Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
  • G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
  • G01C19/02—Rotary gyroscopes
  • G01C19/34—Rotary gyroscopes for indicating a direction in the horizontal plane, e.g. directional gyroscopes
  • G01C19/38—Rotary gyroscopes for indicating a direction in the horizontal plane, e.g. directional gyroscopes with north-seeking action by other than magnetic means, e.g. gyrocompasses using earth's rotation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
  • G01C1/00—Measuring angles
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
  • G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
  • G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
  • G01M5/0066—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by exciting or detecting vibration or acceleration

Definitions

• the invention relates to a system for monitoring a mechanically coupled structure and to such a method.
• the invention provides a system having the features of claim 1 and a method having the features of claim 6.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a system when monitoring a mechanically coupled structure according to a
• Embodiment a schematic representation for determining the orientation of the sensor to Erdrotationsachse; a schematic representation of a flowchart of a method according to another embodiment; 4 shows a system for monitoring according to a further embodiment;
• FIG. 5 shows the schematic structure of a system according to a further embodiment
• Fig. 6 shows the schematic structure of a system according to a
• FIG. 8 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method according to a further exemplary embodiment.
• FIG. 1 shows a system 100 for monitoring a mechanically coupled structure 101 with a first sensor 102, which is designed to determine its orientation relative to the axis of rotation at predetermined times as a first measurement result, the first sensor 102 having a first sensor 102 Part of the mechanically coupled structure is connectable.
• at least one second sensor 104 is provided which, when the system 100 is put into operation, is in a known first orientation relative to the first sensor 102 and is designed to determine a yaw rate and / or an acceleration as a second measurement result.
• the at least one second sensor 104 can be connected to a second part of the mechanically coupled structure.
• a central unit 106 is provided as well as a communication network 108, via which the central unit 106 is connected to the first sensor 102 and the second sensor 104.
• the first sensor 102 is designed such that the first measurement results are transmitted to the central unit 106
• the second sensor 104 is designed so that the second measurement results are transmitted to the central unit 106.
• the central unit 106 is designed to monitor the mechanically coupled structure 101 with the aid of the first and second measurement results.
• the first sensor 102 can be designed, for example, as a Sagnac sensor or as a Coriolis sensor. Both sensor types are able to determine their orientation relative to the axis of rotation via the Sagnac effect or the Coriolis effect.
• the communication network 108 may be wireless or wired. Optical communication via fiber optic cables or via free space propagation is just as possible as electrical or electromagnetic communication. In this case, any desired communication paths between the sensors 102, 104 and the central unit 106 can be conceivable. For example, only one direct unidirectional communication between the individual sensors 102, 104 and the central unit 106 could be possible as a communication path that is particularly easy to implement. However, more complex communication paths such as a bidirectional communication between the individual sensors 102, 104 and between the sensors 102, 104 and the central unit 106 are also possible.
• the system can be further enhanced by providing unillustrated Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) sensors, such as Global Positioning System (GPS), Galileo or Glonass, in the sensors 102, 104, thereby providing absolute position measurement the sensors 102, 104 is enabled.
• GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
• GPS Global Positioning System
• Glonass Glonass
• FIG. 2 shows schematically how the first sensor 102 is located on the earth's surface 200 at a certain angle ⁇ to the earth rotation axis 202.
• the second sensor 104 can be designed as a rotation sensor, which has a lower accuracy relative to the first sensor 102 for determining the orientation to the axis of rotation, whereby the system can be designed inexpensively.
• the first sensor 102 may have an accuracy of 0.01 "/ hour or better, while the second sensor may provide only an accuracy of 1 ° / hour, for example.
• a mechanically coupled structure 101 which is monitored by the system according to the invention or the method according to the invention, can be a structure in which it is important to find out whether the orientation of individual parts to one another changes, for example a building, a bridge, a ship , an airplane or a machine. While it is important for the structures mentioned to reliably detect any movement relative to one another in order to detect damage, for example after earthquakes, mechanically coupled structures are also known in which parts may move in certain permitted directions relative to one another. For example, in a wind turbine, the rotor may rotate in relation to the stator. However, an imbalance of the rotor, which has an effect in an additional linear component of movement of the rotor, should be detected, so that the wind turbine can be repaired if necessary. Even parts of the earth's surface (eg mountain slopes, but also contiguous parts of the earth's crust) can be considered as a mechanically coupled structure.
