WO2012074154A1 - Gazéificateur à plasma pour cycle combiné de gazéification intégré - Google Patents

Gazéificateur à plasma pour cycle combiné de gazéification intégré Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012074154A1
WO2012074154A1 PCT/KR2010/008628 KR2010008628W WO2012074154A1 WO 2012074154 A1 WO2012074154 A1 WO 2012074154A1 KR 2010008628 W KR2010008628 W KR 2010008628W WO 2012074154 A1 WO2012074154 A1 WO 2012074154A1
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Prior art keywords
coal
plasma
discharge tube
steam
oxygen
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PCT/KR2010/008628
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
홍용철
신동훈
이봉주
엄환섭
이상주
전형원
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한국기초과학지원연구원
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Priority to PCT/KR2010/008628 priority Critical patent/WO2012074154A1/fr
Publication of WO2012074154A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012074154A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/18—Continuous processes using electricity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/067—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion heat coming from a gasification or pyrolysis process, e.g. coal gasification
    • F01K23/068—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion heat coming from a gasification or pyrolysis process, e.g. coal gasification in combination with an oxygen producing plant, e.g. an air separation plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/123—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves
    • C10J2300/1238—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves by plasma
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1643—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
    • C10J2300/1653—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated in a gasification combined cycle [IGCC]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/40—Gasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
    • F23G2204/201—Plasma
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
    • F23G2206/202—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with an internal combustion engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
    • F23G2206/203—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with a power/heat generating installation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plasma gasifier for coal gasification combined cycle, and more particularly, to an electromagnetic plasma gasifier used for coal gasification combined cycle power generation, and generates a stable plasma by injecting a mixture of steam and oxygen in a vortex form.
  • the present invention relates to a coal gasification combined cycle plasma gasifier capable of easily producing a syngas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen by controlling a ratio of steam and oxygen of the mixed gas.
  • Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle is a form of producing electricity by converting coal into a synthesis gas composed mainly of hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO), and then turning the gas turbine with this gas. Means development.
  • Coal gasification combined cycle power generation has the biggest advantage in that it can generate power using coal resources that are widely distributed and rich in the world.
  • the thermal efficiency is high, which reduces the generation of carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and dusts per unit power generation, and reduces the generation of warm water due to the low ratio of steam turbine output to plant output. It is evaluated as a very excellent technology. It is also attracting attention as a pivotal technology of future power generation that can be applied to carbon dioxide separation storage technology, hydrogen production technology, and fuel cell-linked systems.
  • the coal gasification combined cycle system first burns coal to generate syngas, and the generated syngas is injected into a gas turbine to produce electric power. Power can also be produced once more by turning the steam turbine with the heat of the exhaust gas emitted from the gas turbine.
  • the syngas is not only used for power generation, but also liquefied fuel such as diesel, gasoline, DME, etc., chemical raw materials such as methanol and ethylene can be produced using coal liquefaction technology, and hydrogen can also be produced from syngas. have.
  • An object of the present invention is to produce a stable plasma at a pressure of 1 atm by mixing a mixture of steam and oxygen in an eddy form in an electromagnetic plasma gasifier used in coal gasification combined cycle power generation.
  • the present invention provides a plasma gasifier for coal gasification / complexation that can control the ratio of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a syngas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
  • Plasma gasifier used in coal gasification combined cycle power generation includes at least one plasma generating device, the plasma generating device is an electromagnetic wave supply unit for generating an electromagnetic wave of a predetermined frequency, A discharge tube in which plasma is generated from the electromagnetic wave supplied from the electromagnetic wave supply unit, and a gas supply unit injecting a mixed gas of steam and oxygen into the discharge tube in a vortex form, and a solid in the plasma generated inside the discharge tube A coal supply unit for supplying coal in the form, an ignition unit for supplying initial electrons for plasma generation inside the discharge tube, and a gas discharge unit for discharging the synthesis gas synthesized from the reaction of plasma and coal generated in the discharge tube. .
