WO2012061992A1 - 一种滑扣生物可吸收支架及其应用 - Google Patents

一种滑扣生物可吸收支架及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012061992A1
WO2012061992A1 PCT/CN2010/078664 CN2010078664W WO2012061992A1 WO 2012061992 A1 WO2012061992 A1 WO 2012061992A1 CN 2010078664 W CN2010078664 W CN 2010078664W WO 2012061992 A1 WO2012061992 A1 WO 2012061992A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stent
bracket
lumen
stenosis
buckle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/078664
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙锟
孙康
冯其茂
Original Assignee
上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院 filed Critical 上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院
Priority to EP10859489.6A priority Critical patent/EP2638883A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2010/078664 priority patent/WO2012061992A1/zh
Priority to JP2013535239A priority patent/JP2014500048A/ja
Priority to US13/881,813 priority patent/US20130226277A1/en
Publication of WO2012061992A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012061992A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/04Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
    • A61F2/06Blood vessels
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/852Two or more distinct overlapping stents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/92Stents in the form of a rolled-up sheet expanding after insertion into the vessel, e.g. with a spiral shape in cross-section
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/04Macromolecular materials
    • A61L31/06Macromolecular materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/14Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L31/148Materials at least partially resorbable by the body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/95Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
    • A61F2/958Inflatable balloons for placing stents or stent-grafts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/848Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents having means for fixation to the vessel wall, e.g. barbs
    • A61F2002/8483Barbs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0004Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof bioabsorbable
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0076Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof multilayered, e.g. laminated structures
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0008Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body
    • A61F2220/0016Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body with sharp anchoring protrusions, e.g. barbs, pins, spikes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0058Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2250/0082Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for specially designed for children, e.g. having means for adjusting to their growth

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a medical device, and more particularly to a novel slider bioresorbable stent and use thereof. Background technique
  • Congenital heart disease (hereinafter referred to as congenital heart disease) is the most common cardiovascular disease in childhood, the incidence rate is 0.678% of live births, congenital pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein stenosis, body vein in infants with congenital heart disease
  • the stenosis of the aorta and its branches accounted for 7%-15% of all congenital heart disease, and the right ventricle-pulmonary artery artificial conduit (RV-PA tubing) stenosis, restenosis after pulmonary and pulmonary veins, and the body vein and
  • RV-PA tubing right ventricle-pulmonary artery artificial conduit
  • stent effectiveness means that the stent supports the blood vessel and should have sufficient radial strength. Because the blood vessels of infants and young children are in the stage of growth and development, the stents are required to be degradable to facilitate further growth and development of blood vessels. At the same time, the blood vessels of infants and young children are small, and the initial diameter of the stent is required to be small; the transportability and impermeability of X can make the stent easy to be transported to the stenotic lesion.
  • the stent After the stent is implanted, it supports the blood vessel wall in the early stage to prevent retraction. With the endothelialization of the stent and the reconstruction of the blood vessel wall in the later stage, the stent only needs temporary support.
  • Currently used blood vessel stents and the like are all made of metal. However, the size of the metal stent after implantation is not changed with the growth of the blood vessel, and it is easy to cause artificial stenosis due to the mismatch of the blood vessel size, and is particularly unsuitable for the pediatric vascular stent of a child having growth characteristics.
  • Metal stents also have the following defects: (1) long-term antiplatelet therapy is easy to form thrombus; (2) lifelong retention in the human body, affecting subsequent possible surgical treatment; (3) pseudo-presence during nuclear magnetic resonance and CT examination (4) It may change the geometry of the blood vessel to block the branch; (5) hinder the subsequent reconstruction and expansion of the lumen; (6) If the metal stent is not in close contact with the tube wall, a small gap remains after implantation. Therefore, if a biodegradable stent that is similar in performance to a metal stent and completely absorbed after its mission is completed, it can overcome the above weakness of the metal stent and open up a new world for the intervention of congenital heart disease.
  • bioresorbable stents in cardiovascular diseases has been studied at home and abroad.
  • the current research is mainly poly-L-lactic acid, poly-p-cyclohexanone and polycaprolactone. These materials have passed.
  • Igaki-Tamai stent, REVA in the design of bioresorbable stents Brackets and four-leaf structure brackets the common feature of these brackets is a complete cylindrical type before expansion, but there are problems, that is, the support force of all the brackets is insufficient, and the elastic contraction of the brackets is easy to occur, and the manufacturing process of the brackets is complicated.
  • the cost is high, and it is limited by support and the like, and cannot be widely applied to other stenosis diseases other than blood vessels.
  • Cispheral Patent Publication No. CN 101484195A discloses a "composite stent", which discloses a biodegradable or bioabsorbable multilayer or composite stent comprising a biocoated bioreactor Absorbable ceramic material.
  • composite stent discloses a biodegradable or bioabsorbable multilayer or composite stent comprising a biocoated bioreactor Absorbable ceramic material.
  • slider bioresorbable stent with strong support and ease of manufacture, and its use as a cardiovascular stent or lumen stent in cardiovascular or luminal stenosis has not been reported.
  • a new type of slider bioresorbable stent is used as a cardiovascular system stent or a lumen stent in cardiovascular or luminal stenosis.
  • the cardiovascular stenosis disease refers to coronary artery stenosis, carotid stenosis, renal artery stenosis, pulmonary artery and its branch stenosis, aortic and its branch stenosis or stenosis of the pulmonary vein.
  • the stenosis of the lumen refers to a disease of the trachea, esophagus, biliary tract, urethra or intestinal stenosis.
  • the bracket includes:
  • a flat stent body having a mesh structure
  • bracket head located at one end of the bracket body, the bracket head being integrally formed with the bracket body, the size of which is adapted to the bracket body, and the bracket head functions as a sliding buckle during the curling process of the bracket;
  • a bracket buckle is also integrally formed with the bracket body for fixing the bracket into a tubular bracket buckle during crimping of the bracket.
  • the scaffold material is polydioxanone (PD0), polylactic acid (PLA), polydioxanone (PD0), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyglycolic acid (PGA) or poly Hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) high molecular polymer.
  • the scaffold material is polydioxanone (PD0).
  • the stent further includes a delivery device, the delivery device comprising:
  • An outer cannula having a proximal end, a distal end, and a lumen extending between the ends;
  • An inner sheath having a proximal end, a distal end, and an inner lumen extending between the ends, the outer diameter of the inner sheath tube being adapted to be slidably inserted into the lumen of the outer cannula;
  • a balloon catheter having a proximal end, a distal end, and an inner lumen extending between the ends, the outer diameter of the balloon catheter Suitable for slidingly inserting into the lumen of the inner sheath tube, the distal end of the balloon catheter has a balloon, and a flaky integrated slider bracket can be placed on the balloon and delivered through the catheter into the narrow lumen .
  • a novel bio-absorbable stent comprising: a snap type, an edge slide type, an intermediate slide type and a double buckle type bracket, wherein
  • Double button brackets include:
  • a flat stent body having a mesh structure
  • bracket head located at one end of the bracket body, the bracket head being integrally formed with the bracket body, the size of which is adapted to the bracket body, and the bracket head functions as a sliding buckle during the curling process of the bracket;
  • bracket buckle also being integrally formed with the bracket body, comprising a tooth structure on both sides of the bracket body and a buckle of the bracket head of the bracket head, for fixing the bracket into the curling process of the bracket Tubular bracket buckle.
  • the new slider bioresorbable stent has good degradability and biocompatibility, and is more suitable for pediatric vascular stents. After implantation, there is no late stent thrombosis, so it is not necessary to take antiplatelet drugs for a long time. Affecting possible subsequent surgical procedures;
  • the stent is equipped with a delivery system, which reduces the difficulty of surgical operation;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a snap-type bracket of a novel slider bioresorbable stent of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an edge slider type bracket of a novel slider bioresorbable stent of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic view of an intermediate slider type bracket of a novel slider bioresorbable stent of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a double buckle type bracket of a novel slider bioresorbable stent of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a delivery system of a novel slider bioresorbable stent of the present invention.
  • bracket body 1.
  • bracket head 2.
  • the mesh tube bracket is obtained by using a stainless steel cylindrical mold.
  • the diameter of the mold is the same as the diameter of the required bracket, and a hole is evenly circled on the circumference of both ends of the mold, and the steel needle is inserted, and the number of the upper and lower steel needles is uniform and aligned with each other.
  • the PD0 fiber is woven back and forth on the mold. It is necessary to pay attention to the weaving order, and a cylinder which is interlaced and mutually constrained between the fibers and the fibers can be directly woven, and then heat set (90 ° C, 4 hours) to keep the same. The shape, braid density and fiber angle can be adjusted at will.
  • the Zigzag stent is obtained by heat-fixing a polymer fiber. On a piece of 3 hidden thick steel plate, use a wire cutting method to make a small hole, then insert a steel needle, fix the PD0 fiber into a sine wave shape with a steel needle, and then place it under suitable setting conditions, so that the fiber has Zigzag The shape has a shape memory effect. A plurality of fibers are bonded together according to the diameter of the stent to obtain a cylindrical stent.
  • the slide-type bracket is made of PD0 pellets by three-dimensional micro-jet free-formation technology.
  • the bracket is a sheet-like shape before implantation, and the shape includes a bracket body of the mesh structure and a bracket for lifting the buckle.
  • the head and the bracket buckle are composed.
  • the stent is crimped onto the balloon, and one end is inserted into the other end of the specially designed lock (similar to the "belt buckle") to form a cylindrical stent.
  • the stent expands as the balloon expands, and the stent is then buckled after the balloon is removed. , can no longer slide inward to maintain support.
  • an X-ray-proof metal mark is loaded in the middle of the mesh structure of the slide-type bracket.
  • the slider type bracket is divided into four types: a snap type, an edge slide type, an intermediate slide type and a double buckle type.
  • a bioabsorbable slider bracket As shown in Fig. 1, a bioabsorbable slider bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
  • the bracket comprises: a flat bracket body 1 and a bracket head 2 at one end of the body, the bracket head 2 includes a bracket buckle 22 and an outer frame 21, and a row of mesh holes 11 are arranged on the bracket body portion, and the mesh holes 11
  • the sizes can be the same or different. 5-3mmo ⁇
  • the size of the mesh 11 is 0. 5-3mmo
  • the mesh 11 can be any shape including a circle, an ellipse, a square, a rectangle, a triangle, a polygon, and the like. In one embodiment of the invention, the mesh 11 is circular.
  • the bracket buckle 22 is located near the head portion 2 of the bracket and includes 2-4 protruding buckles which together with the outer frame 21 constitute the slider device of the present invention. There may also be more raised buckles depending on the size of the desired bracket and the desired application.
  • the length of the protruding buckle is 0. 5-1 at an angle with respect to the plane of the bracket, usually 20-40 degrees. However, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that it can be any other angle.
  • the size of the outer frame 21 is adapted to the size of the bracket body 1, so that the inner protruding buckle can be strictly slid along the length of the sheet during the curling of the bracket to avoid misalignment.
  • the tabs of the protrusions can be arbitrarily inserted into any of the rows of meshes 11 during sliding, so that the sheets can be fixed into a tubular shape.
  • the bracket includes a flat bracket body 1 and a bracket head 2 at one end of the body.
  • the bracket head 2 includes an outer frame 21 sized to fit the bracket body 1 with a plurality of teeth 12 on either side of the bracket body 1.
  • the bracket includes a longitudinal axis Z extending parallel to the stent head 2 and a transverse axis X extending perpendicular to the stent head 2, as shown in FIG.
  • a row of mesh holes 11 are arranged on the bracket body 1 , and the mesh sizes may be the same or different.
  • the size of the mesh 11 is evenly distributed, for example, the size of the mesh 11 is 0. 5_3mm.
  • the mesh 11 can be any shape including a circle, an ellipse, a square, a rectangle, a triangle, a polygon, and the like. In one embodiment of the invention, the mesh 11 is circular.
  • the bracket buckles are represented as teeth 12 on both sides of the bracket body 1.
  • the bracket body 1 can pass through the outer frame 21 during the curling of the bracket, and the teeth 12 on both sides can be configured along Both edges of the outer frame 21 slide. During the sliding process, the teeth 12 engage the outer frame 21 to enable the sheet to be fixed into a tubular shape.
  • the teeth 12 have a size of 0.1. All of the teeth 12 extend away from the head of the stent at an angle relative to the transverse axis of the stent, such as 30-60 degrees. In one embodiment of the invention, the teeth 12 are at an angle of 30 degrees with respect to the transverse axis of the stent.
  • a bioabsorbable slider bracket As shown in Fig. 3, a bioabsorbable slider bracket according to still another embodiment of the present invention is shown.