• the earth's surface eg mountain slopes, but also contiguous parts of the earth's crust
• Fig. 3 the flow of a method according to the invention is schematically outlined.
• a first step S300 the orientation of the first sensor 102 relative to the axis of rotation 202 of the earth is determined.
• the orientation is transmitted to the CPU 106 in a step S302.
• the rate of rotation or acceleration of the second sensor 104 is determined in a step S304, wherein at least one second sensor 104 is in a known first orientation to the first sensor 102 when the system 100 is started up.
• the measured rate of rotation or acceleration of the at least one second sensor 104 is transmitted to the central unit 106.
• a step S308 below is a monitoring value from the transmitted orientation of the first sensor 102 and the rate of rotation or acceleration of generates at least one second sensor 104 which is used to monitor the mechanically coupled structure 101.
• two or more yaw rate sensors 102, 402 based on the Sagnac effect, the Coriolis effect, and the inertial effect with different resolving powers and their relative relationship to each other may change states (e.g. Deformations) of a total mechanical structure 403 or portions of the mechanically coupled structure relative to one another.
• the high-resolution first sensor 102 also called the central sensor or master, establishes the external reference to the earth rotation vector 202 of the earth 200 as a fixed reference, while simpler (low-precision) sensors 402 or slaves only detect the local reference to the master 102 as a function of time , The sufficient sensitivity of the slaves is used for rotational measurements.
• the poorer sensitivity for the orientation of the slaves relative to the position of the axis of rotation axis 202 then no longer plays a role. This makes it possible to transfer the different properties of the individual sensors (eg the absolute reference of the Sagnac effect to the Coriolis effect sensor or inertia effect sensor).
• the central unit 106 is not shown, it could be connected to the sensors 102, 402 shown for transmitting the measurement results, or for example also be accommodated with the first sensor 102 (or one of the second sensors 402) in a common housing.
• building loads or building damage can be determined by means of deformations caused, for example, by earthquakes.
• Deformation of the structure provides a primary measurement signal, precedes damage, and may be used for the quantitative ad hoc assessment of the damage potential of a load.
• the first sensor 102 and the plurality of second sensors 402 are fixedly connected to the building fabric 403. Since the first sensor 102 can detect rotations absolutely on the basis of the Sagnac effect, the orientation of the building relative to the axis of rotation 202 of the earth 200 is automatically determined before, during and after an earthquake in real time. This allows the determination of the orientation change of a building, without relying on local references, which could have changed by the action of a force, such as an earthquake or the like.
• another hybrid sensor system 500 can be constructed, which consists of two or more yaw rate sensors 102, 402, 504 on the basis of the Sagnac effect, the Coriolis effect and the inertial effect with different resolving power and their relative relation to each other is constructed.
• changes in the arrangement of parts of a completely or partially movable mechanical structure or of parts 502, 506 of a completely or partially movable mechanically coupled structure relative to one another are detected.
• the high resolution central sensor 102 master establishes the external reference to earth rotation axis 202 of the earth 200 as a fixed reference, while the simpler sensors 402, 504 dynamically sense the local reference to the master 102 as a function of time.
• the measuring method can be used as an inert measurement method for the relative movement of different mechanically coupled structures 502, 506 (eg machine parts) with movable components relative to one another, even if no optical, electrical or rigid mechanical connection can be established between these parts ,
• the different properties of the individual sensors 102, 402, 504 can be transferred to one another (eg absolute reference of the Sagnac effect on Coriolis effect sensor and inertia effect sensor).
• the system is applicable to the investigation of unauthorized movements in a system in which parts of a mechanical structure may move in relation to each other in a predetermined frame to each other (allowed movement).
• another hybrid sensor system 600 may be provided, which has at least one yaw rate sensor 102 on the basis of the Sagnac effect, the Coriolis effect and the inertia effect and at least one accelerometer 604 (in FIG. 6 three such accelerometer 604 are shown). wherein the sensors 102, 604 are fastened together to a mechanically coupled structure or on the earth surface 602 and thus soil or structural properties (tomography, exploration) can be determined.
