Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
  • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
  • G02B27/017—Head mounted
  • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
  • G02B27/02—Viewing or reading apparatus
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
  • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
  • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
  • G02B2027/0127—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the depth of field
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
  • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
  • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
  • G02B2027/0132—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
  • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
  • G02B27/017—Head mounted
  • G02B2027/0178—Eyeglass type
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
  • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
  • G02B27/0179—Display position adjusting means not related to the information to be displayed
  • G02B2027/0187—Display position adjusting means not related to the information to be displayed slaved to motion of at least a part of the body of the user, e.g. head, eye
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
  • G02B23/12—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices with means for image conversion or intensification
  • G02B23/125—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices with means for image conversion or intensification head-mounted
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
  • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
  • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
  • G02B27/017—Head mounted
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T19/00—Manipulating three-dimensional [3D] models or images for computer graphics
  • G06T19/006—Mixed reality
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
  • G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
  • G09G5/36—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the display of a graphic pattern, e.g. using an all-points-addressable [APA] memory
  • G09G5/37—Details of the operation on graphic patterns
  • G09G5/377—Details of the operation on graphic patterns for mixing or overlaying two or more graphic patterns

Definitions

• a see-through display merges a display image and an external image, presenting both images in the same physical space.
• a display may be used in a wearable, head- mounted display system; it may be coupled in goggles, a helmet, or other eyewear.
• the see-through display enables the viewer to view images from a computer, video game, media player, or other electronic device, with privacy and mobility.
• this approach may be used for stereoscopic (e.g., virtual-reality) display.
• a head-mounted display system may be configured in view of certain ocular relationships.
• One such relationship is the placement of the focal plane of the display image relative to a background subject in the external scene. If the focal plane of the display image is too far from the background su bject, the viewer may have difficulty focusing and may experience eyestrain.
• One em bodiment of this disclosure provides a method for overlaying first and second images in a common focal plane of a viewer.
• the method comprises forming the first image and guiding the first and second images along an axis to a pupil of the viewer.
• the method further comprises adjustably diverging the first and second images at an adaptive diverging optic to bring the first image into focus at the common focal plane, and, adjusta bly converging the second image at an adaptive converging optic to bring the second image into focus at the common focal plane.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 show example head-mounted display systems in accordance with embodiments of this disclosure.
• FIG. 3 shows an example environment for overlaying first and second images in a common focal plane of a viewer in accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure.
• FIG. 4 illustrates an example method for overlaying first and second images in a common focal plane of a viewer in accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure.
• FIG. 1 shows a head-mounted display system 10 in one embodiment.
• System 10 is an example of video-display eyewear. It may closely resemble an ordinary pair of eyeglasses or sunglasses. However, this system includes see-through display devices 12A and 12B, which project display images for view by the wearer. In particular, the display images are projected directly in front of the wearer's eyes. Accordingly, system 10 includes wearable mount 14, which positions the display devices a short distance in front of the wearer's eyes. In FIG. 1, the wearable mount takes the form of conventional eyeglass frames.
• Display devices 12A and 12B are at least partly transparent, so that the wearer can view an external scene as well as a display image.
• the display image and various subjects in the external scene may occupy different focal planes, such that wearer may shift his or her focus from the external subjects to the display image and vice versa.
• the display image and at least one external subject may share the same focal plane, as described hereinafter.
• system 10 includes controller 16, which controls the internal componentry of display devices 12A and 12B in order to form the display images and enable the viewing of the external scene.
• controller 16 may cause display devices 12A and 12B to project the same display image concurrently, so that the wearer's right and left eyes receive the same image at the same time.
• the display devices may project slightly different images b ;5 ⁇ ;5 ⁇ . ⁇ ,
• FIG. 2 shows another example head-mounted display systeml8.
• Systeml8 is a helmet having a visor 20, behind which display devices 12A and 12B are arranged.
• Systeml8 may be used in applications ranging from video gaming to aviation.
• FIG. 3 shows aspects of an example see-through display device 12 in one embodiment.
• the display device includes illuminator 22 and image former 24.
• the illuminator may comprise a white-light source, such as a white light- emitting diode (LED).
• the illuminator may further comprise suitable optics for collimating the emission of the white-light source and directing the emission to the image former.
• the image former may comprise a rectangular array of light valves, such as a liquid-crystal display (LCD) array.
