WO2012058982A1 - 近晶态液晶彩色显示器 - Google Patents

近晶态液晶彩色显示器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012058982A1
WO2012058982A1 PCT/CN2011/079541 CN2011079541W WO2012058982A1 WO 2012058982 A1 WO2012058982 A1 WO 2012058982A1 CN 2011079541 W CN2011079541 W CN 2011079541W WO 2012058982 A1 WO2012058982 A1 WO 2012058982A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
color
layer
conductive electrode
liquid crystal
electrode layer
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PCT/CN2011/079541
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙刚
田丽
万丽芳
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苏州汉朗光电有限公司
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Application filed by 苏州汉朗光电有限公司 filed Critical 苏州汉朗光电有限公司
Priority to JP2013535252A priority Critical patent/JP2013541051A/ja
Priority to EP11837508.8A priority patent/EP2620811A1/en
Priority to US13/508,781 priority patent/US20120242943A1/en
Publication of WO2012058982A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012058982A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133514—Colour filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/141—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent using ferroelectric liquid crystals
    • G02F1/1418—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent using ferroelectric liquid crystals using smectic liquid crystals, e.g. based on the electroclinic effect
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/133342—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods for double-sided displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/13756—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering the liquid crystal selectively assuming a light-scattering state

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a display device, and more particularly to a near-crystalline liquid crystal display capable of displaying images on both sides in full color. Background technique
  • Liquid crystal display is one of the most widely used and most promising flat panel display devices.
  • the conventional liquid crystal display is a backlight structure display, which comprises a plurality of optical film layers such as a polarizer, a prism sheet and a color filter which are sequentially stacked, wherein the polarizer and the color filter are indispensable for realizing image color display. An important part of.
  • the current measure is to use a backlight that is two to three times brighter than the brightness of the display screen, but this makes the display's energy consumption greatly increased.
  • a near-crystalline liquid crystal display device capable of displaying an image in color uses a liquid crystal layered dyeing scheme.
  • Such a near-crystalline liquid crystal display device generally has a two-layer or three-layer structure.
  • each layer structure mainly consists of a mixed layer between the upper and lower base layers and the upper and lower base layers, since the color of the dichroic dye added by the mixed layer in each layer structure is different (for example, The three layers are respectively added with cyan, magenta, and yellow dichroic dyes of different colors), so each layer structure displays different colors, and the three layers are superimposed on each other and formed on a white reflecting plate.
  • the display device of the three-layer structure mainly consists of a mixed layer between the upper and lower base layers and the upper and lower base layers, since the color of the dichroic dye added by the mixed layer in each layer structure is different (for example, The three layers are respectively added with cyan, magenta, and yellow dichroic dyes of different colors), so each layer structure displays different colors, and the three layers
  • the three-layer structure display device can realize the function of displaying images in multiple colors, including black and white display, by superimposing and combining the colors of the dichroic dyes in the three-layer structure.
  • a near-crystalline liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal layered dyeing scheme also has the following drawbacks.
  • the light passes through the six base layers and is reflected back.
  • the reflectivity is no more than 30%, which makes the display device's reflectivity low and does not reach the display. Claim.
  • the dichroic dye molecules will have a certain light absorption property and exhibit a certain color, which will further reduce the transmittance of light, generally Will be far below 30%, the display effect is difficult to achieve.
  • the entire image of the display device is equivalent to being displayed on a three-layer plane, and the reflection of light on different planes causes parallax, which affects the display effect, and drives the liquid crystal molecules in the three-layer structure each time it is displayed. Therefore, the peripheral driving circuit of the display device is quite complicated, and the lightness of the entire display device is affected.
  • the existing reflectors mounted on the near-crystalline liquid crystal display device capable of displaying images in color can only display images on one side.
  • the demand for liquid crystal displays has become more and more diversified, and the liquid crystal display of double-sided display has also begun to generate application requirements in various fields, such as roadside billboards.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a smectic liquid crystal color display capable of displaying a color image on both sides.
  • a near-crystalline liquid crystal color display comprising a first base layer and a second base layer, wherein a mixed layer is provided between the first base layer and the second base layer, the mixed layer is mixed by a smectic liquid crystal and an additive a first conductive electrode layer is disposed on a side of the first substrate layer facing the mixed layer, and a second conductive electrode layer is disposed on a side of the second substrate layer facing the mixed layer, wherein: One side of a conductive electrode layer or one side of the second conductive electrode layer is provided with a color film layer.
  • the advantages of the present invention are as follows: 1.
  • the display of the present invention can simultaneously display an image on both front and back sides, and the images displayed on both sides are effective. 2.
  • the display of the present invention does not use a polarizer and does not use a multi-layer structure, and therefore, the display of the present invention greatly reduces the polarization due to polarization.
