WO2012072311A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour faire fonctionner une machine électrique commandée par un onduleur en cas de perturbation - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif pour faire fonctionner une machine électrique commandée par un onduleur en cas de perturbation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012072311A1 WO2012072311A1 PCT/EP2011/067036 EP2011067036W WO2012072311A1 WO 2012072311 A1 WO2012072311 A1 WO 2012072311A1 EP 2011067036 W EP2011067036 W EP 2011067036W WO 2012072311 A1 WO2012072311 A1 WO 2012072311A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- inverter
- short
- circuit mode
- supply voltage
- voltage potential
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/003—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to inverters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0061—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
- B60L2240/525—Temperature of converter or components thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for operating an electric machine controlled by an inverter, in particular a pulse inverter, in the event of a fault.
- inverter - For the drive in hybrid or electric vehicles electrical machines in the form of induction machines are usually used, which in conjunction with inverters - often referred to as inverter - are operated.
- the electrical machines are operated either in motor or generator mode.
- the electric machine generates a drive torque which, when used in a hybrid vehicle, supports an internal combustion engine, for example in an acceleration phase.
- generator mode the electric machine generates electrical energy that is stored in an energy storage such as a battery or a super-cab. Operating mode and power of the electrical machine are set via the inverter.
- Known inverters comprise a series of switching elements with which the individual phases (U, V, W) of the electrical machine are selectively switched to a high supply voltage potential or to a low supply voltage potential.
- two series-connected switching elements form a half-bridge branch, wherein a first switching element with the high supply voltage potential and a second switching element with the low supply voltage potential are connected.
- Each phase of the electric machine is then equipped with one half-bridge connected.
- the switching elements are controlled in normal operation, that is without the occurrence of a fault, by an external control unit, which calculates a desired operating point for the electric machine depending on the driver's request (acceleration or braking).
- the inverter is connected to the control unit and receives from this the corresponding operating data or control commands.
- the inverter In the event of a fault, e.g. may be due to excessive battery current or too high supply current, the inverter is switched to a safe state to prevent possible damage to electrical components.
- two different turn-off methods are known from the prior art, which are used alternatively.
- a first method all switches connected to the low supply voltage potential (low-side switch) are closed and all switches (high-side switch) connected to the high supply voltage potential are opened. This mode is also referred to as a short circuit mode.
- all switches of the inverter In another shutdown procedure, all switches of the inverter are opened. This is also known as unlock mode.
- From DE 10 2006 003 254 A1 discloses a method for operating an electrical machine with a pulse inverter in the event of a fault is known, in which the electrical machine is switched in the event of a malfunction first in a disconnection mode and subsequently in a short-circuit mode.
- the invention provides a method for operating an electric machine controlled by an inverter, in particular a pulse-controlled inverter, in which a short-circuit mode for the electrical machine is realized by alternately switching the electrical machine into a first short-circuit mode and switched to a second short-circuit mode.
- a short-circuit mode for the electrical machine is realized by alternately switching the electrical machine into a first short-circuit mode and switched to a second short-circuit mode.
- the first short-circuit mode all switching elements of the inverter connected to a high supply voltage potential are closed and all switching elements of the inverter connected to a low supply voltage potential are opened.
- the second short-circuit mode all switching elements of the inverter connected to the high supply voltage potential are opened, and all switching elements of the inverter connected to the low supply voltage potential are closed.
- the invention also provides an apparatus for operating an electric machine controlled by an inverter, in particular a pulse inverter, in the event of a fault.
- a control unit controls the inverter to implement a short-circuit mode for the electric machine so that it alternately switches the electric machine in a first short-circuit mode and in a second short-circuit mode.
- the first short-circuit mode all connected to a high supply voltage potential switching elements of the inverter are closed and all connected to a low supply voltage potential switching elements of the inverter open.
- the switching elements connected to the high supply voltage potential are the first short-circuit mode.
- Inverter closed and closed all connected to the low supply voltage potential switching elements of the inverter.
- the invention is based on the basic idea of avoiding excessive loading of components of the inverter and / or busbars in uncontrolled short-circuit mode by switching between two short-circuit modes, the short-circuit current in the first short-circuit mode via the short-circuit mode High-side switch and in the second short-circuit
- Mode flows through the low-side switch.
- the current load and thus the thermal load of the components and the busbars are distributed over several components, so that a one-sided load of the inverter components in the short-circuit mode is avoided.
- This has a positive effect both on the dimensioning of the power units of the inverter and on their service life.
- It can be changed with a predetermined switching frequency between the first and the second short-circuit mode.
- the switching frequency can be specified in such a way that, in each case, after a predefined period of time has elapsed, a change is made between the two short-circuit modes.