  • the electromagnetic wave oscillated by the electromagnetic wave supply unit may be configured to have a frequency range of 902 ⁇ 928MHz or 886 ⁇ 896MHz.
  • the gas supply unit may include one or more steam supply pipes formed at a lower end portion of the discharge tube and having one end connected to the inside of the discharge tube to supply steam into the discharge tube; And one or more oxygen supply pipes whose one end is connected to the inside of the discharge tube to supply oxygen into the discharge tube.
  • the gas supply unit may include the same number of the steam supply pipe and the oxygen supply pipe, the one or more steam supply pipe and the one or more oxygen supply pipe, may be arranged at the same interval inside the gas supply.
  • the one or more steam supply pipes and the one or more oxygen supply pipes may be alternately arranged in the gas supply part.
  • the one or more steam supply pipes and the one or more oxygen supply pipes are connected to the inside of the discharge tube so that the steam and oxygen discharged into the discharge tube are discharged in parallel with the inner circumferential surface of the discharge tube, thereby ejecting the steam into the discharge tube. And oxygen may be mixed with each other to form a vortex.
  • the coal supply unit is formed in a form surrounding the discharge tube on the upper end of the gas supply unit, one end is connected to the interior of the discharge tube to supply one or more coal supply pipe to supply the coal in the form of solid in the plasma generated inside the discharge tube It may include.
  • the one or more coal supply pipes may be arranged at equal intervals inside the coal supply unit.
  • the at least one coal supply pipe is configured such that one end connected to the inside of the discharge pipe is directed toward the center of the plasma formed inside the discharge pipe, so that coal supplied through the coal supply pipe is ejected toward the center of the plasma.
  • the coal discharged into the discharge tube may be configured to form a vortex by being connected to the inside of the discharge tube such that the coal discharged into the discharge tube is discharged in parallel with the inner circumferential surface of the discharge tube.
  • the one or more coal supply pipes may be disposed inside the coal supply unit such that the ejected coal forms a vortex in the same direction as the mixed gas of steam and oxygen supplied from the gas supply unit.
  • the coal supply unit may supply the coal into the discharge tube by mixing the coal with at least one gas of steam, oxygen, a mixed gas of steam and oxygen, or carbon dioxide.
  • the present invention has the advantage of generating a plasma stably at 1 atm by injecting a mixture of steam and oxygen in a vortex form into the waveguide.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a coal gas combined cycle power system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a plasma generator 200 used in a coal gasification combined cycle plasma gasifier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3 is an optical emission spectrum obtained from an electromagnetic plasma torch using pure steam (H 2 O) only.
  • FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a portion where the waveguide 210 and the discharge tube 212 of the plasma generating apparatus 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention are connected.
  • 5A to 5C are horizontal cross-sectional views showing the detailed configuration of the gas supply unit 214 of the plasma generating apparatus 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 6A and 6B are horizontal cross-sectional views showing the detailed configuration of the coal supply unit 216 of the plasma generating apparatus 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a plasma gasifier 600a for coal gasification combined cycle including a plurality of plasma generators 200.
  • FIG. 7B is a view showing another embodiment of the plasma gasifier 600b for coal gasification combined cycle including a plurality of plasma generators 200.
  • FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram of a coal gas combined cycle power generation system.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a coal gas combined cycle power generation system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • coal is first combusted in the gasifier 102 to generate syngas.
  • the syngas has hydrogen and carbon monoxide as main components and contains some impurities such as sulfur compounds.
  • the generated syngas is purified through a gas purification process 104 to remove impurities such as sulfur compounds and dust, and to purify the syngas containing pure hydrogen and carbon monoxide only.
  • Slag generated in the synthesis gas generation process is used as a building material, etc.
  • the sulfur compound separated in the refining process may be recycled in a chemical plant.
  • the syngas produced and purified from the coal is injected into the gas turbine 106 to produce electric power by turning the gas turbine 106.
  • the syngas produced and purified from the coal is injected into the gas turbine 106 to produce electric power by turning the gas turbine 106.
