WO2012059164A1

WO2012059164A1 - Mechanical switch for an on-load tap changer

Info

Publication number: WO2012059164A1
Application number: PCT/EP2011/005091
Authority: WO
Inventors: Wolfgang Albrecht; Klaus HÖPFL; Silke Wrede
Original assignee: Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh
Priority date: 2010-11-02
Filing date: 2011-10-12
Publication date: 2012-05-10
Also published as: CN203250656U; DE102010050264A1; DE202010017792U1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a mechanical switch for making and breaking electrical connections. The mechanical switch comprises a drive unit having a driving shaft, which rotates about a linear axis, and at least one driver of a stepping drive, which is connected to the driving shaft either such that they rotate together or else via a freewheeling mechanism. Furthermore, operating elements (studs, welders, etc.) are arranged at predefined positions along the external circumference of the driver of the stepping drive. The mechanical switch furthermore comprises at least one driven element, which is arranged on a second shaft, of the stepping drive (roller star, star wheel, Maltese-cross wheel etc.), which respectively interacts with at least one moving electrical contact element. The switching process of the mechanical switch may be carried out independently of the rotation direction of the driving shaft. The invention now provides that, in the event of a rotary movement of the driving shaft through a predefined angle, the at least one driving element interacts with the stepping switching unit such that a rotary movement of the at least one driven shaft takes place through a defined rotation angle, wherein the first moving electrical contact element is electrically conductively connected to a first stationary electrical contact element and/or to second and/or further stationary electrical contact elements, or an electrically conductive connection between the first moving electrical contact element and the first stationary electrical contact element, and/or the second and/or further stationary electrical contact elements is broken.

Description

Mechanical switch for an on-load tap-changer

The present invention relates to a mechanical switch for making and breaking electrical connections. The mechanical switch comprises a drive unit with a driving shaft which rotates about a linear axis and at least one driver of a step transmission which is rotationally fixed or also connected via freewheeling to the driving shaft. Further, actuators (cams, rollers, etc.) are arranged at predefined positions along the outer periphery of the driver of the indexer. The mechanical switch further comprises at least one arranged on a second shaft driven element of the step transmission (roller star, star wheel, Geneva wheel, etc.), which cooperates with at least one movable electrical contact element. The switching operation of the mechanical switch can be independent of the direction of rotation of the driving shaft.

Mechanical switches are already known from the prior art. For example, WO 2007/042088 A1 discloses a switch in which an electrical contact can be closed via the actuation of a switching lever. Several of these switches can be used as part of this

Revelation be summarized to a switching unit. If an electrical contact is to be closed, then a predefined setting movement of the switch must take place. The primary object of the invention is to provide a simple mechanical switch available that works in the simplest possible but reliable way, which is independent of the switching direction and also makes the switching sequence variable. This object is achieved by a mechanical switch with the features of claim 1. Features of advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims. Thus, the invention provides a mechanical switch to solve the above problem

Establishing and releasing electrical connections. The mechanical switch comprises a drive unit with a driving shaft which rotates about a linear axis and at least one driver of a step transmission which is rotationally fixed or also connected via freewheeling to the driving shaft. The driver may be formed as a circular disk and, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, be concentric with the driving shaft. By the non-rotatable or freewheeling connection of the driving shaft With the driver can be triggered by a rotational movement of the driving shaft, a rotational movement of the driver.

