WO2012077687A1

WO2012077687A1 - Indoor environment adjustment system

Info

Publication number: WO2012077687A1
Application number: PCT/JP2011/078208
Authority: WO
Inventors: 崇治二枝; 紘一高田
Original assignee: 石の癒株式会社
Priority date: 2010-12-07
Filing date: 2011-12-06
Publication date: 2012-06-14
Also published as: TW201231894A; JP2012122648A; KR20130098398A; HK1185403A1; CN103282725B; CN103282725A; KR101498117B1

Abstract

Provided is an indoor environment adjustment system capable of adjusting an indoor environment with a remarkably high level of energy efficiency by using the movement of thermal energy among different far-infrared radiating materials. In the indoor environment adjustment system, cooling surfaces of a cooling source are exposed in an indoor space and are constructed from a material including a far-infrared radiating material (A), exposed surfaces of members forming indoor surfaces in the indoor space are constructed from a material including a far-infrared radiating material (B) having a different type of molecule from the far-infrared radiating material (A), the cooling source is a device for cooling the cooling surface by means of a medium flowing in a flow path formed therein, the integrated emissivity of the material including the far-infrared radiating material (A) and the material including the far-infrared radiating material (B) is at least 0.70 in the wavelength range of 4.5 to 20 μm, and, with regard to the material including the far-infrared radiating material (A) and the material including the far-infrared radiating material (B), an overlapping region in the spectral emission spectrum for wavelengths of 4.5 to 20 μm in the operating temperature range of the system is at least 60% of black-body radiation.

Description

Indoor environment adjustment system

The present invention relates to an indoor environment adjustment system that adjusts a room to a comfortable environment by using a far-infrared radiation / absorption phenomenon between far-infrared radiation materials existing in the room.

The conventional technology for adjusting the indoor environment mainly involves the transfer of thermal energy by convection of indoor air heated or cooled by a heating source or cooling source arranged indoors, or hot or cold air from outside. It was used to transfer heat energy by supplying air to the room and convection the room air. Recently, the present applicant has made use of a far-infrared radiation / absorption phenomenon between the same far-infrared emitting materials, and thereby, between indoor surface components such as walls and ceilings and a cooling source (or heating source). By developing extremely efficient thermal energy transfer, we have developed an indoor environment adjustment system that is much more energy efficient than previous technologies that used convection of indoor air (Patent Document 1, 2).

The above-mentioned new indoor environment adjustment system uses the principle that energy transfer between the same substances showing the property of radiating and absorbing far infrared rays is performed with high efficiency. The term “same substance” as used herein refers to a substance that is the same at the molecular level. “Molecule” means a group of atoms bonded by a chemical bond, such as a crystal of a mineral constituting a natural stone material. included.

Japanese Patent No. 4422783 JP 2010-095993 A

The prior art indoor environment adjustment system adjusts the indoor environment (realizes comfort) by performing energy transfer through radiation and absorption between the same substances that exhibit the ability to radiate and absorb far-infrared rays. Yes. This is because energy transfer with extremely high efficiency (100% under ideal conditions) is possible by using the same substance having the same emissivity characteristics with respect to wavelength.

The above indoor environment adjustment system can be applied to various buildings. However, it may not always be easy to use the same far-infrared radiation material for the cooling source (or heating source) and the indoor surface constituent member. For example, when applied to an existing building, it is easy to install only a cooling source (or heating source) without modifying walls and ceilings, but far-infrared radiation materials contained in existing walls and ceilings It may be difficult to obtain the same.

The present invention is an indoor environment adjustment system developed from a new viewpoint that can effectively adjust the indoor environment even if the same far-infrared emitting material cannot be used for the indoor surface component and the cooling source (or heating source). For the purpose of provision.

In the indoor environment adjustment system of the present invention, an indoor surface constituent member such as a wall or ceiling and a cooling source (or heating source) that transfers thermal energy by radiation and absorption of far infrared rays between the indoor surface constituent member. Use different far-infrared emitting materials. The system of the present invention is similar to the indoor environment adjustment system disclosed in

Patent Documents

1 and 2 by the inventor of the present application, and is far from the cooling surface of the cooling source (or the heating surface of the heating source). It uses thermal energy transfer through infrared radiation and absorption. However, in the system of the present invention, different far-infrared emitting materials are used instead of using the same far-infrared emitting material for the indoor surface component and the cooling surface of the cooling source (or the heating surface of the heating source).

It is a requirement that the inventors of the present application use the same far-infrared emitting material on the indoor surface constituent member and the cooling surface of the cooling source (or the heating surface of the heating source) in the prior art systems described in

Patent Documents

1 and 2. Although it tried, when it was tried, when it is not using the same substance (in the case of the combination of a different substance), it was thought that the environmental adjustment effect was small or it was limited.

However, in view of the usefulness of realizing an effective system without using the same far-infrared radiation material for the indoor surface component and the cooling surface of the cooling source (or the heating surface of the heating source), studies are repeated. As a result, by satisfying the following requirements, it was found that a system that can be sufficiently put into practical use can be obtained even if different types of far-infrared emitting materials are used, and the present invention has been completed. That is,
(1) The emissivity of both materials is as high as possible on the cooling surface of the cooling source (or the heating surface of the heating source) and the surface of the indoor surface constituent member, which are made of materials containing different kinds of far-infrared emitting materials. Integral emissivity in the wavelength range of 4.5 to 20 μm is 0.70 or more; and (2) Both materials can share a wavelength range that can be shared in the operating temperature range (normal temperature range) of the system. Many things. Specifically, the room temperature spectrum radiation spectrum in the operating temperature range of the system of the cooling surface of the cooling source (or the heating surface of the heating source) and the indoor surface components made of materials containing different kinds of far-infrared emitting materials. The overlapping shared region on (wavelength 4.5-20 μm) should be 60% or more of blackbody radiation;
is required. Here, the cooling surface of the cooling source (that is, the heat absorption surface) is the far infrared ray absorption side, and the indoor surface component is the far infrared radiation side, while the heating surface of the heating source (that is, the heat radiation surface) is the far infrared ray. On the radiation side, the indoor surface constituent member is the far-infrared absorbing side.

The present invention provides the following inventions in order to solve the above problems.
(1) The cooling surface of the cooling source is exposed to the indoor space, the cooling surface is made of a material containing the far-infrared emitting material A, and the exposed surface of the indoor surface constituent member in the indoor space is the far-infrared emitting material A. The far-infrared emitting substance A is composed of a material containing a far-infrared emitting substance B having a molecular species different from that of the far-infrared emitting substance B. And the far-infrared emitting substance B and the material containing far-infrared emitting substance B both have an integral emissivity in the wavelength range of 4.5 to 20 μm of 0.70 or more, and the far-infrared emitting substance A and far infrared The material containing the radioactive substance B is an indoor environment adjustment system in which the overlapping region on the spectral radiation spectrum with a wavelength of 4.5 to 20 μm in the operating temperature range of the system is 60% or more of the black body radiation.
(2) The material containing the far-infrared emitting substance A and the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance B have the overlapping region on the spectral emission spectrum having a wavelength of 7 to 12 μm that is 60% or more of the black body radiation. The indoor environment adjustment system described.
(3) The indoor environment adjustment system according to (1) or (2), wherein the material including the far-infrared emitting substance A and the material including the far-infrared emitting substance B have an overlapping region of 70% or more of the black body radiation.
(4) The indoor environment adjustment system according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the overlapping area is 80% or more of black body radiation.
(5) The indoor environment adjustment system according to any one of (1) to (4) above, wherein the integrated emissivity of the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance A and the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance B is 0.80 or more.
(6) The material according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein 0.1 to 100 wt% of the far-infrared substance B is present in a material forming the exposed surface of the indoor surface constituting member. Indoor environment adjustment system.
(7) The room according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein 0.1 to 100 wt% of the far-infrared substance A is present in a material forming the cooling surface of the cooling source. Environmental adjustment system.
(8) The area of the indoor surface constituent member made of a material containing the far-infrared emitting substance B is an area of 0.05 times or more of the total floor area of the environment-adjusted space according to the above (1) to (7) The indoor environment adjustment system according to any one of the above.
(9) The area of the indoor surface component member made of a material containing the far-infrared emitting substance B is an area that is 0.3 times or more the total floor area of the space to be adjusted for the environment, as described in (1) to (8) above. The indoor environment adjustment system according to any one of the above.
(10) The area of the cooling surface including the far-infrared emitting substance A of the cooling source is 0.5 times or less of the area of the indoor surface constituent member made of the material including the far-infrared emitting substance B (1) ) To (9).
(11) The area of the cooling surface including the far-infrared emitting substance A of the cooling source is 0.2 to 0.5 times the area of the indoor surface constituent member made of the material including the far-infrared emitting substance B. The indoor environment adjustment system according to any one of (1) to (10) above.
(12) In the above (1) to (11), the cooling source also serves as a heating source that uses the cooling surface as a heating surface by flowing a medium through a channel formed therein to heat the cooling surface. The indoor environment adjustment system according to any one of the above.