  • the loss of light energy caused by the film or multilayer structure greatly improves the utilization of light energy, increases the brightness of the display, and improves The display effect. 3.
  • the display of the invention can achieve the effect of full color display by using a single color film layer, and at the same time, the display of the invention eliminates the parallax generated by the multi-layer structure of the existing near-crystalline liquid crystal display device capable of displaying images in color. Defects, clear image display, high contrast, and the entire display is very thin and light, the peripheral drive circuit is also simple, not complicated, and the manufacturing process complexity and production cost of the display are greatly reduced. 4.
  • the display of the present invention is imaged by means of scattered light. Compared with the transmission or reflection type, the scattered light is present in all directions, thus increasing the viewing angle of the display of the present invention, so that the display of the present invention is in various directions. Both have a good display effect. 5.
  • the design of the AR film and/or the AG film allows the protective layer of the present invention to prevent specular reflection on the surface of the display, so that the surface of the display does not produce reflection or glare, which protects the viewer's vision.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a smectic liquid crystal color display of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of a smectic liquid crystal color display of the present invention
  • RGBW type color film layer 4 is a schematic structural view of a RGBW type color film layer
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of an RGB type color film layer
  • Fig. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the principle of display in which the R color patch is displayed in red (light is incident from the first base layer);
  • Fig. 7 is an explanatory view showing the principle of display of the R color patch in red (light is incident from the second base layer).
  • the smectic liquid crystal color display of the present invention comprises a first base layer 11 and a second base layer 12, and the materials of the first base layer 11 and the second base layer 12 may be glass or plastic.
  • the plastic may be a transparent plastic film or a transparent hard plastic plate.
  • the first base layer 11 and the second base layer 12 are provided with a mixed layer 13 composed of a smectic liquid crystal and an additive.
  • a first conductive electrode layer 14 is disposed on a side of the first base layer 11 facing the mixed layer 13
  • a second conductive electrode layer 15 is disposed on a side of the second base layer 12 facing the mixed layer 13 .
  • the first conductive electrode layer 14 and the second conductive electrode layer 15 are connected to an external driving control device (not shown), and the first conductive electrode layer 14 and the second conductive electrode layer 15 are transparent, which may be ITO ( Indium tin oxide, etc., and an auxiliary metal electrode such as aluminum, copper, silver, or the like can be used as needed.
  • a color film layer 16 is disposed on one side of the first conductive electrode layer 14 or one side of the second conductive electrode layer 15.
  • FIG. 1 shows a case where the color film layer 16 is disposed on the surface of the first conductive electrode layer 14 facing the first base layer 11, and FIG. 2 shows that the color film layer 16 is disposed on the first conductive electrode layer 14. Facing the condition on the surface of the mixed layer 13.
  • the case where the color film layer 16 is disposed on one side of the second conductive electrode layer 15 is not illustrated, and the color film layer 16 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 is disposed in the first conductive electrode layer 14 The situation on one side is understood, and will not be described here. Whether the color film layer 16 is disposed on one side of the first conductive electrode layer 14 or on one side of the second conductive electrode layer 15, both of them can achieve the advantageous effects to be achieved by the present invention.
  • the smectic liquid crystal is a mixture of a siloxy group-containing compound, tetracyanotetraoctylbiphenyl or tetradecanoic acid tetracyanobiphenyl, or a mixture of any of them.
  • the additive is a compound having a conductive property such as a compound containing a conductive ion such as cetyltriethylammonium bromide.
  • the thickness of the mixed layer 13 is on the order of microns.
  • the smectic liquid crystal (microscopically expressed as a smectic liquid crystal molecule, see below) accounts for 90% to 99.999% of the total weight of the mixture, and the additive accounts for 0.001% to 10% of the total weight of the mixture. If the ratio of the additive to the total weight of the mixture is less than 0.001%, since the additive is too small, the reciprocating motion of the ions in the additive according to the change in the potential difference between the row and column electrodes cannot change the smectic liquid crystal molecules. Arrange the shape, that is, the color display of the sub-pixel points cannot be controlled.
  • the smectic liquid crystal may comprise 90% of the total weight of the mixture, and the additive comprises 10% by weight of the total mixture.
  • the smectic liquid crystal may comprise 99.999% by weight of the total mixture, and the additive comprises 0.001% by weight of the total mixture.
  • the smectic liquid crystal may comprise 95% by weight of the total mixture, and the additive comprises 5% by weight of the total mixture.
  • the smectic liquid crystal may comprise 98% by weight of the total mixture, and the additive comprises 2% by weight of the total mixture.
  • the smectic liquid crystal may comprise 91% by weight of the total mixture, and the additive comprises 9% by weight of the total mixture.
  • the smectic liquid crystal may comprise 99% by weight of the total mixture, and the additive comprises 1% by weight of the total mixture.