  • the bracket includes a flat bracket body 1 and a bracket head 2 at one end of the body.
  • the bracket head 2 includes an outer frame 21 and a buckle structure 23 between the outer frames. Both ends of the buckle structure 23 are connected to the outer frame 21,
  • the bracket body 1 includes teeth 12 corresponding to the buckle structure 23, the teeth 12 extending away from the bracket head 2.
  • the bracket includes a longitudinal axis Z extending parallel to the bracket head 2 and a transverse axis X extending perpendicular to the bracket head 2.
  • a row of mesh holes 11 are arranged on the portion of the bracket body 1, and the sizes of the mesh holes 11 may be the same or different.
  • the size of the mesh 11 is 0. 5_3mm.
  • the mesh 11 can be any shape including a circle, an ellipse, a square, a rectangle, a triangle, a polygon, and the like. In one embodiment of the invention, the mesh 11 is circular.
  • Lmmo The tooth 12 is relative to the transverse axis of the bracket. In one embodiment, the length of the tooth 12 on the bracket body 1 is 0. lmmo. a certain angle Degree, for example, at an angle of 30-60 degrees. In one embodiment of the invention, the teeth 12 are at an angle of 30 degrees with respect to the transverse axis of the stent.
  • the teeth 12 are slid along the two sides of the buckle structure 23 in the outer frame 21 of the bracket head. During the sliding process, the teeth 12 are fastened to the buckle structure 23 in the outer frame 21, The sheet can be fixed into a tubular shape.
  • the bracket comprises: a flat bracket body 1 and a bracket head 2 at one end of the body, the bracket head 2 includes a bracket buckle 22 and an outer frame 21, and a row of mesh holes 11 are distributed on the bracket body 1 portion, and each mesh hole The size of the 11 can be the same or different, and the bracket body 1 has a plurality of teeth 12 on both sides.
  • the bracket buckle 22 is located near the head 2 of the bracket and includes 2-4 protruding buckles. These raised buckles and the teeth 12 on the bracket body together with the outer frame 21 constitute the slider device of the present invention.
  • the length of the protruding buckle is 0. 5-lmm, at an angle relative to the plane of the bracket, usually 20-40 degrees. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that it can be any other angle.
  • the size of the outer frame 21 is adapted to the size of the bracket body 1, so that the inner protruding buckle can be strictly slid along the length of the sheet during the curling process of the bracket to avoid misalignment.
  • the tabs of the projections can be arbitrarily inserted into any of the rows of meshes 11 during sliding, so that the sheets can be fixed into a tubular shape.
  • the teeth 12 on both sides of the bracket body 1 can pass through the outer frame 21 during the curling of the bracket, and the teeth 12 structure on both sides can slide along both edges of the outer frame 21. During the sliding process, the teeth 12 engage the outer frame 21 to enable the sheet to be fixed into a tubular shape.
  • the size of the teeth 12 is 0. All of the teeth 12 of the lmmo extend away from the head of the stent at an angle relative to the transverse axis X of the stent, for example 30-60 degrees. In one embodiment of the invention, the teeth 12 are at an angle of 30 degrees with respect to the transverse axis of the stent.
  • the double-buckle type bracket has both a buckle and an edge slider, which makes the bracket more supportive during use and ensures the bracket is buckled.
  • the bracket cannot be retracted after being fastened.
  • the stent is tightly rolled up and attached to the delivery device balloon. After reaching the designated site, the balloon expands to expand the stent sliding diameter, and the balloon is sucked back, and the pressure bracket is buckled by the blood vessel wall. Live, support the blood vessel wall.
  • test contents include: radial strength, stent surface coverage, stent axial shrinkage, and stent expansion rate.
  • the test results of the mechanical properties of the stent are shown in Table 1.
  • the radial strength of the self-expanding mesh tube stent and the Zigzag stent can not meet the clinical needs (generally 80-120Kpa), so it is not suitable for experiment.
  • the radial strength of the four balloon-expandable slide-type brackets is above 80Kpa, and the edge-slip-type bracket has reached the radial strength of the metal bracket; at the same time, the slider bracket has no axial contraction rate, which is superior to the metal bracket (5 %); but the expansion rate (29%) is slightly inferior to the metal stent (25%); surface coverage Significantly higher than metal brackets (20%)
  • the simulated artificial blood vessel was selected to have a diameter of 6 mm, and the ratio of the stent to the blood vessel was 1.3:1.
  • the balloon of the delivery system is sucked into a negative pressure by a pressure pump, the outer sheath tube is withdrawn, the four kinds of slider brackets are respectively wound and wound around the delivery system balloon, and then the outer sheath tube is pushed forward to the cone to wrap.
  • Stent insert the delivery system into the hose, 10atm*30 seconds to expand the release stent.
  • the evaluation criteria for successful deduction rate are: Success: After the balloon is removed, the stent buckle is stuck and supports the blood vessel; Failure: After the balloon is removed, the stent is not buckled, and the stent tip is curled inward. Failed to support the blood vessels.
  • the in vitro simulation results of four different slide-type stents are shown in Table 3.
  • the middle slide type, the edge slide type and the double buckle type bracket can be successfully buckled to support the blood vessel wall; however, the buckle type has one failure.
  • the four types of slide-type brackets have a very small acute elastic retraction rate (0.40 ⁇ 0.10%).
  • Vessel lumen diameter After the balloon is removed, the diameter of the vessel lumen at the stent is measured.
  • Acute elastic retraction rate of the stent (diameter when the stent is fully expanded - stent diameter after balloon removal) / diameter when the stent is fully expanded.
  • PDO snap-on brackets can be released under normal release pressure (10-14atm), the stent can be successfully buckled, no stent curls into the lumen; the stent basically maintains a preset lumen diameter, with very low acute Elastic retraction rate (0.5%). Prove that this bracket design operation is feasible.
  • PDO edge slide-type brackets can be released under normal release pressure (10-14atm), the stent can be successfully buckled, no stent curls into the lumen; the stent basically maintains the preset lumen diameter, which has extremely low Acute elastic retraction rate (0.3%). Prove that this bracket design operation is feasible.
  • PDO intermediate slide type brackets can be released under normal release pressure (10-16atm), the brackets can be successfully buckled, no brackets are curled into the lumen; the stent basically maintains the preset lumen diameter, which has extremely low Acute elastic retraction rate (0.43 %). Prove that this bracket design operation is feasible.
  • PDO double-buckle brackets can be released under normal release pressure (10-14atm), the stent can be successfully buckled, no stent curls into the lumen; the stent basically maintains a preset lumen diameter, with very low acute Elastic retraction rate (0.3%). Prove that this bracket design operation is feasible.
  • the design of the edge slider type bracket compensates for the shortage of the buckle type bracket, and the bracket can ensure the buckle, but the small teeth on both sides of the bracket should be designed to be fine and cannot affect the expansion of the bracket; however, the length of the bracket should ensure the maximum supporting force of the bracket is Premise, the downside is that it cannot be applied to long brackets.
  • the middle slider type bracket also compensates for the shortage of the edge slider bracket, which is similar to connecting the two edge slider brackets, both the edge slider and the middle slider. A stent suitable for long lesions.
  • the double-buckle type bracket has both a buckle and an edge slider, which makes the bracket more supportive during use and ensures that the bracket is buckled.
  • the PDO edge slider type bracket can be released under normal release pressure (10-14atm), the bracket can be successfully buckled, no bracket curls into the lumen; the stent basically maintains the preset lumen diameter, which has extremely low Acute elastic retraction rate (0.3%). Prove that this bracket design operation is feasible.
  • PCL Polycaprolactone
  • PCL edge slide-type brackets can be released under normal release pressure (l l-15atm), the stent can be successfully buckled, no stent curls into the lumen; the stent basically maintains a preset lumen diameter, which is extremely low The acute elastic retraction rate (0.35 %). Prove that this bracket design operation is feasible.
  • PGA edge slide-type brackets can be released under normal release pressure (ll-15atm), the stent can be successfully buckled, no stent curls into the lumen; the stent basically maintains a preset lumen diameter, with extremely low Acute elastic retraction rate (0.35 %). Prove that this bracket design operation is feasible.
  • PHB Polyhydroxybutyrate
  • the PHB edge slide-type bracket can be released under normal release pressure (l l-15atm), the stent can be successfully buckled, no stent curls into the lumen; the stent basically maintains the preset lumen diameter, which is extremely low The acute elastic retraction rate (0.35 %). Prove that this bracket design operation is feasible.
  • PLLA edge slide-type brackets can be released under normal release pressure (ll-15atm), the stent can be successfully buckled, no stent curls into the lumen; the stent basically maintains a preset lumen diameter, with extremely low Acute elastic retraction rate (0.35 %). Prove that this bracket design operation is feasible.
  • the in vitro simulated release of the edge-sliding type brackets of the five materials showed that the edge-sliding type brackets of the five materials can be released under the normal release pressure, and the stent can be successfully buckled without the stent curling into the lumen;
  • the pre-set lumen diameter is maintained substantially, with an extremely low acute elastic retraction rate.
  • the PDO edge slider type bracket has the lowest acute elastic retraction rate (0.3%), which is the best material for manufacturing the edge slider type bracket.
  • Cispheral Patent Publication No. CN 101484195A discloses a "composite stent", which discloses a biodegradable or bioabsorbable multilayer or composite stent comprising a biodegradable polymeric material (such as polylactic acid) PLA, polylactide and/or polyglycolic acid PGA, polyglycolide and/or polyglycolide PLGA) coated bioabsorbable ceramic materials (eg calcium phosphate, bioactive glass).
  • a biodegradable polymeric material such as polylactic acid) PLA, polylactide and/or polyglycolic acid PGA, polyglycolide and/or polyglycolide PLGA
  • bioabsorbable ceramic materials eg calcium phosphate, bioactive glass.
  • the disadvantage is that the composite materials of PLA and PLGA have a slow degradation rate, and the complete degradation time is more than 2 years. The degradation rate of PGA is too fast, and the degradation rate can be 70%-80% in 2 weeks. The support
  • the composite stent is made of various materials, and the number of stent layers is large.
  • the manufacturing process is more complicated; the composite bracket has fewer buckle designs, which limits the degree of curling of the composite bracket, thereby limiting the range of use of the bracket; the angle of the buckle is large, resulting in an increase in the resistance of the stent during the expansion process, and the release pressure is increased. Increase the risk of complications.
  • the bracket has only buckles at both ends, and there is no buckle in the middle. The support in the middle will be significantly reduced.
  • PDO double button bracket This bracket is made of polydioxanone (PDO). Its fibers have good physical and mechanical strength, chemical stability, biocompatibility and safety, biodegradability, and easy processing.
  • the surface of the PDO monofilament structure is smooth and round, which overcomes the shortcomings of the fabric which is easily damaged by the surface due to the large surface friction coefficient.
  • PDO has good compatibility, slight tissue reaction, no cell reaction, and is gradually absorbed by the body after 180 days, decomposed into carbon dioxide and water, and discharged from the body, safe and reliable. Due to the ether bond in the chain, the molecular chain is flexible, so it is suitable for making monofilament sutures of various sizes.
  • PDO tissue response caused by PDO is small, and it is degraded by hydrolysis in the body tissue, and the strength retention rate is large, which is particularly useful for suturing wounds with a long healing time.
  • PDO is considered to be a polymer which is very suitable for the production of stents.
  • the PDO double-buckle bracket is made by three-dimensional micro-jet free-formation technology.
  • the computer-aided design is used to make the pre-designed three-dimensional model according to the program. It is very precise and flexible. It can change the size of the bracket mesh and the bracket according to different requirements. The thickness and the length of the slider, etc., and the convenient loading of the drug, the manufacturing process is simple.
  • the size is lmm
  • the head of the bracket is an outer frame
  • the outer frame is provided with 2-5 buckles
  • the two sides of the bracket body are provided with snap teeth.
  • the snap-tooth size is 0.1mm and the angle is 30 degrees, facing away from the head of the bracket. Since the small teeth are uniformly distributed on both sides of the entire stent body, the stent can be reasonably adjusted according to the diameter of the implanted portion during use, and the application range is wide.
  • the angle of the snap teeth is small, reducing the resistance of the stent during expansion, and the release pressure is slightly smaller, reducing the risk of complications.
  • the buckle of the bracket head can be inserted into the mesh of the bracket during use, which can ensure a strong and uniform supporting force of the bracket.
  • the PDO double-buckle bracket is also equipped with a matching stent delivery system to make the procedure easier.
  • the delivery device consists of an outer cannula 3, an inner sheath 4 and a balloon catheter 5, the structure of which is shown in FIG.