In order to show the cooling effect, the indoor environment adjustment system of the present invention exposes the cooling surface of the cooling source to the indoor space, and the cooling surface is made of a material containing the far-infrared emitting substance A, The exposed surface of the surface constituting member is made of a material containing a far infrared radiation substance B having a molecular species different from that of the far infrared radiation substance A, and the cooling source is configured to flow the medium through a flow path formed therein to cool the cooling member. An apparatus for cooling the surface, wherein the integrated emissivity of the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance A and the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance B in the wavelength range of 4.5 to 20 μm is 0.70 or more, In addition, the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance A and the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance B have 60% of black body radiation in the overlapping region on the spectral emission spectrum having a wavelength of 4.5 to 20 μm in the operating temperature range of the system. % Or more This is an indoor environment adjustment system.

The indoor environment adjustment system of the present invention can be realized as a heating effect instead of the cooling source. In this system, the heating surface of the heating source is exposed to the indoor space, the heating surface is made of a material containing the far-infrared emitting substance A, and the exposed surface of the indoor surface constituting member of the indoor space is the far-infrared ray. It is composed of a material containing a far-infrared emitting material B having a molecular species different from that of the emitting material A, and the material containing the far-infrared emitting material A and the material containing the far-infrared emitting material B within a wavelength range of 4.5 to 20 μm. Both the integral emissivity is 0.70 or more, and the material containing the far-infrared emitting material A and the material containing the far-infrared emitting material B are spectral radiation having a wavelength of 4.5 to 20 μm in the operating temperature range of the system. This is an indoor environment adjustment system in which the overlapping region on the spectrum is 60% or more of the black body radiation. The heating source can be a device that heats the heating surface by flowing a medium through a channel formed inside. In this case, the system that exhibits the cooling effect can also serve as the system that exhibits the heating effect. . The heating source may be a device that heats the heating surface by electricity, for example.

According to the present invention, it is possible to expand an indoor environment adjustment system that uses energy transfer by efficient radiation and absorption of far-infrared radiation between the same substances to one that uses energy transfer between different substances. it can. In the conventional technology that does not use energy transfer by radiation and absorption of far-infrared rays, convection of indoor air is indispensable. In addition to the thermal energy required to adjust the temperature and humidity of the entire air that constitutes the indoor environment, convection of air is also required. Compared to the fact that energy (mainly mechanical energy) is required to adjust the temperature, the system according to the present invention only requires the amount of heat energy required for adjustment to the indoor environment where people feel comfortable. As a result, it is possible to adjust the indoor environment, which is significantly more energy efficient than the prior art.
Furthermore, according to the system of the present invention, unlike the case of using an air conditioner, there is no convection due to hot air or cold air, so that it is possible to provide a suitable environment for indoor houseplants, making the houseplants alive The condition can be maintained for a long time. This is presumed to improve plant metabolism and provide a favorable environment.
In addition, according to the system of the present invention, the temperature difference in the vertical direction from the ceiling to the floor can be extremely small (for example, 2 ° C. or less for 3 m and can be reduced to a fraction of the usual), The effect of preventing diffusion of bacteria floating in the air is great.

The schematic diagram of the spectrum integral emissivity curve of the substance A and the substance B. FIG. The schematic diagram of the spectral radiance curve of the substance A, the substance B, and the substance C. FIG. The figure which shows the setting method of the fixed sample in the case of the measurement of a radiation characteristic. The figure which shows the setting method of the thin sample in the case of the measurement of radiation | emission characteristic. The figure which shows an example of a heat absorption apparatus. The figure which shows the water channel in a heat absorption apparatus. The figure which shows the spectral radiation spectrum of the material containing the substance A and the material containing the substance B which were used in Examples 1 and 6. The figure which shows the spectral radiation spectrum of the material containing the substance A and the material containing the substance B which were used in Example 2. FIG. The figure which shows the spectral radiation spectrum of the material containing the substance A and the material containing the substance B which were used in Example 3. FIG. The figure which shows the spectral emission spectrum of the material containing the substance A used in Example 4, and the material containing the substance B. FIG. The figure which shows the spectral emission spectrum of the material containing the substance A and the material containing the substance B which were used in Example 5. FIG. The figure which shows the spectral emission spectrum of the material containing the substance A and the material containing the substance B which were used in Example 7. FIG. The figure which shows the spectral radiation spectrum of the material containing the substance A used in the comparative example 1, and the material containing the substance B. The figure which shows the spectral radiation spectrum of the material containing the substance A used in the comparative example 2, and the material containing the substance B. The figure which shows the spectral radiation spectrum of the material containing the substance A and the material containing the substance B which were used in the comparative example 3.

The indoor environment adjustment system of the present invention uses energy transfer by transfer of far-infrared rays between different types of substances that exhibit the properties of radiating and absorbing far-infrared rays. In the previous application, it was disclosed that the indoor environment can be adjusted by transmission and reception (resonance) of far infrared rays between the same substances.

However, it becomes possible to use systems that use different materials for the transmission and reception of far-infrared light when applying the system to existing buildings (without modifying the walls and ceilings, far-infrared radiation contained in the walls and ceilings). (In the case where only a cooling source (or a heating source) is newly installed using a far-infrared emitting material different from the material), the system configuration is flexible. Therefore, as a result of repeated examinations for the purpose of a practical system using different substances for sending and receiving far infrared rays,
(A) A wavelength range of 4.5 to 20 μm of both materials on the cooling surface of the cooling source (or the heating surface of the heating source) and the surface of the indoor surface constituent member, each of which includes a material containing different kinds of far-infrared emitting materials. And (b) a cooling surface of the cooling source (or a heating surface of the heating source) and an indoor surface component made of a material containing different kinds of far-infrared emitting materials, respectively. The overlapping shared area on the spectral emission spectrum (wavelength 4.5 to 20 μm) in the operating temperature range of the system is 60% or more of the black body radiation.
It was found that such a system can be realized by satisfying the above requirement.

Before explaining the above requirements, first, the phenomenon of energy transfer by radiation and absorption between the same substances will be explained.
The members forming the indoor space (residential space) are composed of single or multiple substances (aggregates of atoms / molecules), and there are always unique atomic or molecular vibrations depending on the temperature in the substance. Yes. This vibration has an inherent vibration period depending on the bonding state between the same or different atoms, and quantum energy is always transferred between the atomic bonds having the same vibration period by a resonance phenomenon.

The inter-vibration vibration energy has a specific value (quantum energy) depending on the type of atoms bonded, and the vibration level has a multistage structure that is an integral multiple of the natural frequency. In this multistage vibration energy structure, when energy transitions from the upper stage to the lower stage of the level, light having a frequency (or wavelength) that is an integral multiple of the natural frequency corresponding to the number of drops is emitted. This light is absorbed by atomic bonds having the same natural frequency within the same material, or emitted outside the material and present in other members facing each other across a space. Is absorbed into the part. The energy of the atomic bond where absorption occurs jumps to an upper level that is an integral multiple of the natural frequency according to the absorption energy (excitation), which means that the temperature of the absorbed bond rises.

As described above, a part of the natural vibration energy (transition energy) of an atomic bond in a material can be instantaneously moved to vibration between atomic bonds existing near the surface of the material facing each other across a space. This is due to a resonance phenomenon between natural vibrations, and cannot occur between atomic bonds having different natural vibration values. This is the reason why energy transfer between the same opposing materials by radiation and absorption is performed with extremely high efficiency (100% under ideal conditions).

As described above, energy transfer by radiation and absorption of far-infrared radiation between the same substances is a physical phenomenon that is instantaneously performed by resonance of the natural vibration of the interatomic bonds constituting the emission side substance and the absorption side substance. This was also the reason why the present inventor previously thought that the environmental adjustment effect could not be obtained or was limited when the same substance was not used (in the case of a combination of different substances). In fact, some of the cooling sources (also known as heating sources) produced by the inventor in the development of the prior art indoor environment adjustment system do not include far-infrared emitting materials that are used as the cooling source (heating source). Even if installed in an existing room, the cooling effect (or heating effect) was small or limited.

However, even if different far-infrared emitting materials are used for the indoor surface component and the cooling source (or heating source), if the same material is used for both, the indoor environment adjustment effect of a certain level or more is not achieved. If it can be obtained, it is considered that the application of the principle of energy efficient indoor environment adjustment system disclosed by the present inventor can be expanded, and efficient energy transfer between different types of far-infrared emitting materials is possible. Repeated research.

In the case of energy transfer between different materials by radiation / absorption, the natural frequencies of interatomic bonds in both materials do not match or only partially match. In this case, as described above, the efficiency of energy transfer between different substances does not reach that between the same substances, and a cooling (or heating) effect as perceived in the original experiment of the present inventor cannot be obtained. As already mentioned. However, there is no doubt that a certain amount of energy is exchanged between different materials as long as both have the ability to emit and absorb far infrared rays.