- the switching frequency is specified as a function of a thermal behavior of at least one module to be protected.
- a corresponding sensor system can be used which detects a variable characterizing the thermal behavior of the at least one module to be protected.
- the control unit can then set the switching frequency between the first and the second short-circuit mode depending on the thermal behavior of the at least one module to be protected.
- the thermal load of the components is essentially determined by the corresponding
- the thermal behavior of a module to be protected can also be determined model-based.
- the sensor system can comprise one or more temperature sensors which directly detect the temperature in the region of the components to be protected, that is to say in particular of the switching elements.
- the detected temperatures can then be evaluated by an evaluation unit to the effect that is switched when a predeterminable temperature threshold to the other short circuit mode is exceeded.
- a required switching frequency may also be e.g. be determined by counting a number of zero crossings of at least one of the phase currents of the electric machine and the switching frequency is predetermined in dependence on the number of zero crossings. Specifically, it can be switched between the two short-circuit mode, as soon as a predetermined number of zero crossings is reached. It makes use of the fact that the phase current oscillates at an active short circuit around the zero point.
- the application of the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention is basically useful and advantageous in all operating phases, in which the electric machine is operated in a short circuit mode.
- this includes cases of failure and operating phases in which the electrical machine is not actively controlled by the inverter.
- a first control unit controls the inverter in normal operation and a second control unit controls the inverter in case of failure.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a three-phase electrical machine 1, which may be designed, for example, as a synchronous, asynchronous or reluctance machine, with a pulse-controlled inverter 2 connected thereto.
- the pulse-controlled inverter 2 comprises switching elements 3a-3f in the form of
- Power switches which are connected to individual phases U, V, W of the electric machine 1 and the phases U, V, W switch either against a high supply voltage potential T + or a low supply voltage potential T-.
- the switching elements 3a-3c which are connected to the high supply voltage potential T + are also referred to as “high-side switches” and the switches 3d-3f connected to the low supply voltage potential T- are referred to as “low-side switches” and can be referred to, for example
- the pulse inverter 2 further comprises a plurality of freewheeling diodes 4 a - 4 f, each of which parallel to one of the
- Switching elements 3a-3f are arranged.
- the switching elements 3a and 3d, 3b and 3e and 3c and 3f each form a half-bridge 10a, 10b and 10f, which are each associated with one of the phases U, V, W of the electric machine 1.
- the pulse-controlled inverter 2 determines the power and operating mode of the electric machine 1 and is controlled by a first control circuit (shown only schematically). unit 5, which may also be integrated into the inverter 2, driven accordingly.
- the electric machine 1 can be operated either in the engine or generator mode.
- a so-called DC link capacitor 6 is arranged, which can also be integrated into the pulse inverter 2 and which essentially serves to stabilize a voltage of an energy store, so for example a battery voltage.
- the electric machine 1 is designed in the illustrated embodiment, three-phase, but may also have fewer or more than three phases.
- the pulse-controlled inverter 2 triggered by a second control unit 7, automatically switches the electric machine 1 into a first short-circuit mode in order to damage the electric machine 1 or voltage-sensitive components avoid.
- the first short-circuit mode all high-side switches 3a-3c of the pulse-controlled inverter 2 are closed and all low-side switches 3d-3f of the pulse-controlled inverter 2 are opened.
- a second short-circuit mode in which all the high-side switches 3a-3c of the Pulse inverter 2 open and all low-side switches 3d-3f of the pulse inverter 2 are closed.
- the second control unit 7 then controls the pulse-controlled inverter 2 so that it alternately switches the electric machine 1 into a first short-circuit mode and into a second short-circuit mode. In this respect, of course, initially also be switched to the second short-circuit mode.
- the switching frequency is predetermined by the second control unit 7 as a function of the current load of the electrical components to be protected. To determine the current load and thus the thermal load phase currents using a sensor in the form of current sensors 1 1 -U, 1 1-V and 11-W are detected. In the second control unit 7 then zero throughputs of the phase currents or at least one phase current and initiating a change of the short circuit mode as soon as the number of zero crossings reaches a predetermined threshold value.
- the temperature at the electrical components to be protected can also be measured.
- a change of the short-circuit mode can then be initiated as soon as a predeterminable temperature threshold is exceeded.
- the second control unit 7 is realized separately from the first control unit 5, which controls the pulse inverter 2 in normal operation. In principle, the second control unit 7 can also be integrated into the first control unit 5.
