or between removing sugar (131) and removing starch (133), or between removing starch (133) and drying (115) or after drying (115). Likewise, additional unwanted ingredients or particulate matter can be removed (109), if necessary, between inputting organic matter (101) and removing sugar (131) or between removing sugar (131) and removing starch (133), or between removing starch (133) and drying (115) or after drying (115). In addition, the organic matter being processed can optionally be prepared (11 1) via washing and/or manipulating the organic matter between inputting organic matter (101) and removing sugar (131), or between removing sugar (131) and removing starch (133) or between removing starch (133) and drying (115) or after drying (115).

Referring to Figure 8, process (8) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (8) proceeds to removing sugar (131), from (131) process (8) proceeds to converting starch to sugar (113) from (113) process (8) proceeds to removing sugar (131a), from (131a) process (8) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). In Figure 8, the organic matter being processed can optionally be sanitized (107) between inputting organic matter (101) and removing sugar (131) or between removing sugar (131) and converting starch to sugar (113), or between converting starch to sugar (113) and removing sugar ( 131 a) or after removing sugar (131a). Likewise, additional unwanted ingredients or particulate matter can be removed (109), if necessary, between inputting organic matter (101) and removing sugar (131) or between removing sugar (131) and converting starch to sugar (113), or between converting starch to sugar (113) and removing sugar (131a) or after removing sugar (131a). In addition, the organic matter being processed can optionally be prepared (11 1) via washing and/or manipulating the organic matter between inputting organic matter (101) and removing sugar (131), or between removing sugar (131) and converting starch to sugar (113) or between converting starch to sugar (113) and removing sugar (131a) or after removing sugar (131a).

Referring to Figure 9, process (9) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (9) proceeds to removing sugar (131), from (131) process (9) proceeds to removing starch (133) from (133) process (9) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). In Figure 9, the organic matter being processed can optionally be sanitized (107) between inputting organic matter (101) and removing sugar (131) or between removing sugar (131) and removing starch (133), or after removing starch (133). Likewise, additional unwanted ingredients or particulate matter can be removed (109), if necessary, between inputting organic matter (101) and removing sugar (131) or between removing sugar (131) and removing starch (133), or after removing starch (133). In addition, the organic matter being processed can optionally be prepared (111) via washing and/or

manipulating the organic matter between inputting organic matter (101) and removing sugar (131) or between removing sugar (131) and removing starch (133) or after removing starch (133).

Referring to Figure 10, process (10) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (10) proceeds to separating the organic matter into two sub-components, one predominantly a starch mixture and the other predominantly a sugar mixture, (117), from (117) the predominantly starch mixture proceeds along path A ("process (10A)") to (113) where starch is converted to sugar (113), from (113) process ( 1 OA) proceeds to removing sugar (131a), from (131a) process ( 1 OA) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). Continuing to refer to Figure 10, process (10) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (10) proceeds to separating the organic matter into two sub-components, one

predominantly a starch mixture and the other predominantly a sugar mixture, (117), from (117) the predominantly sugar mixture proceeds along path B ("process (10B)") to (131) wherein sugar is removed (131), from (131) process (10B) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). In Figure 10, the organic matter being processed can optionally be sanitized (107) between inputting organic matter (101) and separating the organic matter into two subcomponents (117) or between separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) and converting starch to sugar (1 13) or between converting starch to sugar (113) and removing sugar (131a) or after removing sugar (131a) or between separating the organic matter into two subcomponents (117) and removing sugar (131) or after removing sugar (131). Likewise, additional unwanted ingredients or particulate matter can be removed (109), if necessary, between inputting organic matter (101) and separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) or between separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) and converting starch to sugar (113) or between converting starch to sugar (113) and removing sugar (13 la) or after removing sugar (131a) or between separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) and removing sugar (131) or after removing sugar (131). In addition, the organic matter being processed can optionally be prepared (111) via washing and/or manipulating the organic matter between inputting organic matter (101) and separating the organic matter into two sub- components (117) or between separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) and converting starch to sugar (1 13) or between converting starch to sugar (113) and removing sugar (131a) or after removing sugar (131a) or between separating the organic matter into two subcomponents (117) and removing sugar (131) or after removing sugar (131).

Referring to Figure 11, process (11) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (11) proceeds to removing sugar (131), from (131) process (11) proceeds to separating the organic matter into two subcomponents, one predominantly a starch mixture and the other predominantly a processed organic matter derivative, (117), from (117) the predominantly starch mixture proceeds along path A ("process (1 1 A)") to (113) where starch is converted to sugar (113), from (113) process ( 11 A) proceeds to removing sugar (131a), from (131a) process ( 11 A) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). Continuing to refer to Figure 11, process (11) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (11) proceeds to removing sugar (131), from (131) process (11) proceeds to separating the organic matter into two sub-components, one predominantly a starch mixture and the other predominantly a processed organic matter derivative, (117), from (117) the predominantly processed organic matter derivative proceeds along path B ("process (1 IB)") to end with a processed organic matter derivative (105). In Figure 11, the organic matter being processed can optionally be sanitized (107) between inputting organic matter (101) and removing sugar (131) or between removing sugar (131) and separating the organic matter into two sub-components (1 17) or between separating the organic matter into two sub-components (1 17) and converting starch to sugar (1 13) or between converting starch to sugar (113) and removing sugar (131a) or after removing sugar (13 la) or, in the case of the predominantly processed organic matter subcomponent generated in (117), after separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117). Likewise, additional unwanted ingredients or particulate matter can be removed (109), if necessary, between inputting organic matter (101) and removing sugar ( 131 ) or between removing sugar (131) and separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) or between separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) and converting starch to sugar (113) or between converting starch to sugar (113) and removing sugar (131a) or after removing sugar (131a) or, in the case of the predominantly processed organic matter subcomponent generated in (1 17), after separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117). In addition, the organic matter being processed can optionally be prepared (111) via washing and/or manipulating the organic matter between inputting organic matter (101) and removing sugar (131) or between removing sugar (131) and separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) or between separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) and converting starch to sugar (1 13) or between converting starch to sugar (113) and removing sugar ( 131 a) or after removing sugar ( 131 a) or, in the case of the predominantly processed organic matter sub-component generated in (117), after separating the organic matter into two sub-components (1 17).

Referring to Figure 12, process (12) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (12) proceeds to removing sugar (131), from (131) process ( 12) proceeds to separating the organic matter into two subcomponents, one predominantly a starch mixture and the other predominantly a processed organic matter derivative, (117), from (1 17) the predominantly starch mixture proceeds along path A ("process (12A)") to (113) where starch is converted to sugar (113), from (113) process (12A) proceeds to removing sugar (131a), from (131a) process (12A) proceeds to drying (115), from (115) process (12A) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). Continuing to refer to Figure 12, process (12) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (12) proceeds to removing sugar (131), from (131) process (12) proceeds to separating the organic matter into two sub-components, one predominantly a starch mixture and the other predominantly a processed organic matter derivative, (117), from (1 17) the predominantly processed organic matter derivative proceeds along path B ("process (12B)") to drying (115), from (115) process (12) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). In Figure 12, the organic matter being processed can optionally be sanitized (107) between inputting organic matter (101) and removing sugar (131) or between removing sugar (131) and separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) or between separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) and converting starch to sugar (113) or between converting starch to sugar (113) and removing sugar (131a) or between removing sugar (131a) and drying (1 15) or after drying (115) or, in the case of the predominantly processed organic matter sub-component generated in (117), between separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) and drying (115). Likewise, additional unwanted ingredients or particulate matter can be removed (109), if necessary, between inputting organic matter (101) and removing sugar ( 131 ) or between removing sugar (131) and separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) or between separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) and converting starch to sugar (113) or between converting starch to sugar (113) and removing sugar (131a) or between removing sugar (131a) and drying (115) or after drying (115) or, in the case of the predominantly processed organic matter sub-component generated in (117), between separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) and drying (115). In addition, the organic matter being processed can optionally be prepared (11 1) via washing and/or manipulating the organic matter between inputting organic matter (101) and removing sugar (131) or between removing sugar (131) and separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) or between separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) and converting starch to sugar (1 13) or between converting starch to sugar (113) and removing sugar (131a) or between removing sugar (131a) and drying (115) or after drying (115) or, in the case of the predominantly processed organic matter sub-component generated in (117), between separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) and drying (115).

Referring to Figure 13, process (13) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (13) proceeds to separating the organic matter into two sub-components, one predominantly a starch mixture and the other predominantly a sugar mixture, (117), from (117) the predominantly starch mixture proceeds along path A ("process (13A)") to (113) where starch is converted to sugar (1 13), from (113) process (13A) proceeds to removing sugar (131a), from (131a) process (13A) proceeds to drying (115), from (115) process (13A) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105).

Continuing to refer to Figure 13, process (13) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (13) proceeds to separating the organic matter into two sub-components, one predominantly a starch mixture and the other predominantly a sugar mixture, (117), from (117) the predominantly sugar mixture proceeds along path B ("process (13B)") to (131) wherein sugar is removed (131), from (131) process (13B) proceeds to drying (115), from (115) process (13B) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). In Figure 13, the organic matter being processed can optionally be sanitized (107) between inputting organic matter (101) and separating the organic matter into two subcomponents (1 17) or between separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) and converting starch to sugar (113) or between converting starch to sugar (113) and removing sugar ( 131 a) or between removing sugar (131a) and drying ( 115) or between separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) and removing sugar (131) or between removing sugar (131) and drying (115) or after drying (1 15). Likewise, additional unwanted ingredients or particulate matter can be removed (109), if necessary, between inputting organic matter (101) and separating the organic matter into two sub-components (1 17) or between separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) and converting starch to sugar (113) or between converting starch to sugar (113) and removing sugar (131a) or between removing sugar (131a) and drying (115) or between separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) and removing sugar (131) or between removing sugar (131) and drying (115) or after drying (115). In addition, the organic matter being processed can optionally be prepared (111) via washing and/or manipulating the organic matter between inputting organic matter (101) and separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) or between separating the organic matter into two sub-components (117) and converting starch to sugar (113) or between converting starch to sugar (113) and removing sugar (131a) or between removing sugar (131a) and drying (115) or between separating the organic matter into two sub-components (1 17) and removing sugar (131) or between removing sugar (131) and drying (115) or after drying (115).