When the energy level of the natural vibration based on the interatomic bonds of molecules existing in a substance transitions from upper to lower, electromagnetic waves (light) having a frequency corresponding to the transition energy are emitted. When this radiation occurs on the surface of the material, the frequency or wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is equal to the transition energy, but when the radiation occurs inside the material, all of the same interatomic bonds in the vicinity of the atomic bond are present. It travels through the material while being absorbed or changed in direction by other atoms or atomic bonds with different frequencies, and eventually reaches the surface of the material. A part of the electromagnetic wave reaching the surface is radiated to the outside of the substance, and the rest is reflected at the boundary surface between the substance and the outside air (air) and travels again into the substance. At this time, the energy of the electromagnetic wave radiated to the outside, that is, the frequency or wavelength, is gradually decelerated and accelerated while proceeding in the substance, and as a result, is dispersed back and forth from the original natural vibration value. Therefore, the spectral emission spectrum of the light emitted to the outside of the substance is not a collection of monochromatic peaks that are natural vibration values, but generally has a leveled shape having a plurality of gentle peaks. In addition, regarding the frequency or wavelength of the electromagnetic wave incident on the substance, even if the electromagnetic wave has a different frequency before and after the natural vibration existing in the substance, the rest is the substance except for the total reflection on the surface of the substance. It is gradually decelerated and accelerated by the interaction with atoms and atomic bonds inside the substance, and a part of it is resonantly absorbed by coincidence with the natural vibrations in the substance. Electromagnetic waves radiated to each other even between different substances at the same temperature or between different substances with different molecular structures are absorbed by the other party to some extent because of this mechanism. Conceivable.

The amount of energy exchanged between materials by radiation and absorption of far-infrared radiation can be increased as the integrated emissivity (= absorption rate) of both materials increases, even in the case of exchange between different materials. Therefore, in the system of the present invention, the integral emissivity of the material including both far-infrared emitting materials on the cooling surface (heating surface) of the cooling source (or heating source) and the indoor surface constituent member needs to be 0.70 or more. There is. More preferably, the integrated emissivity of the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance A and the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance B is 0.80 or more, and more preferably 0.90 or more. This is the requirement (a) described above.

“Far infrared” generally means an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength of about 3 μm to 1000 μm in Japan. The emissivity of a substance is W ₀ which is the ideal far-infrared far-infrared radiation energy under the same conditions. When the far-infrared radiation energy of the substance is W, it is defined by W / W ₀ . The spectral emission spectrum of the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance A and the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance B used in the system of the present invention does not change so much in the temperature range of the indoor environment to which the system is applied. Therefore, in the present invention, when the term “integrated emissivity” is simply used, it is preferably in the range of 4.5 to 20 μm in the vicinity of the target value of the room temperature that is actually adjusted by the system of the present invention (the temperature at which the human body feels comfortable). The integrated emissivity measured in (1) can be adopted. The reason for setting the measurement wavelength range to 4.5 to 20 μm will be described later.

In addition, the integral emissivity within the wavelength range of 4.5 to 20 μm in the present invention can be obtained as follows.
Measurement of radiant energy of far infrared rays in a normal temperature range is generally performed by spectral emissivity measurement by FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) method. The sample to be measured is set in the sample chamber surrounded by the pseudo black body wall, and far infrared rays emitted from the sample are guided to the spectroscope through a minute hole and at the same time pulled out from a standard black body furnace maintained at almost the same temperature as the sample. It is guided to a detector together with the far infrared rays, and the energy intensity (luminance) for each predetermined frequency section or wavelength section is measured. The display of the radiant energy intensity (luminance) for each predetermined wavelength section simultaneously with the black body radiation over the predetermined wavelength section is referred to as a “spectral radiance curve”. In addition, the ratio of the radiance from the sample and the luminance from the black body (0 to 1.0) for each predetermined wavelength section, which is displayed over the entire wavelength section for each wavelength, is the “spectral emissivity curve” or “spectral radiation spectrum” "
Here, “spectral emissivity” is the ratio of the radiant energy intensity (brightness) to the sample material at a specific wavelength and the radiant energy intensity from a black body at the same temperature and the same wavelength (a theoretical calculation is possible). “Total emissivity” is the ratio of the total radiant energy from a sample material at a specific temperature to the total radiant energy from a black body at the same temperature (a theoretical calculation is possible). Further, the ratio of the radiant energy intensity (luminance) from the sample material in a specific temperature and a specific wavelength section to the energy intensity (luminance) of black body radiation in the same temperature and the same wavelength section is referred to as “integrated emissivity”.

Research began in the first half of the 1900s to clarify what wavelengths of electromagnetic waves (light) were emitted from various objects and at what intensity, and ultraviolet rays emitted from high-temperature objects initially. However, only the total energy such as visible light and infrared rays could be measured, but with the progress of the subsequent spectroscopic technology, the range of wavelengths and energy intensity that can be measured was gradually expanded. Can also be measured. However, since the electromagnetic wave incident on the spectroscope from the sample surface includes components reflected by the sample surface as well as the radiation from the sample itself, the sample temperature is the ambient temperature. It was difficult to discriminate radiation from the sample itself. In particular, it has been considered impossible to measure far-infrared radiation from an object in the vicinity of room temperature, but room temperature FT-IR spectroscopy has been given a special function by a group of researchers in Japan including the present inventors in the 1990s. An emissometer has been developed, and it has become possible to acquire a far-infrared spectral radiation spectrum emitted from a sample itself in a room temperature range of 30 to 50 ° C. This room temperature spectral emissometer has been rapidly spread since then, and several dozen units are currently in operation in Japan.

As the far-infrared emitting substances A and B, those satisfying the above requirements can be selected from inorganic materials such as minerals and ceramics and organic materials such as organic polymer materials. In general, metal materials have short interatomic bond distances inside the metal and a large natural frequency of interatomic bonds. Therefore, if elementary particles with large energy such as electrons or electromagnetic waves (light) do not come close to each other, the vibration level is between This transition does not occur, and far-infrared rays having a small frequency are reflected by the metal surface without being absorbed. Therefore, the metal material is not suitable for use as the far-infrared emitting materials A and B.

In the present invention, the far-infrared emitting material A contained on the surface of the indoor surface constituent member and the far-infrared emitting material B contained in the cooling surface of the cooling source (or the heating surface of the heating source) are composed of different molecular species. Yes. Here, “different molecular species” means that the far-infrared emitting material A and the far-infrared emitting material B are different at the molecular level. The “molecule” here means a group of atoms bonded by chemical bonds (atomic bonds). Therefore, the term “molecule” as used herein includes, for example, a mineral crystal constituting a natural stone material. The same mineral with similar elements substituted or dissolved is considered to be a substance of the same molecular species.

Further, as the far-infrared radiation materials A and B, a plurality of materials may be used as well as a single material (for example, mineral, ceramics, etc.). For example, as the far-infrared emitting material A, a mixture of different minerals A1 and A2 may be used. Similarly, as the far-infrared emitting material B, a mixture of different ceramics B1 and B2 may be used.

The present inventors have used the above-mentioned room temperature type FT-IR spectral emissometer (broadband MCT detector) for various objects such as metals, inorganic materials (ceramics), organic polymer materials, paints, natural products, etc. Far-infrared characteristics have been evaluated by acquiring spectral radiance curves and spectral radiance spectra in the region. When the practical measurement wavelength range is 4.5 to 20 μm, the spectral radiance curve of blackbody radiation at 300 ° K (Kelvin), that is, 27 ° C., becomes the curve C in FIG. 2 by the MaxPlank radiation equation. . The radiation wavelength from a black body at 27 ° C is distributed in the range of 3 to 70 µm, and the wavelength (peak wavelength) at which the maximum radiance is obtained is 9.7 µm from Wien's law (λmax = 2897 / T). Also, if the reliable and measurable wavelength range of an actual object sample is 4.5 to 20 μm, the total energy of 27 ° C black body radiation measured in this wavelength range is 70% of the total radiation. The remaining 2% is below 4.5 μm and 28% is above 20 μm. Real objects have a spectral emissivity of 0 to 1.0 in black body ratio for each wavelength, and the peak wavelength may be in a different wavelength range if the spectral emissivity at 9.7 μm, which is the peak wavelength of the black body, is low. Not a few. Although it may be measured in the wavelength range of 4 to 25 μm, the radiance in the room temperature range of about 30 to 50 ° C. is very low in the wavelength range of less than 4.5 μm and more than 20 μm even if it is a black body. Since the sensitivity of the vessel also decreases, it becomes difficult to discriminate from noise (background), and reliable data cannot be obtained.

