WO2012065897A2 - Device and method for protecting a charging cable serving to charge electric vehicles - Google Patents

Device and method for protecting a charging cable serving to charge electric vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012065897A2
WO2012065897A2 PCT/EP2011/069805 EP2011069805W WO2012065897A2 WO 2012065897 A2 WO2012065897 A2 WO 2012065897A2 EP 2011069805 W EP2011069805 W EP 2011069805W WO 2012065897 A2 WO2012065897 A2 WO 2012065897A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging
charging cable
current
carrying capacity
resistance
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/069805
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2012065897A3 (en
Inventor
Steffen Göbel
Boris Kuschel
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2012065897A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012065897A2/en
Publication of WO2012065897A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012065897A3/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/16—Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/18—Cables specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a loading cable for charging electric vehicles, which has at least one phase conductor and a first control line whose voltage level is a measure of the current carrying capacity of the at least one phase conductor.
  • Such charging cables are known from the standard IEC61851, which describes the vehicle interface for charging electric vehicles. It is problematic with this charging system that several maximum current intensities are defined for a plug-in system. Consequently, in the power supply one of the different current carrying capacity of the charging cable adapted line protection must be realized. Normally, the charging cables have currents of 13A, 20A, 32A and 63A. If the line protection in the power supply designed for a current intensity which is higher than the Stromtragfä ⁇ capability of the underlying charging cable, it can lead to a thermal overload, which may result in melting or burning of parts of the charging cable. According to IEC61851, the charging cable is also equipped with two Pilot and PlugPresent control cables in addition to the load cables.
  • the charging station detects the current carrying capacity of the charging cable via the voltage level of the PlugPresent control cable.
  • the voltage ⁇ level is this tapped at a voltage divider having in addition a fixed resistor in the charging station according to the standard of a fixed resistor in the charging cable having a resistance of 1,500, 680, 220 or 100 ohms depending on whether the current carrying capacity of the charging cable 13, 20, 32 or 63A be ⁇ contributes.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device and a method for protecting a charging cable of the type mentioned above for charging electric vehicles, which simply or simply provides thermal protection of the charging cable against damage due to current overload in connection with the ambient temperature allows.
  • the object is achieved on the one hand by a device having the features of claim 1.
  • the voltage level is tapped off on an ohmic voltage divider which has a first fixed resistor with a constant resistance value located outside the charging cable and a resistance network in the charging cable whose resistance value can be changed as a function of the temperature.
  • the amount of the charging current is variable depending on the current carrying capacity measured by voltage tap.
  • a thermal PTC thermistor is particularly suitable as a thermal resistor, the characteristic of which measures the resistance values and current carrying capacities specified in the IEC61851 standard in accordance with the temperature in the charging cable.
  • the resistance network according to claim 3 has a plurality of further fixed resistors, the temperature-dependent in series and / or parallel are connected in such a way that the voltage level for Abbil ⁇ tion of the temperature-dependent current carrying capacity is appropriately stepped stepped.
  • a further advantageous embodiment is when the device according to claim 5 is designed in such a way that, when a first threshold value for the clamping voltage is exceeded, voltage level shuts off the charging current. Conversely particularly high to ambient temperatures ⁇ require an immediate shutdown of the charging current to protect the charging cable if eg despite previous reduction of the charging current increases the temperature of the charging cable.
  • the device according to claim 6 is designed such that it automatically restarts the charging current when it falls below a second, below the first threshold for the voltage level.
  • the charging cable having a second control line via which the charging station the vehicle indicates the height of the charging current and when provided in the charging ⁇ column means that the pre via the signal ⁇ added amount of the charging current to the respective by voltage ⁇ thumbed adjust measured current-carrying capacity.
  • the charging cable can be charged with a temperature-controlled charging current without thermal damage.
  • the voltage level at an ohmiciststei ⁇ ler is tapped, which has an out of the charging cable first fixed resistor having a constant resistance value and a resistance network in the charging cable, the resistance of which is temperature dependent variable.
  • the amount of charging current is changed depending on the current carrying capacity measured by voltage tap.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. Show it:
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a voltage divider of a device according to the invention for protecting a charging cable for charging electric vehicles and FIG
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a voltage divider of a device according to the invention for protecting a charge for charging electric vehicles charging cable.