Referring to Figure 14, process (14) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (14) proceeds to washing (119), from (119) process (14) proceeds to preparing via washing and/or transforming organic matter, from (111) process (14) proceeds to sanitizing (107), from (107) process (14) proceeds to separating the organic matter into two sub-components, one predominantly a starch mixture and the other predominantly a sugar mixture, (117), from (117) the predominantly starch mixture proceeds along path A ("process (14A)") to (113) where starch is converted to sugar (113), from (113) process (14A) proceeds to removing sugar (131a), from (131a) process (14A) proceeds to removing residual non-target components (109), from (109) process (14A) proceeds to separating the mixture into two sub-components, the supernatant and the solids (123). From (123), in option 1, the solids can be dried; if drying, process (14A-1) proceeds to drying (115), from (115) process (14A-1) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105); if not drying, process (14A-1) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). From (123), in option 2, further liquid is removed from the solids (125), from (125) the solids can be dried, if drying, process (14A-2) proceeds to drying (115), from (1 15) process (14A-2) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105); if not drying, process (14A-2) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). Continuing to refer to Figure 14, from (117) the predominantly sugar mixture proceeds along path B ("process (14B)") to (131) where sugar is removed, from (131) process (14B) proceeds to removing residual non- target components (109a), from (109a) process (14B) proceeds to separating the mixture into two sub-components, the supernatant and the solids (123a), from (123a), further liquid is removed from the solids (125), from (125) the solids can be dried, if drying, process (14B) proceeds to drying (115), from (115) process (14B) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105); if not drying, process (14B) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). In both processes (14A) and (14B), the liquids removed at (125) can proceed to (127) where alcohol is separated from water. From (127), the alcohol can be collected (135) for a variety of known uses; from (127), the water can be recycled back into the process at any appropriate step or it can be collected (135a) for a variety of known uses.

Referring to Figure 15, process (15) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (15) proceeds to washing (119), from (119) process (15) proceeds to preparing via washing and/or transforming organic matter, from (111) process (15) proceeds to sanitizing using a cell disrupter (107), from (107) process (15) proceeds to separating via centrifuging the organic matter into two sub-components, one predominantly a starch mixture and the other predominantly a sugar mixture, (117), from (117) the predominantly starch mixture proceeds along path A ("process (15A)") to (113) where starch is converted to sugar by incubating the sub-component with amylases (113), from (113) process (15 A) proceeds to removing sugar by fermenting (131a), from (131a) process (15 A) proceeds to removing residual non-target components by centrifuging and/or filtering (109), from (109) process (15 A) proceeds to separating the mixture into two sub-components by centrifuging, the supernatant and the solids (123). From (123), in option 1, the solids can be dried; if drying, process (15A-1) proceeds to drying by lyophilizing (115), from (115) process (15A-1) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105); if not drying, process (15A-1) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). From (123), in option 2, further liquid is removed from the solids by reverse osmosis (125), from (125) the solids can be dried, if drying, process (15A-2) proceeds to drying by lyophilizing (115), from (115) process (15A-2) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105); if not drying, process (15A-2) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). Prior to proceeding along path A, the predominantly starch subcomponent can be washed as needed (119a) and re-separated (117). Continuing to refer to Figure 15, from (117) the predominantly sugar mixture proceeds along path B ("process (15B)") to (131) where sugar is removed by fermenting, from (131) process (15B) proceeds to removing residual non-target components by centrifuging or filtering (109a), from (109a) process (15B) proceeds to separating the mixture by centrifuging into two sub-components, the supernatant and the solids (123a), from (123a), further liquid is removed from the solids by reverse osmosis (125), from (125) the solids can be dried, if drying, process (15B) proceeds to drying by lyophilizing (115), from (115) process (15B) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105); if not drying, process (15B) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). In both processes (15 A) and (15B), the liquids removed at (125) can proceed to (127) where alcohol is separated from water by distilling. From (127), the alcohol can be collected (135) for a variety of known uses; from (127), the water can be recycled back into the process at any appropriate step or it can be collected (135a) for a variety of known uses.

Referring to Figure 16, process (16) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (16) proceeds to removing sugar (131), from (131) process (16) proceeds to removing unwanted non-target components (123), from (123) process (16) proceeds to filtering to remove yeast (109), from (109) process (16) proceeds to separating liquid from the target (125), from (125) the target can be dried. If dried, process (16) proceeds from (125) to drying (115), from (115) process (16) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). Also, from (125), the liquid can be separated into water and alcohol (127). From (127), the alcohol can be collected (135) for a variety of known uses; from (127), the water can be recycled back into the process at any appropriate step.

Referring to Figure 17, process (17) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (17) proceeds to removing sugar (131), from (131) process (17) proceeds to removing unwanted non-target components by centrifuging (123), after one or more optional washings of the centrifuged solids (119), from (123) process (17) proceeds to filtering to remove yeast (109), from (109) process (17) proceeds to separating liquid from the target by reverse osmosis (125), from (125) the target can be dried. If dried, process (17) proceeds from (125) to drying by lyophilizing (1 15), from (115) process

(17) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). Also, from (125), the liquid can be separated into water and alcohol by distilling (127). From (127), the alcohol can be collected

(135) for a variety of known uses; from (127), the water can be recycled back into the process at any appropriate step.

Referring to Figure 18, process (18) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (18) proceeds to removing sugar (131), from (131) process (18) proceeds to filtering to remove yeast ( 109), from ( 109) process

(18) proceeds to removing unwanted non-target components (123), from (123) process (18) proceeds to separating liquid from the target (125), from (125) the target can be dried. If dried, process (18) proceeds from (125) to drying (115), from (115) process (18) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). Also, from (125), the liquid can be separated into water and alcohol (127). From (127), the alcohol can be collected (135) for a variety of known uses; from (127), the water can be recycled back into the process at any appropriate step.

Referring to Figure 19, process (19) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (19) proceeds to removing sugar (131), from (131) process (19) proceeds to filtering to remove yeast (109), from (109) process (19) proceeds to removing unwanted non-target components by centrifuging (123), after one or more optional washings of the centrifuged solids (119), from (123) process (19) proceeds to separating liquid from the target by reverse osmosis (125), from (125) the target can be dried. If dried, process (19) proceeds from (125) to drying by lyophilizing (115), from (115) process (19) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). Also, from (125), the liquid can be separated into water and alcohol by distilling (127). From (127), the alcohol can be collected (135) for a variety of known uses; from (127), the water can be recycled back into the process at any appropriate step.

Referring to Figure 20, process (20) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (20) proceeds to separating the organic matter into two sub-components, one predominantly a starch mixture and the other predominantly a sugar mixture, (117), from (117) the predominantly starch mixture proceeds along path A ("process (20A)") to (113) where starch is converted to sugar (113), from (113) process (2 OA) proceeds to removing residual non-target components (109), from (109) process (20A) proceeds to separating the mixture into two sub-components, the supernatant and the solids (123). From (123), the solids can be dried; if drying, process (20A) proceeds to drying (1 15), from (115) process (20A) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105); if not drying, process (20 A) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). Continuing to refer to Figure 20, from (117) the predominantly sugar mixture proceeds along path B ("process (20B)") to (131) where sugar is removed, from (131) process (20B) proceeds to removing residual non-target components (109), from (109) process (20B) proceeds to separating the mixture into two sub-components, the supernatant and the solids (123), from (123), further liquid is removed from the solids (125), from (125) the solids can be dried, if drying, process (20B) proceeds to drying (115), from (115) process (20B) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105); if not drying, process (20B) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). In both processes (20A) and (20B), the liquids removed at (125) can proceed to (127) where alcohol is separated from water. From (127), the alcohol can be collected (135) for a variety of known uses; from (127), the water can be recycled back into the process at any appropriate step or it can be collected (135) for a variety of known uses.

Referring to Figure 21, process (21) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (21) proceeds to separating via centrifuging the organic matter into two sub-components, one predominantly a starch mixture and the other predominantly a sugar mixture, (1 17), from (117) the centrifuged sediment can be washed one or more times as needed (119). After washing, the predominantly starch mixture proceeds along path A ("process (21 A)") to (113) where starch is converted to sugar by incubating the sub-component with amylases (113), from (113) process (21 A) proceeds to removing residual non-target components by centrifuging and/or filtering (109), from (109) process (21 A) proceeds to separating the mixture into two sub-components by centrifuging, the supernatant and the solids (123), from (123) the centrifuged sediment can be washed one or more times as needed (1 19a). After washing, the solids can be dried; if drying, process (21 A) proceeds to drying by lyophilizing (115), from (115) process (21 A) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105); if not drying, process (21A) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). Continuing to refer to Figure 21, from (117) the predominantly sugar mixture proceeds along path B ("process (2 IB)") to (131) where sugar is removed by fermenting, from (131) process (2 IB) proceeds to removing residual non-target components by filtering (109), from (109) process (2 IB) proceeds to separating the mixture by centrifuging into two sub-components, the supernatant and the solids (123), from (123), further liquid is removed by reverse osmosis (125), from (125) the solids can be dried, if drying, process (2 IB) proceeds to drying by lyophilizing (115), from (115) process (2 IB) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105); if not drying, process (2 IB) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). In both processes (21 A) and (2 IB), the liquids removed at (125) can proceed to (127) where alcohol is separated from water by distilling. From (127), the alcohol can be collected (135) for a variety of known uses; from (127), the water can be recycled back into the process at any appropriate step or it can be collected (135) for a variety of known uses.