• the light valves of the array may be arranged to spatially vary and temporally modulate the amount of collimated light transmitted there through, such as to form pixels of the display image.
• the image former may comprise suitable light-filtering elements in registry with the light valves, so that a color display image may be formed.
• the illuminator may comprise one or more modulated lasers, and the image former may be configured to raster the emission of the lasers in synchronicity with the modulation to form the display image.
• image former 24 may comprise a rectangular array of modulated color LED's arranged to form the display image. As the color LED array emits its own light, illuminator 16 may be omitted from the display device.
• image former 24 (and illuminator 22 when present) is operatively coupled to controller 16.
• the controller provides suitable control signals that, when received by the image former, cause the desired display image to be formed.
• the controller may be further configured to execute any control or processing action described herein, and other actions as well.
• image former 24 is arranged to project the display image into see-through multipath optic 26.
• the multipath optic is configured to reflect the display image to pupil 28 of a viewer— viz., the wearer of the head-mounted display system in which the display device is installed.
• the multipath optic is also configured to transmit to the viewer's pupil an external image of scene 30, arranged external to the b ;5 ⁇ ;5 ⁇ . ⁇ ,
• Scene 30 may include one or more stationary or moving foreground subjects 32.
• the foreground subjects are arranged in front of a background subject 34— i.e., between the background subject and the display device.
• multipath optic 26 may comprise a partly reflective, partly transmissive structure, as found in an optical beam splitter.
• the multipath optic may comprise a partially silvered mirror.
• the multipath optic may comprise a refractive structure that supports a thin turning film.
• a refractive structure within multipath optic 26 may be configured with optical power. It could be used to guide the display image to pupil 28 at a controlled vergence, such that the display image is provided as a virtual image in a focal plane different from the plane of image former 24.
• the multipath optic may contribute no optical power, and a virtual display image may be formed via the diverging and/or converging power of other optical elements, as described below.
• FIG. 3 an apparent position of a virtual display image is shown, by example, at 36.
• the combined optical power of illuminator 22, image former 24, and multipath optic 26 may be such as to project a virtual display image focused 'at infinity'.
• This configuration absent further converging or diverging optics, may provide a positive see-through display experience when the scene viewed through the display device has a relatively large depth of field. It may provide a less positive experience, however, when the depth of field is shallow.
• the human brain controls the focus of the eye. In sum, the brain is antagonistic to plural background subjects in a scene. Instead of establishing a different focus for background subjects arranged at different depths, the brain will try to use a common focus for all background imagery.
• the display image would appear to float in front of the wall; the wall and the display image would both be resolved without a change in focus of the wearer's eye. If the wearer then places a hand in front of his or her face, resolving the hand would induce a change in b ;5 ⁇ ;5 ⁇ . ⁇ ,
• the brain's attempt to align background imagery is limited by the eye's finite depth of field. If the viewer in the present example moves closer to the wall— e.g., to thirty centimeters— it will be impossible for the same corneal focus to sharply image both the wall and a virtual display image projected at infinity. Continued attempts to do so may cause the viewer to experience eyestrain and headache.
• display device 12 of FIG. 3 is configured to project a virtual display image at an adjustable (i.e., mova ble) focal plane.
• the focal plane is adjusted dynamically in response to the distance to background su bject 34, and to other factors.
• display device 12 includes adaptive diverging lens 38 and diverging lens driver 40A.
• the adaptive diverging lens is one example of an adaptive diverging optic having adjustable optical power. It is arranged between the multipath optic and the viewer's pupil, and is configured to adjusta bly diverge the display image and the external image such that the display image is brought into focus at a target focal plane.
• the diverging lens driver is operatively coupled to the adaptive diverging lens and configured to adjust the optical power of the lens.
• the focal plane of the virtual display image can be moved back and forth— e.g., from infinity to a finite depth.
• the controller receives one or more forms of input that ena ble it to determine the desired target position of the focal plane, as discussed further below.
• the focal length of adaptive diverging lens 38 may be varied so as to move the focal plane of the virtual display image between infinity and thirty centimeters at suita bly fine intervals— e.g., continuously or at fixed increments.
• the increments may be arranged linearly in reciprocal space. There may be four, five, ten, or one-hundred increments, for example.
• the increments may be arranged in one-half diopter steps.