Next are at predefined positions along the outer periphery of the driver

Actuators (cams, rollers, etc.) arranged. Here is at least one

Actuator available, however, in preferred embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of actuators along the outer periphery of the driver are arranged. This makes it possible that several arranged on parallel axes in the same pitch circle, similar switching units synchronously or offset by a defined angle can be actuated. In the present embodiment, a cam gear is preferably described; but it can also other stepper such. Bevel gear, Geneva gear or similar are used. The possible freewheeling of the driver on the driving shaft allows a delay of the switch operation when changing direction. By arranging further stepping gear units on the same axes as many separate switch according to the invention can be arranged in different forms, possibly with or without freewheeling one above the other. All these switches can be actuated by rotational movement of the common drive unit. According to the rotational movement of the driven shaft or the plurality of driven waves to a defined and possibly the same, but usually due to the existing gear ratios differing rotational angle, so that the first electrical contact element with a rotational movement of the driving shaft by a predefined angle second electrical contact element is electrically conductively connected or an electrically conductive connection between the first electrical

Contact element and the second electrical contact element is dissolved. The invention should not be limited to the release and / or connecting only two electrical contacts. Rather, a plurality of electrical contact elements may be present, so that the first contact element and / or further contact elements with the second contact element and / or further contact elements during a rotational movement of the second shaft are brought together.

The predefined angle of the driving shaft can be, for example, 120 degrees in an advantageous variant. The defined angle by which the first driven shaft and / or the second driven shaft is rotated at a 120 ° rotation of the driving shaft may, for example, be 90 degrees. Thus, a plurality of electrical contacts can be arranged offset by 90 ° about the axis of rotation of the second shaft, so that by means of the first and / or further electrical contacts through a rotational movement of the driven shafts by 90 ° one or more electrical contacts can be connected or disconnected.

Locking contours integrated in the indexing gear interlock positively and avoid the unintentional release or closing of two electrical connections between them

Switching operations. Particularly advantageous in the present embodiment with

Camming step gear is the successive rolling relative movement of the form-fitting interlocking locking elements, whereby friction and wear are minimized.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments using the drawings described.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a mechanical switch.

Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of an arrangement of electrical contact elements of an embodiment of a mechanical switch of the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows another perspective view of an arrangement of electrical contact elements of an embodiment of a mechanical switch of the present invention according to FIG

Rotational movement of a driven shaft.

Fig. 4 shows a plan view of an arrangement of electrical contact elements of a

Embodiment of a mechanical switch of the present invention.

Fig. 5 shows various ways to switch electrical contact elements of a mechanical switch according to the invention.

1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a mechanical switch 1. The mechanical switch 1 comprises a drive unit 3 with a driving shaft 13 rotating about a linear axis A. Further, on the driving shaft 13 there is a first stepping gear driver 5, 7 and a second Stepping gear 9, 11 arranged. The stepping gear drivers 5/7 and 9/1 1 are rotatably connected to the driving shaft 13 of the drive unit 3. At each of the Stepping gear 5/7 and 9/11 along the outer periphery in the 120 ° angle offset driving elements 16, here in the form of adjusting cams arranged. Further, the mechanical switch 1 comprises a stepping unit 4 cooperating with the driving elements 16 of the stepping gear drivers 5/7 and 9/1 and having a first driven shaft 15. On the first driven shaft 15 is a first movable electrical contact element 17 (see FIG , Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). Further, fixed to the first driven shaft 15 roller stars 25 are connected. In a rotational movement of the driving shaft 13 about the linear axis A, a torque or a rotational adjusting movement via the driving elements 16 to the

Roller stars 25 passed so that the first driven shaft 15 is rotated about the linear axis B in motion. In the present case, the first driven shaft 15 is rotated by 90 ° by a rotation of the driving shaft 13 by 120 °. As a result of the rotational movement of the first driven shaft 15, a first movable electrical contact element 17 can be conductively connected to a first stationary electrical contact element 19 and / or a second movable electrical contact element 21 to second stationary electrical contact elements 23 (see FIG. 2, FIG 3 and 4). The second moving electric

Contact element 21 may be arranged on an optionally understood second driven shaft 31. The second driven shaft 31 may be located on the same axis of rotation B as the first driven shaft 15, but is decoupled from this in order to realize independent switching states. The torque transmission or adjusting movement to the second driven shaft 31 takes place in the shown embodiment via the lower stepping gear drivers 9/11. The torque transmission to the first driven shaft 15 takes place in the one shown

Embodiment via the upper stepping gear drivers 5/7.