Referring to Figure 22, process (22) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (22) proceeds to separating the organic matter into two sub-components, one predominantly a starch mixture and the other predominantly a sugar mixture, (117), from ( 117) the predominantly starch mixture proceeds along path A ("process (22A)") to (113) where starch is converted to sugar (113), from (113) process (22A) proceeds to separating the mixture into two sub-components, the supernatant and the solids (123). From (123), the solids can be dried; if drying, process (22A) proceeds to drying (115), from (115) process (22A) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105); if not drying, process (22A) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). Continuing to refer to Figure 22, from (117) the predominantly sugar mixture proceeds along path B ("process (22B)") to (131) where sugar is removed, from (131) process (22B) proceeds to separating the mixture into two sub-components, the supernatant and the solids (123a), from (123a) process (22B) proceeds to filtering (109), also the supernatant from (123) of process (22 A) can proceed to filtering (109), from (109) processes (22 A) and (22B) proceed to (125) where liquid is removed from target, from (125) the target can be dried, if drying, processes (22 A) and (22B) proceed to drying (115), from (115) processes (22A) and (22B) end with a processed organic matter derivative (105); if not drying, processes (22A) and (22B) endswith a processed organic matter derivative (105). In both processes (22A) and (22B), the liquids removed at (125) can proceed to (127) where alcohol is separated from water. From (127), the alcohol can be collected (135) for a variety of known uses; from (127), the water can be recycled back into the process at any appropriate step or it can be collected (135) for a variety of known uses.

Referring to Figure 23, process (23) begins with inputting organic matter (101) via selecting and/or providing organic matter, from (101) process (23) proceeds to separating the organic matter into two sub-components by centrifiiging, one predominantly a starch mixture and the other predominantly a sugar mixture, (1 17), from (117), the sediment from centrifiiging can be washed as needed (119). After washing, the predominantly starch mixture proceeds along path A ("process (23 A)") to (113) where starch is converted to sugar by incubating with amylases (113), from (113) process (23A) proceeds to separating the mixture by centrifiiging into two sub-components, the supernatant and the solids (123) with optional washing as needed (119a). From (123), the solids can be dried; if drying, process (23A) proceeds to drying by lyophilizing (115), from (115) process (23A) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105); if not drying, process (23A) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105).

Continuing to refer to Figure 23, from (117) the predominantly sugar mixture proceeds along path B ("process (23 B)") to ( 131 ) where sugar is removed by fermenting, from (131) process (23B) proceeds to separating the mixture into two sub-components by centrifiiging, the supernatant and the solids (123), from (123) the supernatant proceeds to filtering (109), also the supernatant from (123) of process (23A) can proceed to filtering (109), from (109) processes (23 A) and (23B) proceed to (125) where liquid is removed from target by reverse osmosis, from (125) the target can be dried, if drying, processes (23A) and (23B) proceed to drying (115), from (115) processes (23 A) and (23B) end with a processed organic matter derivative (105); if not drying, processes (23 A) and (23B) ends with a processed organic matter derivative (105). In both processes (23A) and (23B), the liquids removed at (125) can proceed to (127) where alcohol is separated from water by distilling. From (127), the alcohol can be collected (135) for a variety of known uses; from (127), the water can be recycled back into the process at any appropriate step or it can be collected (135) for a variety of known uses.

An embodiment of the invention includes compositions for and methods of treating high blood pressure (hypertension) and for lowering risk of atherosclerosis and for lowering the risk of stroke by administering the processed organic matter derivative or product of the invention comprising potassium. Fruits and vegetables rich in potassium that can be used to produce processed organic matter derivatives of the invention include banana, plantain, kale, onion, celery, raisin, prune, avocado, potato, fig, cantaloupe, mango, papaya, tomato, lima bean, cucumber, orange and other citrus fruits, garlic, strawberry, artichoke, beet, almonds, kiwi, apricot, coconut, date, and sweet potato. Additional ingredients, fruits and vegetables included for use in producing processed organic matter derivatives of the invention include bitter melon, citrulline, broccoli, glutamic acid, guava, cocoa, flavonols, tannins, kukoamine, hawthorn, resveratrol, acai, pomegranate, goji and cherries.

All of these ingredients and extracts thereof can be used alone or in combination with each other and additional "GRAS" (generally recognized as safe) ingredients for food, beverages and cosmetics. Other supplements that can be added to the processed organic matter derivative or product of the invention to give additional health benefits are potassium to supplement the naturally occurring levels as well as compounds known or expected to have synergistic effects with the potassium such as Vitamin D, Vitamin C, resveratrol, flavonol, L-arginine, L-citrulline, and/or hawthorn.

The present invention will provide a natural way to address various ailments such as hypertension and diseases related to water and electrolyte balance, cardiovascular diseases, and as a supplement to patients taking antihypertensives such as diuretics as well as to prevent kidney stones and to prevent or reduce osteoporosis. An embodiment of the invention includes compositions for and methods of treating kidney stones and osteoporosis by administering the processed organic matter derivative or product of the invention comprising potassium. Also included is the composition of the invention whereby calcium loss from the body is reduced or minimized, i.e. the processed organic matter derivative or product composition suppresses calcium excretion in the urine. In another embodiment of the invention the composition includes Vitamin D. This composition of the invention improves hypertension and lowers the risk of osteoporosis. Vitamin D deficiency is relevant when levels are below 50ng/ml in patients and restoring levels to more than 50ng/ml is expected to reduce blood pressure. Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to predict hypertension. Supplementation with Vitamin D of between 400-5,000 IU per day is safe for most adults and Vitamin D supplementation has been shown in some studies to reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with high blood pressure.

In another embodiment of the invention the composition includes fructooligosaccharides, a compound called a prebiotic because it nourishes probiotic (friendly) bacteria in the colon. In another embodiment of the invention the composition includes short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) extracted from green bananas. These compositions of the invention improve absorption of nutrients, including calcium, in the digestive systems of mammals. These compositions of the invention can be used to decrease the risk of colon cancer and to treat Crohn's disease.

In another embodiment of the invention the composition includes pro- vitamin A carotenoids. These compositions of the invention can be used to decrease the risk of chronic disease, including certain cancers, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.

In another embodiment of the invention the composition includes extracts of cabbage and root vegetables, alone or in combination with extracts of bananas, can be used to decrease the risk of kidney cancer. These compositions of the invention can further be supplemented with antioxidants, including phenolic compounds, and or sulfur compounds.

In another embodiment of the invention the composition includes tryptophan. The tryptophan can be present in amount of at least about 10.6 mg per dose or serving of the nutraceutical composition, and can be supplemented for higher concentrations. In addition, the compositions can include Vitamin B₆. The compositions also can include iron. These compositions of the invention can be used to enhance mood, for example when treating depression. These compositions of the invention can also be used as a sedative or to relieve the symptoms of stress, for example when treating anxiety disorders. In addition, these

compositions of the invention can be used for treating anemia, hypoglycemia and immune disorders.

In another embodiment of the invention the composition includes fiber. Other embodiments of the invention can additionally include pectin and/or resistant starch. These compositions can be used to improve laxation (smooth bowel movements). These compositions can also be used to treat constipation and diarrhea. Further, these compositions can be used to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and of type 2 diabetes. The concentration of fiber in the nutraceutical admixture of the invention can be up to about 20-35 grams of soluble dietary fiber per day. For a children's formulation the dosage will be adjusted to an amount equal to or greater than their age plus 5 grams per day.

In another embodiment of the invention the composition includes antacid. Other embodiments of the invention can include protease inhibitors. These compositions can be used to treat heartburn, i.e. acid reflux, and to treat ulcers.

In another embodiment of the invention the composition includes antioxidants. The antioxidants can include polyphenols, anthocyanins, flavonols, other phytochemicals, vitamins A, C and E and carotenoids. These compositions can be used to reduce the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). These compositions can also be used to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease or cancer or to reduce inflammation in autoimmune diseases.

In another embodiment of the invention the composition includes vitamins C, Al, B6, B12, potassium and magnesium. These compositions can be used to treat the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, i.e. as an aid to help people give up smoking.

Compositions comprising the processed organic matter derivative or product of the invention can be used to decrease the risk of developing certain cancers including leukemia, colorectal cancer and kidney cancer.

Compositions comprising the processed organic matter derivative or product of the invention can be used to treat nausea, including "morning sickness" experienced during pregnancy. In addition, compositions of the invention can be used to stabilize body temperature including fluctuations caused by changes in hormone levels, for example during pregnancy or menopause.