  • the smectic liquid crystal may comprise 92% by weight of the total mixture, and the additive comprises 8% by weight of the total mixture.
  • a mixture of near-crystalline liquid crystal and additives is prepared by casting.
  • the color film layer 16 is first pasted on the first base layer 11, and then the first conductive electrode layer 14 and the second conductive layer are respectively plated on the color film layer 16 and the second base layer 12.
  • the mixed layer 13 is filled in the nip between the conductive electrode layer 14 and the second conductive electrode layer 15.
  • the filling process is similar to the conventional STN (Super Twisted Nematic) process, except that:
  • the filling process used in the present invention does not have PI (polyimide, polyimide) in the conventional STN filling process.
  • the three layers of the alignment layer, the polarizing film, and the color filter are necessary to heat the smectic liquid crystal doped with the additive to a certain temperature, generally above 60 ° C, until the smectic with the additive is added.
  • the conventional STN filling process can be used for vacuum filling.
  • the color film layer in the display of the present invention may be an RGBW type color film layer.
  • the RGBW type color film layer is composed of a plurality of color developing units 161 (a circle in FIG. 4 shows a color developing unit 161, and a color developing unit is arranged in an MXN matrix structure), each of which is
  • the color developing unit 161 is composed of four color blocks of an R color block, a G color block, a B color block, and a W color block arranged in a 2 ⁇ 2 matrix structure.
  • the first conductive electrode layer 14 and the second conductive electrode layer 15 need to be set as follows:
  • a conductive electrode layer 14 is composed of 2M strip-shaped row electrodes 141 arranged in parallel (having a certain interval between adjacent row electrodes), and the second conductive electrode layer 15 is composed of 2N strip-shaped column electrodes 151 arranged in parallel (adjacent columns)
  • the 2M strip-shaped row electrodes 141 of the first conductive electrode layer 14 are orthogonal to the 2N strip-shaped column electrodes 151 of the second conductive electrode layer 15 so that the first conductive electrode layer 14 and the first conductive electrode layer 14
  • the two conductive electrode layers 15 form a 2M x 2N sub-pixel dot array.
  • the sub-pixel dot array formed by the row and column electrodes is schematically illustrated, and the portion indicated by the reference numeral 20 in the figure is one sub-pixel dot.
  • 2M X 2N sub-pixel dots 20 formed by the first conductive electrode layer 14 and the second conductive electrode layer 15 correspond to 2M X 2N color patches of the RGBW type color film layer, that is, one color of the RGBW type color film layer
  • the block corresponds to a corresponding one of the sub-pixels 20, and the four sub-pixels 20 corresponding to the four color blocks in the color-developing unit 161 constitute one pixel.
  • the pixel point is a basic unit for displaying an image
  • the displayed image is composed of a plurality of pixel points
  • one pixel point is respectively corresponding to the corresponding four color blocks.
  • the four sub-pixels are constructed together.
  • the two conductive electrode layers 14 and 15 and the intermediate mixed layer 13 form a large capacitance structure, and four sub-pixel points in each pixel point form four separate areas. Capacitor structure.
  • the color film layer in the display of the present invention may also be an RGB type color film layer.
  • the RGB type color film layer is composed of a plurality of color developing units 162 (the circle in FIG. 5 shows a color developing unit 162, and the color developing units are arranged in an MXN matrix structure), each of which is
  • the color developing unit 162 is composed of three color blocks of an R color block, a G color block, and a B color block arranged in a 1 ⁇ 3 matrix structure.
  • the first conductive electrode layer 14 and the second conductive electrode layer 15 need to be disposed as follows:
  • the first conductive electrode layer 14 is composed of M parallel strip-shaped row electrodes 141 (phase
  • the second conductive electrode layer 15 is composed of 3N strip-shaped column electrodes 151 arranged in parallel (having a certain interval between adjacent column electrodes), and M strip lines of the first conductive electrode layer 14
  • the electrode 141 is orthogonal to the 3N strip-shaped column electrodes 151 of the second conductive electrode layer 15 such that the first conductive electrode layer 14 and the second conductive electrode layer 15 form an array of sub-pixel dots of M x 3N. As shown in FIG.
  • the sub-pixel dot array formed by the row and column electrodes is schematically illustrated, and the portion indicated by the reference numeral 20 in the figure is one sub-pixel dot.
  • the M x 3N sub-pixel dots 20 formed by the first conductive electrode layer 14 and the second conductive electrode layer 15 correspond to the N 3N color patches of the RGB color film layer, that is, one color of the RGB color film layer.
  • Block and phase Corresponding one sub-pixel point 20 corresponds to one, and three sub-pixel points 20 corresponding to three color blocks in the color-developing unit 162 constitute one pixel point.
  • the pixel point is a basic unit for displaying an image
  • the displayed image is composed of a plurality of pixel points
  • one pixel point is respectively corresponding to three corresponding color blocks.