  • FIG. 1 shows a voltage divider 1 of the device according to the invention for protecting a charging cable for charging electric vehicles.
  • Such charging cables are known from the standard IEC61851, which describes the vehicle interface for charging electric vehicles. In this charging system is problematic that several maximum currents are defined for a plug-in system. Consequently, in the power supply one of the different current carrying capacity of the charging cable adapted line protection must be realized. Normally, the charging cables have currents of 13A, 20A, 32A and 63A. If the line protection in the power supply designed for a current intensity which is higher than the Stromtragfä ⁇ capability of the underlying charging cable, it can lead to a thermal overload, which may result in melting or burning of parts of the charging cable. According to the standard IEC61851, the charging cable is also equipped with a first control cable PlugPresent and a second pilot control cable in addition to the load cables.
  • the charging station detects the current carrying capacity of the charging cable via the voltage level of the first control cable PlugPresent.
  • the voltage level V s is this tapped at a voltage divider 1 comprising in addition to a first fixed resistor 2 in the charging station according to the standard a second fixed resistor 3 in Ladeka ⁇ bel.
  • the charging station evaluates the voltage level and has means to set the charge current for the vehicle according to the measured temperature-dependent current carrying capacity of the charging cable. This is done by loading a pilot recorded second control line, which transmits a charge in the column it ⁇ zeugtes PWM (pulse width modulation) signal with the nominal specification for the charging current to the vehicle.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • FIG 2 shows a voltage divider 1 of the device according to the invention similar to that of FIG 1, but in addition to the fixed resistor 2 in the charging station, a resistor network is provided with several fixed resistors 5 in the charging cable.
  • the fixed resistors 5 are connected in parallel here and each have one of the resistance values defined in accordance with standards, ie 680, 220 or 100 ohms.
  • standards ie 680, 220 or 100 ohms.
  • Wei ⁇ se the voltage level V s at the first control line and since ⁇ with the predetermined current carrying capacity of the charging cable in stages ⁇ to adapt to temperature changes.
  • the switching can be done depending on the temperature of a microcontroller, the corresponding switch in the resistor network for Switching on and off controls.
  • a simple solution with one or more thermal switches, such as bimetallic switches would be conceivable.
  • the temperature-dependent current carrying capacity ⁇ ness of the charging cable due to the voltage level U s is determined on the first control line. According to the execution ⁇ example of Figure 1, in turn, can he testified ⁇ in the charging station and transmitted via the second control line by which the maximum charging current is preset PWM signal to be adapted to changes in the current-carrying capacity of the charging cable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) and to a method for protecting a charging cable (2) serving to charge electric vehicles. The charging cable comprises at least one phase conductor and a first control line, the voltage level (Us) of which serves as a measure of the current-carrying capacity of the at least one phase conductor, wherein the voltage level (Us) is tapped at an ohmic voltage divider (1). The ohmic voltage divider comprises a first fixed resistor (2) lying outside the charging cable and having a constant resistance value, and comprises a resistance network in the charging cable, wherein the resistance value of said resistance can be changed in dependence on temperature. The level of the charging current can be changed in dependence on the current-carrying capacity measured by voltage tapping.

Description

Beschreibung description
Einrichtung und Verfahren zum Schutz eines zum Laden von Elektrofahrzeugen dienenden Ladekabels Device and method for protecting a charging cable for charging electric vehicles
Die Erfindung betrifft ein zum Laden von Elektrofahrzeugen dienendes Ladekabel, das mindestens einen Phasenleiter und eine erste Steuerleitung aufweist, deren Spannungspegel ein Maß für die Stromtragfähigkeit des mindestens einen Phasen- leiters ist. The invention relates to a loading cable for charging electric vehicles, which has at least one phase conductor and a first control line whose voltage level is a measure of the current carrying capacity of the at least one phase conductor.