Additional ingredients that can be combined with the processed organic matter derivative or product of the invention include:

1. chymotrypsin which can be useful in treating Asthma, bronchitis, lung diseases, sinusitis, inflammation;

2. Alpha-lipoic which can be useful in treating or aiding Acid: type 2 diabetes, dementia, eye problems, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), HIV/ AIDS, cancer, Lyme disease, Wilson's disease, heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, claudication, aging skin and wrinkles, Amanita mushroom poisoning;

3. Acai which can be useful in treating or aiding Arthritis, high cholesterol, and improving general health;

4. Acetyl-L-carnitine which can be useful in treating Memory problems, testosterone

deficiency, Alzheimer's disease;

5. N-acetyl Glucosamine which can be useful in treating Osteoarthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease;

6. Lactobacillus which can be useful in treating diarrhea, Bacterial vaginal infections,

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), ulcerative colitis, urinary tract infections (UTIs), general digestion problems, yeast infections, high cholesterol, Lyme disease, hives, fever blisters, canker sores, acne, cancer, stimulating the immune system;

7. Adenosine which can be useful in treating irregular heart beat, Pain, shingles, lung cancer, immune system;

8. Alpha-Glyceryl Phosphatidylcholine which can be useful in treating Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, ischemic dementia, multi-infarct dementia, stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), improving memory and cognitive function, and learning;

9. Alpha-ketoglutarate which can be useful in treating Kidney disease, intestinal and stomach disorders, bacterial infections, yeast infections, improving athletic performance, improving protein usage in hemodialysis patients, and cataracts;

10. Alpha-linolenic Acid which can be useful in treating heart disease, atherosclerosis, High blood pressure, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis, lung infections in children, lupus, diabetes, high cholesterol, kidney disease, Crohn's disease, migraines, depression, skin diseases, lowering the risk of colds;

1 1. L-arginine which can be useful in treating Congestive heart failure, angina pectoris, erectile dysfunction, Bladder inflammation, inflammation of the digestive tract, Male infertility, lowering the risk of contracting the common cold, migraine headache, decreased mental function in the elderly, improving athletic performance, breast cancer when used in combination with chemotherapy, wound healing, female sexual problems, sickle cell disease, improving healing of diabetic foot ulcers, and improving the immune system in people with head and neck cancer; 12. Ginseng which can be useful in treating Thinking and memory deficiencies, Diabetes, erectile dysfunction, Depression, anemia, fluid retention, stomach inflammation and other digestive problems, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), fibromyalgia, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, skin cancer, fever, bronchitis, cancer, common cold, influenza;

13. Beta-sitosterol which can be useful in treating High cholesterol, benign prostatic

hyperplasia, Burns, prostate infections, sexual dysfunction, lowering the risk of colon cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, allergies, cervical cancer, fibromyalgia, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), asthma, baldness, migraines, chronic fatigue syndrome, menopause;

14. Bifidobacteria which can be useful in treating colitis, diarrhea, Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Ulcerative colitis, Common cold and flu (influenza); diarrhea caused by antibiotics; liver problems; high cholesterol; lactose intolerance; mastitis; mumps; cancer; stomach problems; replacing bacteria removed by diarrhea; chemotherapy; Lyme disease; lowering the risk of infections after exposure to radiation, aging, antibiotics;

15. Brewer's Yeast which can be useful in treating Premenstrual syndrome, Diarrhea,

common cold, the flu (influenza), loss of appetite, acne, boils, and diabetes;

16. Bromelain which can be useful in treating osteoarthritis, Knee pain, severe burns,

inflammation, reducing swelling after surgery or injury, improving antibiotic absorption, hayfever, lowering the risk of cancer, shortening of labor, making it easier to get rid of fats, ulcerative colitis;

17. Casein Peptides which can be useful in treating High blood pressure, high cholesterol, anxiety, fatigue, epilepsy, intestinal disorders, lowering the risk of cancer, and reducing stress;

18. Calcium which can be useful in treating heartburn, lowering bone loss, osteoporosis, premenstrual syndrome, lowering the risk of colorectal cancer, High blood pressure, Preeclampsia, High cholesterol, stroke, Reducing weight and body fat while dieting, lowering the risk of or lessening the intensity of seizures, lowering the risk of falls, metabolic syndrome, cancer, pregnancy-related leg cramps, diabetes, Lyme disease; 19. Cocoa which can be useful in treating High blood pressure, high cholesterol; heart

disease; intestinal diseases; diarrhea; asthma; bronchitis; lung congestion; liver, bladder and kidney ailments; diabetes; and lowering the risk of heart disease, wrinkles, and stretch marks during pregnancy;

Chondroitin Sulfate which can be useful in treating reduce hip and knee joint pain due to a type of arthritis known as osteoarthritis, Heart disease, osteoporosis (weak bones), high cholesterol;

Calcium Magnesium Inositol Hexaphosphate which can be useful in treating lowering the risk of kidney stones, Treating and lowering the risk of cancer, lowering the risk of heart attacks,;

Capsaicin which can be useful in treating the pain of arthritis, shingles, and nerve pain in people with diabetes, colic, cramps, toothache, blood clots, fever, nausea, high cholesterol, heart disease, muscle spasms, laryngitis, Back pain, stomach ulcers, heartburn, irritable bowel syndrome, migraine headache, allergic rhinitis, perennial rhinitis, nasal polyps, muscle spasms, laryngitis, swallowing dysfunction;

Cassia Cinnamon which can be useful in treating Loss of appetite, muscle and stomach spasms, bloating, intestinal gas, vomiting, diarrhea, common cold, impotence, bed wetting, menstrual complaints, chest pain, high blood pressure, kidney problems, cancer; Coenzyme Q-10 which can be useful in treating Congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, Huntington's disease, High blood pressure, migraine headache, Parkinson's disease, Muscular dystrophy, Improving blood sugar control in people with diabetes, breast cancer, fatigue, Lyme disease, male infertility, chest pain (angina), a muscle condition called "statin-induced myopathy," cardiomyopathy in children and adults; Cranberry which can be useful in treating urinary tract infections, Skin healing, pleurisy, cancer, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), reducing urine odor;

Curcumin which can be useful in treating Upset stomach, Jaundice, hepatitis, diarrhea, fibromyalgia, liver and gallbladder problems, headache, menstrual problems, pain, ringworm, bruising, eye infections, skin problems, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cancer; Dehydroepiandrosterone which can be useful in treating or lowering the risk of heart disease, breast cancer, lessening the signs of aging, and diabetes; and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, Schizophrenia, achieve an erection, lupus, Osteoporosis, Heart disease, breast cancer, diabetes, weight loss, metabolic syndrome, depression, aging, HIV/ AIDS, Parkinson's disease, Addison's disease, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, and improving growth and maturation in girls with hormone deficiency;

28. Dha (docosahexaenoic Acid) which can be useful in treating coronary artery disease, AMD (age-related macular degeneration), Psoriasis, depression, dementia, improving vision, high cholesterol, improving infant development, reducing aggressive behavior in people under stressful situations, improving night vision in children with dyslexia, improving movement disorders in children;

29. Black Psyllium which can be useful in treating Constipation, high cholesterol, Cancer, diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS);

30. Guar Gum which can be useful in treating Diarrhea, Constipation, Irritable bowel

syndrome (IBS), High cholesterol, Diabetes, atherosclerosis;

31. Larch Arabinogalactan which can be useful in treating common cold, flu, liver disease, high cholesterol, earache (otitis media), HIV/ AIDS, cancer treatment, dietary fiber supplementation, stimulating the immune system, inflammation;

32. Rice Bran which can be useful in treating High cholesterol, kidney stones, Allergic skin rash (atopic dermatitis), stomach cancer, Diabetes, high blood pressure, alcoholism, weight loss, AIDS, strengthening the immune system, increasing energy, enhancing athletic performance, improving liver function, lowering the risk of heart and blood vessel disease;

33. EGCG which can be useful in treating cholesterol, kidney disease, heart disease, kidney stones, tooth decay, Genital warts, orthostatic hypotension, lowering the risk of bladder, esophageal, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers, Parkinson's disease, Decreasing high levels of fat in the blood (hyperlipidemia), Weight loss, high blood pressure, lowering the risk of heart disease, lowering the risk of stroke, osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, skin cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, dental cavities, gingivitis, kidney stones, prostate cancer, diarrhea, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS);

34. Ellagic Acid and Ellagitannins which can be useful in treating or lowering the risk of cancer, treating viral infections, and treating bacterial infections;

35. Epa (eicosapentaenoic Acid) which can be useful in treating depression, wound healing, borderline personality disorder, Reducing the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular problems in people with heart disease, Psoriasis, Prostate cancer, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), menstrual disorders, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, lung diseases, lupus;

36. Chrysin which can be useful in treating Anxiety, inflammation, gout, HIV

infection/AIDS, impotence, baldness, or lowering the risk of cancer;

37. Diosmin which can be useful in treating hemorrhoids, leg ulcers caused by poor

circulation, Varicose veins, bleeding (hemorrhage) in the eye, bleeding gums, and lessening or lowering the risk of damage to the liver;

38. Hesperidin which can be useful in treating hemorrhoids, leg ulcers caused by poor

circulation, Varicose veins;

39. Quercetin and Naringin which can be useful in treating prostate pain and swelling

(inflammation), Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), heart disease, high

cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, cataracts, hayfever (allergic rhinitis), stomach and intestinal ulcers, kidney transplants, schizophrenia, inflammation, asthma, gout, viral infections, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), increasing exercise endurance, lowering the risk of cancer, especially lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer and liver cancer;

40. Rutin which can be useful in treating Osteoarthritis, Blood vessel disease, varicose veins, lowering the risk of mouth ulcers associated with cancer treatments, bleeding, and hemorrhoids;

41. Folic Acid which can be useful in treating Kidney problems, Lowering homocysteine levels in people with kidney disease, Reducing harmful effects of a medicine called methotrexate, Decreasing the risk of certain birth defects when taken by pregnant women, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, Depression, vitiligo, gum disease, lowering the risk of re-blockage of blood vessels after angioplasty, liver disease, alcoholism, Alzheimer's disease, memory and thinking function in older people, lowering the risk of pregnancy loss, lowering the risk of cervical cancer, infertility, lung cancer, restless leg syndrome, age-related hearing loss, sickle cell disease, cancer due to a disease called ulcerative colitis, osteoporosis (brittle bones);

2. Genistein which can be useful in treating reduce cholesterol, Hot flashes, osteoporosis, breast cancer, diabetic nerve problems, diabetes type 2, lowering the risk of thyroid cancer, endometrial cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, improving memory, reducing breast pain, weight loss, asthma, high blood pressure, premenstrual syndrome (PMS); Ginger which can be useful in treating motion sickness and seasickness, joint pain, Nausea and vomiting following surgery, dizziness, Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, loss of appetite, colds, flu, migraine headache, lessening nausea caused by chemotherapy; Ginkgo which can be useful in treating Alzheimer's disease, Raynaud's syndrome, Vertigo and dizziness, Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), glaucoma and eye damage caused by diabetes, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), anxiety, attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), blood clots, heart disease, stroke, high cholesterol, "hardening" of the arteries (atherosclerosis), colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, hearing loss, schizophrenia, Coughs, asthma, bronchitis, urinary problems, cognitive problems related to Lyme disease, digestion disorders, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), scabies, and skin sores;