  • the outer sleeve 3 has a proximal end, a distal end, and an inner lumen extending between the ends.
  • the inner sheath tube 4 also has a proximal end, a distal end and an inner cavity extending between the two ends.
  • the outer diameter of the inner sheath tube 4 is adapted to be slidably inserted into the outer sleeve 3 cavity, and the inner sheath tube 4 is longer than the outer sleeve 3. About 4-6cm.
  • the balloon catheter 5 also has a proximal end, a distal end and an inner lumen, the outer diameter of the balloon catheter 5 being adapted to be slidably inserted into the lumen of the inner sheath tube 4.
  • the distal end of the balloon catheter 5 is a cone 52 and a balloon 51.
  • the length and diameter of the balloon 51 can be selected according to the requirements of the stent.
  • a metal marker is placed on each end of the balloon 51 to aid in positioning of the stent.
  • the delivery device also includes two Y-adapters, one Y-adapter 41 disposed adjacent the inner sheath 4 and in communication with its lumen; and another Y-adapter 31 disposed at the proximal end of the outer cannula 3 in communication with its lumen.
  • the function of the two Y-type adapters is to inject and aspirate the desired fluid into the lumen during delivery of the slider bracket, respectively.
  • the stent By clamping the stent on the balloon 51, being fixed between the distal cone 52 of the balloon 51 and the proximal inner sheath 4, the stent can be prevented from being displaced; and the outer surface of the stent is sleeved in the outer sleeve 3, Prevent the outer layer of the stent from unfolding.
  • the stent-equipped delivery device is delivered along the guide wire to the stenotic vessel, and according to the metal marker on the balloon 51, after accurate positioning, the outer cannula 3 is withdrawn, and then the balloon is placed. 5 Inflated, the stent is then expanded and adhered to the inner wall of the narrow blood vessel. Then, the inner sheath tube 4 and the outer sleeve 3 are removed together to complete the stent implantation.
  • Anesthesia Fasting one day before surgery, ketamine 8-10mg/Kg intramuscular injection for anesthesia induction, atropine 0.02mg/Kg intramuscular injection, and then establish a venous access. Immediately after intravenous injection of 2 mg/Kg of succinylcholine chloride, the animals were given a tracheal intubation, ventilator assisted ventilation, and ECG monitoring. Fentanyl 2ug/Kg, ketamine 2mg/Kg and Wankesson 0.1mg/Kg were administered intermittently.
  • Intervention success rate refers to the successful expansion and release of the stent at the target site, no stent shedding, displacement, vascular tear, large out Other complications such as blood.
  • Complication rate refers to vascular tears, major bleeding, arterial perforation, death, etc. caused by stent and delivery system stents.
  • Target vessel diameter after stent implantation The computer measures the average value of the proximal, middle, and distal measurements of the stent.
  • Reference vessel diameter at both ends of the stent The reference vessel diameter at 0.5 cm outside the stent vessel was measured three times to obtain an average value, and the reference vessel diameters at both ends were added and averaged.
  • the experimental pigs were sacrificed 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after operation.
  • HE staining was performed on the two ends of the stent and the middle part and the margin of the stent.
  • the inflammatory reaction in the stent and the surrounding area, the growth of the granulation tissue, and the endothelium on the stent surface were observed. Growth, degradation of the scaffold, etc.
  • the stent was taken out together with 0.5 mm long vascular tissue at both ends to prepare specimens, and the degree of endothelialization of the stent was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Third, the results
  • the characteristics of the new slide fastener stent implantation are shown in Table 13.
  • the stent implantation success rate was 88.90%, the delivery system delivery success rate was 93.30%, and the complication rate was 11.10%.
  • Table 13 shows that there is no significant change in the diameter of the target vessel lumen after one month of stenting and immediately after implantation, ⁇ >0.05, no statistical significance; but the lumen diameter is lost at three months and six months after surgery. The lumen was reduced, compared with one month after implantation and one month after surgery, ⁇ 0.01, there was a statistically significant difference. However, there was no significant change in lumen diameter between the three months and six months after surgery, ⁇ >0.05, which was not statistically significant.
  • the bioabsorbable PDO stent has been covered by endothelial cells, the stent rod remains intact and rarely degraded; a small amount of inflammatory cells infiltrate around the stent, and the inflammatory cells are mainly lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils.
  • the surface of the bioabsorbable PDO scaffold is dense and mature, the scaffold rod structure is destroyed, and some of it has been degraded; there are still inflammatory cells around the scaffold rod, and the inflammatory cells are mainly composed of lymphocytes and eosinophils. Multi-foreign macrophages.
  • stent rods Six months after stenting: Most of the stent rods have been degraded; there are still a small number of inflammatory cells around the stent.
  • the inflammatory cells are mainly foreign body macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells.
  • the inflammatory cells gradually Reduced, the stent blood vessels gradually return to normal blood vessels.
  • the biodegradable PDO stent was implanted into the porcine iliac artery. Visual observation showed that the stent surface was covered with a thin endometrial covering at 1 month. At 3 months, the stent was covered by the neointimal. At 6 months, the stent surface was smooth. And shiny neointimal. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the stent had been sparsely covered by endothelial cells at one month. At 3 months, the endothelial cells had been densely covered, and the intact endometrium had formed at 6 months, indicating that the stent had good cell compatibility. 3 degradability
  • the stent rod At one month after operation, the stent rod remained intact and rarely degraded. At 3 months, the stent rod structure was destroyed, and some of the stent rods had been degraded. At 6 months, most of the stent rods had degraded; this indicates that the PDO stent has better degradability.
  • the bioabsorbable PDO slider-type stent is successfully implanted into the porcine iliac artery through the delivery system, which is technically feasible; the stent and delivery system have a good success rate and a low complication rate, and the design is feasible; the PDO stent is short-term ( One month) has good curative effect, the diameter of the middle blood vessel is lost, mainly caused by intimal hyperplasia, but the blood vessels still maintain a good opening; with the degradation of the scaffold, the inflammatory cells aggregate, but as the material gradually degrades, inflammation The reaction will also gradually disappear; the PDO scaffold has a complete coverage of endothelial cells for one month and has good cell compatibility; the PDO scaffold has been degraded for most of 6 months and has good degradability.
  • the ratio of stent diameter to vessel diameter is required to be 1.10- 1.20:1;
  • the balloon is sucked back into a negative pressure, the balloon is withdrawn, and the delivery system is completely withdrawn along the guide wire.
  • Acute elastic retraction rate of stent (diameter when stent is fully expanded - diameter of stent after balloon removal y diameter when stent is fully expanded).
  • the PDO edge slider type bracket can be released under normal release pressure (10-15 atm), the bracket can be successfully buckled, no bracket curls into the lumen; the bracket basically maintains the preset tube
  • the lumen diameter has an extremely low acute elastic retraction rate (2%). Prove that this bracket design operation is feasible.
  • Anesthesia Fasting one day before surgery, ketamine 8-10mg/Kg intramuscular injection for anesthesia induction, atropine 0.02mg/Kg intramuscular injection, and then establish a venous access. Immediately after intravenous injection of 2 mg/Kg of succinylcholine chloride, the animals were given a tracheal intubation, ventilator assisted ventilation, and ECG monitoring. Fentanyl 2ug/Kg, ketamine 2mg/Kg and Wankesson 0.1mg/Kg were administered intermittently.
  • the balloon is sucked into a negative pressure, the balloon is withdrawn, and the delivery system is completely withdrawn along the guide wire.
  • Acute elastic retraction rate of stent (diameter when stent is fully expanded - diameter of stent after balloon removal y diameter when stent is fully expanded).
  • the PDO double-buckle bracket can be released under normal release pressure (10-14atm), the stent can be successfully buckled, no stent is curled into the lumen; the stent basically maintains the preset lumen Diameter, with very low acute elastic retraction rate (2%). Prove that this bracket design operation is feasible.
  • Atropine 0.02mg/kg intramuscular injection was given 30min before operation, and pigs were anesthetized with chloramphenicol 10mg/Kg and placed on the operating table for fixation.
  • PDO edge slider bracket (stent length 20mm* stent diameter 8-12mm) 4, guide wire, stent delivery system and pressure pump, 4 esophageal stenosis experimental pigs, the original esophageal diameter of the experimental pig is 10 ⁇ 2mm, The diameter of the esophageal cavity after modeling was 6 ⁇ 0.5 mm.
  • the delivery system loaded with the PDO slider bracket is placed along the guide wire through the mouth of the esophage target site, and the stent is accurately positioned after 15 atm*30 seconds;
  • the balloon is sucked back into a negative pressure, the balloon is withdrawn, and the delivery system is completely withdrawn along the guide wire.
  • Acute elastic retraction rate of stent (diameter when stent is fully expanded - diameter of stent after balloon removal y diameter when stent is fully expanded).
  • the PDO edge slider type bracket can be released under normal release pressure (13-17atm), the bracket can be successfully buckled, no bracket curls into the lumen; the bracket basically maintains the preset tube
  • the lumen diameter has an extremely low acute elastic retraction rate (2%). Prove that this bracket design operation is feasible.
  • PDO double-buckle bracket (stent length 20mm * stent diameter 15mm) 4 each, multi-functional catheter, guide wire, stent delivery system and pressure pump, tracheal stenosis experimental pig 4, experimental pig original tracheal diameter 14 ⁇ 1.5mm, the lumen diameter after modeling is 7 ⁇ lmm.
  • the multi-functional catheter is fitted with the super-sliding guide wire through the glottis into the trachea, and then the metal-reinforced guide wire is replaced.
  • the guide wire is placed at the distal end of the stenosis segment and the catheter is removed;
  • the stented delivery system is delivered along the guidewire to the stenosis section, 14atm*30 seconds to expand the balloon release stent; the balloon is returned to a negative pressure, the balloon is withdrawn, and the delivery system is withdrawn along the guidewire.
  • Acute elastic retraction rate of stent (diameter when stent is fully expanded - diameter of stent after balloon removal y diameter when stent is fully expanded).
  • the PDO double-buckle bracket can be released under normal release pressure (12-14 atm), the stent can be successfully buckled, no stent curls into the lumen; the stent basically maintains the preset lumen Diameter, with very low acute elastic retraction rate (3%). Prove that this bracket design operation is feasible.
  • the arc bifurcation was separated into the abdomen through the arc-shaped incision under the right upper abdomen margin.
  • the local stenosis was used to narrow the common bile duct by 50%, and the abdomen was sutured layer by layer. Postoperative routine antibiotic treatment.
  • the PDO intermediate slide-type stent is implanted into the experimental porcine biliary cavity
  • PDO intermediate slide type bracket (bracket length 25 mm * bracket diameter 6-8 mm) 4 each, rubber hose, stent delivery system and pressure pump, biliary stenosis test pig 4, experimental pig original biliary lumen diameter 7.5 ⁇ 0.5mm, biliary diameter 4 ⁇ 0.3mm after modeling.
  • the balloon is sucked back into a negative pressure, the balloon is withdrawn, and the delivery system is completely withdrawn along the guide wire.
  • Acute elastic retraction rate of stent (diameter when stent is fully expanded - diameter of stent after balloon removal y diameter when stent is fully expanded).
  • the PDO intermediate slide-type bracket can be released under normal release pressure (12-14 atm), the stent can be successfully buckled, no stent is curled into the lumen; the stent basically maintains a preset tube
  • the lumen diameter has an extremely low acute elastic retraction rate (3%). Prove that this bracket design operation is feasible.
  • PDO edge slider type bracket (stent length 20 mm* bracket diameter 10 mm) 4 each, guide wire, Rubber hose, stent delivery system and pressure pump, urethral stricture test dogs, experimental dog original urethral cavity diameter of 10-12mm, urethral cavity diameter after modeling is 5-6mm.
  • the balloon is sucked back into a negative pressure, the balloon is withdrawn, and the delivery system is completely withdrawn along the guide wire.
  • Acute elastic retraction rate of stent (diameter when stent is fully expanded - diameter of stent after balloon removal y diameter when stent is fully expanded).
  • the PDO edge slider type bracket can be released under normal release pressure (10-14 atm), the bracket can be successfully buckled, no bracket curls into the lumen; the bracket basically maintains the preset tube
  • the lumen diameter has an extremely low acute elastic retraction rate (5%). Prove that this bracket design operation is feasible.
  • the balloon is sucked back into a negative pressure, the balloon is withdrawn, and the delivery system is completely withdrawn along the guide wire.
  • Acute elastic retraction rate of stent (diameter when stent is fully expanded - diameter of stent after balloon removal y diameter when stent is fully expanded).