Derartige Ladekabel sind aus der Norm IEC61851 bekannt, in der die Fahrzeugschnittstelle für das Laden von Elektrofahr- zeugen beschrieben ist. Bei diesem Ladesystem ist problema- tisch, dass mehrere maximale Stromstärken für ein Stecksystem definiert sind. Demzufolge muss in der Stromeinspeisung ein der unterschiedlichen Stromtragfähigkeit des Ladekabels ange- passter Leitungsschutz realisiert werden. Normgemäß sind für die Ladekabel Stromstärken von 13A, 20A, 32A und 63A defi- niert. Ist der Leitungsschutz in der Stromeinspeisung für eine Stromstärke ausgelegt, die höher ist als die Stromtragfä¬ higkeit des dahinterliegenden Ladekabels, kann es zu einer thermischen Überlastung kommen, die zum Schmelzen oder zum Brand von Teilen des Ladekabels führen kann. Nach IEC61851 ist das Ladekabel neben den Lastleitungen auch noch mit zwei Steuerleitungen Pilot und PlugPresent ausgestattet. Über Pi¬ lot wird von der Ladesäule ein maximaler Ladestrom vorgegeben und vom Fahrzeug der Ladezustand zurückgeliefert. Über den Spannungspegel der Steuerleitung PlugPresent erkennt die La- desäule die Stromtragfähigkeit des Ladekabels. Der Spannungs¬ pegel wird hierzu an einem Spannungsteiler abgegriffen, der neben einem Festwiderstand in der Ladesäule normgemäß einen fixen Widerstand im Ladekabel mit einem Widerstandswert von 1.500, 680, 220 oder 100 Ohm aufweist je nach dem, ob die Stromtragfähigkeit des Ladekabels 13, 20, 32 oder 63A be¬ trägt . Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Einrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Schutz eines zum Laden von Elektrofahr- zeugen dienenden Ladekabels der oben genannten Art anzugeben, die bzw. das auf einfache Weise einen thermischen Schutz des Ladekabels gegen Schäden durch Stromüberlastung in Verbindung mit der Umgebungstemperatur ermöglicht. Such charging cables are known from the standard IEC61851, which describes the vehicle interface for charging electric vehicles. It is problematic with this charging system that several maximum current intensities are defined for a plug-in system. Consequently, in the power supply one of the different current carrying capacity of the charging cable adapted line protection must be realized. Normally, the charging cables have currents of 13A, 20A, 32A and 63A. If the line protection in the power supply designed for a current intensity which is higher than the Stromtragfä ¬ capability of the underlying charging cable, it can lead to a thermal overload, which may result in melting or burning of parts of the charging cable. According to IEC61851, the charging cable is also equipped with two Pilot and PlugPresent control cables in addition to the load cables. About Pi ¬ lot is specified by the charging station, a maximum charging current and the vehicle returns the state of charge. The charging station detects the current carrying capacity of the charging cable via the voltage level of the PlugPresent control cable. The voltage ¬ level is this tapped at a voltage divider having in addition a fixed resistor in the charging station according to the standard of a fixed resistor in the charging cable having a resistance of 1,500, 680, 220 or 100 ohms depending on whether the current carrying capacity of the charging cable 13, 20, 32 or 63A be ¬ contributes. The object of the invention is to provide a device and a method for protecting a charging cable of the type mentioned above for charging electric vehicles, which simply or simply provides thermal protection of the charging cable against damage due to current overload in connection with the ambient temperature allows.
Die Aufgabe wird zum einen durch eine Einrichtung mit den Merkmalen nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Dabei ist der Spannungspe- gel an einem ohmschen Spannungsteiler abgegriffen, der einen außerhalb des Ladekabels liegenden ersten Festwiderstand mit konstantem Widerstandswert und ein Widerstandsnetzwerk im Ladekabel aufweist, dessen Widerstandswert temperaturabhängig veränderbar ist. Die Höhe des Ladestroms ist abhängig von der durch Spannungsabgriff gemessenen Stromtragfähigkeit veränderbar . The object is achieved on the one hand by a device having the features of claim 1. In this case, the voltage level is tapped off on an ohmic voltage divider which has a first fixed resistor with a constant resistance value located outside the charging cable and a resistance network in the charging cable whose resistance value can be changed as a function of the temperature. The amount of the charging current is variable depending on the current carrying capacity measured by voltage tap.
Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung besteht, wenn das Widerstandsnetzwerk gemäß Anspruch 2 einen zweiten Fest- widerstand mit einem der Stromtragfähigkeit standardmäßig entsprechenden Widerstandswert und einen dazu in Reihe ge¬ schalteten thermischen Widerstand aufweist. An advantageous development of the invention is when the resistance network according to claim 2, a second fixed resistor having a current carrying capacity by default corresponding resistance and to a series ge ¬ switched thermal resistance.