Examples of far-infrared emitting materials that satisfy the above requirement (a) of the present invention in a room temperature range of 30 to 50 ° C. include the following.
<Material name><Integratedemissivity>
α-alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ) powder: 0.89
Porous alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ) powder: 0.91
Silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ) powder: 0.88
Silica (SiO ₂ ) powder: 0.88
Far-infrared radiation ceramics (Al ₂ O ₃ —SiO ₂ system) powder: 0.94
Ceramic (Al ₂ O ₃ -SiO ₂ ) powder-added synthetic woven fabric: 0.88
Ceramic (Al ₂ O ₃ -SiO ₂ ) powder-added acrylic board (thickness 3 mm): 0.82
Ceramic (Al ₂ O ₃ —SiO ₂ ) powder-added polypropylene (PP) sheet (thickness 2 mm): 0.91
Ceramic (Al ₂ O ₃ —SiO ₂ ) powder-added polyethylene (PE) sheet (thickness 1 mm): 0.83
Anodized aluminum alloy plate (Al-Si-Fe) (thickness 2mm): 0.85

In the case of energy transfer between different materials by radiation / absorption, the natural frequencies of both materials do not match or only partially match. When the natural frequencies of the two far-infrared emitting materials A and B do not match, their integral emissivity curves shown with respect to the wavelength are the same except for the intersection of the curves as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. do not do. In the region where they do not coincide, the far infrared ray emitted from one far infrared emitting substance A is only partially absorbed by the other far infrared emitting substance B (integrated emissivity of one substance> integration of the other substance). (In the case of emissivity) or only part of the amount that the other substance can absorb (if the integrated emissivity of one substance <the integrated emissivity of the other substance). From this, and from the experience of the present inventors, it is possible to construct a practical indoor radiant cooling system because there is a lot of waste of energy in the radiation and absorption between different kinds of substances with such restrictions. I could n’t think of it. That is, even if the integrated emissivities of both far-infrared emissive materials are high, their integrated emissivity curves do not agree, so it is considered that energy transfer between them does not reach that between the same materials. It was.

Nevertheless, without giving up the technology that enables efficient transfer of far-infrared energy between different types of materials, and in pursuit of it, the present inventor In addition to the requirement (a) that the integrated emissivity of both materials on the surface (cooling surface or heating surface) of the cooling source (or heating source) containing the far-infrared emitting substance A is 0.70 or more, far infrared rays Wavelength 4.5 to 20 μm in the operating temperature range of the system for both the material on the indoor surface component containing the radiation material B and the surface cooling surface or heating surface of the cooling source (or heating source) containing the far-infrared radiation material A It has been found that practical adjustment of the indoor environment can be realized if the requirement (b) is satisfied that the overlapping region on the spectral spectrum is 60% or more of the black body radiation. That is, the inventor of the system of both materials on the surface (cooling surface or heating surface) of the indoor surface constituent member containing the far-infrared emitting material B and the cooling source (or heating source) containing the far-infrared emitting material A It was found that the emissivity of the overlapping region on the spectral emission spectrum with a wavelength of 4.5 to 20 μm in the operating temperature range is also important.

Next, this will be described with reference to the schematic diagram of FIG. FIG. 2 shows spectral emission spectra (spectral radiant energy luminance) of the three substances A, B, and C at 27 ° C. Material C is a black body of an ideal material having the maximum spectral radiant energy luminance. Substances A and B are dissimilar substances and have different spectral radiant energy luminance curves reflecting the fact that their natural frequencies are different. When far-infrared rays are exchanged between the substances A and B, the energy transferred from one substance to the other is the “effective radiation absorption area between AB” in which the spectral radiant energy intensity curves overlap (see FIG. 2). In the present invention, a region corresponding to the “AB effective radiation absorption region” is defined as “an overlapping region on a spectral radiation spectrum having a wavelength of 4.5 to 20 μm”. In the present invention, “the overlapping region on the spectral radiation spectrum having a wavelength of 4.5 to 20 μm is 60% or more of the blackbody radiation” means “wavelength 4 corresponding to the“ effective radiation absorption region between AB ”in FIG. This means that the area of the “overlapping region on the spectral emission spectrum of 5 to 20 μm” is 60% or more of the area inside the spectral radiant energy luminance curve of the black body (substance C) in FIG.

For example, as shown in the examples described later, the overlapping region of the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance A and the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance B of the present invention on the spectral emission spectrum with a wavelength of 4.5 to 20 μm is 60%. If this is the case, 10 minutes after the start of the experiment, the sensible temperature decreases (or increases) by 5 to 10 ° C., and a sufficient cooling (or heating) effect is obtained.
In particular, in the system of the present invention, the wavelength at which the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance A and the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance B has the maximum radiant energy (spectral radiant energy intensity) value from a black body at 27 ° C. It is preferable that the overlapping region on the spectral emission spectrum of 7 to 12 μm, which is the region sandwiching the region, is 60% or more.
For the purposes of the present invention, the larger the overlapping area, the better. That is, the energy efficiency of the system of the present invention improves as the overlap region becomes larger, eg, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90% of blackbody radiation.

The spectral emission spectrum (spectral radiant energy intensity) of a material including two different substances (substances A and B) used in the system of the present invention as shown in FIG. 2 is obtained by using, for example, FT-IR spectroscopy. Can be sought. According to the FT-IR spectroscopy, it is possible to easily obtain the spectral emission spectrum of the far-infrared emitting material at the temperature (operation temperature range) at which the system of the present invention operates.

In the present invention, the far-infrared radiation spectrum was measured by the following method. In measurement, the shape and form of the sample are important, and it is desirable to make the physical conditions of the sample as similar as those actually used in the system of the present invention. In this measurement method, when a method of fixing the sample in the vertical direction is used, it is difficult to measure the powder sample as it is. Therefore, when the substance A or B is a powder and its own radiation characteristics are measured, the powder is directly press-molded (pressure 100 kg / cm ² or more), or when it is difficult to mold by itself. Uses KBr (manufactured by Merck, for infrared analysis) having a large transmittance in the infrared region as a dilution medium (concentration of 1 wt% in the medium), mixing, press molding (pressure 100 kg / cm ² or more) Thus, a solid sample can be obtained.
(1) Evaluation of radiation characteristics Apparatus: FT-IR JIR-3505 / IR radiation unit IR-IRR200 manufactured by JEOL Ltd.
Resolution: 16cm ^-1
Integration count: 200 times Measurement wave number range: 2200-500cm ^-1 (4.5-20μm)
Measurement temperature: approx. 30-50 ° C (standard 40 ° C) at the sample surface temperature
(2) Sample setting method i Solid sample An aluminum mirror surface is placed on the sample stage, and a solid sample such as a sheet or plate is placed thereon and fixed with a jig (FIG. 3).
ii Thin samples such as cloth, fabric, etc. An aluminum plate is placed on the sample stage, and an aluminum mirror surface is fixed at the center. Place a stretchable thin sample (usually 10 μm to 3 mm) on top of it and pull the sample on the mirror surface with a uniform temperature distribution while holding both sides with an aluminum plate and aluminum spacers (30 mmφ, 50 mmφ) It fixes from the top using a donut shape (FIG. 4).
(3) Temperature measurement method of measurement sample Thermocouple: T thermocouple (0.05 mmφ) manufactured by Ishikawa Sangyo Co., Ltd.
Recorder: Yamatake Honeywell Digital Process Reporter DPR330
In the temperature measurement, the thermocouple is fixed to the surface of the sample and the aluminum plate under the sample using Ag paste, and the thermocouple bias is set at the measurement temperature.
(4) Correction of environmental radiation (background radiation) The reflectivity of the aluminum mirror surface is 98%, and the radiance of the mirror surface itself (2% of the black body luminance of the measured temperature is calculated) is subtracted from the radiance of the aluminum mirror surface. Corrections are made using ambient radiation as environmental radiation.

Further, the area of the “overlapping region on the spectral radiant energy (luminance) curve with a wavelength of 4.5 to 20 μm” corresponding to the “effective radiation absorption region between BCs” in FIG. 1 can be obtained as follows. . Spectral radiant energy (luminance) curves of substance A and substance B are written on the same screen, and points where the two intersect in the measured wavelength range are P1, P2, P3,... Pn, and wavelength λ1 corresponding to each point. , Λ2, λ3,... Λn. After integrating spectral radiant energy (luminance) for the lower line of two adjacent wavelength sections, all sections are added together. By calculating the ratio between the total value and the integrated value of the radiant energy (luminance) of the black body in the same temperature and the same section, the integral emissivity for the overlapping portion of the spectral radiance of the substance A and the substance B can be obtained.

In the present invention, the “operating temperature range” of the system is defined as a temperature range observed in the system when the system is actually used. In the system of the present invention in which the indoor environment is adjusted by transmission / reception of far infrared rays, transmission / reception of far infrared rays is performed between indoor surface constituent members such as walls and ceilings and a cooling source or a heating source. More specifically, in the case of environmental adjustment by cooling action, far-infrared radiation emitted from the material B on the indoor surface component side is absorbed by the material A on the cooling source side, and vibration energy of interatomic bonds inside the emitted material The temperature of the substance B on the radiation side is lowered by the transition of the level to the lower level (radiation cooling). In the case of environmental adjustment by heating action, far-infrared rays radiated from the material A on the heating source side are absorbed by the material B on the indoor surface constituent member side, and the vibration energy level of the interatomic bond inside the absorbed material moves up. This raises the temperature of the substance B to be absorbed (radiant heating). As is apparent from the above, in the system of the present invention, the lowest temperature (heating) or the highest temperature (cooling) in the room during its actual use is generally that It can be regarded as the temperature (particularly the temperature of the wall surface that is most susceptible to the outside air temperature). The system of the present invention is used under various climatic conditions, for example, from an extremely cold temperature of about −50 ° C. to an extremely hot temperature of about + 50 ° C., and the temperature of the indoor surface components according to the climatic conditions. In consideration of the possibility that the temperature is close to the outside air temperature, the operating temperature range of the system of the present invention can be set to about −50 to + 50 ° C. For practical heat absorbing / dissipating surfaces, the operating temperature range may be about 5 to 20 ° C during cooling and 30 to 60 ° C during heating. In the operating temperature range, the spectral emission spectrum of the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance A and the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance B at a wavelength of 4.5 to 20 μm does not change so much in this temperature range. Practically, the spectral radiation of far-infrared radiation at any temperature within the operating temperature range (−50 to + 50 ° C.) for materials containing far-infrared radiation A and materials containing far-infrared radiation B The spectrum may be measured and compared. Strictly speaking, the spectral radiation spectrum of far-infrared radiation at any temperature within the operating temperature range of the material containing far-infrared radiation A and the far-infrared radiation If the overlapping region with the spectral emission spectrum of far-infrared radiation at any temperature within the operating temperature range of the material containing B is 60% or more, the requirement of the present invention b) meet.