  • the PDO intermediate slide-type bracket can be released under normal release pressure (10-14 atm), the stent can be successfully buckled, no stent is curled into the lumen; the stent basically maintains the preset tube
  • the lumen diameter has an extremely low acute elastic retraction rate (5%). Prove that this bracket design operation is feasible.

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Description

一种滑扣生物可吸收支架及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种医疗器械, 具体地说, 是一种新型滑扣生物可吸收支架及其应用。 背景技术
先天性心脏病 (以下简称先心病) 为小儿时期最常见的心血管疾病, 发病率为活产 婴儿的 0. 678%, 婴幼儿先天性心脏病中伴有先天性肺动脉和肺静脉狭窄、 体静脉和主动 脉及其分支的狭窄占所有先心病的 7%— 15%,而获得性外科术后右心室一肺动脉人工管道 (RV-PA 管道)狭窄、肺动脉和肺静脉术后再狭窄、体静脉和主动脉及其分支的再狭窄及 Fontan通道的狭窄等患者的数量随着先心病手术能力的增加将持续上升。
对于婴幼儿先天性或外科术后的肺动脉狭窄、肺动脉分支狭窄及主动脉縮窄等疾病, 经皮球囊血管成形术和血管支架植入术均是安全的介入治疗方法, 但前者并发症发生率 较高, 特别是在小婴儿, 故支架植入被认为是较好的选择。 但鉴于婴幼儿特殊的生理特 点, 理想的儿科血管支架要求应具有: 安全性、 有效性、 可降解性、 初始直径小和可传 送性。 支架安全性是指具备良好血液相容性 (不致血栓形成、 溶血等)、 组织相容性 (高 纯度、 无毒、 无刺激、 不致癌、 无诱变性、 无抗原性)。 其次, 支架有效性是指支架对血 管起支撑作用, 应有足够的径向强度。 由于婴幼儿血管处于生长发育阶段, 要求支架具 有可降解性, 以利于血管进一步生长发育。 同时婴幼儿血管较小, 要求支架初始直径小; 可传送性和不透 X线性使支架易于传送到狭窄病变处。
支架植入后在早期起到对血管壁的支撑作用防止回縮, 随着支架的内皮化及后期血 管壁的重构, 实际上支架只需起临时支撑作用。 目前常用的血管支架等均为金属编织而 成。 但是金属支架植入后尺寸固定不会随血管生长而变化、 后期易造成与血管尺寸不匹 配而造成人为的狭窄, 尤其不适合用于具有成长性特征的儿童的儿科血管支架。
金属支架还存在以下缺陷: (1)易至血栓形成而需长期抗血小板治疗; (2)终身滞留 于人体内, 影响后续的可能外科手术治疗; (3)在核磁共振及 CT 检查时出现伪影; (4) 可能改变血管的几何构型使分支堵塞; (5)阻碍管腔的后续重建及扩张; (6)金属支架如 与管壁不密合常出现植入后残留小缝隙。 因此, 如能研制一种性能与金属支架相仿而在 其使命完成后可完全吸收的生物可降解支架, 可以克服金属支架的以上弱点, 必将为先 心病的介入开辟新的天地。
生物可吸收支架在心血管疾病中的应用国内外已经开始研究, 对于生物可吸收支架 所用的材料, 目前研究主要为聚左旋乳酸, 也有聚对氧环己酮和聚己内酯, 这些材料已 通过美国 FDA批准可以植入体内。在生物可吸收支架的设计上有 Igaki-Tamai 支架、 REVA 支架和四叶结构支架, 这些支架的共同特点为在扩展前均为一完整的圆柱型, 但均存在 问题, 即所有支架的支撑力不足, 易发生支架弹性回縮, 支架的制造过程复杂, 成本较 高, 且受到支撑力等的限制, 不能广泛应用于除血管以外的其他管腔狭窄疾病中。
中国专利公开号 CN 101484195A, 公开了一种 "复合支架", 该发明公开了一种生物 可降解或生物可吸收的多层或复合支架, 所述支架包括用生物可降解聚合材料包覆的生 物可吸收陶瓷材料。 但是关于支撑力强且制造使用方便的新型滑扣生物可吸收支架, 及 其作为心血管系统支架或者管腔支架在心血管或者管腔狭窄疾病中的应用目前还未见报 道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术中的不足,提供一种新型滑扣生物可吸收支架的用途。 本发明的再一的目的是, 提供一种双扣型支架。
为实现上述目的, 本发明采取的技术方案是:
一种新型滑扣生物可吸收支架作为心血管系统支架或者管腔支架在心血管或者管腔 狭窄疾病中的应用。
所述的心血管系统狭窄疾病是指冠状动脉狭窄、 颈动脉狭窄、 肾动脉狭窄、 肺动脉 及其分支狭窄, 主动脉及其分支狭窄或体肺静脉狭窄。
所述的管腔狭窄疾病是指气管、 食道、 胆道、 尿道或肠道狭窄疾病。
所述的支架包括:
扁平的支架本体, 所述支架本体具有网孔结构;
位于所述支架本体一端的支架头部, 所述支架头部与支架本体一体成形, 其大小与 所述支架本体相适应, 所述支架头部在所述支架的卷曲过程中起滑扣作用; 和
支架扣, 所述支架扣也与所述支架本体一体成形, 用于在所述支架的卷曲过程中将 支架固定成管状的支架扣。
所述的支架材料为聚对二氧环己酮 (PD0)、 聚乳酸 (PLA)、 聚对二氧环己酮 (PD0)、 聚 己内脂 (PCL)、 聚乙醇酸 (PGA)或聚羟基丁酸 (PHB)高分子聚合物。
所述的支架材料为聚对二氧环己酮 (PD0)。
所述的支架还包括递送装置, 所述的递送装置包括:
外套管, 其具有一近端、 一远端以及二端之间延伸的内腔; 和
内鞘管, 其具有一近端、 一远端以及二端之间延伸的内腔, 所述内鞘管的外径适合 于滑动地插入所述外套管的管腔中; 和
球囊导管, 其具有一近端、 一远端以及二端之间延伸的内腔, 所述球囊导管的外径 适合于滑动地插入所述内鞘管的管腔中, 球囊导管的远端具有球囊, 薄片状的一体化滑 扣支架可设置在所述球囊上, 经导管递送到狭窄管腔内。
为实现上述第二个目的, 本发明采取的技术方案是:
一种新型生物可吸收支架, 所述的支架包括: 卡扣型、 边缘滑扣型、 中间滑扣型和 双扣型支架, 其中,
双扣型支架包括:
扁平的支架本体, 所述支架本体具有网孔结构;
位于所述支架本体一端的支架头部, 所述支架头部与支架本体一体成形, 其大小与 所述支架本体相适应, 所述支架头部在所述支架的卷曲过程中起滑扣作用; 和
支架扣, 所述支架扣也与所述支架本体一体成形, 包括位于支架本体两侧的齿结构 和支架头部的支架头部的扣,用于在所述支架的卷曲过程中将支架固定成管状的支架扣。
本发明优点在于:
1、 新型滑扣生物可吸收支架具有良好的降解性和生物相容性, 更适用于儿科血管支 架, 植入后不会出现晚发支架内血栓, 从而不必长期服用抗血小板药物, 也不会影响后 续可能的外科手术;
2、支撑力强, 作为心血管系统支架或者管腔支架可在心血管或者管腔狭窄疾病中广 泛应用;
3、制作简便, 方便载药, 可以作为药物(药物支架)或基因治疗的载体 (基因支架);
4、 支架同时配有递送系统, 降低了手术操作难度;
5、 经大量动物实验证明, 新型滑扣生物可吸收支架使用时具有较高的成功率, 疗效 显著, 具有较好的临床应用前景。
附图说明
附图 1是本发明一种新型滑扣生物可吸收支架的卡扣型支架的示意图。
附图 2是本发明一种新型滑扣生物可吸收支架的边缘滑扣型支架的示意图。
附图 3是本发明一种新型滑扣生物可吸收支架的中间滑扣型支架的示意图。
附图 4是本发明一种新型滑扣生物可吸收支架的双扣型支架的示意图。
附图 5是本发明一种新型滑扣生物可吸收支架的递送系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
下面结合附图对本发明提供的具体实施方式作详细说明。
附图中涉及的附图标记和组成部分如下所示: I. 支架本体 2. 支架头部
I I. 网孔 12. 齿
21. 外框 22. 支架扣
23. 扣结构 3. 外套管
4. 内鞘管 5. 球囊导管
31. Y 型适配器 41. Y 型适配器
52. 锥形体
实施例 1 生物可吸收支架的结构设计与比较
根据目前临床上血管支架结构和生物可吸收材料的性能, 采用 PD0材料设计出三种 结构的支架。
( 1 ) 自膨式网管支架: 利用一个不锈钢圆柱形模具获得网管支架。 模具的直径与所 需支架的直径一致, 在模具两端的圆周上均匀地打一圈孔, 插入钢针, 上下钢针的数量 一致, 并且相互对齐。 PD0纤维在模具上来回编织缠绕, 需要注意编织顺序, 就可直接编 织出一个纤维与纤维之间相互交错、 相互制约的圆筒, 然后热定型(90°C, 4小时)使之 保持这种形状, 编织密度和纤维夹角可以随意调节。
( 2) 自膨式 Zigzag支架: 利用高分子纤维热定型方法来获得 Zigzag支架。 在一块 3隱厚的钢板上, 用线切割的方法打出小孔, 再插入钢针, 利用钢针固定 PD0纤维成正弦 波的形状, 然后在合适的定型条件下放置, 从而使纤维具有了 Zigzag形状具备形状记忆 效应。 根据支架直径要求再将若干根纤维粘结起来, 得到了圆筒状的支架。
( 3)滑扣型支架: 采用三维微喷射自由成型技术用 PD0粒料制作滑扣型支架, 支架 植入前为一薄片状, 外形包括网孔结构的支架体部、 起滑扣作用的支架头部以及支架扣 组成。 将支架卷曲于球囊上, 一端插入另一端特殊设计的锁扣 (类似于 "皮带扣"), 形 成圆筒状支架, 支架随着球囊的扩张而扩大, 球囊撤除后支架随即扣住, 不能再向内滑 动, 维持支撑作用。 同时为了支架在 X线下能标记, 均在滑扣型支架的网状结构中间加 载一不透 X线的金属标记。
根据滑扣所处的位置不同, 滑扣型支架分为卡扣型、 边缘滑扣型、 中间滑扣型和双 扣型四种形状。
①卡扣型: 如附图 1所示, 显示了本发明一种实施方式的生物可吸收滑扣支架。 该 支架包括: 扁平状的支架本体 1和位于本体一端的支架头部 2, 支架头部 2包括支架扣 22和外框 21, 支架本体部分上分布着一排排网孔 11, 各网孔 11大小可以相同或不同。 在本发明的一个实施方式中,各网孔 11大小是均匀分布的,例如,网孔 11大小为 0. 5-3mmo 网孔 11可以是任何形状, 包括圆形、 椭圆形、 方形、 矩形、 三角形、 多边形等。 在本发 明的一个实施方式中, 网孔 11为圆形。 支架扣 22位于支架头部 2附近, 包括 2-4个突 出来的扣, 这些突起的扣与外框 21—起构成本发明的滑扣装置。 也可存在更多个突起的 扣, 这主要取决于所需支架的大小和所需的应用。突起的扣的长度为 0. 5-1 相对于支 架平面成一定角度, 通常为 20-40度。 但本领域技术人员应理解, 也可以是任何其他角 度。外框 21的大小与支架本体 1大小相适应, 从而在支架卷曲过程中保证内部的突起扣 可以严格地沿着薄片长度方向滑动, 避免发生错位。 所述突起的扣可以在滑动的过程中 任意插入到任何一排网孔 11当中, 而使薄片能够固定成为管状。
②边缘滑扣型: 如图 2所示, 显示了本发明另一实施方式的生物可吸收滑扣支架。 该支架包括扁平状的支架本体 1和位于本体一端的支架头部 2, 支架头部 2包括一外框 21, 其大小与支架本体 1相适应, 支架本体 1两侧有若干个齿 12。 支架包括平行于支架 头部 2延伸的纵轴线 Z和垂直于支架头部 2延伸的横轴线 X, 如图 2所示。 支架本体 1 部分上分布着一排排网孔 11,各网孔大小可以相同或不同。在本发明的一个实施方式中, 各网孔 11大小是均匀分布的, 例如, 网孔 11大小为 0. 5_3mm。 网孔 11可以是任何形状, 包括圆形、 椭圆形、 方形、 矩形、 三角形、 多边形等。 在本发明的一个实施方式中, 网 孔 11为圆形。在附图 2所示实施方式中, 支架扣表现为支架本体 1两侧的齿 12, 在支架 卷曲过程中所述支架本体 1可穿过所述外框 21, 并且两边的齿 12结构可沿着所述外框 21的两边缘滑动。 在滑动的过程中, 所述齿 12扣住所述外框 21, 而使薄片能够固定成 为管状。在一个实施方式中, 齿 12的大小为 0. 1 所有齿 12均背向支架头部延伸, 相 对于支架横轴线成一定角度, 例如 30-60度。 在本发明的一个实施方式中, 齿 12相对于 支架横轴线成 30 度角。