Als thermischer Widerstand eignet sich besonders ein thermi- scher Kaltleiter, dessen Kennlinie den in der Norm IEC61851 vorgegebenen Widerstandswerten und Stromtragfähigkeiten entsprechend der Temperatur im Ladekabel erfasst. A thermal PTC thermistor is particularly suitable as a thermal resistor, the characteristic of which measures the resistance values and current carrying capacities specified in the IEC61851 standard in accordance with the temperature in the charging cable.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es außerdem, wenn das Widerstands- netzwerk gemäß Anspruch 3 mehrere weitere Festwiderstände aufweist, die temperaturabhängig in Reihe und/oder parallel derart verschaltbar sind, dass der Spannungspegel zur Abbil¬ dung der temperaturabhängigen Stromtragfähigkeit entsprechend gestuft anpassbar ist. It is also particularly advantageous if the resistance network according to claim 3 has a plurality of further fixed resistors, the temperature-dependent in series and / or parallel are connected in such a way that the voltage level for Abbil ¬ tion of the temperature-dependent current carrying capacity is appropriately stepped stepped.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Aus führungs form besteht, wenn die Einrichtung gemäß Anspruch 5 derart ausgeführt ist, dass sie bei Überschreiten eines ersten Schwellwerts für den Span- nungspegel den Ladestrom abschaltet. Besonders hohe Umge¬ bungstemperaturen können eine sofortige Abschaltung des Ladestroms zum Schutz des Ladekabels erfordern, wenn z.B. trotz vorheriger Reduzierung des Ladestroms die Temperatur des Ladekabels ansteigt. A further advantageous embodiment is when the device according to claim 5 is designed in such a way that, when a first threshold value for the clamping voltage is exceeded, voltage level shuts off the charging current. Conversely particularly high to ambient temperatures ¬ require an immediate shutdown of the charging current to protect the charging cable if eg despite previous reduction of the charging current increases the temperature of the charging cable.
Sinkt aber die Temperatur des Ladekabels nach einer Abschal¬ tung des Ladestroms, kann das Ladekabel wieder mit Strom be¬ lastet werden. In diesem Fall ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Einrichtung gemäß Anspruch 6 derart ausgeführt ist, dass sie bei Unterschreiten eines zweiten, unter dem ersten liegenden Schwellwerts für den Spannungspegel den Ladestrom automatisch wiedereinschaltet . But drops the temperature of the charging cable after a Abschal ¬ tion of the charging current, the charging cable can be charged with electricity be ¬ again. In this case, it is advantageous if the device according to claim 6 is designed such that it automatically restarts the charging current when it falls below a second, below the first threshold for the voltage level.
Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, wenn das Ladekabel eine zweite Steuerleitung aufweist, über die die Ladesäule dem Fahrzeug die Höhe des Ladestroms signalisiert, und wenn in der Lade¬ säule Mittel vorgesehen sind, die die über das Signal vorge¬ gebene Höhe des Ladestroms an die jeweilige durch Spannungs¬ abgriff gemessene Stromtragfähigkeit anpassen. Auf einfache Weise kann somit das Ladekabel mit einem temperaturgesteuerten Ladestrom ohne thermische Schädigung belastet werden. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the charging cable having a second control line via which the charging station the vehicle indicates the height of the charging current, and when provided in the charging ¬ column means that the pre via the signal ¬ added amount of the charging current to the respective by voltage ¬ thumbed adjust measured current-carrying capacity. In a simple way, thus, the charging cable can be charged with a temperature-controlled charging current without thermal damage.
Die weitere, oben genannte Aufgabe wird zum anderen durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen nach Anspruch 10 gelöst. The further object mentioned above is achieved, on the other hand, by a method having the features of claim 10.