Ginseng, American which can be useful in treating type 2 diabetes, lowering the risk of respiratory tract infections such as the common cold or influenza in adults, Stress, anemia, insomnia, gastritis, impotence, fever, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), HIV/AIDS, fibromyalgia, breast cancer;

Glutathione which can be useful in treating lung diseases by inhaling (breathing in) glutathione, use as an injection into the veins to treat infertility in men, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, anemia in people on hemodialysis, or clogging of the arteries

(atherosclerosis). When taken by mouth for cataracts, glaucoma, lessening the signs of aging, treating or lowering the risk of alcoholism, asthma, cancer, heart disease, high cholesterol levels, liver problems, AIDS, chronic fatigue syndrome, memory loss, Alzheimer's disease, osteoarthritis, or Parkinson's disease;

Goji Berry which can be useful in treating Diabetes, high blood pressure, fever, malaria, cancer, blood circulation problems, sexual problems (impotence), dizziness, ringing in the ears (tinnitus);

Grape seed extract which can be useful in treating Circulation problems, lowering the risk of heart disease, treating varicose veins, hemorrhoids, constipation, cough, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), diarrhea, heavy menstrual bleeding (periods), age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), canker sores, poor night vision, liver damage, high cholesterol levels;

Guarana which can be useful in treating Malaria, diarrhea, fever, headaches, heart problems, improvement of exercise endurance, improvement of short-term, high-intensity performance and power, increased mental alertness, increasing blood pressure in people who have low blood pressure, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), joint pain, fluid retention, weight loss;

Hawthorn which can be useful in treating heart failure, Decreased heart function, blood circulation problems, heart disease, abnormal heartbeat rhythms (arrhythmias), high blood pressure, low blood pressure, high cholesterol, muscle spasms, anxiety, sedation; Hyaluronic Acid which can be useful in treating Osteoarthritis, Sores in the mouth, Healing skin wounds and burns, and lessening the signs of aging;

Kava which can be useful in treating anxiety, Stress, insomnia, restlessness, social anxiety, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), epilepsy, psychosis, depression, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), headaches, colds, respiratory tract infections, tuberculosis, rheumatism, chronic bladder infections, sexually transmitted diseases, menstrual problems, lowering the risk of cancer;

L-carnitine which can be useful in treating heart disease and heart failure, Eating disorders, fatigue, diabetes, high cholesterol, blood disorders, circulatory problems in the legs, leg ulcers, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Lyme disease, autism, Rett syndrome;

Lactoferrin which can be useful in treating Hepatitis C, Helicobacter pylori infection (an ulcer-causing bacterial infection), stimulating the immune system, lessening damage related to aging, promoting healthy bacteria in the intestine, regulating iron metabolism, fighting bacteria and viruses (antibacterial and antiviral agent), use as an antioxidant; Lycopene which can be useful in treating diabetes, Prostate cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, oral

leukoplakia, heart disease, eye disease (age related maculopathy), exercise-induced asthma, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, cataracts, and lessening or lowering the risk of hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis);

Magnesium which can be useful in treating magnesium deficiency, laxative for constipation, Dyspepsia, pre-eclampsia, Cluster headaches, Migraine headaches, Asthma attacks, Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), osteoporosis, lowering the risk of type 2 diabetes in overweight, middle-aged women, Pregnancy-related leg cramps, Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), Diseases of heart valves (mitral valve prolapse), High cholesterol, Chest pain due to artery disease, Kidney stones, Fibromyalgia pain, Metabolic syndrome, Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), stroke, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(COPD), Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), hayfever, anxiety, restless leg syndrome, high blood pressure (hypertension), Lyme disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), premature labor

Manganese which can be useful in treating osteoporosis, Anemia, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), arthritis (osteoarthritis);

Mangosteen which can be useful in treating Dysentery, diarrhea, urinary tract infections (UTI), gonorrhea, thrush, tuberculosis, eczema, menstrual disorders;

Melatonin which can be useful in treating sleep disorders, improving the effectiveness of certain cancer medications used to fight tumors in the breast, lung, kidney, liver, pancreas, stomach, colon, prostate, and decreasing some side effects of cancer treatment, Cluster headaches, Ringing in the ears (tinnitus), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), osteoporosis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), epilepsy, birth control, fibromyalgia, aging, menopausal symptoms, sleep problems associated with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), insomnia caused by medications used for high blood pressure (beta- blockers), headache characterized by sudden sharp pain (idiopathic stabbing headache), migraine;

Niacin which can be useful in treating High cholesterol, Heart disease, including hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), Diarrhea, Diabetes, types 1 and 2, cataracts, Osteoarthritis, Alzheimer's disease, Migraine headache, dizziness, depression, motion sickness, alcohol dependence, improving orgasm, acne, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD);

Octacosanol which can be useful in treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease, ALS), improving strength, stamina, and reaction times; herpes infections; skin diseases; Parkinson's disease; high cholesterol levels; hardening of the arteries

(atherosclerosis);

Onion which can be useful in treating Asthma, diabetes, upset stomach, fever, colds, cough, bronchitis, high blood pressure (hypertension), lowering the risk of infection, swelling (inflammation) of the mouth and throat, wounds, loss of appetite, lessening or lowering the risk of hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis);

Papain which can be useful in treating Herpes zoster (shingles), Sore throat and throat swelling (pharyngitis), Digestion problems, diarrhea, hayfever, runny nose, psoriasis, cancer, treating infected wounds, sores, ulcers, intestinal worms;

Papaya which can be useful in treating Stomach and intestine problems, parasite infections;

Pectin which can be useful in treating High cholesterol, Diarrhea, reducing the risk of colon cancer, diabetes, infection, mouth and throat sores, reducing damage from radiation, lessening or lowering the risk of heavy metal toxicity, prostate cancer, heartburn;

Phosphatidylcholine which can be useful in treating Anxiety, hepatitis B, eczema, gallbladder disease, manic-depressive illness, circulation disorders of the arms and legs, weight loss, decrease fat, high cholesterol, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), memory loss, Alzheimer's disease, depressed immunity, lessening the signs of aging;

Phosphatidylserine which can be useful in treating Alzheimer's disease, Depression, exercise-induced stress, improving athletic performance, improving thinking ability, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD);

Pomegranate which can be useful in treating High cholesterol (hyperlipidemia), heart disease, intestinal worm infestations, high blood pressure (hypertension), hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), obesity and weight loss, gum disease, fungal mouth infections, diarrhea, dysentery, sore throat, hemorrhoids, prostate cancer;

Potassium which can be useful in treating High blood potassium, stroke, Insulin resistance, heart attack, menopausal symptoms, fatigue and mood swings in early menopause, infant colic, allergies, headaches, acne, alcoholism, Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, blurred vision, cancer, chronic fatigue syndrome, colitis, confusion, constipation, skin problems, fluid retention, fever, gout, insomnia, irritability, Meniere's disease, muscle weakness, muscular dystrophy, stress, myasthenia gravis;

Fructo-oligosaccharides which can be useful in treating diarrhea, Promoting growth of bacteria in the gut, high cholesterol levels, and constipation;

Prickly Pear Cactus which can be useful in treating Diabetes, Hangover, High blood cholesterol, obesity, colitis, diarrhea, enlarged prostate, and treating infections caused by viruses;

Saccharomyces Boulardii which can be useful in treating diarrhea, Acne, lessening or lowering the risk of yeast overgrowth in the digestive tract of patients with cystic fibrosis, urinary Indigestion, diarrhea, improving blood circulation, spleen and stomach problems hives, fever blisters, canker sores, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, lactose intolerance;

Pycnogenol which can be useful in treating Circulation problems, Varicose veins, endurance in athletes, High blood pressure, Asthma, Aging, allergies, heart disease, lowering the risk of stroke, muscle soreness, pelvic pain in women, pain in late pregnancy, diabetes, leg cramps, circulation problems in diabetes, osteoarthritis, erectile dysfunction (impotence), menopausal symptoms;

Red Rice Yeast which can be useful in treating High cholesterol, Indigestion, diarrhea, improving blood circulation, spleen and stomach problems;

Resveratrol which can be useful in treating Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), high cholesterol, and lowering the risk of cancer;

SAMe which can be useful in treating osteoarthritis, Depression, Fibromyalgia, Heart disease, anxiety, bursitis, tendonitis, chronic low back pain, improving intelligence, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), alcohol-related liver disease, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, seizures, migraine headache;

Saffron which can be useful in treating Depression, Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), Asthma, insomnia, cancer, hardening of the arteries due to fatty plaques, cough, stomach gas, premature ejaculation, baldness, pain;

Saw Palmetto which can be useful in treating the symptoms of enlarged prostate, Treating nonbacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, increasing breast size, hair growth, colds and coughs, sore throat, asthma, chronic bronchitis, prostate cancer, and migraine headache;

Selenium which can be useful in treating or lowering the risk of heart disease, skin cancers, lung cancer, prostate cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, HIV/ AIDS; hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis); arthritis (osteoarthritis); rheumatoid arthritis; macular degeneration (eye disease); hayfever; gray hair; mood disorders; chemotherapy side effects, swelling after surgery, abnormal pap smears; infertility; cataracts; chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS); bird flu; lowering the risk of miscarriage; protecting against colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, and lowering the overall cancer risk;

Tamarind which can be useful in treating Constipation, fever, liver and gallbladder disorders, dry eyes;

Tomato which can be useful in treating or lowering the risk of bladder cancer, breast cancer, Diabetes, Heart disease, cataracts, arthritis, asthma, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, high blood pressure, prostate cancer, the common cold, chills, and digestive disorders;

L-tryptophan which can be useful in treating Depression, anxiety, seasonal affective disorder, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), treating sleep disorders;

Vitamin A which can be useful in treating Breast cancer, cataracts, Lung cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, promoting good vision, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, lowering the risk of and speeding recovery from infections, improving immune function, skin conditions other than acne, relieving hayfever symptoms;