  • the three sub-pixels are constructed together.
  • the two conductive electrode layers 14 and 15 and the intermediate mixed layer 13 form a capacitor structure with an area of 4 ⁇ , and three separate areas are formed at three sub-pixel positions in each pixel. Small capacitor structure.
  • the color film layer belongs to an existing product, so the material and specific structure thereof will not be described in detail.
  • a protective layer (not shown) may also be provided on the side of the first base layer 11 and the second base layer 12 facing outward.
  • the protective layer is made of PET or PC or a glass substrate which is coated or adhered to the first substrate layer 11 and the second substrate layer 12.
  • the protective layer disposed on one side of the first base layer 11 may be provided with an anti-reflective AR film and/or an anti-glare AG film on the surface of the first base layer 11 to protect the display and improve reading and viewing comfort.
  • the protective layer faces the surface of the first base layer 11 by first plating an AR film, and then plating an AG film.
  • the protective film disposed on the side of the second base layer 12 may also be provided with an AR film and/or an AG film on the surface of the second base layer 12 to protect the display, thereby improving reading and viewing comfort.
  • the protective layer may be plated with an AR film on the surface of the second base layer 12, and then an AG film may be plated.
  • the AR film and/or the AG film may be directly plated on the surfaces of the first base layer 11 and the second base layer 12 without providing a protective layer.
  • the driving control means controls the voltage signals applied to the respective electrodes on the first conductive electrode layer 14 and the second conductive electrode layer 15 in accordance with the image display requirements, so that the R, G, B, and W color blocks in the respective color developing units 161 correspond to each other.
  • the mixed layer portion is in a fog-like state or a fully transparent state or other progressive state, so that the R, G, B, and W patches in the respective color-developing units 161 display corresponding colors to the outside.
  • the area of the color developing unit 161 composed of R, G, B, and W color patches is small (the area of the color developing unit is the area of the pixel), it is a meter level, for example, 107 ⁇ 5 ⁇ , therefore, for one color rendering In the unit 161, the colors formed by the colors respectively displayed by the R, G, B, and W patches in the color-developing unit 161 are the colors that are finally displayed on the pixel points corresponding to the color-developing unit 161 ( That is, the color that the viewer can actually see). That is, by controlling the respective coloring unit 161 corresponding to The color of the four sub-pixel dots 20 causes each pixel to display the desired color, thereby causing the display to assume the desired color display state.
  • the color displayed by the W color block may be determined by the display colors of the other three R, G, and B color blocks in the color rendering unit 161.
  • the adjustment target of the W color block is to correspond to the coloring unit 161.
  • the brightness and color purity of the pixels reach a balance point.
  • a low-frequency high-voltage electrical signal is applied to the row and column electrodes corresponding to the R color block corresponding to the pixel (for example, positive and negative bidirectional pulses of about 100 volts, 50 Hz, and low-frequency high-voltage power applied to the row and column electrodes).
  • the voltage amplitude of the voltage waveform formed after the signal superposition is greater than the threshold voltage amplitude, and the threshold voltage is a voltage value for causing the morphological liquid crystal molecules to be driven to change in the arrangement state, which is determined according to the composition and thickness of the mixed layer.
  • a high-frequency high-voltage electric signal is applied to the row and column electrodes corresponding to the G and B color blocks corresponding to the pixel (for example, positive and negative bidirectional pulses of about 100 volts and 1 kHz, and high applied on the row and column electrodes)
  • the voltage amplitude of the voltage waveform formed by superimposing the frequency high voltage electric signal is greater than the threshold voltage amplitude).
  • the smectic liquid crystal molecules in the mixed layer portion corresponding to the R color block are twisted and become an out-of-order arrangement.
  • the smectic liquid crystal molecules in the mixed layer portion corresponding to the G color block and the B color block become a regular arrangement.
  • the light ray 30 incident from the side of the first base layer 11 is incident on the mixed layer 13 via the first base layer 11, the color film layer 16, and the first conductive electrode layer 14.
  • the mixed layer portion corresponding to the R color block because of the anisotropy of the smectic liquid crystal molecules (that is, since the light rays incident on the mixed layer portion pass through the long optical axes of the respective liquid crystal molecules, the respective liquid crystal molecules
  • the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules is different, and the refractive index of the light incident on each of the near-crystalline liquid crystal molecules is greatly different, that is, in the thin mixed layer portion corresponding to the R color block, the light refractive index A dramatic change occurs, and the light is strongly scattered in the mixed layer portion corresponding to the R color block, which is macroscopically an astigmatism effect (the portion of the mixed layer corresponding to the R color block exhibits a haze-like state, such as a matte Frosted glass generally), a large amount of light scattered in the
  • R shows red color block (in the present invention, such a manner of display color mode using scattered light imaging principle).