Dabei wird der Spannungspegel an einem ohmschen Spannungstei¬ ler abgegriffen, der einen außerhalb des Ladekabels liegenden ersten Festwiderstand mit konstantem Widerstandswert und ein Widerstandsnetzwerk im Ladekabel aufweist, dessen Widerstandswert temperaturabhängig veränderbar ist. Die Höhe des Ladestroms wird abhängig von der durch Spannungsabgriff gemessenen Stromtragfähigkeit verändert. In this case, the voltage level at an ohmic Spannungstei ¬ ler is tapped, which has an out of the charging cable first fixed resistor having a constant resistance value and a resistance network in the charging cable, the resistance of which is temperature dependent variable. The amount of charging current is changed depending on the current carrying capacity measured by voltage tap.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des Verfahrens sind den Unteran¬ sprüchen 11 und 12 zu entnehmen. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen: Advantageous developments of the method are given in the Unteran ¬ a reflection 11 and 12. FIG. An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. Show it:
FIG 1 eine erste Ausführung eines Spannungsteilers einer er¬ findungsgemäßen Einrichtung zum Schutz eines zum Laden von Elektrofahrzeugen dienenden Ladekabels und1 shows a first embodiment of a voltage divider of a device according to the invention for protecting a charging cable for charging electric vehicles and FIG
FIG 2 eine zweite Ausführung eines Spannungsteilers einer erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung zum Schutz eines zum Laden von Elektrofahrzeugen dienenden Ladekabels. 2 shows a second embodiment of a voltage divider of a device according to the invention for protecting a charge for charging electric vehicles charging cable.
In FIG 1 ist ein Spannungsteiler 1 der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung zum Schutz eines zum Laden von Elektrofahrzeugen dienenden Ladekabels dargestellt. 1 shows a voltage divider 1 of the device according to the invention for protecting a charging cable for charging electric vehicles.
Derartige Ladekabel sind aus der Norm IEC61851 bekannt, in der die Fahrzeugschnittstelle für das Laden von Elektrofahr- zeugen beschrieben ist. Bei diesem Ladesystem ist problematisch, dass mehrere maximale Stromstärken für ein Stecksystem definiert sind. Demzufolge muss in der Stromeinspeisung ein der unterschiedlichen Stromtragfähigkeit des Ladekabels ange- passter Leitungsschutz realisiert werden. Normgemäß sind für die Ladekabel Stromstärken von 13A, 20A, 32A und 63A definiert. Ist der Leitungsschutz in der Stromeinspeisung für eine Stromstärke ausgelegt, die höher ist als die Stromtragfä¬ higkeit des dahinterliegenden Ladekabels, kann es zu einer thermischen Überlastung kommen, die zum Schmelzen oder zum Brand von Teilen des Ladekabels führen kann. Nach der Norm IEC61851 ist das Ladekabel neben den Lastleitungen auch noch mit einer ersten Steuerleitung PlugPresent und einer zweiten Steuerleitung Pilot ausgestattet. Über die zweite Steuerlei¬ tung Pilot wird von der Ladesäule ein maximaler Ladestrom vorgegeben und vom Fahrzeug der Ladezustand zurückgeliefert. Über den Spannungspegel der ersten Steuerleitung PlugPresent erkennt die Ladesäule die Stromtragfähigkeit des Ladekabels. Der Spannungspegel Us wird hierzu an einem Spannungsteiler 1 abgegriffen, der neben einem ersten Festwiderstand 2 in der Ladesäule normgemäß einen zweiten Festwiderstand 3 im Ladeka¬ bel aufweist. Dabei gelten für die Widerstandswerte des zwei- ten Festwiderstands 3 und die Stromtragfähigkeit des Ladeka¬ bels folgende Zuordnungen: Such charging cables are known from the standard IEC61851, which describes the vehicle interface for charging electric vehicles. In this charging system is problematic that several maximum currents are defined for a plug-in system. Consequently, in the power supply one of the different current carrying capacity of the charging cable adapted line protection must be realized. Normally, the charging cables have currents of 13A, 20A, 32A and 63A. If the line protection in the power supply designed for a current intensity which is higher than the Stromtragfä ¬ capability of the underlying charging cable, it can lead to a thermal overload, which may result in melting or burning of parts of the charging cable. According to the standard IEC61851, the charging cable is also equipped with a first control cable PlugPresent and a second pilot control cable in addition to the load cables. About the second Steuerlei ¬ tion pilot is set by the charging station, a maximum charging current and the vehicle returns the state of charge. The charging station detects the current carrying capacity of the charging cable via the voltage level of the first control cable PlugPresent. The voltage level V s is this tapped at a voltage divider 1 comprising in addition to a first fixed resistor 2 in the charging station according to the standard a second fixed resistor 3 in Ladeka ¬ bel. In this case, the resistance values of the Fixed resistance 3 and the current carrying capacity of the Ladeka ¬ lever following assignments:
13A 1.500 Ohm 13A 1,500 ohms
20A 680 Ohm  20A 680 ohms
32A 220 Ohm  32A 220 ohms
64A 100 Ohm.  64A 100 ohms.