• the adaptive diverging lens may have a maximum optical power of -4 diopters, for a focal length of 25 centimeters (cm).
• the adaptive diverging lens may comprise a compound stack of diverging lenses, wherein at least one lens has changea ble optical power.
• display device 12 also includes adaptive converging lens 42 and converging lens driver 40B.
• the adaptive converging lens is one example of an adaptive converging optic having adjustable optical power. It is arranged at an opposite side of multipath optic 26, relative to the adaptive diverging lens, and is configured to adjustably converge the external image to bring the external image into focus at the target focal plane.
• the converging lens driver is operatively coupled to the adaptive converging lens and is configured to adjust the optical power of the lens.
• the focal length of the adaptive converging lens may be adjusted so that the vergence brought about by the adaptive diverging lens is exactly reversed by the adaptive converging lens, resulting in no optical power being applied to the external image of scene 30.
• the focal lengths of the diverging and converging lenses may be adjusted in sympathy: when one increases (i.e., becomes more positive), the other decreases (i.e., becomes more negative).
• the increase and the decrease may be of the same amount. In another embodiment, they may differ to compensate for possible non-idealities.
• such adjustment may also be done in concert—that is to say, with little or no lag between adjustment of the adaptive diverging lens and adjustment of the adaptive converging lens.
• the adjustment may be enacted in a push-pull manner.
• the focal length of adaptive converging lens 42 may be adjusted in concert with that of adaptive diverging lens 38 so that a constant optical power is applied to the external image of the scene. This approach may be used to provide a see-through display experience while also correcting for the viewer's myopia, hyperopia and/or presbyopia, as discussed below.
• adaptive diverging lens 38 and adaptive converging lens 42 may each comprise one or more electro-optically tunable elements.
• Such elements may comprise a material phase having a refractive index that changes in response to an applied electric field.
• the optical power (i.e., the focal length) of the lenses may be varied, controllably, by varying the applied electric field. Because the b ;5 ⁇ ;5 ⁇ . ⁇ ,
• the adaptive lenses may be configured to respond rapidly on the timescale of focal-point accommodation of the human eye— in 75 to 100 milliseconds, for example. This is an advantage over mechanically actuated adaptive lens systems, where the response times may be much greater.
• the rapid response times of the adaptive lenses enable prompt movement of the common focal plane of the display and external images. Furthermore, they ena ble the adaptive converging lens to accurately 'track' the changing optical power of the adaptive diverging lens, such that the external image is in focus whenever the display image is in focus.
• Adaptive diverging and converging lenses based on electro-optically tunable elements provide other advantages besides rapid response.
• such lenses may be configured to operate on two- to five-volt control signals from drivers 40A and 40B, for compatibility with common logic-device families.
• each electro- optically tuna ble element may be a thin, light-weight layer having a transparency of a bout 97 percent in the visible. Accordingly, a stack comprising three such elements could maintain a transparency of 91 percent, and a thickness no greater than 1.5 millimeters.
• multipath optic 26 may be optically coupled (e.g., index matched) to adaptive diverging lens 38 and/or adaptive converging lens 42, for reducing attenuation of the display and/or images.
• one or more of the multipath optic, the adaptive diverging lens, and the adaptive converging lens may support an anti-reflective coating to reduce optical losses.
• an adaptive reflective element such as a mirror, or a combination of refractive and reflective elements may suitably em body the adaptive diverging and converging optics disclosed herein.
• controller 16 receives input that ena bles it to determine the desired position of the target focal plane.
• FIG. 3 shows rangefinder 44. Coupled at the front face of display device 12, opposite scene 30, the rangefinder may be any device responsive to the distance between itself and background su bject 34 of the scene. To this end, the rangefinder may be configured to measure the time period between emitting a pulse and detecting an 'echo'— i.e., reflected or return pulse.
• the b 5 ⁇ ;5 ⁇ . ⁇ ,
• the rangefinder may acquire an image of the scene illuminated by patterned light. Based on the metrics of the patterned light reflected back to the rangefinder, the distance to the background may be triangulated.
• FIG. 3 shows rangefinder 44 coupled to the front face of display device 12, opposite scene 30, differently configured rangefinders may be located elsewhere.
• the rangefinder may use a technology in which distance to the background is correlated to the angle of intersection between the optical axes of the viewers eyes— e.g., as defined by the orientation of the pupils.