The schematic representation of FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of an arrangement of the previously explained with reference to FIG. 1 electrical contact elements 17, 19, 22 and 23 of the mechanical switch 1. The electrically conductive connection between the first movable electrical contact element 17 and the first fixed electrical Contact element 19 is hereby solved or interrupted. The electrically conductive connection between the first movable electrical contact element 17 and a second fixed electrical contact element 23 is produced here. The first fixed electrical contact element 19 and the further or second fixed electrical contact elements 23 are arranged on busbars 27. The rigid busbars 27 are made of electrically conductive material. Furthermore, a second movable electrical contact element 21 is present, which is in an electrically conductive manner with two of the further or second stationary electrical contact elements 23. The first fixed electrical contact element 19 and the further or second fixed electrical contact elements 23 are arranged and fastened in the embodiment shown via screw 29 to the busbars 27. The first movable electrical contact element 17 follows due to its rotationally fixed connection synchronously to the rotational movement of the first driven Shaft 15. The second movable electrical contact element 21 follows due to its rotationally fixed connection synchronously with the rotational movement of the second driven shaft 31 (see FIG. 1). The rotational movement of the first movable electrical contact element 17 can thus take place independently of the rotational movement of the second movable electrical contact element 21. The second and / or further electrical contact elements 19 and 21 may be designed in terms of their geometric and functional design such that they optionally connect a plurality of bus bars 27 with each other.

The schematic perspective view of Fig. 3 shows a further switching position of the electrical contact elements 17, 19, 21 and 23 of the mechanical switch 1 after a rotational movement of the first driven shaft 15 by a rotation angle of 90 degrees. The first movable electrical contact element 17 is conductively connected to the first fixed electrical contact element 19 in connection. Compared to FIG. 2, a rotational movement of the first driven shaft 5 and thus of the first movable electrical contact element 17 about the vertical axis B shown in FIG. 1 is now carried out by 90 ° in FIG. 3. Since the first driven shaft 15 and the second driven shaft 31 can rotate independently of each other, no rotational movement of the second driven shaft 31 and the rotatably connected second movable electrical contact element 21 takes place in FIG. The illustration of FIG. 4 shows a plan view of the exemplary one already described above

Arrangement of the movable and fixed electrical contact elements 17, 19, 21 and 23 of the mechanical switch 1. The first movable electrical contact 17 is electrically connected to the first fixed electrical contact 19 and the second fixed electrical contact 23 in connection. The first movable electrical contact 17 in

Connecting first fixed electrical contact 19 is arranged at two of the four at 90 ° angle regularly arranged busbars 27 and secured by means of screwing.

The schematically drawn circuit diagrams of FIG. 5 show various possibilities of switching electrical contact elements 17, 19 and 23 according to the present invention. With regard to the first switching arrangement 33, the first movable electrical contact elements 17 can be switched selectively with the first fixed electrical contact elements 19 or second fixed electrical contact elements 23. The lower of the two second fixed electrical contact elements 23 are electrically conductively connected to each other. This can be done, for example, via the arrangement on a common busbar 27, as shown for example in FIG. Shown is also a second switching arrangement 35 having dissolved electrical connections 43. The third switching arrangement 37 shows a further alternative switching arrangement, in which the two lower second fixed electrical contact elements 23 are conductive with each other are connected while between the two upper second fixed electrical

Contact elements 23 no conductive connection is made. In the fourth shown

Switching arrangement 39, the two upper second fixed electrical contact elements 23 are electrically conductively connected to each other, while between the two lower second fixed electrical contact elements 23 no electrically conductive connection is present.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 mechanical switch