  • Regularly arranged near-crystalline state in the mixed layer portion corresponding to the G patch The long optical axis of the liquid crystal molecules is perpendicular to the planes of the first and second conductive electrode layers 14, 15, so that the refraction of the light incident on each of the smectic liquid crystal molecules does not change drastically, and the light can pass through the G color block freely.
  • the mixed layer portion (the mixed layer portion corresponding to the G color block exhibits a fully transparent state in a macroscopic manner) and is directly emitted from the second base layer 12, since the display image is realized by ambient light, the first base layer is vertically incident.
  • the light of 11 is very small, and most of the light is obliquely incident. Therefore, the light that can finally pass through the G color block is less, and the G color block does not display any color to the outside.
  • the long optical axes of the regularly arranged smectic liquid crystal molecules are perpendicular to the planes of the first and second conductive electrode layers 14, 15, and thus, the incident near smectic liquid crystals
  • the refraction of the light of the molecule does not change drastically, and the light can freely pass through the mixed layer portion corresponding to the B color block (the mixed layer portion corresponding to the B color block exhibits a fully transparent state in a macroscopic manner) and directly from the second base layer 12 Injection, since the display image is realized by ambient light, the light incident perpendicularly to the first substrate layer 11 is less, and most of the light is obliquely incident.
  • the light finally passing through the B color block is also 4 ⁇ .
  • the B color block is not displayed as any color.
  • the combination of the red R color block and the G and B color blocks that do not display the color causes their corresponding pixel points to eventually appear red.
  • the mixed layer portion corresponding to the R color patch exhibits a progressive state (the near-crystalline liquid crystal molecule is partially twisted), the R color patch exhibits a progressive red color (for example, a red color in a translucent state), thereby, the entire pixel point The red color of the progressive state is displayed externally.
  • the arrangement pattern of the liquid crystal molecules in the corresponding mixed layer portion is also arranged in an out-of-order state (presenting a fog-like light-shielding state) or a regular state (presenting the whole) by the control of the voltage signals on the corresponding row and column electrodes. Transparent state) or other transition state (presenting a progressive state).
  • the W color block has no selective transmission function for light, and all the light rays are always transmitted through the W color block. Therefore, for example, if the mixed layer portion corresponding to the W color block is in a fog-like dark state, the W color block is externally displayed. White, then, the brightness of the pixel is increased, but the red purity of the pixel is affected.
  • the W color block does not display the color externally (the principle is the same as above) G, B color block), then, the redness of the pixel display is increased (highest purity), but the brightness of the pixel is relatively low.
  • the display of the W color block can be determined by the R, G, and B color blocks. For example, the average value of the color values of the R, G, and B color blocks can be taken. As the luminance value of the W color block.
  • the pixels can be displayed in other colors.
  • the entire screen of the display has a colorful color effect, which meets the requirements of full color display.
  • the display principle of displaying the pixels as green, blue, and other colors is the same as that of the above-mentioned pixel display red, and therefore will not be described here. Regardless of the color of the pixel display, the display principle can be summarized as follows: The voltage signals applied to the row and column electrodes corresponding to the 1, G, B, and W patches are respectively controlled (the number of pulses, the frequency, and the voltage amplitude of the voltage signal are controlled).
  • the near-crystalline liquid crystal molecules in the mixed layer portion corresponding to the 1, G, B, and W patches are arranged in a corresponding form (for example, a regular arrangement form, a disordered arrangement form, a partially twisted form, etc.), R, G
  • the mixed layer portions corresponding to the B, W color patches respectively generate corresponding astigmatism effects (for example, a fog-like light-shielding state, a fully transparent state, a progressive state such as a translucent state, etc.), thereby R, G, B, W color patches
  • the corresponding colors are displayed respectively, and the colors displayed by the R, G, B, and W patches are combined to represent the final color of the corresponding pixel.
  • the difference from the RGBW color film layer is that there is no W color block, and the RGB color film layer cannot adjust the brightness and color purity of the pixel display color, but the image display principle and the RGBW color mode
  • the film layers are the same and will not be described here.
  • the display of the present invention when the display of the present invention is in an outdoor or light environment, the ambient light is incident on the display from various angles, so the display can simultaneously display the same image on both sides, and the image content displayed on one side is opposite to the other.
  • the displayed image content is flipped. That is to say, the viewer can see the image with the same display effect regardless of which side of the display.
  • an illumination source such as a white light source may be disposed around the display of the present invention.
  • the viewing direction should be avoided as much as possible with the illumination direction of the light source, and the illumination direction of the light source should be in phase with the direction of the viewer's line of sight, so as to achieve a good viewing effect.
  • the present invention when the first and second conductive electrode layers are loaded with a voltage signal, and the present invention produces scattering, full transparency, etc., the voltage can be removed.