As described above, “far infrared” generally refers to electromagnetic waves having a wavelength of about 3 μm to 1000 μm. In the present invention, the far infrared rays in the operating temperature range have a wavelength of 4.5 to 20 μm (preferably, 7 to 12 μm). This is because the wavelength at which far-infrared radiation characteristics of substances in the normal temperature range can be measured stably is limited to this range in the current technology, and the radiant energy from a black body at normal temperature (around 27 ° C) ( The wavelength region where the spectral radiant energy density (maximum) value is the maximum is in this region with a wavelength of about 10 μm, that is, the wavelength region of 4.5 to 20 μm (especially 7 to 12 μm) is far infrared radiation other than black body This is because it can be considered to correspond to a region where the radiant energy of the substance is large. Therefore, in the present invention, the wavelength range in which the overlapping shared region between the far-infrared radiation side and the absorption side is 60% or more of the black body radiation is defined as 4.5 to 20 μm.

In the present invention, as an example of a combination of substances A and B contained in a material that simultaneously satisfies the above requirements (a) and (b), for example, A (or B): porous alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ) powder integration Emissivity 0.91
B (or A): Silica (SiO ₂ ) powder Integrated emissivity 0.93
Integral emissivity of overlapping part of both spectral emission spectra 0.89
(In other words, the overlapping shared area is 89% of black body radiation)
A (or B): Far-infrared radiation ceramics (Al ₂ O ₃ —SiO ₂ system) powder Integrated emissivity 0.94
B (or A): silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ) powder integrated emissivity 0.88
Integral emissivity of overlapping part of both spectral emission spectra 0.85
(In other words, the overlapping shared area is 85% of black body radiation)
, Etc.

On the other hand, even if the combination of materials satisfies the requirement (a), the combination not satisfying the requirement (b) is, for example, A (or B): Alumina sintered substrate (thickness 0.6 mm). 72
B (or A): Polyester-based synthetic fiber woven fabric Integrated emissivity 0.71
Integral emissivity of overlapping part of both spectral emission spectra 0.58
(In other words, the overlapping shared area is 58% of black body radiation)
Can be mentioned.

In the present invention, the “interior surface constituent member” refers to a member that constitutes a surface exposed to a sealed space that is subject to environmental adjustment. The sealed space can be provided with opening / closing means such as a door or a window that enables communication between the inside and the outside. Typical examples of sealed spaces are rooms and corridors in buildings where people live and act, and in addition, spaces for storing or displaying items (such as rooms in warehouses, product showcases, or artwork) Display cases), indoors for raising animals including livestock, and internal spaces provided for mobiles (cars, railway cars, ships, aircrafts, etc.) for transporting humans and cargo. Taking a house in which humans live as an example, typical examples of the indoor surface constituent members are members (building materials) constituting a wall surface, a ceiling surface, and a floor surface. Openable and closable fittings (doors, shoji screens, fences, windows, etc.) that are attached to a part of the wall to partition the interior and exterior of the room, and interior partitions are also included in the interior surface components. Included. Doors and bags for storage that are attached to the room are also included in the indoor surface components. When the storage compartment attached to the room subject to environmental adjustment is not completely separated from the room by doors or fences, the members constituting the exposed surface of the storage compartment are also It is included in the surface component.

“Cooling source” is a device that cools a cooling surface exposed to a sealed space (indoor space), which is subject to environmental adjustment, by flowing a medium through a channel formed inside. For example, it extends in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. 5 (b) which is a top view of FIG. 5 (a) and a front view of FIG. 5 (a) viewed from the direction of the arrow 112. The (radiant) heat absorption device 110 may include two groups of

fins

115 and 116. This device 110 is fixed to a floor surface 113 and a wall surface 114 of a room whose environment is adjusted by the system of the present invention. The heat absorption device 110 including the

fins

115 and 116 can be made of a metal or alloy material having good heat conduction, such as aluminum, iron, copper, or an alloy thereof, and a water channel 115c ( And a plate-like portion 115a surrounding the water channel 115c. On the surfaces of the

fins

115 and 116, a coating layer 115b formed of a paint containing the far-infrared emitting material B is provided. A plurality of

fins

115 and 116 are arranged, respectively, and have an angle (45 ° in this example) with respect to the wall surface 114. This angle can be selected from a range of about 15 ° to 75 °. In this example, the surfaces of the

fins

115 and 116 form a cooling surface. As shown in FIG. 5B, cold water is supplied through a water supply pipe 117 that penetrates the upper portions of the

fins

115 and 116. The cooling surface is cooled while flowing through the water passages 115c (FIG. 6) inside the

fins

115 and 116, and the water that has been heated by itself passes through the drain pipe 118 that penetrates the lower portions of the

fins

115 and 116. (Not shown). Both sides of the water supply pipe 117 and the drain pipe 118 are supported by

columns

119 and 120. Water droplets generated on the cooling surface due to condensation when the temperature of the cooling surface becomes lower than the dew point of the indoor air can be dropped and collected on the basket 121 and discharged to the outside from the drain pipe 122.

It is also possible to supply hot water instead of cold water to the heat absorption device 110 to make it a heat radiating device and use it as a heating source. The surfaces of the

fins

115 and 116 exposed to the sealed space (indoor space) that is symmetric with respect to environmental adjustment serve as heating surfaces. As the heating source, for example, a heat medium such as oil or ethylene glycol may be used instead of hot water, or a device for heating the heating surface with electricity or hot air (combustion heat) may be used.

The cooling surface of the cooling source (or the heating surface of the heating source) and the surface (exposed surface) of the indoor surface constituent member are made of materials containing far-infrared emitting material A and far-infrared emitting material B, respectively.

In order to configure the surface (exposed surface) of the indoor surface constituent member with a material containing the far infrared radiation material B, the indoor surface structural member is manufactured with the far infrared radiation material B or the far infrared radiation material B is mixed therein. It can be manufactured with a material, or can be manufactured with the material which formed the film | membrane which consists of a far-infrared radiation substance B on the surface.

On the other hand, in order to configure the cooling surface of the cooling source with a material containing the far-infrared emitting substance A, a film made of the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance A is formed on the surface of the cooling source involved in the emission and absorption of the far-infrared radiation. Is preferred. This film can be formed, for example, by applying a paint containing the far-infrared emitting substance A to the substrate of the surface (application of a solvent-type paint or application of a powder paint without using a solvent). When the substrate is a metal, a metal oxide film can be formed by anodizing treatment or the like. Alternatively, the film can be formed by other suitable film forming techniques, for example, PVD techniques such as spraying and vapor deposition, or CVD techniques. A similar technique can be used to configure the heating surface of the heating source when the heating source is provided separately from the cooling source with a material containing the far-infrared emitting material A.

Far-infrared radiation / absorption is most efficient when two materials that transmit and receive far-infrared are directly facing each other. Therefore, in the system of the present invention, the far-infrared emitting material A on the cooling surface of the cooling source (or the heating surface of the heating source) and the far-infrared emitting material B of the indoor surface component are exposed to the indoor space. It is preferable. Nonetheless, the far-infrared emitting materials A and B are formed with a thickness that does not significantly interfere with the emission and absorption of far-infrared, for example, to prevent their detachment, and are highly permeable to far-infrared rays. It may be covered with a film (protective layer) made of a material. For this purpose, for example, a cooling surface (or heating surface) containing the far-infrared emitting material A of the cooling source (or heating source) or a surface containing the far-infrared emitting material B of the indoor surface constituent member is coated with an appropriate thickness. It can be covered with a film, a varnish layer, wallpaper or the like. Although the thickness varies depending on the coating method, it is usually 500 μm or less, and in the case of the spray method, it is usually about 10 to 100 μm, preferably 15 to 50 μm. When forming a sheet or plate containing the far-infrared emitting substance A or B without application, it is usually selected from about 0.5 to 5 mm.

In the system of the present invention, far-infrared rays are exchanged between facing materials. Rapid (almost light speed) heat transfer occurs by far-infrared radiation and absorption based on transitions of interatomic bond (molecular) vibrations in materials facing each other across space. The amount of heat transfer increases as the temperature difference between both materials increases, and increases as the amount of both materials facing (exposed) increases. The exposed surface of the indoor surface constituent member of the system of the present invention can be configured to include 100% of the far-infrared radiation material B by, for example, being composed of a stone material made of the far-infrared radiation material B. Further, the cooling surface of the cooling source (or the heating surface of the heating source) of the system of the present invention is also a far-infrared emitting material on the surfaces of the

fins

115 and 116 of the heat absorption device 110 of FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), for example. By spraying and forming a stone powder made of A, it can be configured to include 100% of far-infrared emitting material A.