  • hydrogen may be produced by separating the syngas from the gas separator 112, and converting the syngas using coal liquefaction technology 114 to liquefied fuel such as diesel, gasoline, DME, methanol, ethylene, etc.
  • Raw materials can also be produced.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the plasma generator 200 included in the coal gasification combined cycle plasma gasifier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the plasma generator 200 includes a power supply unit 202, an electromagnetic wave oscillator 204, a circulator 206, a tuner 208, a waveguide 210, a discharge tube 212, a gas supply unit 214, and coal. And a supply unit 216, an ignition unit 218, and a gas discharge unit 220.
  • the power supply unit 202 supplies power required for driving the plasma generator 200.
  • the electromagnetic wave oscillator 204 is connected to the power supply unit 202 and receives power from the power supply unit 202 to oscillate electromagnetic waves.
  • an electromagnetic oscillator for oscillating an electromagnetic wave having a frequency range of 902 to 928 MHz or 886 to 896 MHz is used.
  • the electromagnetic wave having the frequency of 915 MHz or 896 MHz is oscillated using the electromagnetic wave oscillator 204.
  • the circulator 206 is connected to the electromagnetic wave oscillator 204 and protects the electromagnetic wave oscillator 204 by dissipating electromagnetic energy reflected by impedance mismatch while outputting electromagnetic waves oscillated from the electromagnetic wave oscillator 204.
  • the tuner 208 adjusts the intensity of the incident wave and the reflected wave of the electromagnetic wave output from the circulator 204 to induce impedance matching so that the electric field induced by the electromagnetic wave is maximized in the discharge tube 212.
  • the waveguide 210 transmits the electromagnetic wave input from the tuner 208 to the discharge tube 212.
  • the size of the waveguide 210 is related to the frequency of the electromagnetic wave oscillated by the electromagnetic wave oscillator 204. As the frequency of the electromagnetic wave oscillated by the electromagnetic wave oscillator 204 decreases, the wavelength becomes longer. Therefore, when electromagnetic waves having different frequencies are introduced into a waveguide of a predetermined size, electromagnetic waves of frequencies lower than the inherent cutoff frequency do not flow into the waveguide. . In other words, the waveguide acts as a kind of high pass filter, and thus the waveguide is sized according to the frequency used.
  • Equation 1 The inherent cutoff frequency of the waveguide is determined by Equation 1 below.
  • f c is the cutoff frequency
  • c is the speed of light
  • a is the width of the waveguide
  • b is the length of the waveguide
  • m and n are the electromagnetic wave mode numbers in the waveguide.
  • the waveguide having the size of the width (a) * length (b) is 25cm * 12.5cm.
  • the m value is 1 and the n value is 0.
  • the electromagnetic wave oscillator 204 of the present invention oscillates electromagnetic waves having a frequency range of 902 to 928 MHz or 886 to 896 MHz
  • the electromagnetic wave oscillated by the electromagnetic wave oscillator 204 is higher than the cutoff frequency of the waveguide 210. It can be seen that it is introduced into the waveguide 210 without being blocked.
  • the cutoff wavelength in the waveguide 210 is obtained as shown in Equation 3 below.
  • the wavelength ⁇ g in the waveguide is expressed by Equation 4 below.
  • the wavelength at the position where the discharge tube is inserted is about 11 cm (# 43.5 / 4).
  • the power supply unit 202, the electromagnetic wave oscillator 204, the circulator 206, the tuner 208, and the waveguide 210 constitute the electromagnetic wave supply unit 222 in the present invention, the electromagnetic wave supply unit 222 ) Generates electromagnetic waves and supplies them to the discharge tube 212.
  • the discharge tube 212 generates a plasma from the mixed gas of the electromagnetic wave, steam, and oxygen supplied from the electromagnetic wave supply unit 222, and uses the generated plasma to gasify the coal in solid form to generate syn-gas.
  • Create The synthesis gas is mainly composed of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2 ), in addition to impurities such as sulfur compounds.