  • the maintenance of the optical effect is maintained without voltage, that is, after the voltage is removed, the present invention can still maintain the light effect generated when the voltage is applied, and the applied voltage signal is only for changing the arrangement of the smectic liquid crystal molecules. .
  • such a state in which the electric effect is not required to be electrically driven is referred to as "multi-stable" or "quasi-static".
  • This "multi-stable" is because the additive uses a compound having a conductive property, and when a voltage signal is applied to the first and second conductive electrode layers, ions in the compound having a conductive property reciprocate according to a change in potential difference. This movement can change the arrangement of the near-crystalline liquid crystal molecules, and the changed morphology of the near-crystalline liquid crystal molecules does not require the continuous movement of the ions to be maintained, and is stable.
  • the advantages of the present invention are as follows: 1.
  • the display of the present invention can simultaneously display an image on both front and back sides, and the images displayed on both sides are effective. 2.
  • the display of the present invention does not use a polarizer and does not use a multi-layer structure, and therefore, the display of the present invention greatly reduces the polarization due to polarization.
  • the loss of light energy caused by the sheet or multi-layer structure greatly improves the utilization of light energy, increases the brightness of the display, and improves the display effect. 3.
  • the display of the invention can achieve the effect of full color display by using a single color film layer, and at the same time, the display of the invention eliminates the parallax generated by the multi-layer structure of the existing near-crystalline liquid crystal display device capable of displaying images in color. Defects, clear image display, high contrast, and the entire display is very thin and light, the peripheral drive circuit is also simple, not complicated, and the manufacturing process complexity and production cost of the display are greatly reduced. 4.
  • the display of the present invention adopts the principle of scattering light imaging. Compared with the transmission or reflection imaging, the scattered light is present in all directions, thus increasing the viewing angle of the display of the present invention, so that the display of the present invention is It has a good display in the direction. 5.