Surprisingly, whether or not the indoor environment adjustment system of the present invention can be put into practical use is not limited to the amount (total amount) of the far-infrared emitting materials A and B, but the surface of the indoor surface constituent member containing the far-infrared emitting material B It has also been found that it also depends greatly on the area of the surface and the area of the cooling surface of the cooling source (or the heating surface of the heating source). Even if the concentration of the far-infrared emitting material B contained on the surface of the indoor surface constituent member is low, if the area of the surface of the indoor surface constituent member containing the far-infrared emitting material B is set to a certain level or more, a practical indoor environment adjustment system Has been found to be realized. On the contrary, even if the concentration of the far-infrared emitting material B contained in the surface of the indoor surface constituent member is high, if the area of the surface of the indoor surface constituent member containing the far-infrared emitting material B is not more than a certain level, a practical room It was found that an environmental adjustment system could not be realized. The area of the indoor surface constituent member surface including the far-infrared emitting material necessary for realizing this practical indoor environment adjustment system mainly depends on the floor area. That is, for example, in the case of a room with a ceiling height of 2.5 to 3 m, the area of the surface of the indoor surface constituent member including the far-infrared emitting material B is preferably 0.05 times or more the floor area constituting the indoor space. is there. A more preferable area is 0.3 times or more, more preferably 0.8 times or more the floor area constituting the indoor space. Depending on the indoor / outdoor environment (extremely hot areas, ordinary houses, offices, shops, beauty salons, etc.) and the ceiling height, 1.5 times or more, and further 2.0 times or more may be preferable. In practical use, this system can be applied even in indoor spaces with high ceilings and very large space, such as factory buildings, sports facilities, theater halls, etc. Since the increase rate of the area of the indoor surface becomes small, the advantage of the present invention that is an object of energy transfer increases. The indoor surface constituent members (typically walls and ceilings) may contain the far-infrared emitting material B on all surfaces or may be contained only in part. For example, the far-infrared emitting material B may be included in all or part of the ceiling surface, or all or part of the wall surface, or a combination thereof.

Note that the floor area of the indoor space is simple, but if there is an opening in a part of the room, the small opening that can be ignored from the viewpoint of cooling is ignored and the indoor space is You can think and calculate.

On the other hand, the area of the cooling surface (or the heating surface of the heating source) containing the far-infrared emitting material A of the cooling source is not as important as the area of the indoor surface constituent member surface containing the far-infrared emitting material B. It is efficient and desirable that the area is smaller than the area of the surface of the indoor structural member including the far-infrared emitting material B. If it is a general room, 0.5 times or less, and even 0.4 times or less of the surface area of the indoor surface component member containing the far-infrared emitting material B is sufficient, but in a room with many heat sources, etc. 0.5 times or more, for example, 0.8 times or less may be preferable. The lower limit depends on the type and concentration of the far-infrared emitting material A, but is generally at least 0.15 times the area of the surface of the indoor structural member containing the far-infrared emitting material B, and 0.2 times The above is preferable, and 0.3 times or more is more preferable. The area of the cooling surface (or the heating surface of the heating source) containing the far-infrared emitting material A of the cooling source can be made smaller than the area of the surface of the indoor surface constituent member containing the far-infrared emitting material B. The area of the surface of the indoor surface constituent member including can be made larger than the area of the cooling surface (or the heating surface of the heating source) including the far-infrared emitting material A of the cooling source, which makes an important contribution to the realization of the effects of the present invention. To do. Not only the far-infrared emitting material A on the cooling surface of the cooling source (or the heating surface of the heating source), but also the far-infrared emitting material B on the surface of the interior member that resonates with it is indirectly cooled in adjusting the indoor environment. Acting as a source (heating source) is the reason why the indoor environment adjustment system of the present invention achieves remarkable indoor environment adjustment performance and efficiency as compared with the conventional cooling source (heating source) alone. it is conceivable that. In addition, the far-infrared emitting material A on the cooling surface of the cooling source (or the heating surface of the heating source) and the far-infrared emitting material B on the surface of the indoor surface constituent member resonate in this manner, thereby adjusting the indoor space. By significantly improving performance and efficiency, even if the far-infrared emitting material A on the cooling surface of the cooling source (or the heating surface of the heating source) and the far-infrared emitting material B on the surface of the indoor member are not the same. However, if the requirement (b) is satisfied, it is considered that this is the reason why the same effect as that of the same far-infrared emitting material can be obtained.

The concentration of the far-infrared emitting materials A and B is important because it defines the amount of energy that can be transmitted and received between the facing materials A and B that is effective for the system. Although it depends on the types of far-infrared emitting materials A and B, for example, when the far-infrared emitting material B is mixed into the exposed surface of the indoor structural member, the far-infrared emitting material B is, for example, 0.5 wt% of the solid content of the paint. Even if it contains only%, sufficient effect can be acquired. The amount of the far-infrared emitting substance B contained in the exposed surface of the indoor surface constituting member is usually 0.1 to 100 wt%, preferably 0.5 to 20 wt% of the exposed surface base material solids. If the concentration of the far-infrared emitting material B is too low, the amount of heat transfer with the cooling surface (or heating surface) may be reduced, and cooling (or heating) efficiency may be reduced. Although it is possible to improve it, it will gradually become less economical. Further, when the far-infrared emitting material A is included in the cooling surface of the cooling source (or the heating surface of the heating source), a sufficient effect can be obtained even if the far-infrared emitting material A is mixed, for example, 1 wt% of the solid content of the paint. Can do. The amount of the far-infrared emitting material A that forms the cooling surface of the cooling source (or the heating surface of the heating source) is usually 0.1 to 100 wt%, preferably 0.5 to 20 wt% of the exposed surface substrate solids. is there. If the concentration of the far-infrared emitting substance A is too low, the amount of heat transfer with the indoor surface constituent member may be reduced, and cooling (or heating) efficiency may be lowered. Although it is possible to excel, it may be difficult to manufacture the cooling surface or may be less economical. However, the preferred concentration of the far-infrared emitting materials A and B depends on factors such as the type and form of the far-infrared emitting materials A and B, the type of base material, the way in which the far-infrared emitting materials A and B are mixed, and the thickness. Since it depends, it is not limited to said range. In addition, the concentration of the far-infrared radiation substance can be regarded as 100% in the anodized film, the sprayed film, and the like formed on the surface of the metal material as the base material.
The rate of addition of far-infrared emitting material A to the cooling surface (or heating surface), that is, the heat absorption surface (or heat radiation surface) or the total mass (strictly the number of molecules) on the surface is the most important factor in theory. . This is because the total amount of radiant energy from the indoor surface that can be absorbed by the surface is a) the total area of the cooling surface (or heating surface), and b) the effective emissivity between the surface and the indoor surface (the overlap of spectral radiation curves) This is because it is defined by the black body ratio of the part) and c) the surface temperature difference between the two. The total mass of the far-infrared emitting material B arranged on the surface of the indoor surface constituent member is larger than that of the far-infrared emitting material A usually arranged on the cooling surface (or heating surface). When the abundance ratio is very large (for example, 10 times or more), the addition rate of the far-infrared emitting material B arranged on the indoor surface constituting member is made smaller than that of the far-infrared emitting material A, or the indoor surface constituting member The ratio of the indoor surface constituent member in which the far-infrared radiation material B is arranged with respect to the entire area can be reduced. Thus, it is preferable that the addition ratio of the infrared radiation substances A and B disposed on the surfaces of the cooling surface (or heating surface) and the indoor surface constituent member is A> B.