  • the mixed gas of steam and oxygen injected into the discharge tube 212 stabilizes the generated plasma and forms a swirl in the discharge tube 212 to protect the inner wall of the discharge tube 212 from a high temperature plasma flame. do.
  • the present invention by using a mixed gas of steam and oxygen, much more than using pure steam. The plasma can be generated stably.
  • composition ratio of the synthesis gas (Syn-gas) generated by controlling the mixing ratio of the mixed gas of the steam (H 2 O) and oxygen (O 2 ).
  • 3 is an optical emission spectrum obtained from an electromagnetic plasma torch using pure steam (H 2 O) only. As shown, pure steam (H 2 O) plasma produces OH, H, O, and the dominant species are OH and H. Therefore, when coal is gasified in a pure steam plasma, it can be predicted that the amount of hydrogen produced is greater than carbon monoxide from the reaction of coal and steam plasma.
  • This reaction is exothermic and occurs very quickly. This reaction can provide the heat required for gasification of coal.
  • This reaction is endothermic and slower than the oxidation reaction.
  • the gas supply unit 214 injects a mixed gas of steam and oxygen into the discharge tube 212 in a vortex form, and the coal supply unit 216 forms solid coal (pulverized coal) in the plasma generated inside the discharge tube 212.
  • the gas supply unit 214 and the coal supply unit 216 will be described later.
  • the ignition unit 218 includes a pair of electrodes installed inside the discharge tube 212 and supplies initial electrons for generating plasma through the electrodes.
  • the gas discharge part 220 is provided at an upper end of the discharge tube 212 and discharges the syngas generated by the plasma to the outside. Syngas discharged through the gas discharge unit 220 is used to generate electric power or to produce liquefied fuel, chemical fuel, etc. through a gas purification process.
  • FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a portion where the waveguide 210 and the discharge tube 212 of the plasma generating apparatus 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention are connected.
  • the discharge tube 212 is connected to the waveguide 210 to provide a space in which the plasma is generated by the electromagnetic wave input through the waveguide 210.
  • the discharge tube 212 is formed in a cylindrical shape to vertically guide the waveguide 210 at a point corresponding to 1/8 to 1/2 of the wavelength in the waveguide 210, preferably 1/4, from the end of the waveguide 210. It may be installed to penetrate, and may be made of quartz, alumina, or ceramic for easy transmission of electromagnetic waves.
  • the discharge tube holder 300 formed under the waveguide 210 supports the discharge tube 212 so that the discharge tube 212 is stably inserted into the waveguide 210 and fixed.
  • the gas supply unit 214 is formed to surround the discharge tube 212 at the lower end of the discharge tube 212, and the coal supply unit 216 is an upper end of the gas supply unit 214, that is, the portion where the plasma is formed in the discharge tube 212. It is formed in a wrapping form.
  • 5A to 5C are horizontal cross-sectional views showing the detailed configuration of the gas supply unit 214 of the plasma generating apparatus 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the gas supply unit 214 of the plasma generating apparatus 200 includes one or more steam supply pipe 400 and one or more oxygen supply pipe 402.
  • Each of the steam supply pipe 400 and the oxygen supply pipe 402 is configured to supply steam and oxygen to one end of the steam supply pipe 400 and the inside of the discharge pipe 212.
  • Steam and oxygen supplied to each of the steam supply pipe 400 and the oxygen supply pipe 402 are mixed in the discharge tube 212 to form a mixed gas of steam and oxygen.
  • the steam supply pipe 400 and the oxygen supply pipe 402 may be formed in an appropriate number inside the gas supply unit 214 as necessary.
  • 5A illustrates an embodiment in which one steam supply pipe 400 and one oxygen supply pipe 402 are formed, respectively
  • FIGS. 5B and 5C illustrate embodiments in which two or three steam supply pipes 400 and oxygen supply pipes 402 are provided, respectively. It is shown.