③中间滑扣型: 如图 3所示, 显示了本发明又一实施方式的生物可吸收滑扣支架。 该支架包括扁平状的支架本体 1和位于本体一端的支架头部 2, 支架头部 2包括一外框 21和外框中间的一个扣结构 23, 扣结构 23两端均与外框 21连接, 支架本体 1内包括与 扣结构 23相对应的齿 12, 这些齿 12背向于支架头部 2延伸。 如图 3所示, 支架包括平 行于支架头部 2延伸的纵轴线 Z和垂直于支架头部 2延伸的横轴线 X。支架本体 1部分上 分布着一排排网孔 11, 各网孔 11大小可以相同或不同。在本发明的一个实施方式中, 各 网孔 11大小是均匀分布的, 例如, 网孔 11大小为 0. 5_3mm。 网孔 11可以是任何形状, 包括圆形、 椭圆形、 方形、 矩形、 三角形、 多边形等。 在本发明的一个实施方式中, 网 孔 11为圆形。在一个实施方式中, 支架头部 2中的扣结构 23的长度 0. 5-lmmo在一个实 施方式中,支架本体 1上的齿 12的大小为 0. lmmo所述齿 12相对于支架横轴线成一定角 度, 例如成 30-60度角。 在本发明的一个实施方式中, 齿 12相对于支架横轴线成 30度 角。在支架卷曲过程中,所述齿 12结构沿着支架头部外框 21内的扣结构 23的两边滑动, 在滑动的过程中, 所述齿 12扣住所述外框 21中的扣结构 23, 而使薄片能够固定成为管 状。
④双扣型: 如附图 4所述, 显示了本发明一种实施方式的生物可吸收双扣型支架。 该支架包括:扁平状的支架本体 1和位于本体一端的支架头部 2,支架头部 2包括支架扣 22和外框 21,支架本体 1部分上分布着一排排网孔 11,各网孔 11大小可以相同或不同, 支架本体 1两侧有若干个齿 12。支架扣 22位于支架头部 2附近,包括 2-4个突出来的扣, 这些突起的扣和支架本体上的齿 12与外框 21—起构成本发明的滑扣装置。 也可存在更 多个突起的扣,这主要取决于所需支架的大小和所需的应用。突起的扣的长度为 0. 5-lmm, 相对于支架平面成一定角度, 通常为 20-40度。 但本领域技术人员应理解, 也可以是任 何其他角度。外框 21的大小与支架本体 1大小相适应, 从而在支架卷曲过程中保证内部 的突起扣可以严格地沿着薄片长度方向滑动, 避免发生错位。 所述突起的扣可以在滑动 的过程中任意插入到任何一排网孔 11当中, 而使薄片能够固定成为管状。支架本体 1两 侧的齿 12, 在支架卷曲过程中所述支架本体 1可穿过所述外框 21, 并且两边的齿 12结 构可沿着所述外框 21的两边缘滑动。 在滑动的过程中, 所述齿 12扣住所述外框 21, 而 使薄片能够固定成为管状。在一个实施方式中, 齿 12的大小为 0. lmmo所有齿 12均背向 支架头部延伸, 相对于支架横轴线 X成一定角度, 例如 30-60度。 在本发明的一个实施 方式中, 齿 12相对于支架横轴线成 30度角。 双扣型支架既有卡扣, 又有边缘滑扣, 在 使用过程中使支架更具有支撑力, 又能保障支架扣住。
在图 2、 图 3和图 4所示的实施方式中, 由于所有齿 12均朝同一方向, 支架扣住后 即不能再回縮。 在向体内递送的过程中, 支架紧紧卷起贴附于递送装置球囊上, 到达指 定部位之后, 球囊扩张使支架滑动直径扩大, 回吸球囊, 由于受到血管壁的压力支架随 即扣住, 对血管壁起支撑作用。
1. 支架力学性能测定
选择不同结构、不同厚度、不同直径的支架样品各 10个, 测试内容包括: 径向强度、 支架表面覆盖率、 支架轴向收縮率、 支架扩张率。
支架力学性能测试结果见表 1。 自膨式网管支架和 Zigzag支架径向强度均不能满足 临床需求 (一般需要 80-120Kpa) ,故不适合用作实验。 四种球囊扩张式滑扣型支架的径 向强度均在 80Kpa之上, 边缘滑扣型支架已达到金属支架径向强度; 同时滑扣支架均无 轴向收縮率, 优于金属支架(5%) ; 但扩张率 (29%) 稍逊于金属支架(25%) ; 表面覆盖率 明显高于金属支架 (20%)
表 1 厚度 0.3mm不同结构支架力学性能测试结果
Figure imgf000009_0001
不同厚度、 不同直径的 PDO边缘滑扣支架径向强度结果见表 2。 结果显示: 同一厚 度的支架, 随着直径的扩大, 其径向强度逐渐减小; 同时同一直径的支架随着厚度的增 加, 其径向强度也逐渐增加; 0.20mm的厚度即可以满足 4-8mm直径的支架的径向强度 要求。
不同厚度、 不同直径 PDO边缘滑扣支架径向强度 (Kpa)
Figure imgf000009_0002
2. 体外模拟
①选择模拟的人造血管直径为 6mm, 支架与血管的比值为 1.3 : 1。 先用压力泵将递 送系统的球囊吸成负压, 后撤外鞘管, 将四种滑扣支架分别卷曲缠绕于递送系统球囊上, 再向前推送外鞘管至锥形体以包住支架, 将递送系统插入软管中, 10atm*30秒扩张释放 支架。
②观测指标:
急性弹性回縮率:支架急性弹性回縮率 = (支架充分扩张时直径-球囊撤除后支架直径 / 支架充分扩张时直径) * 100%。
成功扣住率: 成功扣住率的评价标准是: 成功: 撤除球囊后支架扣随即卡住, 对血 管起支撑作用; 失败: 撤除球囊后支架没有扣住, 支架头端卷曲向内, 未能支撑血管。 四种不同滑扣型支架体外模拟结果见表 3。中间滑扣型、边缘滑扣型和双扣型支架均 能成功扣住, 对血管壁起支撑作用; 但卡扣型有一例失败。 四种滑扣型支架均有极小的 急性弹性回縮率 (0.40士 0.10%)。
表 3 四种滑扣型支架体外模拟结果
Figure imgf000010_0001
3. 总结
通过对 PDO材料的各种支架力学性能测试证实自膨式网管支架和自膨式 Zigzag支 架径向强度不能达到要求, 而四种滑扣支架径向强度均能满足临床需求; 边缘滑扣型和 中间滑扣型支架均能成功的扣住, 证明设计可行; 四种滑扣支架具有低的弹性回縮率, 没有轴向縮短率和良好的示踪性等优点; 但是较好的径向强度建立在稍大的表面覆盖率 之上, 同时滑扣支架的扩张性略低于金属支架。
实施例 2 四种 PDO滑扣型支架的体外模拟释放情况
( 1 ) 观察聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)卡扣型支架体外模拟释放情况
一、 材料与方法:
材料: 聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)卡扣型支架 20*8mm各 10个、 直径 6cm橡皮软管、 支 架递送系统和压力泵。
方法:
1、 先用压力泵将递送系统的球囊吸成负压, 后撤外鞘管, 将滑扣支架分别卷曲缠绕 于递送系统球囊上, 再向前推送外鞘管至锥形体以包住支架。
2、 沿导丝将支架递送系统插入到人造血管靶部位, 12atm*30秒扩张释放支架。
3、 回吸球囊成负压, 后撤球囊。
二、 观测指标:
1、 血管腔直径: 球囊撤除后, 测量支架处血管腔内直径。
2、 急性弹性回縮率:
支架急性弹性回縮率 = (支架充分扩张时直径-球囊撤除后支架直径 )/支架充分扩张时 直径。
3、 成功扣住率: 评价标准: 成功: 撤除球囊后支架扣随即卡住; 失败: 撤除球囊后支架没有扣住, 向管腔内滑。
三、 结果:
PDO卡扣型支架均能在常规释放压力下释放 (10-14atm),支架均能成功扣住,没有支 架向管腔内卷曲; 支架基本维持预先设定的管腔直径, 具有极低的急性弹性回縮率 (0.5 %)。 证明此支架设计操作可行。
表 4: PDO卡扣型支架的结果
Figure imgf000011_0001
(2) 观察聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)边缘滑扣型支架体外模拟释放情况
一、 材料与方法:
材料:聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)边缘滑扣型支架 20*8mm各 10个、直径 6cm橡皮软管、 支架递送系统和压力泵。
方法: (参见观察聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)卡扣型支架体外模拟释放情况)。
二、 观测指标:
(参见观察聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)卡扣型支架体外模拟释放情况)。
三、 结果:
PDO边缘滑扣型支架均能在常规释放压力下释放 (10-14atm),支架均能成功扣住,没 有支架向管腔内卷曲; 支架基本维持预先设定的管腔直径, 具有极低的急性弹性回縮率 (0.3 %)。 证明此支架设计操作可行。
表 5: PDO边缘滑扣型支架的结果
Figure imgf000011_0002
(3 ) 观察聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)中间滑扣型支架体外模拟释放情况
一、 材料与方法:
材料: 聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)中间滑扣型型支架 20*8mm各 10个、 直径 6cm橡皮软 管、 支架递送系统和压力泵。
方法: (参见观察聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)卡扣型支架体外模拟释放情况)。
二、 观测指标:
(参见观察聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)卡扣型支架体外模拟释放情况)。 三、 结果:
PDO中间滑扣型支架均能在常规释放压力下释放 (10-16atm),支架均能成功扣住,没 有支架向管腔内卷曲; 支架基本维持预先设定的管腔直径, 具有极低的急性弹性回縮率 (0.43 %)。 证明此支架设计操作可行。
表 6: PDO 中间滑扣型支架的结果
Figure imgf000012_0001
(4) 观察聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)双扣型支架体外模拟释放情况
一、 材料与方法:
材料: 聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)双扣型支架 20*8mm各 10个、 直径 6cm橡皮软管、 支 架递送系统和压力泵。
方法: (参见观察聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)卡扣型支架体外模拟释放情况)。
二、 观测指标:
(参见观察聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)卡扣型支架体外模拟释放情况)。
三、 结果:
PDO双扣型支架均能在常规释放压力下释放 (10-14atm),支架均能成功扣住,没有支 架向管腔内卷曲; 支架基本维持预先设定的管腔直径, 具有极低的急性弹性回縮率 (0.3 %)。 证明此支架设计操作可行。
表 7: PDO双扣型支架的结果
Figure imgf000012_0002
(4) 总结