In the system of the present invention, a cooling source (or heating source) containing the far-infrared emitting material A on the cooling surface (or heating surface) and an indoor surface component containing the far-infrared emitting material B on the exposed surface are present in the same room. It is preferable to do this. This is because the system according to the present invention uses transmission / reception by far-infrared radiation / absorption between the facing cooling surface (or heating surface) and the indoor surface components, and they are in the same room. This is because the greatest effect can be obtained. However, as described in

Patent Documents

1 and 2, even in a room different from the room where the cooling source (or heating source) is installed, the room containing the far-infrared emitting material B in the other room If far-infrared rays can be transmitted and received between the exposed surface of the surface component and the cooling surface of the cooling source (or the heating surface of the heating source) (for example, cooling with a wall containing the far-infrared emitting material B in another room) When the far-infrared rays are directly exchanged with the cooling surface of the source (or the heating surface of the heating source), the wall containing the far-infrared emitting material B in another room and the cooling source (or the heating source) Even if the far infrared rays cannot be exchanged directly between them, the far infrared radiation B contained in the wall surface of the part that can be seen from both sides will cause the far infrared rays to be indirectly exchanged between the two) The environmental adjustment effect of the system of the present invention extends to such another room. As described above, the indoor surface constituent member including the far-infrared emitting material B on the exposed surface is present in all the rooms to be adjusted.
The surface of indoor surface components that do not face the cooling surface (or heating surface) is also entrusted to the transfer of thermal energy by radiation and absorption of far infrared rays, and as a result, the temperature difference between the two at the initial stage is reduced by the following physical It is thought to be due to the optical mechanism.
1) When there is a temperature difference between the cooling surface (or heating surface) and the surface of the indoor structural component that directly faces, the temperature difference ΔT, the effective integral emissivity of both, the surface area of both, the surface of both Depending on the amount of the far-infrared emitting materials A and B present in the vicinity, the thermal energy shifts, the temperature on the high temperature side (radiation side) decreases, and the temperature on the low temperature side (absorption side) increases. [Primary absorption / radiation]
2) On the cooling surface (or heating surface) side, heat transfer occurs quickly due to the cold (or warm) heat medium flowing inside and returns to the original set temperature, so the temperature difference from the surface of the indoor surface components Is maintained.
3) If there is a temperature difference between the interior components due to primary absorption / radiation, energy transfer occurs immediately due to radiation and absorption of far infrared rays, and the temperature difference is cancelled. [Secondary absorption / radiation]
4) The [secondary absorption / radiation] in 3) also occurs between the cooling surface (or heating surface) and the surface of the indoor surface component that is not directly facing, and as a result, the cooling surface (or heating surface) in the same room. ) Also rises or falls on the surface temperature of the indoor structural member that is not directly facing.
5) As a result of the [secondary absorption / radiation] phenomenon, the surface temperatures of the indoor structural members in the same room become the same, and the indoor comfort is realized by quickly reaching a preset temperature. The transfer speed of thermal energy in the phenomena of [primary absorption / radiation] and [secondary absorption / radiation] is almost equal to the speed of light, and is an instantaneous phenomenon even in multiple stages. However, in actuality, it takes about 10 minutes for the surface temperature of the indoor surface components to change by about 10 ° C., and the time required for the temperature difference with the cooling surface (or heating surface) to decrease is as follows: Far-infrared absorption and emission performance of far-infrared emitting materials A and B arranged on both surfaces, heat insulation performance of the base material of indoor surface components, density and thickness of surface layer containing far-infrared emitting material B To do.
6) The surface temperature of the interior components separated by a shield that transmits far-infrared rays to some extent (for example, shoji screens, fences, partitions, curtains, glass doors, etc.) is also delayed to some extent due to the amount of transmission, temperature difference In the end, almost the same state is reached.
7) Far-infrared radiation material B and cooling surface (or heating surface) placed on the surface of the interior surface component of a separate room partitioned by a shield that does not transmit far-infrared rays (for example, doors, sliding doors, metal partitions, etc.) However, far-infrared thermal energy is not directly exchanged with the far-infrared emitting substance A placed on the surface of (1), but once these shields are opened, primary or secondary absorption / radiation By the mechanism, heat energy is exchanged instantly, and the temperature difference between both surfaces is canceled. [Tertiary absorption / radiation] The time required to reduce the temperature difference between the surfaces of the indoor surface components is the far-infrared absorption / radiation performance and thickness of the surfaces of the indoor surface components, and the heat of the base material and surface material. It depends on the characteristics and heat input / output from the outdoor environment of the separate room.
8) Heat in the far-infrared ray directly between the surface of the inner surface constituent member and the cooling surface (or heating surface) in the room in which the cooling surface (or heating surface) is arranged and in a separate room partitioned by a wall Energy is not exchanged, but paper, wood, synthetic resin, organic building materials, glass, etc., are materials that increase or decrease the temperature by absorbing or radiating far-infrared rays. Energy transfer is performed. Therefore, although the time required for canceling the temperature difference differs depending on the absorption / radiation characteristics, density, thickness, etc., for these far infrared rays, it is not irrelevant to the mechanism or effect of the present invention.
As described above, in contrast to the conventional indoor environment control system that controls the air temperature and humidity in the indoor space, the present invention focuses on the transfer of thermal energy at the speed of light by absorption and emission of infrared rays between substances. By examining the radiation characteristics and abundance of the far-infrared radiation material placed on the cooling surface (or heating surface) installed in the room and the surface of the indoor surface components, it is necessary to study the effective area for transferring heat energy. In particular, it has led to the realization of an indoor environment control system that is more comfortable and extremely energy efficient than an air conditioning system that involves air convection.

The experimental conditions in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 below were as follows.
A urethane foam heat insulating plate (with inner side aluminum foil attached) with a thickness of 30 mm is applied to five surfaces excluding the floor surface of a room with a width of 2.5 m, a depth of 1.5 m, and a height of 2.2 m. As an example, 5 to 10 specimens 1 (1 m × 1 m) made of a material containing the far-infrared emitting substance B were set. On the other hand, on the floor surface, a specimen 2 made of a material containing far-infrared emitting substance A on the surface was set on a heat dissipation heat sink (heating / cooling plate) having a radiation or absorption surface 2 m ² . After the surface temperature of the specimen 2 including the far-infrared emitting material A on the heat dissipation / heat absorber has reached a predetermined temperature, the heat insulating shielding material that has previously blocked the radiant energy transfer between the specimen 1 and the specimen 2 (Aluminum-deposited foamed polyethylene sheet) was removed, and then the surface temperature, room air temperature, room temperature, and experimenter's body temperature changes of the specimen 1 and the specimen 2 placed in each part of the room were measured. The measuring method of each part temperature is as follows.
1) Surface temperature: The tip of a K thermocouple having a wire diameter of 0.3 mm was attached to the surface of the specimen using an aluminum adhesive tape (10 mm × 10 mm × 0.1 mm).
2) Indoor air temperature: The tip of a K thermocouple with a wire diameter of 0.3 mm is sandwiched between two sheets of insulating adhesive tape (4 mm × 8 mm × 0.1 mm), and further aluminum adhesive tape (10 mm × 10 mm × 0) .1 mm) What was sandwiched between two sheets was set at a predetermined position in the indoor space by a support.
3) Indoor sensory temperature: The tip of a K thermocouple with a wire diameter of 0.3 mm is sandwiched between two sheets of insulating black body adhesive tape (10 mm x 10 mm x 0.1 mm). Set in place.
4) Body sensation: “Comfort” felt by the experimenter or experiment witness in the room is A (comfortable), B (slightly comfortable), C (normal), D (slightly insufficient), E (slightly insufficient) It was evaluated with 5 ranks.

Example 1
A: Anodized Al-Si-Fe aluminum alloy plate (thickness 2 mm, oxide film 20 μm) integral emissivity 0.87
B: Polyester synthetic woven fabric obtained by kneading 10% by weight of far-infrared radiation ceramics (Al ₂ O ₃ —SiO ₂ ) powder and spinning the integral emissivity 0.93
Integral emissivity of overlapping part of both spectral emission spectra 0.87 (that is, overlapping shared area is 87% of black body radiation)
These spectral emission spectra are shown in FIG. The surface temperature change of the material side including the far-infrared emitting substance B after removing the shielding between the material side including the far-infrared emitting substance A is 40 ° C. and the material side including the far-infrared emitting substance B is 15 ° C. It was as follows.
1 minute later 17 ° C (+ 2 ° C)
3 minutes later 20 ° C (+ 5 ° C)
5 minutes later 22 ° C (+ 7 ° C)
10 minutes later 24 ° C (+ 9 ° C)
A sufficient warm sensation was obtained at a body temperature of 17 ° C. → 27 ° C. (+ 10 ° C.).
Experience evaluation A

Example 2
A: Anodized Al-Si-Fe aluminum alloy plate (thickness 2 mm, oxide film 20 μm) integral emissivity 0.87
B: Polyester synthetic fiber woven fabric Integrated emissivity 0.71
Integral emissivity of overlapping part of both spectral emission spectra 0.71 (ie, overlapping shared area is 71% of blackbody radiation)
These spectral emission spectra are shown in FIG. The surface temperature change of the material side including the far-infrared emitting substance B after removing the shielding between the material side including the far-infrared emitting substance A is 40 ° C. and the material side including the far-infrared emitting substance B is 15 ° C. It was as follows.
1 minute later 16 ° C (+ 1 ° C)
3 minutes later 18 ° C (+ 3 ° C)
5 minutes later 20 ° C (+ 5 ° C)
10 minutes later 22 ° C (+ 7 ° C)
A satisfactory warm sensation was obtained at a body temperature of 17 ° C. → 25 ° C. (+ 8 ° C.).
Experience evaluation A

Example 3
A: Anodized Al-Si-Fe aluminum alloy plate (thickness 2 mm, oxide film 20 μm) integral emissivity 0.87
B: Alumina sintered substrate (thickness 0.6 mm) integral emissivity 0.72
Integral emissivity of overlapping part of both spectral emission spectra 0.69
These spectral emission spectra are shown in FIG. The surface temperature change of the material side including the far-infrared emitting substance B after removing the shielding between the material side including the far-infrared emitting substance A is 40 ° C. and the material side including the far-infrared emitting substance B is 15 ° C. It was as follows.
1 minute later 16 ° C (+ 1 ° C)
3 minutes later 18 ° C (+ 3 ° C)
5 minutes later 20 ° C (+ 5 ° C)
10 minutes later 22 ° C (+ 7 ° C)
A satisfactory warm sensation was obtained at a body temperature of 17 ° C. → 25 ° C. (+ 8 ° C.).
Experience evaluation A