Aus dem Teilerverhältnis kann die so codierte Stromtragfähig keit ausgelesen werden. From the divider ratio, the so coded Stromtragfähig speed can be read.
Erfindungsgemäß wird zu dem zweiten Festwiderstand 3 ein Wi¬ derstand 4 mit thermisch veränderlichem Wert in Reihe geschaltet, der mit steigender Temperatur seinen Widerstands- wert entsprechend der Logik der oben angegebenen Kodierung erhöht. Die Ladesäule wertet den Spannungspegel aus und weist Mittel auf, um den Ladestrom für das Fahrzeug entsprechend der gemessenen temperaturabhängigen Stromtragfähigkeit des Ladekabels vorzugeben. Dies erfolgt über die als Pilot be- zeichnete zweite Steuerleitung, die ein in der Ladesäule er¬ zeugtes PWM ( Pulsweitenmodulation) -Signal mit der Sollvorgabe für den Ladestrom an das Fahrzeug überträgt. According to the invention 4 is switched with thermally variable value in series with the second fixed resistor 3, a Wi ¬ resistor, which increases with increasing temperature its resistance value according to the logic of the above coding. The charging station evaluates the voltage level and has means to set the charge current for the vehicle according to the measured temperature-dependent current carrying capacity of the charging cable. This is done by loading a pilot recorded second control line, which transmits a charge in the column it ¬ zeugtes PWM (pulse width modulation) signal with the nominal specification for the charging current to the vehicle.
FIG 2 zeigt einen Spannungsteiler 1 der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung ähnlich dem nach FIG 1, wobei aber neben dem Festwiderstand 2 in der Ladesäule ein Widerstandsnetzwerk mit mehreren Festwiderständen 5 im Ladekabel vorgesehen ist. Die Festwiderstände 5 sind hier parallel verschaltet und weisen jeweils einen der normgemäß definierten Widerstandswerte, d.h. 680, 220 bzw. 100 Ohm auf. Abhängig von der im Ladekabel gemessenen Temperatur kann der für den Spannungsteiler wirksame Widerstandswert durch Umschaltung von einem Festwiderstand 5 auf einen anderen verändert werden, um auf diese Wei¬ se den Spannungspegel Us auf der ersten Steuerleitung und da¬ mit die vorgegebene Stromtragfähigkeit des Ladekabels stufen¬ weise an Temperaturänderungen anzupassen. Dabei kann die Umschaltung temperaturabhängig von einem Mikrocontroller erfolgen, der entsprechende Schalter im Widerstandsnetzwerk zur Ein- und Ausschaltung ansteuert. Alternativ wäre auch eine einfache Lösung mit ein oder mehreren thermischen Schaltern, z.B. Bimetallschaltern denkbar. 2 shows a voltage divider 1 of the device according to the invention similar to that of FIG 1, but in addition to the fixed resistor 2 in the charging station, a resistor network is provided with several fixed resistors 5 in the charging cable. The fixed resistors 5 are connected in parallel here and each have one of the resistance values defined in accordance with standards, ie 680, 220 or 100 ohms. Depending on the measured in the charging cable temperature effective for the voltage divider resistance value by switching from a fixed resistor 5 can be changed to another, in order in this Wei ¬ se the voltage level V s at the first control line, and since ¬ with the predetermined current carrying capacity of the charging cable in stages ¬ to adapt to temperature changes. The switching can be done depending on the temperature of a microcontroller, the corresponding switch in the resistor network for Switching on and off controls. Alternatively, a simple solution with one or more thermal switches, such as bimetallic switches would be conceivable.