  • the steam supply pipe 400 and the oxygen supply pipe 402 may be formed in the gas supply unit 214 in the same number, respectively. That is, when two steam supply pipes 400 are formed, two oxygen supply pipes 402 may also be formed.
  • the steam supply pipe 400 and the oxygen supply pipe 402 may be arranged at equal intervals around the discharge pipe 212 in the gas supply unit 214, as shown in the steam supply pipe 400 and the oxygen supply pipe 402 Alternately (ie, in the order of the steam supply pipe 400, the oxygen even pipe 402, the steam supply pipe 400, the oxygen supply pipe 402...) In the gas supply part 214.
  • the steam supply pipe 400 and the oxygen supply pipe 402 are supplied to the discharge tube 212 so that the mixed gas of the supplied steam and oxygen rotates in a vortex form along the inner circumferential surface of the discharge tube 212.
  • the steam supply pipe 400 and the oxygen supply pipe 402 may discharge steam and oxygen discharged into the discharge tube 212 along the inner circumferential surface of the discharge tube 212 (that is, parallel to the inner circumferential surface). Is connected to the inside of 212.
  • the steam supply pipe 400 and the oxygen supply pipe 402 is configured so that the advancing direction of the steam supply pipe 400 and the oxygen supply pipe 402 is parallel to the inner peripheral surface of the discharge pipe 212 near one end connected to the discharge tube 212. Should be. In this case, the supplied steam and oxygen are mixed with each other in the discharge tube 212 and rotate in one direction to form a vortex.
  • the directions of rotation of steam and oxygen supplied from the steam supply pipe 400 and the oxygen supply pipe 402 should be the same.
  • 6A and 6B are horizontal cross-sectional views showing the detailed configuration of the coal supply unit 216 of the plasma generating apparatus 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the coal supply unit 216 of the plasma generating apparatus 200 includes one or more coal supply pipes 500, and inside the discharge pipe 212 through the coal supply pipe 500. Powdered coal (pulverized coal) is supplied to the formed plasma.
  • the coal supply pipe 500 may also be formed in an appropriate number inside the coal supply unit 216 as necessary. Like the steam supply pipe 400 and the oxygen supply pipe 402, the coal supply pipe 500 may also be provided in the coal supply unit 216. In the discharge tube 212 may be arranged at equal intervals.
  • the coal supply pipe 500 may be supplied to the discharge tube 212 so that the supplied powdered coal rotates in a vortex form along the inner circumferential surface of the discharge tube 212.
  • the coal supply pipe 500 includes the discharge pipe 212 so that coal discharged into the discharge pipe 212 is discharged along the inner circumferential surface of the discharge pipe 212 (that is, parallel to the inner circumferential surface). It is connected to the inside.
  • the coal supply pipe 500 similarly to the steam supply pipe 400 and the oxygen supply pipe 402, the coal supply pipe 500 also has a traveling direction of the coal supply pipe 500 parallel to the inner circumferential surface of the discharge pipe 212 near one end connected to the discharge pipe 212. It must be constructed.
  • the supplied coal rotates in one direction inside the discharge tube 212 to have a vortex shape.
  • the rotation direction of the vortex preferably corresponds to the rotation direction of the mixed gas of steam and oxygen.
  • the coal supply pipe 500 may be formed to face the center of the plasma formed inside the discharge pipe 212.
  • the pulverized coal ejected through the coal supply pipe 500 is directly injected toward the center of the plasma having a high temperature, so that partial combustion and gasification of coal may occur more easily.
  • Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) may be used as a carrier gas for supplying coal (pulverized coal) into the discharge tube 212.
  • Synthesis gas generated in the plasma generating apparatus 200 according to the present invention includes a significant amount of carbon dioxide in addition to hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon monoxide. Therefore, when the carbon dioxide is separated from the synthesis gas and recycled as a carrier gas for transporting the coal, the coal is effectively transported to the plasma in the discharge tube 212 and at the same time, it is also possible to prevent environmental pollution due to the emission of carbon dioxide into the air.