Example 4
A: Anodized ordinary (2S) aluminum plate (thickness 2 mm, oxide film 20 μm) integral emissivity 0.77
B: Polyethylene sheet (thickness 1 mm) to which 10% of far-infrared radiation ceramic (Al ₂ O ₃ —SiO ₂ ) powder is added, integral emissivity 0.83
Integral emissivity of overlapping part of both spectral emission spectra 0.76 (ie, overlapping shared area is 76% of black body radiation)
These spectral emission spectra are shown in FIG. The surface temperature change of the material side including the far-infrared emitting substance B after removing the shielding between the material side including the far-infrared emitting substance A is 40 ° C. and the material side including the far-infrared emitting substance B is 15 ° C. It was as follows.
1 minute later 16 ° C (+ 1 ° C)
3 minutes later 19 ° C (+ 4 ° C)
5 minutes later 21 ° C (+ 6 ° C)
10 minutes later 23 ° C (+ 8 ° C)
A sufficient warm sensation was obtained at a body temperature of 17 ° C. → 26 ° C. (+ 9 ° C.).
Experience evaluation A

Example 5
A: Stainless steel plate (SUS304) (thickness 2 mm) coated with far-infrared radiation ceramics (Al ₂ O ₃ —SiO ₂ system) integrated emissivity 0.80
B: Polyethylene sheet (thickness 1 mm) to which 10% of far-infrared radiation ceramic (Al ₂ O ₃ —SiO ₂ ) powder is added, integral emissivity 0.83
Integral emissivity of overlapping part of both spectral emission spectra 0.79 (ie, overlapping shared area is 79% of black body radiation)
These spectral emission spectra are shown in FIG. The surface temperature change of the material side including the far-infrared emitting substance B after removing the shielding between the material side including the far-infrared emitting substance A is 40 ° C. and the material side including the far-infrared emitting substance B is 15 ° C. It was as follows.
1 minute later 16 ° C (+ 1 ° C)
3 minutes later 19 ° C (+ 4 ° C)
5 minutes later 20 ° C (+ 5 ° C)
10 minutes later 23 ° C (+ 8 ° C)
A sufficient warm sensation was obtained at a body temperature of 17 ° C. → 26 ° C. (+ 9 ° C.).
Experience evaluation A

Example 6
A: Anodized Al-Si-Fe aluminum alloy plate (thickness 2 mm) integrated emissivity 0.87
B: Synthetic woven fabric obtained by kneading and spinning 10% of far-infrared radiation ceramic (Al ₂ O ₃ —SiO ₂ ) powder Integrated emissivity 0.93
Integral emissivity of overlapping part of both spectral emission spectra 0.87 (that is, overlapping shared area is 87% of black body radiation)
These integrated emissivities are shown in FIG. The surface temperature change on the B side after removing the shielding between the A side at 12 ° C. and the B side at 32 ° C. was as follows.
1 minute later 31 ° C (-1 ° C)
3 minutes later 30 ° C (-2 ° C)
5 minutes later 29 ° C (-3 ° C)
10 minutes later 28 ° C (-4 ° C)
Experienced temperature 33 ° C → 28 ° C (-5 ° C) provided sufficient cooling and comfort.
Experience evaluation A

Example 7
A: Silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ) / silicon carbide (SiC) composite ceramic plate (thickness 3 mm) integral emissivity 0.82
B: Low density polyethylene sheet (thickness 1 mm) integral emissivity 0.76
Integral emissivity of overlapping part of both spectral emission spectra 0.73 (ie, overlapping shared area is 73% of black body radiation)
These spectral emission spectra are shown in FIG. The surface temperature change on the B side after removing the shielding between the A side at 12 ° C. and the B side at 32 ° C. was as follows.
1 minute later 31.5 ° C (-0.5 ° C)
3 minutes later 31 ° C (-1 ° C)
5 minutes later 30 ° C (-2 ° C)
10 minutes later 29 ° C (-3 ° C)
Satisfactory comfort was obtained at a sensory temperature of 33 ° C. → 29 ° C. (−4 ° C.).
Experience evaluation A

Comparative Example 1
A: Anodized Al-Si-Fe aluminum alloy plate (thickness 2 mm) integral emissivity 0.87
B: Low density polyethylene sheet (thickness 1 mm) integral emissivity 0.36
Integral emissivity of overlapping part of both spectral emission spectra 0.36 (that is, overlapping shared area is 36% of black body radiation)
These spectral emission spectra are shown in FIG. The surface temperature change on the material side including the far-infrared emitting substance B after removing the shielding between the material side including the far-infrared emitting substance A at 40 ° C. and the material side including the far-infrared emitting substance B at 15 ° C. is as follows: It was as follows.
After 1 minute 15 ° C (+ 0 ° C)
3 minutes later 16 ° C (+ 1 ° C)
5 minutes later 18 ° C (+ 3 ° C)
10 minutes later 19 ° C (+ 4 ° C)
A sense of warmness was hardly obtained at a body temperature of 17 ° C. → 21 ° C. (+ 4 ° C.).
Experience evaluation CD

Comparative Example 2
A: Stainless steel plate coated with black (SUS304) (thickness 2 mm), integral emissivity 0.39
B: Low density polyethylene sheet (thickness 1 mm) integral emissivity 0.36
Integral emissivity of overlapping part of both spectral emission spectra 0.32 (ie, overlapping shared area is 32% of black body radiation)
These spectral emission spectra are shown in FIG. The surface temperature change of the material side including the far-infrared emitting substance B after removing the shielding between the material side including the far-infrared emitting substance A is 40 ° C. and the material side including the far-infrared emitting substance B is 15 ° C. It was as follows.
1 minute later 15.2 ° C (+ 0.2 ° C)
3 minutes later 15.5 ° C (+ 0.5 ° C)
5 minutes later 16.2 ° C (+ 1.2 ° C)
10 minutes later 17.0 ° C (+ 2.0 ° C)
A sense of warmness was hardly obtained at a body temperature of 17 ° C. → 20 ° C. (+ 3 ° C.).
Experience evaluation D

The present invention relates to various rooms and facilities where humans are active and live, rooms for storing articles (for example, warehouse rooms), display spaces (for example, showcases), etc. It can be widely used to adjust the environment.

110 heat absorption device 113 floor surface 114

wall surface

115, 116 fin 115c water channel

Claims

The cooling surface of the cooling source is exposed to the indoor space, the cooling surface is made of a material containing the far-infrared emitting material A, and the exposed surface of the indoor surface constituent member of the indoor space is the far-infrared emitting material A and the molecular species. The far-infrared emitting substance B is made of a material containing different far-infrared emitting substance B, and the cooling source is a device that cools the cooling surface by flowing a medium through a flow path formed therein, and the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance A In addition, the integrated emissivity of the material including the far-infrared emitting substance B in the wavelength range of 4.5 to 20 μm is 0.70 or more, and the material including the far-infrared emitting substance A and the far-infrared emitting substance B Is a room environment adjustment system in which the overlapping region on the spectral radiation spectrum with a wavelength of 4.5 to 20 μm in the operating temperature range of the system is 60% or more of the black body radiation.
The indoor environment according to claim 1, wherein the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance A and the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance B have an overlapping region of 60% or more of the black body radiation on the spectral radiation spectrum having a wavelength of 7 to 12 µm. Adjustment system.
3. The indoor environment adjustment system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the material including the far-infrared emitting substance A and the material including the far-infrared emitting substance B have an overlapping region of 70% or more of black body radiation.
The indoor environment adjustment system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the overlapping area is 80% or more of black body radiation.
The indoor environment adjustment system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the integrated emissivity of the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance A and the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance B is 0.80 or more.
The indoor environment adjustment according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein 0.1 to 100 wt% of the far-infrared substance B is present in a material forming the exposed surface of the indoor surface constituting member. system.
The indoor environment adjustment system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein 0.1 to 100 wt% of the far infrared ray substance A is present in a material forming the cooling surface of the cooling source.
The area of the indoor surface constituent member made of a material containing the far-infrared emitting substance B is an area that is 0.05 times or more the total floor area of the space to be adjusted for the environment, according to any one of claims 1 to 7. Indoor environment adjustment system.
The area of the indoor surface constituent member made of a material containing the far-infrared emitting substance B is an area that is 0.3 times or more the total floor area of the space to be adjusted for the environment. Indoor environment adjustment system.
The area of the cooling surface containing the far-infrared emitting substance A of the cooling source is 0.5 times or less of the area of the indoor surface constituent member made of the material containing the far-infrared emitting substance B. The indoor environment adjustment system according to any one of the above.
The area of the cooling surface including the far-infrared emitting material A of the cooling source is 0.2 to 0.5 times the area of the indoor surface constituent member made of the material including the far-infrared emitting material B. The indoor environment adjustment system according to any one of 1 to 8.
The cooling source according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the cooling source also serves as a heating source that uses the cooling surface as a heating surface by flowing a medium through a channel formed therein to heat the cooling surface. Indoor environment adjustment system.