  • the protective layer in the present invention functions to prevent specular reflection on the surface of the display, so that the surface of the display does not cause reflection or glare, and protects the viewer's vision. 6. Since the display of the present invention is designed with a mixed layer composed of a near-crystalline liquid crystal and an additive, it also has many advantages due to the mixed layer, for example, multi-stable characteristics, low energy consumption, environmental protection, and the like. For details of the Chinese patent application No. 200710175959.9, an electronically controlled dimming medium, and the Chinese patent application No. 200810102000.7, the related advantages in the "Electrically Controlled Dimming Medium" .

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Description

近晶态液晶彩色显示器
本申请要求于 2010 年 11 月 09 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201010534282.5、 发明名称为"近晶态液晶彩色显示器"的中国专利申请的优先 权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明涉及一种显示装置， 尤指一种可双面全色彩显示图像的近晶态 液晶显示器。 背景技术
液晶显示器是目前应用范围最广、最有发展前景的平板显示器件之一。 传统的液晶显示器都是背光源结构显示器，其包括依次层叠的偏光片、 棱镜片、 滤色片等多个光学膜片层， 其中的偏光片和滤色片是实现图像彩 色显示所不可缺少的重要组成部分。 在实际应用中， 由于光线通过偏光片 时会有 50%左右的光能损失，再通过 RGB滤色片时又会有超过 40%的光能损 失， 这使得显示器本身的光通过率变得很小， 因此， 为了使显示的图像达 到适宜的亮度和对比度， 目前采取的措施是使用比显示器屏幕亮度亮两到 三倍的背光源来补充， 但是， 这就使得显示器的能耗大大增加。
目前已有的能彩色显示图像的近晶态液晶显示装置使用的是液晶分层 染色方案。 这种近晶态液晶显示装置一般具有双层或三层结构。 以三层结 构为例， 每层结构都主要由上、 下基体层和上、 下基体层间的混合层组成， 由于每层结构中的混合层添加的二色性染料的颜色不同 （例如， 三层分别 添加青蓝、 洋红、 黄色三种不同颜色的二色性染料） ， 因此每层结构显示 着不同的颜色， 将这三层结构互相叠加在一起且设置在一个白色反射板上 就形成了该三层结构的显示装置。 通过三层结构中的二色性染料颜色的组 合叠加， 该三层结构的显示装置便可以实现多色彩显示图像的功能， 包括 黑色和白色的显示。 但是， 这种采用液晶分层染色方案的近晶态液晶显示 装置也存在着如下缺陷。 在实际应用中， 光线通过六个基体层后再反射回 来， 反射率已不会超过 30% , 这使得显示装置的反射率很低， 达不到显示 要求。 此外， 即使每层结构中的近晶态液晶处于全透明状态时， 二色性染 料分子仍然会具有一定的吸光性， 呈现出一定的颜色， 这种情况会使光线 的透射率进一步降低， 一般会远远低于 30% , 显示效果难以尽如人意。 同 时， 该显示装置的整个图像相当于在三层平面上显示， 光线在不同平面上 的反射就会产生视差， 影响了显示效果， 而且每次显示时都要驱动三层结 构中的液晶分子， 所以该显示装置的外围驱动电路相当复杂， 整个显示装 置的轻巧性受到了影响。
另外， 由于传统的液晶显示器上安装的背光源的限制， 已有的能彩色 显示图像的近晶态液晶显示装置上安装的反射板的限制， 它们都只能单面 显示图像。 但是， 随着液晶显示技术的进一步发展， 人们对液晶显示器的 需求也越来越多样化，双面显示的液晶屏也开始在各个领域产生应用需求， 如路边广告牌等。
综上可见， 设计出一种光能利用率高、 结构筒单轻巧并且能双面显示 的彩色近晶态液晶显示器是目前亟需解决的问题。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种近晶态液晶彩色显示器， 该近晶态液晶彩 色显示器能双面显示彩色图像。
为了实现上述目的， 本发明采用了以下技术方案：
一种近晶态液晶彩色显示器， 包括第一基体层和第二基体层， 该第一 基体层与该第二基体层之间设有混合层， 该混合层由近晶态液晶和添加物 混合而成， 该第一基体层朝向该混合层的一侧设有第一导电电极层， 该第 二基体层朝向该混合层的一侧设有第二导电电极层， 其特征在于： 在该第 一导电电极层的其中一侧或该第二导电电极层的其中一侧设有彩膜层。
本发明的优点是： 1、本发明显示器可以在前后两面同时显示一幅图像， 且两面所显示的图像效果良好。 2、 与传统的液晶显示器和已有的能彩色显 示图像的近晶态液晶显示装置相比， 本发明显示器没有使用偏光片， 也没 有使用多层结构， 因此， 本发明显示器大幅减少了由于偏光片或多层结构 造成的光能损失， 极大提高了光能的利用率， 增加了显示器的亮度， 改善 了显示效果。 3、 本发明显示器通过使用单层彩膜层便可达到全色彩显示的 效果， 同时， 本发明显示器消除了已有的能彩色显示图像的近晶态液晶显 示装置由于多层结构所产生的视差缺陷， 图像显示清晰， 对比度高， 且整 个显示器十分轻薄， 外围驱动电路也筒单、 不复杂， 显示器的制作工艺复 杂度和制作成本极大降低。 4、 本发明显示器采用散射光线方式成像， 与透 射或反射式成像相比， 散射的光线是各个方向都存在的， 这样就增大了本 发明显示器的可视角度， 使本发明显示器在各个方向上都具有良好的显示 效果。 5、 AR膜和 /或 AG膜的设计使得本发明中的保护层起到了防止显示 器表面产生镜面反射的作用， 从而显示器表面不产生反光、 眩光， 保护了 观看者的视力。 附图说明