In der Ladesäule wird die temperaturabhängige Stromtragfähig¬ keit des Ladekabels aufgrund des Spannungspegels Us auf der ersten Steuerleitung ermittelt. Entsprechend dem Ausführungs¬ beispiel nach FIG 1 kann wiederum das in der Ladesäule er¬ zeugte und über die zweite Steuerleitung übertragene PWM- Signal, mit dem der maximale Ladestrom vorgegeben wird, an Veränderungen der Stromtragfähigkeit des Ladekabels angepasst werden . In the charging station, the temperature-dependent current carrying capacity ¬ ness of the charging cable due to the voltage level U s is determined on the first control line. According to the execution ¬ example of Figure 1, in turn, can he testified ¬ in the charging station and transmitted via the second control line by which the maximum charging current is preset PWM signal to be adapted to changes in the current-carrying capacity of the charging cable.
Im Übrigen kann mit einem Widerstandsnetzwerk bei entsprechender Ausgestaltung auch eine feinstufige Anpassung der Stromtragfähigkeit an die Temperatur im Ladekabel erreicht werden . Incidentally, with a resistor network with a corresponding configuration, a fine-level adaptation of the current carrying capacity to the temperature in the charging cable can be achieved.
Das zur Einrichtung korrespondierende erfindungsgemäße Ver¬ fahren zum Schutz eines zum Laden von Elektrofahrzeugen dienenden Ladekabels weist die aus den beiden oben beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen nach FIG 1 und 2 hervorgehenden entsprechenden Verfahrensschritte auf. Um Wiederholungen zu vermeiden, wird daher auf eine zusätzliche Beschreibung verzichtet . The corresponding to the device of the invention Ver ¬ drive for protecting a serving for charging electric vehicles charging cable, the described embodiments of the two above according to Figures 1 and 2 arising corresponding method steps. To avoid repetition, therefore, an additional description is omitted.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Einrichtung zum thermischen Schutz eines zum Laden von Elektrofahrzeugen dienenden Ladekabels, das mindestens einen Phasenleiter und eine erste Steuerleitung aufweist, deren Spannungspegel (Us) ein Maß für die Stromtragfähigkeit des mindestens einen Phasenleiters ist, wobei der Spannungspegel (Us) an einem ohmschen Spannungsteiler (1) abgegriffen ist, der einen außerhalb des Ladekabels liegenden ersten Festwi- derstand (2) mit konstantem Widerstandswert und ein Wider¬ standsnetzwerk im Ladekabel aufweist, dessen Widerstandswert temperaturabhängig veränderbar ist, und wobei die Höhe des Ladestroms abhängig von der durch Spannungsabgriff gemessenen Stromtragfähigkeit veränderbar ist. 1. A device for thermal protection of a charge for charging electric vehicles charging cable having at least one phase conductor and a first control line whose voltage level (U s ) is a measure of the current carrying capacity of the at least one phase conductor, wherein the voltage level (U s ) at a ohmic voltage divider (1) is tapped, which has a lying outside the charging cable first Festwi- resistance (2) with a constant resistance and a ¬ resistance network in the charging cable, the resistance value is temperature-dependent variable, and wherein the height of the charging current depending on the by voltage measured current carrying capacity is changeable.
2. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Widerstandsnetzwerk einen zweiten Festwiderstand (3) mit einem der Stromtragfähigkeit standardmäßig entsprechenden Wi¬ derstandswert und einen dazu in Reihe geschalteten thermi- sehen Widerstand (4) aufweist. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the resistance network has a second fixed resistor (3) with one of the current carrying capacity by default corresponding Wi ¬ resistance value and a series-connected thermal resistance to see (4).
3. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Widerstandsnetzwerk mehrere weitere Festwiderstände (5) aufweist, die temperaturabhängig in Reihe und/oder parallel derart verschaltbar sind, dass der Spannungspegel (Us) zur Abbildung der temperaturabhängigen Stromtragfähigkeit entsprechend gestuft anpassbar ist. 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the resistance network has a plurality of further fixed resistors (5) which are temperature-dependent in series and / or connected in parallel such that the voltage level (U s ) for mapping the temperature-dependent current carrying capacity is appropriately stepped.
4. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Festwiderstände (5) des Widerstandsnetzwerks jeweils ei¬ nen der im Standard IEC61851 definierten Widerstandswerte aufweisen . 4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the fixed resistors (5) of the resistor network each have ei ¬ NEN of the resistance values defined in the standard IEC61851.
5. Einrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, da- durch gekennzeichnet, dass sie derart ausgeführt ist, dass sie bei Überschreiten eines ersten Schwellwerts für den Spannungspegel (Us) den Ladestrom abschaltet. 5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, character- ized in that it is designed such that it shuts off the charging current when a first threshold value for the voltage level (U s ) is exceeded.
6. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie derart ausgeführt ist, dass sie bei Unterschreiten eines zweiten, unter dem ersten liegenden Schwellwerts für den Spannungspegel (Us) den Ladestrom automatisch wiedereinschal- tet . 6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that it is designed such that it automatically switches the charging current when falling below a second, below the first lying threshold value for the voltage level (U s ).
7. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur temperaturabhängigen Verschaltung der Festwiderstände des Widerstandsnetzwerks ein oder mehrere thermische Schalter vorgesehen sind. 7. Device according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that for the temperature-dependent interconnection of the fixed resistors of the resistor network one or more thermal switches are provided.
8. Einrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Festwiderstand (2) in einer Ladesäule angeordnet ist, mit der das Ladekabel beim Laden verbunden ist. 8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first fixed resistor (2) is arranged in a charging station, with which the charging cable is connected during charging.
9. Einrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ladekabel eine zweite Steuer¬ leitung aufweist, über das die Ladesäule dem Fahrzeug die Hö he des Ladestroms signalisiert, und dass in der Ladesäule Mittel vorgesehen sind, die die über das Signal vorgegebene Höhe des Ladestroms an die jeweilige durch Spannungsabgriff gemessene Stromtragfähigkeit anpassen. 9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the charging cable has a second control ¬ line, via which the charging station signals the height of the charging current to the vehicle, and that means are provided in the charging station, which predetermined by the signal Adjust the charging current level to the current carrying capacity measured by the voltage tap.
10. Verfahren zum thermischen Schutz eines zum Laden von Elektrofahrzeugen dienenden Ladekabels, das mindestens einen Phasenleiter und eine erste Steuerleitung aufweist, deren Spannungspegel (Us) ein Maß für die Stromtragfähigkeit des mindestens einen Phasenleiters ist, wobei der Spannungspegel (Us) an einem ohmschen Spannungsteiler (1) abgegriffen wird, der einen außerhalb des Ladekabels liegenden ersten Festwiderstand (2) mit konstantem Widerstandswert und ein Wider¬ standsnetzwerk im Ladekabel aufweist, dessen Widerstandswert temperaturabhängig veränderbar ist, und wobei die Höhe des Ladestroms abhängig von der durch Spannungsabgriff gemessenen Stromtragfähigkeit verändert wird. 10. A method for thermal protection of a charge for charging electric vehicles charging cable having at least one phase conductor and a first control line, the voltage level (U s ) is a measure of the current carrying capacity of the at least one phase conductor, wherein the voltage level (U s ) at a ohmic voltage divider (1) is tapped, which has a lying outside the charging cable first fixed resistor (2) with constant resistance and a ¬ resistance network in the charging cable, the resistance value is temperature-dependent variable, and wherein the height of the charging current depending on the current carrying capacity measured by voltage tap is changed.
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Widerstandsnetzwerk mehrere weitere Festwiderstände (5) aufweist, die temperaturabhängig in Reihe und/oder parallel derart verschaltet werden, dass der Spannungspegel (Us) zur Abbildung der temperaturabhängigen Stromtragfähigkeit entsprechend gestuft angepasst wird. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the resistance network has a plurality of further fixed resistors (5), the temperature-dependent in series and / or connected in parallel such that the voltage level (Us) is adapted to represent the temperature-dependent current carrying capacity correspondingly stepped.
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine über das Ladekabel mit dem Fahrzeug verbundene Ladesäule über eine zweite Steuerleitung des Ladekabels dem Fahrzeug die Höhe des Ladestroms signalisiert, und dass die über das Signal vorgegebene Höhe des Ladestroms an die jewei¬ lige durch Spannungsabgriff gemessene Stromtragfähigkeit an¬ gepasst wird. 12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that a connected via the charging cable to the vehicle charging station via a second control line of the charging cable signals the vehicle the height of the charging current, and that the signal predetermined by the height of the charging current to the jewei ¬ The current carrying capacity measured by voltage pickup is matched to.
PCT/EP2011/069805 2010-11-15 2011-11-10 Device and method for protecting a charging cable serving to charge electric vehicles WO2012065897A2 (en)

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