通过考察四种 PDO滑扣型支架的体外模拟释放情况, 证明四种 PDO滑扣型支架均 能在常规释放压力下释放, 支架均能成功扣住, 没有支架向管腔内卷曲; 支架基本维持 预先设定的管腔直径, 具有极低的急性弹性回縮率。 证明此支架设计操作可行。 其中卡 扣型支架的扣必须具有一定角度, 才能保证插入网孔中扣住, 当然也存在支架未能扣住 的风险, 需完善设计。 边缘滑扣型支架的设计弥补了卡扣型支架的不足, 支架能确保扣 住, 但支架两边的小齿设计应精细, 不能影响支架的扩张; 但支架的长度应在确保支架 最大支撑力为前提, 不足之处为无法适用于长支架。 中间滑扣型支架又弥补了边缘滑扣 支架的不足, 类似于将两个边缘滑扣支架连接起来, 既有边缘滑扣, 又有中间的滑扣, 适用于长病变的支架。 双扣型支架既有卡扣, 又有边缘滑扣, 在使用过程中使支架更具 有支撑力, 又能保障支架扣住。
实施例 3 五种材料的边缘滑扣型支架的体外模拟释放情况
( 1 ) 观察聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)边缘滑扣型支架体外模拟释放情况
一、 材料与方法:
材料:聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)边缘滑扣型支架 20*8mm各 10个、直径 6cm橡皮软管、 支架递送系统和压力泵。
方法: (参见观察聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)卡扣型支架体外模拟释放情况)。
二、 观测指标:
(参见观察聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)卡扣型支架体外模拟释放情况)。
三、 结果:
PDO 边缘滑扣型支架均能在常规释放压力下释放 (10-14atm), 支架均能成功扣住, 没有支架向管腔内卷曲; 支架基本维持预先设定的管腔直径, 具有极低的急性弹性回縮 率 (0.3 %)。 证明此支架设计操作可行。
表 8: PDO 边缘滑扣型支架的结果
Figure imgf000013_0001
(2) 观察聚己內酯 (PCL)边缘滑扣型支架体外模拟释放情况
一、 材料与方法:
材料: 聚己內酯 (PCL)边缘滑扣型支架 20*8mm各 10个、 直径 6cm橡皮软管、 支架 递送系统和压力泵。
方法: (参见观察聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)卡扣型支架体外模拟释放情况)。
二、 观测指标:
(参见观察聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)卡扣型支架体外模拟释放情况)。
三、 结果:
PCL边缘滑扣型支架均能在常规释放压力下释放 (l l-15atm), 支架均能成功扣住, 没有支架向管腔内卷曲; 支架基本维持预先设定的管腔直径, 具有极低的急性弹性回縮 率 (0.35 %)。 证明此支架设计操作可行。
表 9: PCL边缘滑扣型支架的结果
n 释放压力 支架处管腔直径 急性弹性回縮率 扣住率 (atm) (mm) (%) (%) 边缘滑扣型 10 13±2 7.82±0.2 0.35±0.1 100
(3 ) 观察聚乙醇酸 (PGA)边缘滑扣型支架体外模拟释放情况
一、 材料与方法:
材料: 聚乙醇酸 (PGA)边缘滑扣型支架 20*8mm各 10个、 直径 6cm橡皮软管、 支 架递送系统和压力泵。
方法: (参见观察聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)卡扣型支架体外模拟释放情况)。
二、 观测指标:
(参见观察聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)卡扣型支架体外模拟释放情况)。
三、 结果:
PGA边缘滑扣型支架均能在常规释放压力下释放 (ll-15atm),支架均能成功扣住,没 有支架向管腔内卷曲; 支架基本维持预先设定的管腔直径, 具有极低的急性弹性回縮率 (0.35 %)。 证明此支架设计操作可行。
表 10: PGA边缘滑扣型支架的结果
Figure imgf000014_0001
(4) 观察聚羟基丁酸酯 (PHB)边缘滑扣型支架体外模拟释放情况
一、 材料与方法:
材料: 聚羟基丁酸酯 (PHB)边缘滑扣型支架 20*8mm各 1个、 直径 6cm橡皮软管、 支架递送系统和压力泵。
方法: (参见观察聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)卡扣型支架体外模拟释放情况)。
二、 观测指标:
(参见观察聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)卡扣型支架体外模拟释放情况)。
三、 结果:
PHB边缘滑扣型支架均能在常规释放压力下释放 (l l-15atm),支架均能成功扣住,没 有支架向管腔内卷曲; 支架基本维持预先设定的管腔直径, 具有极低的急性弹性回縮率 (0.35 %)。 证明此支架设计操作可行。
表 11 : PHB边缘滑扣型支架的结果
释放压力 支架处管腔直径 急性弹性回縮率 扣住率 n
(atm) (mm) (%) (%) 边缘滑扣型 10 13±2 7.82±0.2 0.35±0.1 100
(5 ) 观察聚左旋乳酸 (PLLA)边缘滑扣型支架体外模拟释放情况
一、 材料与方法:
材料: 聚左旋乳酸 (PLLA)边缘滑扣型支架 20*8mm各 10个、 直径 6cm橡皮软管、 支架递送系统和压力泵。
方法: (参见观察聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)卡扣型支架体外模拟释放情况)。
二、 观测指标:
(参见观察聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO)卡扣型支架体外模拟释放情况)。
三、 结果:
PLLA边缘滑扣型支架均能在常规释放压力下释放 (ll-15atm), 支架均能成功扣住, 没有支架向管腔内卷曲; 支架基本维持预先设定的管腔直径, 具有极低的急性弹性回縮 率 (0.35 %)。 证明此支架设计操作可行。
表 12: PLLA边缘滑扣型支架的结果
Figure imgf000015_0001
五种材料的边缘滑扣型支架的体外模拟释放情况显示: 五种材料的边缘滑扣型支架 均能在常规释放压力下释放, 支架均能成功扣住, 没有支架向管腔内卷曲; 支架基本维 持预先设定的管腔直径, 具有极低的急性弹性回縮率。其中 PDO边缘滑扣型支架具有最 低的急性弹性回縮率 (0.3%), 是制造边缘滑扣型支架的最优材料。
实施例 4
中国专利公开号 CN 101484195A, 公开了一种"复合支架", 该发明公开了一种生物 可降解或生物可吸收的多层或复合支架, 所述支架包括用生物可降解聚合材料 (如聚乳 酸 PLA, 聚丙交酯和 /或聚乙醇酸 PGA, 聚乙交酯和 /或聚乙交酯 PLGA) 包覆的生物可 吸收陶瓷材料 (如磷酸钙, 生物活性玻璃)。 其不足之处在于, 该复合支架的制作材料 PLA和 PLGA降解速度慢, 完全降解时间超过 2年, PGA降解速度太快, 2周即能降解 70%-80%, 制成的支架易变形滑动, 支撑效果不好, 且对细菌抵抗能力较差, 在空气中 易吸潮降解, 不易保存, 少数患者会产生非感染性炎症等; 复合支架由多种材料制成, 支架层数较多, 制作过程较为复杂; 复合支架卡扣设计较少, 限制了复合支架卷曲程度, 从而限制了支架使用的范围; 卡扣的角度较大, 导致在扩张过程中支架的阻力增大, 释 放压力增大, 增加了发生并发症的风险。 同时该支架只是两端有扣, 中间没有扣, 这样 中间的支撑力会明显降低。
PDO双扣型支架: 该支架以聚对二氧环己酮 (PDO) 为材料制成。 它的纤维具有良 好的物理机械强度、 化学稳定性、 生物相容性和安全性, 可生物降解, 易于加工成型等 优点。 PDO单丝结构表面光滑圆顺, 克服了编织结构中因表面磨擦系数大而导致纤维易 损伤组织的缺点。 PDO相容性好, 组织反应轻微, 不存在细胞反应, 通过降解吸收作用, 180天后逐步被机体完全吸收, 分解成二氧化碳和水, 排出体外, 安全可靠。 由于其链中 有醚键, 分子链柔性大, 故适合于制成各种尺寸的单丝缝合线。 PDO引起的组织反应小, 在体内组织中靠水解来降解, 强度保留率大, 对于缝合愈合时间较长的伤口特别有用。 从柔软、 强度保留率大的角度考虑认为, PDO是非常适合制作支架的高分子聚合物。
PDO双扣型支架采用三维微喷射自由成型技术制作, 利用计算机辅助设计, 将预先 设计好的三维模型按照程序制作出来, 非常精确, 技术灵活, 可以按照不同的要求改变 支架网孔的大小、 支架的厚度以及滑扣的长度等, 而且方便加载药物, 制作工艺简单。
PDO双扣型支架体部上面分布着一排排均匀的网孔,大小 lmm,支架头部为一外框, 外框内设有 2-5个卡扣,支架体的两边设有卡扣齿,卡扣齿大小为 0.1mm, 角度为 30度, 背向支架头部。 由于整个支架体的两边都均匀分布小齿, 使得该支架在使用时能根据植 入部位直径大小合理调节卷曲程度, 适用范围较广。 卡扣齿的角度较小, 减少了在扩张 过程中支架的阻力, 释放压力稍小, 降低了发生并发症的风险。 同时支架头部的卡扣, 在使用时可插入支架的网孔中, 可以保障支架具有较强而且均匀的支撑力。
另外, PDO双扣型支架还设有配套的支架递送系统, 使手术过程更为简易。
该递送装置由一外套管 3、 内鞘管 4和球囊导管 5构成, 结构如图 4所示。 外套管 3 具有一近端、 一远端以及二端之间延伸的内腔。 内鞘管 4也具有一近端、 一远端以及二 端之间延伸的内腔, 内鞘管 4的外径适合于滑动地插入外套管 3腔中, 内鞘管 4比外套 管 3长约 4-6cm。 球囊导管 5也具有一近端、 一远端和内腔, 该球囊导管 5的外径适合 于滑动地插入内鞘管 4管腔中。 球囊导管 5远端为一锥形体 52和球囊 51, 球囊 51的长 度、直径可根据支架的要求进行选择。球囊 51两端各有一金属标记物,可帮助支架定位。 递送装置还包括两个 Y型适配器, 一个 Y型适配器 41安置在内鞘管 4近端, 与其内腔 连通; 另一 Y型适配器 31安置于外套管 3近端, 与其内腔连通。 这两个 Y型适配器的 作用是在滑扣支架的递送过程中分别向管腔内注入和吸出所需的液体。 通过将支架卷曲 于球囊 51上, 固定于球囊 51远端锥状体 52和近端内鞘管 4之间, 可防止支架移位; 同 时支架外表面套于外套管 3之中, 可防止支架外层展开。 将装有支架的递送装置沿导丝 送达狭窄血管处, 根据球囊 51上的金属标记物, 准确定位后, 后撤外套管 3, 再将球囊 5充气扩张, 支架随即扩开, 紧贴于狭窄血管内壁。然后再将内鞘管 4和外套管 3—起撤 出, 即可完成支架植入。
实施例 5 新型生物可吸收支架动物实验
一、 材料与方法
材料: 出生后 2-3个月幼年健康家猪 (体重 25-30kg左右, 雌雄不限) 41头 (上海 交通大学农学院), PDO边缘滑扣型支架 45个 (6 X 20mm、 厚度 0.28mm), 支架递送系 统
仪器设备: 手术包 (上海儿童医学中心); 7F动脉鞘管、 压力泵、 导引导丝 (美国 Cordis公司); 穿刺针、 造影导管 (美国 Diag公司); 测压仪
( S&W Medico Tekikls); GE LC/LP型 DSA (美国通用电器公司); 心电监护仪、 呼吸机 (Phillip公司); Leica切片机、 Leica显微镜及图像分析系统 (Leica公司); 场发射扫描 电子显微镜 (JEOL Ltd, Japan ( JSW-7401F))。
方法:
①麻醉: 术前一天禁食, 氯胺酮 8-10mg/Kg肌注进行麻醉诱导, 阿托品 0.02mg/Kg 肌注, 后建立静脉通路。 静脉注射氯化琥珀胆碱 2mg/Kg后, 动物立即被给予气管插管, 呼吸机辅助通气, 心电监护。 芬太尼 2ug/Kg、 氯胺酮 2mg/Kg和万可松 0.1mg/Kg间断静 脉给药维持。
②固定: 借助特殊木架, 将动物固定在心导管操作台上。
③常规消毒普无菌巾, 分离左侧颈动脉, 穿刺后置入 7F动脉鞘管。