- the first control unit 5 controls the pulse-controlled inverter 2 in such a way that it switches the electric machine 1 alternately into the first short-circuit mode and into a second short-circuit mode.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour faire fonctionner un une machine électrique (1) commandée par un onduleur (2) en cas de perturbation, selon lequel un mode de court-circuit pour la machine électrique (1) est réalisé de la manière suivante : la machine électrique (1) est commutée alternativement dans un premier mode de court-circuit et dans un deuxième mode de court-circuit par une unité de commande (5; 7). Dans le premier mode de court-circuit, tous les éléments de commutation (3a-3c) de l'onduleur (2) raccordés à un potentiel de tension d'alimentation (T+) élevé sont fermés et tous les éléments de commutation (3d-3f) de l'onduleur (2) raccordés à un faible potentiel de tension d'alimentation (T-) sont ouverts et, dans le deuxième mode de court-circuit, tous les éléments de commutation (3a-3c) de l'onduleur (2) raccordés à un potentiel de tension d'alimentation (T+) élevé sont ouverts et tous les éléments de commutation (3d-3f) de l'onduleur (2) raccordés à un faible potentiel de tension d'alimentation (T-) sont fermés.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102010062334.2 | 2010-12-02 | ||
DE102010062334A DE102010062334A1 (de) | 2010-12-02 | 2010-12-02 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer durch einen Wechselrichter gesteuerten elektrischen Maschine im Falle einer Störung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012072311A1 true WO2012072311A1 (fr) | 2012-06-07 |
Family
ID=44719989
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2011/067036 WO2012072311A1 (fr) | 2010-12-02 | 2011-09-29 | Procédé et dispositif pour faire fonctionner une machine électrique commandée par un onduleur en cas de perturbation |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE102010062334A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2012072311A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9093929B2 (en) | 2012-12-17 | 2015-07-28 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Circuit arrangements and methods for operating an electrical machine |
JP2020537861A (ja) * | 2017-10-12 | 2020-12-24 | ツェットエフ、フリードリッヒスハーフェン、アクチエンゲゼルシャフトZf Friedrichshafen Ag | 電気機械の安全な状態 |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102014214639A1 (de) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-01-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer zumindest generatorisch betreibbaren elektrischen Maschine und Mittel zu dessen Implementierung |
DE102015208302A1 (de) | 2014-07-25 | 2016-01-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer zumindest generatorisch betreibbaren elektrischen Maschine und Mittel zu dessen Implementierung |
DE102018209243A1 (de) | 2018-06-11 | 2019-12-12 | Audi Ag | Antriebssystem für ein Fahrzeug |
DE102019218881A1 (de) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-06-10 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Verfahren zum Abschalten einer durch einen Wechselrichter angesteuerten elektrischen Maschine im Falle einer Störung |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1655829A2 (fr) * | 2004-11-04 | 2006-05-10 | Diehl AKO Stiftung & Co. KG | Circuit et procédé pour le contrôle d'un moteur électrique, en praticulier d'une machine à laver |
DE102006003254A1 (de) | 2006-01-24 | 2007-07-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Abschalten einer elektrischen Maschine im Falle einer Störung |
US20080116840A1 (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2008-05-22 | Brian Welchko | Pwm pattern sequence to reduce losses in voltage source inverters |
KR100887843B1 (ko) * | 2007-10-04 | 2009-03-09 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 하이브리드 차량용 인버터의 캐패시터 보호 방법 |
-
2010
- 2010-12-02 DE DE102010062334A patent/DE102010062334A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-09-29 WO PCT/EP2011/067036 patent/WO2012072311A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1655829A2 (fr) * | 2004-11-04 | 2006-05-10 | Diehl AKO Stiftung & Co. KG | Circuit et procédé pour le contrôle d'un moteur électrique, en praticulier d'une machine à laver |
DE102006003254A1 (de) | 2006-01-24 | 2007-07-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Abschalten einer elektrischen Maschine im Falle einer Störung |
US20080116840A1 (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2008-05-22 | Brian Welchko | Pwm pattern sequence to reduce losses in voltage source inverters |
KR100887843B1 (ko) * | 2007-10-04 | 2009-03-09 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 하이브리드 차량용 인버터의 캐패시터 보호 방법 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9093929B2 (en) | 2012-12-17 | 2015-07-28 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Circuit arrangements and methods for operating an electrical machine |
JP2020537861A (ja) * | 2017-10-12 | 2020-12-24 | ツェットエフ、フリードリッヒスハーフェン、アクチエンゲゼルシャフトZf Friedrichshafen Ag | 電気機械の安全な状態 |
JP7189946B2 (ja) | 2017-10-12 | 2022-12-14 | ツェットエフ、フリードリッヒスハーフェン、アクチエンゲゼルシャフト | 電気機械の安全な状態 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102010062334A1 (de) | 2012-06-06 |
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