• the relationship is exploited in that the measured rate of rotation ⁇ and the transverse acceleration a of an excitation signal (eg an earthquake wave) are in phase in a homogeneous medium and the proportionality of these independently detected signals corresponds to the phase velocity c as in equation (1) shown:
• the phase velocity c (an apparent phase velocity in a heterogeneous medium as the ratio of the rate of rotation ⁇ and acceleration a) changes significantly with the nature of the soil (for example, granite has a specific phase velocity) Exploration can take place. Thus it can be searched for deposits with a portable device or can be done by a permanently installed network of sensors an evaluation of the time dependence.
• the first sensor or master sensor 102 and the second or secondary sensors 104 are connected and communicate bidirectionally on the basis of a self-organized network. This reduces the required transmit power per sensor and facilitates the enlargement / reduction of the network, since no user intervention is necessary.
• the first sensor 102 is connected to the central unit 106.
• the first method can be used for all types of rotation sensors, including those that are not able to resolve the Erdmosrate as a reference measured value signal because of their limited accuracy.
• the second method in this case significantly increases the integrity of the self-calibration method, as a plausibility check is in line with the actual circumstances in the spatial proximity of the single slave sensor via current measurement data of the master sensor is carried out.
• the central unit 106 with the first sensor 102 or one of the second sensors 104 is housed together in a housing.
• a time reference can be produced by using a clock as a time measuring device 702, 704 at the individual sensor 102, 104 or by a via the radio connection with a guaranteed low latency (specification of the transmission protocol), the time assignment (per clock) to the central unit 106 can be made for each individual sensor 102, 104.
• the time reference is used, for example, to obtain a chronological sequence of events and to correlate the measurement results determined at different points in time. This will help identify the spread of damage over time and provide additional information about the integrity of the system. For example, in the case of a progressive propagation of a displacement of the parts of a mechanically coupled structure 101, it can be assumed that all the sensors 102, 104 connected to the mechanically coupled structure 101 are orientated. experience changes in an expected timing, which depends on the respective position of the sensors 102, 104. If individual sensors 102, 104 deviate from the time dependence of the orientation or acceleration deviating therefrom, this can be assumed to be a faulty measurement.
• a process is illustrated in a flowchart in which, in a step 800, a structural change of the mechanically coupled structure 101, for example, is effected. B. is done by an earthquake.
• a step 802 a rotation rate change, a rotation angle change (deflection), an acceleration change or an orientation change, which is read out via the first sensor 102 in a step S804.
• the comparison of the measured value with a setpoint value takes place from a configuration file.
• a readout of the second sensors 104 which are arranged, for example, in a sensor array, takes place.
• a determination of time-dependent frequency spectra can also be made from the time sequence of the transmitted first and second measurement results. Since it is possible to obtain time-accurate measurement series of all first and second sensors 102, 104, these time-dependent frequency spectra can be generated, which characterize the mechanically coupled structure, and changes in these frequency spectra can be deduced from changes or damage in the mechanically coupled structures. Such functionality can serve as an early warning function.
• a change in the rotation rate and optionally an acceleration are then determined.
• the changes between the first sensor 102 and the second sensor 104 are calculated, whereby, for example, deformations can be detected.
• the integrity of the data is checked to avoid erroneous measurements. For safety-relevant states, an alarm function is initiated.
• a log file is subsequently created and data can also be transmitted to a control point or an early warning function can be triggered.
• the master sensor 102 is read out again in step S804 and the monitoring of the mechanically coupled structure 101 takes place again.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
• Remote Sensing (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
• Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
• Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
• Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
• Gyroscopes (AREA)

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• 2010
  • 2010-12-06 DE DE102010053582A patent/DE102010053582A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2011
  • 2011-12-05 NZ NZ611045A patent/NZ611045A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2011-12-05 CN CN201180057776.1A patent/CN103238040B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-12-05 SG SG2013040472A patent/SG190409A1/en unknown
  • 2011-12-05 MX MX2013006114A patent/MX2013006114A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2011-12-05 JP JP2013541253A patent/JP5784745B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-12-05 WO PCT/EP2011/006086 patent/WO2012076145A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2011-12-05 TW TW100144666A patent/TWI454659B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2011-12-05 US US13/990,794 patent/US20130291637A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-12-05 EP EP11805402.2A patent/EP2649410A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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