④插入 6F的造影导管进行左右髂动脉血管造影, 选择植入血管, 要求支架直径与血 管直径比值为 1.20-1.25:1。
⑤先用压力泵将递送系统的球囊吸成负压, 后撤外鞘管, 将滑扣支架分别卷曲缠绕 于递送系统球囊上, 再向前推送外鞘管至锥形体以包住支架。 撤除 7F鞘管, 沿导丝将支 架递送系统插入到靶部位, 12atm*30秒扩张释放支架。 术中肝素 200U/Kg,手术时间超过 1小时, 追加肝素 2000U。
⑥术后创口缝合压迫止血半小时以上待完全止血后将实验猪送回伺养中心继续伺 养。头孢唑林钠 50mg/kg/天注射 3天,速避凝 5000u—次皮下 /天注射 5天,巴米尔 5mg/kg/ 天直至被处死。
二、 观测指标
1. 介入成功率和并发症发生率
介入成功率: 指支架在靶部位成功扩张释放, 无支架脱落、 移位、 血管撕裂、 大出 血等其他并发症。
并发症发生率: 指支架和递送系统支架引起的血管撕裂、 大出血、 动脉穿孔、 死亡 等。
2. 随访评估生物可吸收支架疗效
术后即刻、 1个月、 3个月、 6个月后进行支架植入术疗效评价, 依赖复查心导管造 影测定支架直径。
支架植入后靶血管直径: 计算机测量支架近端、 中段、 远端测量结果取平均值。 支架两端参考血管直径: 对支架血管两端外 0.5cm处参考血管直径测量三次取平均 值, 两端参考血管直径再相加后取平均值。
3. 支架的生物相容性、 降解率
术后 1个月、 3个月、 6个月将实验猪处死, 取支架两头及中间部分和支架边缘组织 进行 HE染色, 观察支架内及周围炎症反应, 肉芽组织的生长情况, 支架表面的内皮生 长情况, 支架的降解情况等。
4. 支架植入后离体标本扫描电镜观察和评价
将支架连同两端 0.5mm长血管组织取出,制备标本,扫描电镜观察支架内皮化程度。 三、 结果
1. 一般情况
共有 41头猪, 植入支架 45枚, 有 2例术后出现麻醉意外, 2例术中出现血管撕裂大 出血死亡, 有 2例支架未能充分扩张, 有一例支架释放过程中出现球囊破裂支架未充分 释放。 其余实验猪术后情况良好, 进食正常, 精神状态好。 活动自如, 无偏瘫, 无行为 异常, 无腹泻、 发热、 无便血, 无肉眼血尿等。
2. 新型滑扣支架植入资料特征
新型滑扣支架植入资料特征见表 13, 支架植入成功率为 88.90%, 递送系统递送成功 率为 93.30%, 并发症发生率为 11.10%。
表 13 : 新型滑扣支架植入资料特征
变量 n(%)
实验猪 41
体重 (Kg) 25.17±1.82
雌性 16 ( 39%)
雄性 25 ( 61%)
左髂动脉 41(91.10%) 右髂动脉 5 (8.90%) 参考血管直径 (mm) 4.68±0.17
释放压力 (atm) 16.10±2.20
介入成功率 40 ( 88.90%)
并发症发生率 2 (4%)
递送系统成功率 42 (93.30%)
介入失败率 5(11.10%)
3. 新型滑扣支架疗效
①支架植入后随访过程中靶血管管腔直径变化: 见表 14
表 14 支架术后靶血管管腔直径变化
Figure imgf000019_0001
*与植入后比较 Ρ<0.01 ; 參与一个月比 Ρ<0.01。
表 13表明支架术后一个月与植入后即刻, 靶血管管腔直径无明显变化, Ρ>0.05,无统 计学意义; 但术后三个月、 六个月管腔直径有所丢失, 管腔有所减小, 与植入后即刻和 术后一个月比较 Ρ<0.01, 有显著统计学差异。 但术后三个月与六个月管腔直径无明显变 化 Ρ>0.05,无统计学意义。
4. 支架的生物相容性、 降解
①组织相容性
支架术后一个月: 生物可吸收 PDO支架已经被内皮细胞覆盖, 支架杆保持完整, 极 少降解; 支架周围少量炎细胞浸润, 炎细胞以淋巴细胞、 浆细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞为主。 支架术后三个月: 生物可吸收 PDO支架表面内皮细胞致密成熟, 支架杆结构破坏, 部分 已经降解; 支架杆周围仍有炎细胞聚集, 炎细胞以淋巴细胞、 嗜酸性粒细胞为主伴较多 异物巨噬细胞。 支架术后六个月: 支架杆大部分已经降解; 支架周围仍有少量炎细胞, 炎细胞以异物巨噬细胞、 淋巴细胞和浆细胞为主; 同时随着支架杆的降解吸收, 炎症细 胞逐渐减少, 支架血管逐渐恢复成正常血管。
②细胞相容性
将生物可降解 PDO支架植入猪髂动脉处, 肉眼观察显示: 支架表面 1个月时可见稀 薄的内膜覆盖, 3个月时支架全部被新生内膜覆盖, 6个月时支架表面有平滑而有光泽的 新生内膜。 扫描电镜显示: 一个月时支架已被内皮细胞稀疏覆盖, 3个月时内皮细胞已 经致密覆盖, 6个月时已经形成完整内膜, 说明该支架具有较好的细胞相容性。 ③可降解性
术后一个月时支架杆仍保持完整, 极少降解, 3个月时支架杆结构已破坏, 部分已经 降解, 6个月时支架杆大部分已经降解; 这表明 PDO支架具有较好降解性。
5. 结论
生物可吸收 PDO滑扣型支架通过递送系统成功植入猪髂动脉, 技术上可行; 支架和 递送系统具有较好的成功率和较低的并发症发生率, 设计可行; PDO支架在短期内 (一 个月) 具有较好的疗效, 中期血管直径有所丢失, 主要为内膜增生引起, 但血管仍保持 较好开通; 随着支架的降解, 炎症细胞聚集, 但随着材料逐渐完全降解, 炎症反应也将 逐渐消失; PDO支架一个月内皮细胞已经完全覆盖, 具有较好的细胞相容性; PDO支架 在 6个月大部分已经降解, 具有较好的降解性。
实施例 6 支架在冠脉狭窄疾病中的应用
1.材料与方法
材料: 18-20Kg小型猪 4头、 目标冠脉血管腔直径 2.2±0.2mm, PDO边缘滑扣型支 架 (支架长度 20mm*支架直径 2.5-2.75mm) 各 4个、 导丝、 支架递送系统和压力泵。
方法:
①术前口服阿司匹林 0.3g, 氯吡格雷 75mg, 术前 30分给予阿托品 0.02mg/kg、 氯胺 酮 10mg/Kg肌注麻醉。
②麻醉后切开皮肤, 分离皮下组织, 暴露右股动脉后穿刺, 置入 6F动脉鞘, 予 200 u/kg肝素钠抗凝, 插入 6F的造影导管进行左右髂动脉血管造影, 选择植入血管, 要求支 架直径与血管直径比值为 1.10-1.20:1 ;
③先用压力泵将递送系统的球囊吸成负压, 后撤外鞘管, 将滑扣支架分别卷曲缠绕 于递送系统球囊上, 再向前推送外鞘管至锥形体以包住支架。 撤除鞘管, 沿导丝将支架 递送系统插入到靶部位 (前降支中段), 10-15atm* 15-20秒扩张释放支架;
④回吸球囊成负压, 后撤球囊, 沿导丝全部撤出递送系统。
2. 观测指标
①术后血管腔直径: 球囊撤除后, 测量支架处血管腔内直径。
②急性弹性回縮率: 支架急性弹性回縮率 = (支架充分扩张时直径 -球囊撤除后支架直 径 y支架充分扩张时直径。
③成功扣住率: 评价标准: 成功: 撤除球囊后支架扣随即卡住; 失败: 撤除球囊后 支架没有扣住, 向血管腔内滑。
3. 结果 ①支架疗效: 见表 15
表 15: 新型滑扣支架疗效
Figure imgf000021_0001
从表中可以看出, PDO边缘滑扣型支架均能在常规释放压力下释放 (10-15atm),支架 均能成功扣住, 没有支架向管腔内卷曲; 支架基本维持预先设定的管腔直径, 具有极低 的急性弹性回縮率 (2%)。 证明此支架设计操作可行。
实施例 7 支架在外周血管狭窄疾病中的应用
1.材料与方法
材料: 出生后 2-3个月幼年健康家猪 (体重 25-30kg左右, 雌雄不限) 4头, 目标外 周血管腔直径 4.5±0.2, PDO双扣型支架 4个(支架长度 20mm*支架直径 6mm), 支架递 送系统。
方法:
①麻醉: 术前一天禁食, 氯胺酮 8-10mg/Kg肌注进行麻醉诱导, 阿托品 0.02mg/Kg 肌注, 后建立静脉通路。 静脉注射氯化琥珀胆碱 2mg/Kg后, 动物立即被给予气管插管, 呼吸机辅助通气, 心电监护。 芬太尼 2ug/Kg、 氯胺酮 2mg/Kg和万可松 0.1mg/Kg间断静 脉给药维持。
②固定: 借助特殊木架, 将动物固定在心导管操作台上。
③常规消毒普无菌巾, 分离左侧颈动脉, 穿刺后置入 7F动脉鞘管。
④插入 6F的造影导管进行外周血管造影, 选择植入血管, 要求支架直径与血管直径 比值为 1.20-1.25:1。
⑤先用压力泵将递送系统的球囊吸成负压, 后撤外鞘管, 将双扣型支架分别卷曲缠 绕于递送系统球囊上, 再向前推送外鞘管至锥形体以包住支架。 撤除 7F鞘管, 沿导丝将 支架递送系统插入到靶部位, 12atm*30秒扩张释放支架。 术中肝素 200U/Kg, 手术时间 超过 1小时, 追加肝素 2000U。
⑥回吸球囊成负压, 后撤球囊, 沿导丝全部撤出递送系统。
2. 观测指标
①术后外周血管腔直径: 球囊撤除后, 测量支架处外周血管腔内直径。
②急性弹性回縮率: 支架急性弹性回縮率 = (支架充分扩张时直径 -球囊撤除后支架直 径 y支架充分扩张时直径。
③成功扣住率: 评价标准: 成功: 撤除球囊后支架扣随即卡住; 失败: 撤除球囊后 支架没有扣住, 向血管腔内滑。
3. 结果
①支架疗效: 见表 16
表 16: 双扣型支架疗效
Figure imgf000022_0001
从表中可以看出, PDO双扣型支架均能在常规释放压力下释放 (10-14atm),支架均能 成功扣住, 没有支架向管腔内卷曲; 支架基本维持预先设定的管腔直径, 具有极低的急 性弹性回縮率 (2%)。 证明此支架设计操作可行。
实施例 8 支架在食道狭窄疾病中的应用
一、 食道狭窄实验猪造模型
材料: 18-20Kg小型猪 4头、 氯胺酮、 阿托品针、 安定针、 导丝、 泛影葡胺、 球囊、 压力泵及 GE-2005血管造影仪。
具体步骤方法:
1、 术前 30min给予阿托品 0.02mg/kg肌注, 氯安酮 10mg/Kg将猪麻醉, 置于手术 台上固定。
2、 经口插入改制的球囊导管, X-ray下将其头端插入食管中段, 扩张球囊, 将 4%NaOH溶液 lml注入球囊上方, 30s后, 球囊放气, 20ml清水缓慢冲洗 lmin。
3、 建模后两周行 X-ray泛影葡胺造影, 建模成功标准: 食管狭窄大于 45%。 二、 PDO边缘滑扣支架植入实验猪食道腔中
1. 材料与方法:
材料: PDO边缘滑扣支架 (支架长度 20mm*支架直径 8-12mm) 各 4个、 导丝、 支 架递送系统和压力泵、 食道狭窄实验猪 4只、 实验猪原先食道腔径为 10 ±2mm, 造模后 食道腔径为 6 ± 0.5mm。
方法:
①术前 6小时禁食, 术前 30分给予阿托品 0.02mg/kg、 氯胺酮 10mg/Kg肌注麻醉。
②泛影葡胺造影, 确定狭窄部位的位置, 狭窄段直径及长度, 以选择适当的支架;
③在 X光监视下操作,将装载 PDO滑扣支架的递送系统沿导丝经口置于食道靶部位, 精确定位后 15atm*30秒扩张释放支架;
④回吸球囊成负压, 后撤球囊, 沿导丝全部撤出递送系统。
2. 观测指标 ①术后食道腔直径: 球囊撤除后, 测量支架处食道腔内直径。
②急性弹性回縮率: 支架急性弹性回縮率 = (支架充分扩张时直径 -球囊撤除后支架直 径 y支架充分扩张时直径。
③成功扣住率: 评价标准: 成功: 撤除球囊后支架扣随即卡住; 失败: 撤除球囊后 支架没有扣住, 向食道腔内滑。
3. 结果
①支架疗效: 见表 17
表 17: 新型滑扣支架疗效
Figure imgf000023_0001
从表中可以看出, PDO边缘滑扣型支架均能在常规释放压力下释放 (13-17atm),支架 均能成功扣住, 没有支架向管腔内卷曲; 支架基本维持预先设定的管腔直径, 具有极低 的急性弹性回縮率 (2%)。 证明此支架设计操作可行。
实施例 9 支架在气管狭窄疾病中的应用
一、 气管狭窄实验猪造模型
①术前 6小时禁食, 术前 30分给予阿托品 0.02mg/kg、 氯胺酮 10mg/Kg肌注麻醉, 并固定于操作台上 。
②逐层分离皮肤、皮下,暴露气管,采用外科局部切除缝合法,使气管狭窄大于 45%; 然后逐层缝合。