• a rangefinder operating on this principle may be arranged the other side of the display device, opposite the viewer's eyes, so that the orientation of each pupil can be sighted.
• controller 16 may set the target focal plane of the virtual display image to the distance reported by the rangefinder. Accordingly, the depth of the common focal plane of the virtual display image and the external image may be determined based on an output of the rangefinder. It will be understood, however, that other embodiments equally embraced by this disclosure may not include a rangefinder. Rather, controller 16 may be configured to set the focal plane of the display image based on some other criterion, such as an external input from a computer system or application. In other embodiments, even when a rangefinder is included, the external input may be used to set the focal plane of the display image in a manner that supersedes the rangefinder output.
• the rangefinder output may be modified, such that the display image is moved backward or forward based on the external input.
• further processing may be applied in cases where the external input dictates one focal plane, and the rangefinder output dictates another. Such processing may determine a 'compromise' focal plane or establish a priority for resolving the conflicting inputs.
• display device 12 includes linear accelerometer 46 and gyroscopic sensor 48. Coupled anywhere within the head-mounted display system in which the display device is installed, these sensors furnish signals responsive to the viewer's head motion to controller 16. In one embodiment, the controller may determine the appropriate focal plane of the virtual display image based partly on the viewer's head motion, as reported by the sensors. For example, the linear accelerometer b ;5 ⁇ ;5 ⁇ . ⁇ ,
• the gyroscopic sensor may be used to detect a rotation of the viewer's head, suggestive of a change in focus.
• FIG. 4 illustrates an example method 50 for overlaying first and second images in a common focal plane of a viewer.
• the viewer is a wearer of a head-mounted display system.
• the first image is a display image formed in the head- mounted display system
• the second image is an external image of a scene arranged opposite the viewer.
• the external image may include one or more foreground subjects arranged in front of a background subject.
• the display image is formed in the head-mounted display system.
• the display image may be formed in any suitable image former coupled in the display system.
• the image former may project the display image into an infinitely distant focal plane arranged normal to the natural optical axis of the viewer, as defined by the viewer's pupil and retina.
• estimating the distance to the background subject comprises detecting a sonic, ultrasonic, or optical reflection from the background subject, as described above. In another embodiment, estimating the distance to the background subject comprises b ;5 ⁇ ;5 ⁇ . ⁇ ,
• the estimated distance to the background subject is data that may be received by a controller and used in various ways. For example, it may control or inform the selection of the common focal plane for the display image and the external image, as discussed below. In some embodiments, this data may also be used to control the manner in which the display image is formed— e.g., at 52 above. It is known, for example, that the left and right eyes align along parallel optical axes only when viewing a subject 'at infinity'. However, as the subject and the viewer approach each other, the optical axes of the left and right eyes converge to intersect at the subject.
• the display image for the left eye may be shifted to the right, and the display image for the right eye may be shifted to the left, as the subject and the viewer approach each other.
• such shifting may be enacted by controller 16, according to the controlling geometric and ocular principles.
• the detected motion may include linear acceleration, as detected via a linear accelerometer.
• the detected motion may include rotation, as detected by a gyroscopic sensor. Accordingly, any rotation or inclination of the viewer's head may be detected.
• the display image is reflected and guided through a multipath optic to the viewer's pupil.
• the display image may be guided from an image former to the viewer's pupil through a ninety-degree reflection at the multipath optic.
• the external image is transmitted and guided through the multipath optic to viewer's pupil.
• the external image may be guided directly through the multipath optic to the viewer's pupil. Accordingly, both the display image and the external are guided from the multipath optic to the viewer's pupil along the same optical axis, as defined by the viewer's pupil and retina.
• the display image is adjustably diverged at an adaptive diverging optic of the display system.
• the level of divergence applied to these images may be such as to move the display image from the infinitely distant focal plane in which it was projected to a target focal depth.
• b 5 ⁇ ;5 ⁇ . ⁇
• the target focal depth to which the display image is moved may correspond to a distance between the viewer and a background subject of the external scene. In this manner, the display image may be brought into focus at the common focal plane referred to above.
• the external image is adjustably converged at an adaptive converging optic to bring the second image into focus at the common focal plane.
• the adaptive diverging and converging optics may be actuated in concert, such that the display image and the external image are brought into focus concurrently. Further, the adaptive diverging and converging optics may be actuated in sympathy, such that a vergence of the external image caused by adjustably diverging the display image and the external image is reversed by adjustably converging the external image.