Vitamin Bl which can be useful in treating Cataracts, Kidney disease, Poor appetite, ulcerative colitis (UC), chronic diarrhea, stomach problems, brain conditions, AIDS, heart disease, alcoholism, stress, aging, canker sores, improving athletic performance, lowering the risk of cervical cancer;

Vitamin B5 which can be useful in treating Skin problems, alcoholism, allergies, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, hair loss, asthma, heart problems, carpal tunnel syndrome, lung disorders, colitis,

conjunctivitis, convulsions, kidney disorders, dandruff, depression, diabetic problems, enhancing immune function, headache, hyperactivity, low blood pressure, inability to sleep, irritability, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, muscle cramps, improving athletic performance;

Vitamin B6 which can be useful in treating sideroblastic anemia, Reducing elevated blood levels of homocysteine, a substance thought to be involved in heart disease, Upset stomach and vomiting in pregnancy, Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), Kidney stones, Reducing lung cancer risk in men who smoke, lowering the risk of reblockage of blood vessels after angioplasty, boosting the immune system, muscle cramps, eye problems, kidney problems, night leg cramps, arthritis, allergies, asthma, attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Lyme disease;

Para-aminobenzoic Acid (paba) which can be useful in treating Female infertility, arthritis, anemia, constipation, headaches, lessening hair loss, darkening gray hair, and various skin conditions such as vitiligo, pemphigus, dermatomyostis, morphea, Peyronie's disease;

Vitamin B12 which can be useful in treating or lowering the risk of re-blockage of blood vessels after heart artery dilation (balloon angioplasty), shaky-leg syndrome, allergies, aging, fatigue or tiredness, eczema, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, heart disease, Lyme disease, immune system problems, memory problems, multiple sclerosis, breast cancer, high cholesterol, lung cancer, lowering the risk of cervical cancer, psoriasis;

Vitamin B2 which can be useful in treating migraine headaches, cataracts, Acne, muscle cramps, boosting the immune system, aging, maintaining healthy skin and hair, canker sores, memory loss including Alzheimer's disease, lactic acidosis (a serious blood-acid imbalance) in people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), lowering the risk of cervical cancer;

Vitamin B7 which can be useful in treating Hair loss, diabetes, diabetic nerve pain, brittle fingernails and toenails;

Inositol which can be useful in treating polycystic ovary syndrome, Psoriasis, Problems metabolizing fat, high cholesterol, inability to sleep, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), cancer, hair growth;

Vitamin C which can be useful in treating or reducing the risk of certain cancers of the mouth and breast, common cold, High blood pressure, gallbladder disease, Reducing the risk of bone and cartilage loss, atherosclerosis, ulcers in the stomach, AMD (age-related macular degeneration), Wounds, pressure sores, gout, tuberculosis, dental cavities, constipation, acne, allergies (hayfever), cystic fibrosis, infertility, diabetes, heart disease, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), lowering cholesterol, kidney disease, liver disease, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, mental stress, Lyme disease, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), treating and protecting against sun-damaged skin when vitamin C is put on the skin;

Vitamin D which can be useful in treating osteomalacia, Psoriasis, osteoporosis,

Reducing the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis, hyperparathyroidism, Cancer, Weight loss, Cardiovascular disease, high cholesterol, a blood cell disease called myelodysplasia syndrome, a muscle disease called proximal myopathy, colorectal cancer, warts, gum disease, bronchitis, asthma, breathing disorders, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, premenstrual syndrome (PMS);

Vitamin E which can be useful in treating bladder cancer, Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, pre-eclampsia, Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), lowering the risk of Parkinson's disease, glomerulosclerosis, Beta-thalassemia, AMD (age-related macular degeneration), Allergies, asthma, skin disorders, cloudy vision in older people (cataracts), diabetes, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), oral cancer, skin cancer, epilepsy, menstrual disorders, high blood fat levels, liver disease, stroke, leg cramps, common cold;

Vitamin K which can be useful in treating Osteoporosis, heart disease, spider veins, bruises, scars, stretch marks, burns, swelling;

Whey Protein which can be useful in Improving of athletic performance, an alternative to milk for people with lactose intolerance, lowering the risk of allergies in infants, asthma, high cholesterol, cancer, obesity;

inc which can be useful in Decreasing the length of time the common cold lasts, Acne, Osteoporosis, AMD (age-related macular degeneration), stomach ulcers, lowering the risk of muscle cramps, Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease, wrinkled skin, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, diabetes, treating the common cold when used as a nose spray, asthma, Down syndrome, recurrent ear infections, male sexual problems, lowering the risk of cancer;

terostilbene and Anthocyanins which can be useful in lowering the risk of cancer, especially blood vessel tumors, colon cancer, prostate cancer and liver cancer; 100. Limonin which can be useful in lowering the risk of cancer, expecially cancers of the mouth, throat, skin, lung, breast, stomach and colon

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLE 1 : Method of processing bananas to isolate the desirable components.

1. Homogenize the fruit in an excess of purified water until the material if fully in suspension.

2. Sieve the homogenate to remove large pieces of material.

3. Adjust the pH of the homogenate to pH 6.0 - 6.4, which is within the optimum pH for ot- Amylase activity from a microbial source such as B. subtilis. Also, the addition of between 50 - 70 ppm of calcium ion is recommended to maintain stability of the enzyme during high temperature digestion.

4. Add enzyme so that between 0.2 - 0.5U of activity is present per gram dry weight of banana homogenate.

5. Raise temperature to 50 - 70°C and monitor reaction by the liquefaction of the homogenate. During processing pasteurization of the material is also on option, with thermal cycling between 70° - 90°C.

6. The digestion is completed with the homogenate completely liquefied and the level of simple sugars does not increase.

7. After starch digestion it is desired to remove as much simple sugars as possible.

a) Simple sugars can be removed by dilution of the homogenate and then subjecting the homogenate to tangential flow filtration (TFF) using a nano-filtration membrane.

b) An alternative method to produce banana extract with lower sugar is to directly remove sugar using the TFF step above prior to amylase digestion. This can be applied to very ripe bananas that have a high sugar content.

c) Another process for removing simple sugars is to extract the banana homogenate with an excess of ethanol. The simple sugars partitioned into the ethanol while the other starch components remained in the insoluble phase. The insoluble phase was then removed and recovered, dried and used as product. The application of amylase and ethanol extraction removed as much as 60% of the original starch content. 8. The potency of the material is defined by the level of potassium and therefore some adjustments to the process will be needed during the TFF operation of step 7 to ensure that potassium is not depleted or reduced from the product (e.g., adding potassium as part of a buffer or, at the drug product stage, using potassium bicarbonate for a rapid dissolving tablet or as an excipient). The intention of the process is to maintain the same level of potassium in the final product as was seen on a dry weight basis in the raw materials.

9. The final step in processing the material can be spray drying to remove water and render the product in a state suitable for storage and blending.

All chemicals and product contact materials used in the process need to be food grade or better. The use of potassium containing buffers is acceptable while the use of sodium containing chemicals and buffers should be avoided.

EXAMPLE 2: Method of processing banana to isolate the desirable components as well as remove undesirable components.

2. Sieve the homogenate to remove large pieces of material. Further homogenize the large pieces, sieve and combine with homogenate.

3. Adjust the pH of the homogenate to pH 6.0 - 6.4, which is within the optimum pH for a- Amylase and other amylase activity from a microbial source such as B. subtilis or other amylase source, be it natural, recombinant, mammalian or other microbial sources or sources as well as in combination with other enzymes such as pectinases. Also, the addition of between 50 - 70 ppm of calcium ion is recommended to maintain stability of the some amylase enzymes during high temperature digestion.

4. Add enzyme so that between 0.2 - 0.5U of activity is present per gram dry weight of banana homogenate. Enzyme levels can vary from trace levels to higher levels.

6. The digestion is completed when the homogenate is completely liquefied and the level of simple sugars does not increase.

7. After starch digestion it is desired to remove as much simple sugars as possible. a) Simple sugars can be removed by addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other Saccharomyces sp. and/or Lactobacillus acidophilus and other Lactobacillus sp. as well as other microbes that can utilize carbohydrates and sugars as nutritional substrates after the amylase treated banana homogenate has cooled to room temperature. In this case the homogenate is incubated at a temperature between 5 - 90°C in a sanitary container with an air lock or other device to prevent microbial contamination of the homogenate.

b) A preferred embodiment is to conduct the above fermentation with the homogenate being stirred and with the addition of air sparging to accelerate the digestion of the carbohydrates and sugars. Fermentation and removal of the sugars and carbohydrates are indicated when carbon dioxide is no longer evolving from the homogenate.

c) Removal of carbohydrates and sugars from the banana homogenate can also be facilitated using the above fermentation technology with membranes to separate the small molecular weight sugars from the large molecular entities. Membranes are those used for nanofiltration and dialysis and salt removal.

d) Additionally, centrifugation can be used to remove and otherwise separate high molecular weight constituents from other constituents in combination with membranes and pressure, by controlling a combination of centrifugal force, hydrostatic pressure and trans-membrane pressure.

8. A subsequent step in processing the material is lyophilization to remove all accessible water while retaining other components or the use of spray drying to remove water and render the product in a dry state suitable for storage and blending. Additionally, water can be removed by heating the material in an oven, boiling with and without application of partial pressure or vacuum, rotoevaporation, spin-drying under vacuum at high speed, distillation and evaporation using other means.

The use of potassium containing buffers is acceptable while the use of sodium containing chemicals and buffers should be avoided.

EXAMPLE 3: Process for the fractionation of fruit derived products using supercritical fluid chromato graphy .