二、 PDO双扣型支架植入实验猪气管腔中
1. 材料与方法:
材料: PDO双扣型支架(支架长度 20mm *支架的直径 15mm)各 4个、多功能导管、 导丝、支架递送系统和压力泵、气管狭窄实验猪 4只、实验猪原先气管腔径为 14 ± 1.5mm, 造模后气管腔径为 7 ± lmm。
方法:
①术前通过胸片及胸部 CT、 气道三维重建、 支气管镜检查, 初步了解气管狭窄的部 位和范围, 狭窄段直径及长度, 以选择适当的支架;
②术前皮下注射阿托品 0.5mg, 以减少呼吸道的分泌物, 4%利多卡因喷喉行局部麻 醉, 经鼻或口插入纤维支气管镜, 气管内注入 2%利多卡因和 1%肾上腺素 2ml行气管内 局麻和收縮气管的血管以减少术中咳嗽反应及出血;
③在透视下将多功能导管配合超滑导丝经过声门进入气管,随后更换金属加强导丝并 随导管越过狭窄段, 将导丝留置于狭窄段远端, 撤除导管;
④将装有支架的递送系统沿导丝送至狭窄段, 14atm*30秒扩张球囊释放支架;回吸球 囊成负压, 后撤球囊, 沿导丝全部撤出递送系统。
2. 观测指标
①猪气管腔直径: 球囊撤除后, 测量支架处气管腔内直径。
②急性弹性回縮率: 支架急性弹性回縮率 = (支架充分扩张时直径 -球囊撤除后支架直 径 y支架充分扩张时直径。
③成功扣住率: 评价标准: 成功: 撤除球囊后支架扣随即卡住; 失败: 撤除球囊后 支架没有扣住, 向气管腔内滑。
3. 结果
①支架疗效: 见表 18
表 18: 双扣型支架疗效
Figure imgf000024_0001
从表中可以看出, PDO双扣型支架均能在常规释放压力下释放 (12-14atm),支架均能 成功扣住, 没有支架向管腔内卷曲; 支架基本维持预先设定的管腔直径, 具有极低的急 性弹性回縮率 (3 %)。 证明此支架设计操作可行。
实施例 10 支架在胆道狭窄疾病中的应用
一、 胆道狭窄实验猪造模型
①术前 6小时禁食, 术前 30分给予阿托品 0.02mg/kg、 氯胺酮 10mg/Kg肌注麻醉, 并固定于操作台上 。
②经右上腹肋缘下弧形切口入腹, 分离出胆总管。 采用局部缝縮法使胆总管狭窄 50%, 逐层缝合关腹。 术后常规抗菌素治疗。
二、 PDO中间滑扣型支架植入实验猪胆道腔中
1. 材料与方法:
材料: PDO中间滑扣型支架 (支架长度 25 mm *支架的直径6-8mm) 各 4个、 橡皮 软管、支架递送系统和压力泵、胆道狭窄实验猪 4只、实验猪原先胆道腔径为 7.5 ± 0.5mm, 造模后胆道直径 4 ± 0.3mm。
方法:
①术前应用十二指肠镜逆行胰胆管造影, 明确胆道狭窄的性质和范围, 狭窄段直径 及长度, 以选择适当的支架; ②术前禁食水 6h, 术前 30min肌注山莨菪碱 10mg、 哌替啶 50mg、 地西泮 10mg, 减少肠蠕动, 使十二指肠处于低张状态, 以便于操作;
③应用十二指肠镜逆行胰胆管造影, 明确胆道狭窄部位, 将导丝通过造影管插至左 肝管或右肝管,沿导丝将支架递送系统插入到胆道靶部位, 12-14atm*30秒扩张释放支架;
④回吸球囊成负压, 后撤球囊, 沿导丝全部撤出递送系统。
2. 观测指标
①猪胆道腔直径: 球囊撤除后, 测量支架处胆道腔内直径。
②急性弹性回縮率: 支架急性弹性回縮率 = (支架充分扩张时直径 -球囊撤除后支架直 径 y支架充分扩张时直径。
③成功扣住率: 评价标准: 成功: 撤除球囊后支架扣随即卡住; 失败: 撤除球囊后 支架没有扣住, 向胆道腔内滑。
3. 结果
①支架疗效: 见表 19
表 19: 新型中间滑扣型支架疗效
Figure imgf000025_0001
从表中可以看出, PDO中间滑扣型支架均能在常规释放压力下释放 (12-14atm),支架 均能成功扣住, 没有支架向管腔内卷曲; 支架基本维持预先设定的管腔直径, 具有极低 的急性弹性回縮率 (3 %)。 证明此支架设计操作可行。
实施例 11 支架在尿道狭窄疾病中的应用
一、 尿道狭窄实验犬造模型
①术前 6小时禁食, 术前 30分给予阿托品 0.02mg/kg、 氯胺酮 10mg/Kg肌注麻醉, 并固定于操作台上 。
②做阴茎包皮腹侧切开, 充分暴露尿道外口。 经尿道外口插入 F6导管, 置管深度 lcm, 用 760g/L泛影葡胺加入生理盐水, 稀释至 150g/L浓度做逆行尿道造影, 置入 10 F 小儿电切镜, 置镜深度 5-6cm, 电切功率 30W, 5%葡萄糖作冲洗液, 在尿道镜视野内 5-7 点位置, 直视下用直径 2mm环状电极行犬前尿道电切术, 造成面积约 2mmX 3mm穿透 尿道全层的手术创面。 使尿道狭窄 50%, 逐层缝合。 术后常规抗菌素治疗。
二、 PDO边缘滑扣型支架植入实验犬尿道腔中
1. 材料与方法:
材料: PDO边缘滑扣型支架 (支架长度 20 mm*支架的直径 10mm) 各 4个、 导丝、 橡皮软管、支架递送系统和压力泵、尿道狭窄实验犬只、实验犬原先尿道腔径为 10-12mm, 造模后尿道腔径为 5-6mm。
方法:
①术前从尿道外口注入 1%利多卡因 5ml行尿道粘膜表面麻醉, 在 DSA引导下经导 管注入造影剂, 进行尿道造影, 确定狭窄部位的位置, 狭窄段直径及长度, 以选择适当 的支架;
②术前用抗生素治疗 3-5天, 采用 1%利多卡因尿道粘膜麻醉, 在 DSA引导下经尿 道插入导丝并进入膀胱, 根据尿道造影的结果, 沿导丝将支架递送系统插入到尿道靶部 位, 12atm*30秒扩张释放支架;
③回吸球囊成负压, 后撤球囊, 沿导丝全部撤出递送系统。
2. 观测指标
①犬尿道腔直径: 球囊撤除后, 测量支架处尿道腔内直径。
②急性弹性回縮率: 支架急性弹性回縮率 = (支架充分扩张时直径 -球囊撤除后支架直 径 y支架充分扩张时直径。
③成功扣住率: 评价标准: 成功: 撤除球囊后支架扣随即卡住; 失败: 撤除球囊后 支架没有扣住, 向尿道腔内滑。
3. 结果
①支架疗效: 见表 20
表 20: 新型滑扣支架疗效
Figure imgf000026_0001
从表中可以看出, PDO边缘滑扣型支架均能在常规释放压力下释放 (10-14atm),支架 均能成功扣住, 没有支架向管腔内卷曲; 支架基本维持预先设定的管腔直径, 具有极低 的急性弹性回縮率 (5 %)。 证明此支架设计操作可行。
实施例 12 支架在肠道狭窄疾病中的应用
一、 肠道狭窄实验猪造模型
①术前 6小时禁食, 术前 30分给予阿托品 0.02mg/kg、 氯胺酮 10mg/Kg肌注麻醉, 并固定于操作台上 。
②经左侧腹切口入腹, 分离降结肠。 采用局部缝縮法使降结肠狭窄 50%, 逐层缝合 关腹, 术后常规抗菌素治疗。
二、 PDO中间滑扣型支架植入实验猪肠道腔中 1. 材料与方法:
材料: PDO中间滑扣型支架(支架长度 40mm *支架的直径 20mm)各 4个、 橡皮软 管、 导丝、支架递送系统和压力泵、肠道狭窄实验猪 4只、 实验猪原先肠道腔径 20 ± 18, 造模后肠道腔径为 10 ±2mm。
方法:
①术前常规注射 10mg 654-2和 10mg安定, 在肠镜直视下, 将超滑导丝插送过结肠 狭窄段至远端结肠, 沿导丝引入双腔导管, 在 X线监视下注入 60%泛影葡胺注射液, 造 影观察狭窄段情况, 选择适宜尺寸的支架;
②将导管进一步深入至狭窄段远端并交换软头超硬导丝, 在 X光监视下, 沿导丝将 支架递送系统插入到肠道靶部位, 12-14atm*30秒扩张释放支架;
③回吸球囊成负压, 后撤球囊, 沿导丝全部撤出递送系统。
2. 观测指标
①猪肠道腔直径: 球囊撤除后, 测量支架处肠道腔内直径。
②急性弹性回縮率: 支架急性弹性回縮率 = (支架充分扩张时直径 -球囊撤除后支架直 径 y支架充分扩张时直径。
③成功扣住率: 评价标准: 成功: 撤除球囊后支架扣随即卡住; 失败: 撤除球囊后 支架没有扣住, 向肠道腔内滑。
3. 结果
①支架疗效: 见表 21
表 21 : 新型中间滑扣型支架疗效
Figure imgf000027_0001
从表中可以看出, PDO中间滑扣型支架均能在常规释放压力下释放 (10-14atm),支架 均能成功扣住, 没有支架向管腔内卷曲; 支架基本维持预先设定的管腔直径, 具有极低 的急性弹性回縮率 (5 %)。 证明此支架设计操作可行。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式, 应当指出, 对于本技术领域的普通技术人员, 在不脱离本发明方法的前提下, 还可以做出若干改进和补充, 这些改进和补充也应视为 本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种新型滑扣生物可吸收支架作为心血管系统支架或者管腔支架在心血管或者 管腔狭窄疾病中的应用。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的新型滑扣生物可吸收支架的应用, 其特征在于, 所述的心 血管系统狭窄疾病是指冠状动脉狭窄、 颈动脉狭窄、 肾动脉狭窄、 肺动脉及其分支狭窄, 主动脉及其分支狭窄或体肺静脉狭窄。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的新型滑扣生物可吸收支架的应用, 其特征在于, 所述的管 腔狭窄疾病是指气管、 食道、 胆道、 尿道或肠道狭窄疾病。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的新型滑扣生物可吸收支架的应用, 其特征在于, 所述的支 架包括:
扁平的支架本体, 所述支架本体具有网孔结构;
位于所述支架本体一端的支架头部, 所述支架头部与支架本体一体成形, 其大小与 所述支架本体相适应, 所述支架头部在所述支架的卷曲过程中起滑扣作用; 和
支架扣, 所述支架扣也与所述支架本体一体成形, 用于在所述支架的卷曲过程中将 支架固定成管状的支架扣。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的新型滑扣生物可吸收支架的应用, 其特征在于, 所述的支 架材料为聚对二氧环己酮 (PD0)、 聚乳酸 (PLA)、 聚对二氧环己酮 (PD0)、 聚己内脂 (PCL)、 聚乙醇酸 (PGA)或聚羟基丁酸 (PHB)高分子聚合物。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的新型滑扣生物可吸收支架的应用, 其特征在于, 所述的支 架材料为聚对二氧环己酮 (PD0)。
7. 根据权利要求 4所述的新型滑扣生物可吸收支架的应用, 其特征在于, 所述的支 架还包括递送装置, 所述的递送装置包括:
外套管, 其具有一近端、 一远端以及二端之间延伸的内腔; 和
内鞘管, 其具有一近端、 一远端以及二端之间延伸的内腔, 所述内鞘管的外径适合 于滑动地插入所述外套管的管腔中; 和
球囊导管, 其具有一近端、 一远端以及二端之间延伸的内腔, 所述球囊导管的外径 适合于滑动地插入所述内鞘管的管腔中, 球囊导管的远端具有球囊, 薄片状的一体化滑 扣支架可设置在所述球囊上, 经导管递送到狭窄管腔内。
8. 一种新型生物可吸收支架, 其特征在于,所述的支架包括: 卡扣型、边缘滑扣型、 中间滑扣型和双扣型支架, 其中,
双扣型支架包括: 扁平的支架本体, 所述支架本体具有网孔结构;
位于所述支架本体一端的支架头部, 所述支架头部与支架本体一体成形, 其大小与 所述支架本体相适应, 所述支架头部在所述支架的卷曲过程中起滑扣作用; 和
支架扣, 所述支架扣也与所述支架本体一体成形, 包括位于支架本体两侧的齿结构 和支架头部的支架头部的扣,用于在所述支架的卷曲过程中将支架固定成管状的支架扣。
PCT/CN2010/078664 2010-11-12 2010-11-12 一种滑扣生物可吸收支架及其应用 WO2012061992A1 (zh)

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