3 drive unit

4 stepping unit

5/7 first stepper gear driver

9/11 second stepper driver

13 driving wave

15 first driven shaft

16 driving element

17 first moving electrical contact element

19 first fixed electrical contact element

21 second movable electrical contact element

23 second or further fixed electrical contact element

25 roll star

27 busbar

29 screw connection

31 second driven shaft

33 First switching arrangement

35 Second switching arrangement

37 Third switching arrangement

39 Fourth switching arrangement

43 Disconnected electrical connection

Claims

claims

1. Mechanical switch (1) for producing and releasing electrical connections and / or for switching between different electrical connections, in particular for an on-load tap-changer, comprising

a drive unit (3) having a driving shaft (13) rotating about a linear axis and at least one stepping gear driver (5, 7, 9, 11) connected to the driving shaft (13) and having at predetermined positions along an outer periphery of the stepping gear driver ( 5, 7, 9, 11) arranged driving elements (16), and

at least one with the driving elements (16) of

A stepping gear driver (5, 7, 9, 11) interacting with a stepping unit (4) having at least one driven shaft (15; 31) with at least one first movable electrical means disposed on the driven shaft (15; 31)

Contact element (17),

wherein during a rotational movement of the driving shaft (13) by a predefined angle the at least one driving element (16) cooperates with the stepping unit (4) such that a rotational movement of the at least one driven shaft (15; 31) takes place by a defined angle of rotation, wherein the first movable electric

Contact element (17) with a first fixed electrical contact element (19) and / or with second or further fixed electrical contact elements (23) is electrically conductively connected or an electrically conductive connection between the first movable electrical contact element (17) and the first fixed electrical contact element (19) and / or second or further fixed electrical contact elements (23) is dissolved.

2. Mechanical switch according to claim 1, wherein the drive unit (3) at least one with the driving shaft (13) rotatably connected first stepping gear driver (5/7) with arranged at predefined positions along the outer circumference driving elements (16) and wherein during rotational movement the driving shaft (13) at a further predefined angle the driving element (16) of the first

Stepping gear (5/7) with the step switching unit (4) cooperates such that a rotational movement of the driven shaft (15) by a defined rotational angle, wherein the first movable electrical contact element (17) with the first fixed electrical contact element (19) electrically conductive communicates or an electric conductive connection between the first (17) and the second electrical contact element (19) is dissolved.

3. A mechanical switch according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the

Stepping unit (4) comprises a second driven shaft (31) arranged thereon second movable electrical contact (21) and the drive unit (3) rotatably connected to the driving shaft (13) second stepping gear driver (9/11) with at predefined positions along the outer periphery arranged driving elements (16), and

wherein upon a rotational movement of the driving shaft (13) by a predefined angle, the at least one driving element (16) of the second stepping gear driver (9/11) cooperates with the second driven shaft (31) of the stepping unit (4) such that a rotational movement of the second driven shaft (31) takes place by a defined angle of rotation, wherein the second movable electrical contact element (21) with the first fixed electrical contact element (19) or another stationary electrical contact element (23) is electrically conductively connected or an electrically conductive connection between the first movable electrical contact element (17) and the first fixed (19) or another fixed electrical

Contact element (23) is dissolved.

4. Mechanical switch according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the

Rotational movement of the driving shaft (13) about a linear axis (A) takes place and the rotational movement of the first driven shaft (15) and / or the second driven shaft (31) about a linear axis (B) and wherein the linear axes (A , B) at least approximately parallel to each other.

A mechanical switch according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the predefined angle of the driving shaft (13) is about 120 degrees and the defined angle of the first driven shaft (15) and / or the second driven shaft (31) is about 90 degrees is.

6. Mechanical switch according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein on the driving shaft (13) and / or the second driven shaft (31) in each case at least one locking element is arranged, which has the contour of a circular arc segment, and wherein at the first driven Shaft (15) is arranged with respect to its contour adaptively adapted to the blocking element and with this corresponding receiving element, and wherein in predetermined rotation angles of the driving shaft (13), the locking element and the receiving element engage in a form-fitting manner.

7. A mechanical switch according to claim 6, wherein along the movement path of the receiving element on one or both sides of the blocking element in each case a roller is arranged.