  • the carrier gas a mixed gas of oxygen and steam may be used in the same manner as the gas supply unit 214, and pure steam or oxygen may also be used as the carrier gas.
  • FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a coal gasification / complexing plasma gasifier 600a including a plurality of plasma generators 200 as described above.
  • the plasma gasifier 600a according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of plasma generators 200 around the cylindrical body 602a, and each plasma generator 200 includes a gas discharge unit ( 220 is coupled to the body 602a to be connected to the interior of the body 602a. Therefore, the synthesis gas generated from each plasma generator 200 is collected at the synthesis gas outlet 604a at the top of the body 602a, and the by-products generated in this process are discharged to the by-product discharge port 606a at the bottom.
  • FIG. 7B is a view showing another embodiment of the coal gasification combined cycle plasma gasifier 600b including a plurality of plasma generating apparatuses 200 as described above.
  • the plasma gasifier 600b according to the present embodiment also includes a cylindrical body 602b, a syngas outlet 604b, and a by-product outlet 606a, and the plasma generator 200 includes the body 602b. All configurations are the same as the plasma gasifier 600a shown in FIG. 7A except that it is located at the top, not the bottom.

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un gazéificateur à plasma pour cycle combiné de gazéification intégré (IGCC). Un gazéificateur à plasma utilisé dans le cycle combiné de gazéification intégré selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention comprend un ou plusieurs dispositifs générateurs de plasma. Le dispositif générateur de plasma comprend : une section de fourniture d'ondes électromagnétiques servant à faire osciller des ondes électromagnétiques d'une fréquence prédéterminée ; un tube à décharge destiné à produire un plasma à partir des ondes électromagnétiques fournies par la section de fourniture d'ondes électromagnétiques et à partir du gaz de mélange vapeur et oxygène ; une section de fourniture de gaz servant à injecter le gaz de mélange vapeur et oxygène dans le tube à décharge sous la forme d'un tourbillon ; une section de fourniture de charbon servant à fournir du charbon sous forme solide au plasma engendré dans le tube à décharge ; une section d'allumage servant à fournir des électrons initiaux de manière à générer un plasma dans le tube à décharge ; et une section de décharge de gaz servant à décharger un gaz de synthèse qui est synthétisé par la réaction entre le plasma généré dans le tube à décharge et le charbon.
PCT/KR2010/008628 2010-12-03 2010-12-03 Gazéificateur à plasma pour cycle combiné de gazéification intégré WO2012074154A1 (fr)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4472172A (en) * 1979-12-03 1984-09-18 Charles Sheer Arc gasification of coal
KR20060018195A (ko) * 2004-08-23 2006-02-28 엄환섭 전자파 플라즈마 토치를 이용한 메탄의 이산화탄소 개질방법
KR100638109B1 (ko) * 2005-06-21 2006-10-24 엄환섭 플라즈마 화염 발생장치
KR20080040664A (ko) * 2005-06-03 2008-05-08 플라스코 에너지 그룹 인코포레이티드 탄소질 공급원료를 특정 조성의 가스로 변환하기 위한 장치
KR20110012175A (ko) * 2009-07-30 2011-02-09 한국기초과학지원연구원 석탄가스화복합발전용 플라즈마 가스화기

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4472172A (en) * 1979-12-03 1984-09-18 Charles Sheer Arc gasification of coal
KR20060018195A (ko) * 2004-08-23 2006-02-28 엄환섭 전자파 플라즈마 토치를 이용한 메탄의 이산화탄소 개질방법
KR20080040664A (ko) * 2005-06-03 2008-05-08 플라스코 에너지 그룹 인코포레이티드 탄소질 공급원료를 특정 조성의 가스로 변환하기 위한 장치
KR100638109B1 (ko) * 2005-06-21 2006-10-24 엄환섭 플라즈마 화염 발생장치
KR20110012175A (ko) * 2009-07-30 2011-02-09 한국기초과학지원연구원 석탄가스화복합발전용 플라즈마 가스화기

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