This invention pertains to the large scale processing of fruit derived products to remove objectionable agents. A process stream comprising of a process fruit that is subjected to enzymatic treatment(s), fermentation, and phase separation between solids and liquid supernatant is disclosed. Said process allows for the preparation of a fruit derived product that is low in sugars and carbohydrates while retaining in the solid and liquid phases nutritionally useful components found in the fruit. Additionally, said process allows for the removal of

objectionable flavor components derived during the fermentation process through selective fractionation of the product into a multi-component process stream, whereby the objectionable components are discarded. The treatment process is comprised of chromatography unit operations whereby the sample is applied to a chromatographic column (a stationary phase) and treated in the column using a mobile phase comprised of carbon dioxide, water, solvents, buffer and/or mixtures of liquids and buffers. The stationary phase is comprised of silica, polymeric, inorganic materials and/or other solids and supports that facilitate the fractionation by being the stationary phase. The process is optimized such that process conditions allow for the

objectionable agents to be retained on the chromatographic system while the desired products are not retained on the system and pass directly through the system. Conditions are then changed to optimize the removal of all other retained product related materials such that said material is recovered. This binary chromatographic system can be comprised of any number of stationary phases such as normal, reversed, ion-exchange, hydrophobic and other phases and modes of chromatography. EXAMPLE 4: Process and system for a compartmentalized fermentation in a tank that allows for isolation of the fermenting microbes such as yeast, bacteria, and other organic matter processing microbes.

The intended use of the system is to allow for use of microbial processing type unit operations remotely from the primary process stream, whereby the microbial operations are contained in an isolated tank separated from the product tank by a membrane. Said membrane is selected based on the ability of the membrane to retain microbes in the isolation tank while allow for the liquid portion of the product stream to perfuse through the microbial tank. The isolation tank segregates the process stream solid from the microbes, facilitating recovery of the process stream and allowing for the microbe to perform as a biostat in a continuous flow operation. The membrane can be composed of smooth sheets, hollow fibers, pleated sheets, and operates in a preferred mode of tangential flow filtration. EXAMPLE 5: Examples of processes useful for all or part of the methods of producing the processed organic matter derivatives or extracts of the invention include:

1. Extracting the sugar and starch from fruits or vegetables

One example of this process is as follows:

blending the fruits or vegetables into a pulp with water;

using enzymes such as pectinases or whole organisms such as yeast, or chemical acid or base treatment in combination with heating to break down or otherwise allow for the pectin to be more easily extracted into aqueous solution;

optionally adding and mixing in preservatives or antioxidants such as sulfur dioxide, ascorbic acid, or citric acid;

pressing, centrifuging or filtering the treated pulp to recover the pectin containing solution out of the pulp and isolating the soluble material;

extraction the soluble materials from the pulp by further diluting and mixing with water and repeating the isolation of soluble material step;

optionally concentrating the soluble material derived from the pulp using reverse- osmosis to achieve a more concentrated solution;

treating the concentrate with an acid (e.g., hydrochloric, sulfuric, citric) to lower the pH of the concentrate to a range of pH 2 - 5 at ambient or sub-ambient temperature;

precipitating the desired soluble fraction by treating with calcium ion or alcohol solution; isolating the precipitate using centrifugation or filtration;

washing the precipitate with alcohol;

drying the precipitate as an intermediate, which should be highly enriched in pectin; converting the intermediate to the processed organic matter derivative by dissolving the intermediate at neutral pH in a potassium containing buffer such as potassium citrate while controlling or adjusting the amount of potassium to reflect the level desired for a particular dosage form and potency; concentrating the intermediate using reverse osmosis or evaporation;

optionally drying to a stable processed organic matter derivative using spray drying, lyophilization or oven drying; determining the final potassium level as a control of potency and optionally adding additional potassium; and

optionally adding Vitamin D3 or other agents to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the material.

Another example of processing fruits or vegetables to make the processed organic matter derivative of the invention is

blending the fruits or vegetables into a pulp using water with a potassium phosphate or other potassium containing buffer at a pH above 4;

isolating the soluble fraction using centrifugation or filtration with washing with water; and drying the soluble fraction using spray drying, lyophilization or other method.

Other examples of processing steps that can be included in the methods of the invention include: using dried, frozen or fresh fruits or vegetables as a starting material;

suspending dried fruits or vegetables in water and adjusting pH to 2.0 with a mineral acid such as hydrochloric, sulfuric or phosphoric acid;

heating the acidified fruits or vegetables and fruits or vegetables pulp and titrating the solution to a pH of between 2 - 4 during heating to assure hydrolysis of the pectin occurs; isolating the soluble pectin using filtration, centrifugation or sedimentation;

concentrating the isolated soluble pectin;

precipitating the pectin using alcohol addition; recovering the isolated purified pectin using filtration, centrifugation or sedimentation and adjusting the level of potassium ion to that physiologically relevant level; spray drying, drying by heating or lyophilization of the pectin.

4. Fractionating fruits or vegetables and fruits or vegetables pulp using a combination of aqueous and organic solvents, salts and buffers to control pH.

5. Use of temperature to control solubility of fruits or vegetables components, in

combination with changes in pH and ionic strength of fruits or vegetables pulp.

6. Fractionation of fruits or vegetables pulp using highly pressurized carbon dioxide as a solvent, also known as supercritical carbon dioxide for fluid extraction.

7. Supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide in combinations of C0₂ between 100% - 0% with at least one other fluid component whereby the other component is an organic solvent, water, or alcohol, and in combinations with buffers and salts and controlled pH and variations of ambient temperature.

8. Extraction using citric acid followed by ethanol precipitation to produce pectin with a high galacturonic acid (greater than 5%) content followed by neutralization using potassium citrate.

9. Extraction using calcium containing buffer to render pectin insoluble with concentration and drying to result in the processed organic matter derivative.

10. Selective extraction or removal of sugars and carbohydrates from banana, thereby

resulting in non-extractable solids such as pectin, dietary fiber and other materials that have little caloric value.

11. Selectively removing of sugars and carbohydrates from fruits or vegetables using

enzymatic agents (amylases in particular) and fermentation using microbes such as yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or other GRAS microbial agents.

Selective removal of sugars from ripe fruits or vegetables in particular using S. cerevisiae and other natural microbial agents.

EXAMPLE 6: Reduced target and retained non-target results for processed banana derivatives As one example, bananas were selected as the input material, i.e. organic matter, and processed via the methods of the invention. A liquid form, a dough form and a powder form were produced and analyzed for amounts of certain chosen target and non-target components. Figures 24A and 24B report the results and the nutrition facts for the liquid version of the derivative. By way of example, there is Og sugar in the derivative, therefore this derivative contains about 0% of the initial amount of the target component, sugar. Similarly, Figures 25 A and 25B report the results and the nutrition facts for the dough version of the derivative, and also show Og sugar. Likewise, Figure 26 reports the results for a partially lyophilized version of the derivative showing <0.5g sugar. Figures 27A and 27B compare the nutrition facts of the banana derivative to an equal amount of banana material or dehydrated banana. Figure 28 compares the nutrition facts of the banana derivative to an equal amount of other soluble fiber ingredients, namely inulin and polydextrose.

Although the invention has been described with respect to various embodiments, it should be realized these teachings are also capable of a wide variety of further and other embodiments within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A method of processing organic matter, comprising the steps of:

a) providing organic matter;

b) optionally preparing organic matter;

c) optionally sanitizing the organic matter or prepared organic matter;

d) removing one or more target component from the sanitized organic matter; e) optionally removing liquid from the one or more target components depleted or reduced organic matter.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising dividing the organic matter or prepared organic matter into two or more mixtures.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein one or more step is repeated one or more times.

4. The method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein said sanitizing comprises a method selected from the group consisting of: pasteurizing, irradiating, exposing to UV rays, filtering, homogenizing, disrupting cells, sonicating, freeze-thawing, lyophilizing, heating, heat-pulsing, gassing, raising the pH, lowering the pH, adding enzymes, adding antibiotics, adding anti-fungal agents, adding alcohol and combinations thereof.

5. The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein said preparing comprises washing and/or transforming.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein said washing comprises a method selected from the group consisting of: submerging, soaking, cleaning, applying running solution and combinations thereof.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein said transforming comprises a method selected from the group consisting of: homogenizing, blending, chopping, slicing, cutting, mincing, pulverizing, grinding, pressurizing, sonicating, filtering, diluting, osmotic shocking, freeze thawing, applying enzymes and combinations thereof.

8. The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein said removing liquid comprises a method selected from the group consisting of: performing reverse osmosis, lyophilizing, drying, spray drying, drum drying, distilling, supercritical drying and combinations thereof.

9. The method of any one of claims 1-8, wherein said removing one or more target component comprises separating said one or more target component from said organic matter.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein said separating comprises a method selected from the group consisting of: centrifuging, filtering, dialyzing, pressurizing, precipitating, partitioning, magnetic separation, extracting, absorbing, drying, distilling, dissolving, washing, degrading, converting and combinations thereof.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein said partitioning or extracting comprises a method selected from the group consisting of: performing chromatography, performing electrophoresis, performing ionic transfer, multiphase liquid extracting, solid-phase extracting, liquid-liquid partitioning/extracting, liquid-solid partitioning/extracting, magnetic separation, performing osmosis, performing reverse osmosis and combinations thereof.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein said degrading or converting comprises a method selected from the group consisting of: incubating with one or more enzymes, incubating with one or more microorganisms and combinations thereof.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein said one or more microorganism is yeast.

14. The method of claims 12 or 13, wherein said one or more microorganism is physically separated from said organic matter.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein said one or more enzyme is selected from the group consisting of: alpha-amylase, branch amylase, gluco-amylase, cold active amylases, glucose oxidase, fructose oxidase, sucrose oxidase and combinations thereof.