• the divergence imparted to the external image at 62 may be fully reversed at 64, so that no net vergence is applied to the external image.
• the vergence may be reversed incompletely to correct a ocular defect of the viewer— myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, etc.— which may affect the viewer's resolution of the external image. Accordingly, the actions of 62 and 64 may result in a net vergence being applied to the external image, of an amount suitable to enable the viewer to resolve the external image despite his or her ocular defect.
• an interface of the head-mounted display system may query the viewer to specify the level of the correction.
• the system may enact a more automatic procedure, wherein the controller progressively varies the level of correction from a myopic limit to a hyperopic limit. The viewer may signal the point at which the level of correction is adequate by tapping the lenses, or in any other suitable manner. From 64 the method returns.
• controller 16 shown schematically in FIG. 3.
• the controller includes logic subsystem 66 and memory subsystem 68. Through operative coupling of the logic subsystem and the memory subsystem, the controller may be configured to enact any method— i.e., computation, processing, or control function— described herein.
• b 5 ⁇ ;5 ⁇ . ⁇ ,
• memory su bsystem 68 may hold instructions that cause logic su bsystem 66 to enact the various methods.
• the logic su bsystem may include one or more physical devices configured to execute instructions.
• the logic subsystem may be configured to execute instructions that are part of one or more programs, routines, su bjects, components, data structures, or other logical constructs. Such instructions may be implemented to perform a task, implement a data type, transform the state of one or more devices, or otherwise arrive at a desired result.
• the logic subsystem may include one or more processors configured to execute software instructions.
• the logic su bsystem may include one or more hardware or firmware logic machines configured to execute hardware or firmware instructions.
• the logic su bsystem may optionally include components distributed among two or more devices, which may be remotely located in some embodiments.
• Memory su bsystem 68 may include one or more physical, non-transitory, devices configured to hold data and/or instructions executable by logic subsystem 66 to implement the methods and functions described herein. When such methods and functions are implemented, the state of the memory subsystem may be transformed (e.g., to hold different data).
• the memory subsystem may include removable media and/or built-in devices.
• the memory subsystem may include optical memory devices, semiconductor memory devices, and/or magnetic memory devices, among others.
• the memory su bsystem may include devices with one or more of the following characteristics: volatile, nonvolatile, dyna mic, static, read/write, read-only, random access, sequential access, location addressable, file addressable, and content addressable.
• the logic su bsystem and the memory su bsystem may be integrated into one or more common devices, such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or so-called system-on-a-chip.
• the memory su bsystem may include computer-system reada ble removable media, which may be used to store and/or transfer data and/or instructions executable to implement the herein-described methods and processes. Examples of such remova ble media include CD's, DVD's, H D-DVD's, Blu-Ray Discs, EEPROMs, and/or floppy disks, among others.
• b 5 ⁇ ;5 ⁇ . ⁇ ,
• aspects of the instructions described herein may be propagated in a transitory fashion by a pure signal—e.g., an electromagnetic signal, an optical signal, etc.— that is not held by a physical device for at least a finite duration.
• a pure signal e.g., an electromagnetic signal, an optical signal, etc.
• data and/or other forms of information pertaining to the present disclosure may be propagated by a pure signal.
• module and/or 'engine' are used to describe an aspect of controller 16 that is implemented to perform one or more particular functions.
• a module or engine may be instantiated via logic subsystem 66 executing instructions held by memory subsystem 68. It will be understood that different modules and/or engines may be instantiated from the same application, code block, subject, routine, and/or function. Likewise, the same module and/or engine may be instantiated by different applications, code blocks, subjects, routines, and/or functions in some cases.
• controller 16 may include various input devices and various output devices, such as display 12.
• Display 12 may provide a visual representation of data held by memory subsystem 68. As the herein-described methods and processes change the data held by the memory subsystem, and thus transform the state of the memory subsystem, the state of the display may likewise be transformed to visually represent changes in the underlying data.
• the display may include one or more display devices utilizing virtually any type of technology. Such display devices may be combined with logic subsystem 66 and/or memory subsystem 68 in a shared enclosure, or such display devices may be peripheral display devices.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
• Display Devices Of Pinball Game Machines (AREA)
• Lenses (AREA)
• Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)

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• 2010
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