16. The method of any one of claims 1-15, wherein all chemicals contacting said organic matter are GRAS ingredients.

17. The method of any one of claims 1-16, wherein said organic matter is selected from the group consisting of: edible animal matter, edible plant matter, non-edible animal matter, non- edible plant matter and combinations thereof.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein said animal matter or plant matter is selected from the group consisting of: apples, apricots, bananas, plantains, cantaloupes, grapefruits, pineapples, strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, blackberries, acai berries, watermelons, honeydew melons, cactus pears, carambolas, cherimoyas, dates, feijoas, figs, oranges, Clementines, tangerines, limes, lemons, grapes, raisins, plums, prunes, guavas, kiwis, kumquats, loquats, lychees, mangoes, mangosteens, monster deliciosas, papayas, passion fruits, pepinoes, persimmons, physales, pomeloes, cherries, pomegranates, rambutans, peaches, pears, tamarinds, quinces, cranberries, coconuts, goji berries, nectarines, black currants, red currants, gooseberries, pumpkins, beets, beet greens, carrots, tomatoes, potatoes, sweet potatoes, yams, kales, broccolis, onions, celeries, avocadoes, cucumbers, garlics, artichokes, nuts, herbs, mushrooms, truffles, flowers, grains, grasses, legumes, dairy products and combinations thereof.

19. The method of any one of claims 1-18, wherein said one or more target component is selected from the group consisting of: sugars, starches, lipids, carbohydrates, pectin, alcohol, water and combinations thereof.

20. The method of any one of claims 1-19, further comprising adding one or more further ingredients to the processed organic matter derivative.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein said one or more further ingredient is selected from the group consisting of: vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, fibers, phytochemicals and combinations thereof.

22. A processed organic matter derivative made by the method of any one of claims 1-21.

23. A processed organic matter derivative comprising organic matter depleted or reduced of one or more target component.

24. The processed organic matter derivative of claim 23, wherein said one or more target component comprises less than about 100% of the initial amount of one or more target component content of said organic matter.

25. The processed organic matter derivative of claim 23, wherein said one or more target component comprises less than about 90% of the initial amount of one or more target component content of said organic matter.

26. The processed organic matter derivative of claim 23, wherein said one or more target component comprises less than about 75% of the initial amount of one or more target component content of said organic matter.

27. The processed organic matter derivative of claim 23, wherein said one or more target component comprises less than about 50% of the initial amount of one or more target component content of said organic matter.

28. The processed organic matter derivative of claim 23, wherein said one or more target component comprises less than about 10% of the initial amount of one or more target component content of said organic matter.

29. The processed organic matter derivative of claim 23, wherein said one or more target component comprises less than about 5% of the initial amount of one or more target component content of said organic matter.

30. The processed organic matter derivative of claim 23, wherein said one or more target component comprises less than about 1% of the initial amount of one or more target component content of said organic matter.

31. The processed organic matter derivative of claim 23, wherein said one or more target component comprises about 0% of the initial amount of one or more target component content of said organic matter.

32. The processed organic matter derivative of any one of claims 23-31 , wherein a non-target component comprises about 100% of the initial amount of one or more non-target component.

33. The processed organic matter derivative of any one of claims 23-31 , wherein a non-target component comprises at least about 99% of the initial amount of one or more non-target component.

34. The processed organic matter derivative of any one of claims 23-31 , wherein a non-target component comprises at least about 95% of the initial amount of one or more non-target component.

35. The processed organic matter derivative of any one of claims 23-31 , wherein a non-target component comprises at least about 90% of the initial amount of one or more non-target component.

36. The processed organic matter derivative of any one of claims 23-31 , wherein a non-target component comprises at least about 85% of the initial amount of one or more non-target component.

37. The processed organic matter derivative of any one of claims 23-31 , wherein a non-target component comprises at least about 75% of the initial amount of one or more non-target component.

38. The processed organic matter derivative of any one of claims 23-31 , wherein a non-target component comprises at least about 50% of the initial amount of one or more non-target component.

39. The processed organic matter derivative of any one of claims 23-31 , wherein a non-target component comprises at least about 25% of the initial amount of one or more non-target component.

40. The processed organic matter derivative of any one of claims 23-31 , wherein a non-target component comprises at least about 10% of the initial amount of one or more non-target component.

41. The processed organic matter derivative of any one of claims 23-40, wherein said one or more target component is selected from the group consisting of sugar, starch, lipids, carbohydrates, pectin, alcohol, water, vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, fibers, phytochemicals, esters, metabolites and combinations thereof.

42. The processed organic matter derivative of any one of claims 23-41, wherein said one or more non-target component is selected from the group consisting of sugar, starch, lipids, carbohydrates, pectin, alcohol, water, vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, fibers, phytochemicals, esters, metabolites and combinations thereof.

43. The processed organic matter derivative of any one of claims 23-41 , wherein said organic matter is selected from the group consisting of: edible animal matter, edible plant matter, non- edible animal matter, non-edible plant matter and combinations thereof and combinations thereof.

44. The processed organic matter derivative of claim 43, wherein said animal matter or vegetable matter is selected from the group consisting of: apples, apricots, bananas, plantains, cantaloupes, grapefruits, pineapples, strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, blackberries, acai berries, watermelons, honeydew melons, cactus pears, carambolas, cherimoyas, dates, feijoas, figs, oranges, Clementines, tangerines, limes, lemons, grapes, raisins, plums, prunes, guavas, kiwis, kumquats, loquats, lychees, mangoes, mangosteens, monster deliciosas, papayas, passion fruits, pepinoes, persimmons, physales, pomeloes, cherries, pomegranates, rambutans, peaches, pears, tamarinds, quinces, cranberries, coconuts, goji berries, nectarines, black currants, red currants, gooseberries, pumpkins, beets, beet greens, carrots, tomatoes, potatoes, sweet potatoes, yams, kales, broccolis, onions, celeries, avocadoes, cucumbers, garlics, artichokes, nuts, herbs, mushrooms, truffles, flowers, grains, grasses, legumes, dairy products and combinations thereof.

45. The processed organic matter derivative of any one of claims 23-44 further comprising one or more additional ingredient selected from the group consisting of: vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, fibers, phytochemicals, esters and combinations thereof.

46. The processed organic matter derivative of claim 45, wherein said additional ingredient is a GRAS ingredient.

47. The processed organic matter derivative of claim 45 or 46, wherein said additional ingredient is selected from the group consisting of: chymotrypsin, alpha-lipoic, acai, acetyl-L- carnitine, N-acetyl glucosamine, lactobacillus, adenosine, alpha-glyceryl Phosphatidylcholine, alpha-ketoglutarate, alpha-linolenic acid, L,-arginine, ginseng, beta-sitosterol, Bifidobacteria, brewer's yeast, Bromelain, casein peptides, calcium, cocoa, chondroitin sulfate, calcium magnesium Inositol Hexaphosphate, capsaicin, cassia cinnamon, coenzyme Q-10, cranberry, curcumin, dehydroepiandrosterone, docosahexaenoic acid, black Psyllium, guar gum, larch Arabinogalactan, rice bran, EGCG, ellagic acid, ellagitannins, eicosapentaenoic acid, chrysin, diosmin, hesperidin, quercetin, naringin, rutin, folic acid, genistein, ginger, ginkgo, ginseng, glutathione, goji berry, grape seed extract, guarana, hawthorn, hyaluronic acid, kava, L-carnitine, lactoferrin, Lycopene, magnesium, manganese, mangosteen, melatonin, niacin, octacosanol, onion, Papain, papaya, pectin, Phosphatidylcholine, Phosphatidylserine, pomegranate, potassium, Fructo-oligosaccharides, prickly pear cactus, Saccharomyces boulardii, pycnogenol, red rice yeast, resveratrol, S AMe, saffron, saw palmetto, selenium, tamarind, tomato, L- tryptophan, Vitamin A, Vitamin Bl, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, para-aminobenzoic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B7, Inositol, para-aminobenzoic acid, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, whey protein, zinc, pterostilbene, anthocyanins, and limonin.

48. A product comprising the processed organic matter derivative of claim 22.

49. A product comprising the processed organic matter derivative of any one of claims 23-47.

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50. The product of claims 48 or 49, wherein said product is selected from the group consisting of foods, beverages, bars, cereals, baked goods, candies, chocolates, salt alternatives, dairy products, cosmetics, soaps, cleansers, perfumes, skin care products, oral care products, personal care products, herbal products, botanicals, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, furniture, paper, textiles and industrial materials.

51. A method of preventing, treating or stabilizing a health condition comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of the processed organic matter derivative of claim 22.

52. A method of preventing, treating or stabilizing a health condition comprising

administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of the processed organic matter derivative of any one of claims 23-47.

53. A method of preventing, treating or stabilizing a health condition comprising

administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of the product of any one of claims 48-50.

54. The method of any one of claims 50-53, wherein said health condition is selected from the group consisting of: hypertension, stroke, nervous system disorders, kidney disorders, osteoporosis, anemia, nausea, stress, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, menopause, morning sickness, pregnancy-related temperature disorders, hot flashes, heartburn, ulcers, cancer, constipation, diarrhea, macular degeneration, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, nicotine withdrawal symptoms, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, mosquito bites, autoimmune diseases, inflammation, HIV infection, flu, colds, pain, viral infections, bacterial infections, muscle health, metabolic syndromes, Alzheimer's disease, infections, sinusitis, thrombosis, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, IBS, exercise, vitamin deficiencies, protein deficiencies, enzyme deficiencies, mineral deficiencies as well as maintaining healthy levels of vitamins, proteins, minerals and enzymes.

55. A method of treating or enhancing the appearance of keratin-containing tissues comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of the processed organic matter derivative of claim 22.

56. A method of treating or enhancing the appearance of keratin-containing tissues comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of the processed organic matter derivative of any one of claims 23-47.

57. A method of treating or enhancing the appearance of keratin-containing tissues comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of the product of claim 48-50.

58. The method of any one of claims 55-57, wherein said appearance of keratin-containing tissues is impacted by a condition or event selected from the group consisting of excema, rashes, psoriasis, cancer, cellulitis, wrinkles, spider veins, dry skin, age spots and sun damage.