通过附图所示， 本发明的上述及其它目的、 特征和优势将更加清晰。 在全 部附图中相同的附图标记指示相同的部分。并未刻意按实际尺寸等比例缩放绘 制附图， 重点在于示出本发明的主旨。
图 1是本发明近晶态液晶彩色显示器的第一实施例结构组成示意图； 图 2是本发明近晶态液晶彩色显示器的第二实施例结构组成示意图； 图 3是排列成横竖点阵列状的第一和第二导电电极层示意图；
图 4是 RGBW型彩膜层的结构示意图；
图 5是 RGB型彩膜层的结构示意图；
图 6是 R色块显示为红色的显示原理说明图 （光线从第一基体层入射）； 图 7是 R色块显示为红色的显示原理说明图 （光线从第二基体层入射）。 具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂， 下面结合附图对 本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。 为了筒化本发明的公开， 下文中对特定例子的部件和设置进行描述。 当然， 它 们仅仅为示例， 并且目的不在于限制本发明。 此外， 本发明可以在不同例子中 重复参考数字和 /或字母。 这种重复是为了筒化和清楚的目的， 其本身不指示 所讨论各种实施例和 /或设置之间的关系。 此外， 本发明提供了的各种特定的 工艺和材料的例子，但是本领域普通技术人员可以意识到其他工艺的可应用于 性和 /或其他材料的使用。
如图 1至图 2所示， 本发明近晶态液晶彩色显示器包括第一基体层 11和 第二基体层 12, 第一基体层 11和第二基体层 12的材料可选为玻璃或塑料。 其中， 塑料可为透明塑料薄膜， 也可为透明硬塑料板， 该第一基体层 11与该 第二基体层 12之间设有混合层 13 , 该混合层 13由近晶态液晶和添加物混合 而成， 该第一基体层 11朝向该混合层 13的一侧设有第一导电电极层 14, 该 第二基体层 12朝向该混合层 13的一侧设有第二导电电极层 15 , 第一导电电 极层 14、 第二导电电极层 15与外部的驱动控制装置（图中未示出）连接， 第 一导电电极层 14和第二导电电极层 15是透明的， 其可以是 ITO (氧化铟锡） 等， 且可根据需要使用辅助的金属电极， 如铝、 铜、 银等。 在该第一导电电极 层 14的其中一侧或该第二导电电极层 15的其中一侧设有彩膜层 16。
图 1示出的是彩膜层 16设置在该第一导电电极层 14朝向第一基体层 11 的表面上的情况，图 2示出的是彩膜层 16设置在该第一导电电极层 14朝向混 合层 13的表面上的情况。 彩膜层 16设置在该第二导电电极层 15的其中一侧 的情况未给出图示， 请参考图 1和图 2示出的彩膜层 16设置在该第一导电电 极层 14的其中一侧的情况来理解， 不在这里赘述。无论彩膜层 16设置在该第 一导电电极层 14的其中一侧， 还是设置在该第二导电电极层 15的其中一侧， 它们均可以实现本发明所要达到的有益效果。
在该混合层 13中， 该近晶态液晶为带硅氧基的化合物、 四氰基四辛基联 苯或四乙酸癸酯四氰基联苯中的任一种或任几种的混合，该添加物为带导电特 性的化合物， 如十六烷基三乙基溴化铵等含有导电离子的化合物。 该混合层 13的厚度为微米级。 该近晶态液晶 （微观上表现为近晶态液晶分子， 见下述） 占混合总重量的 90% ~ 99.999%, 该添加物占混合总重量的 0.001% ~ 10%。 若 该添加物占混合总重量的比例小于 0.001%, 则由于添加物太少， 添加物中的 离子根据行列电极间电势差变化产生的往复运动无法改变近晶态液晶分子的 排列形态， 即无法控制子像素点的颜色显示。若该添加物占混合总重量的比例 大于 10%, 则第一与第二导电电极层之间将有可能因为大量的添加物而短路、 无法驱动， 同时，大量的添加物会使混合层的电阻率降低，影响了其使用寿命。 例如， 该近晶态液晶可占混合总重量的 90%, 该添加物占混合总重量的 10%。 又例如， 该近晶态液晶可占混合总重量的 99.999%, 该添加物占混合总重量的 0.001%。 再例如， 该近晶态液晶可占混合总重量的 95%, 该添加物占混合总 重量的 5%。 再例如， 该近晶态液晶可占混合总重量的 98%, 该添加物占混合 总重量的 2%。 再例如， 该近晶态液晶可占混合总重量的 91%, 该添加物占混 合总重量的 9%。 再例如， 该近晶态液晶可占混合总重量的 99%, 该添加物占 混合总重量的 1%。 再例如， 该近晶态液晶可占混合总重量的 92%, 该添加物 占混合总重量的 8%。
实际应用中， 近晶态液晶与添加物混合而成的混合物是灌制而成的。 以图 1示出的显示器为例， 先将彩膜层 16粘贴在第一基体层 11上， 然后在彩膜层 16、第二基体层 12上分别电镀第一导电电极层 14、第二导电电极层 15 ,最后， 在第一基体层 11、彩膜层 16、 第一导电电极层 14所构成的结构与第二基体层 12、第二导电电极层 15所构成的结构之间（第一导电电极层 14与第二导电电 极层 15之间）的夹缝中灌制混合层 13。该灌制过程与传统的 STN( Super Twisted Nematic, 加强扭曲的向列态液晶）灌制过程相类似， 不同的是： 本发明使用 的灌制过程没有传统 STN灌制过程中的 PI ( polyimide, 聚酰亚胺）取向层的 刷制、偏光膜的贴片和彩色滤片的贴片三个环节。 而且因为近晶态液晶材料本 身粘稠度的问题，在灌制掺有添加物的近晶态液晶前， 需要将其加热到一定温 度， 一般为 60°C以上， 直到掺有添加物的近晶态液晶表现为流动的液态时， 才可使用传统的 STN灌制过程进行真空灌制。
本发明显示器中的彩膜层可为 RGBW型彩膜层。 如图 4所示， RGBW型 彩膜层由 Μ χ Ν个显色单元 161 (图 4中的圓圏示出了一个显色单元 161 , 显 色单元以 M X N矩阵结构排列 )组成， 每个该显色单元 161由排列成 2 X 2矩 阵结构的 R色块、 G色块、 B色块、 W色块四个色块组成。若彩膜层采用 RGBW 型彩膜层， 则第一导电电极层 14、 第二导电电极层 15需要进行如下设置： 第 一导电电极层 14由 2M个平行排列的条状行电极 141组成（相邻行电极间具 有一定间距），第二导电电极层 15由 2N个平行排列的条状列电极 151组成（相 邻列电极间具有一定间距 ),第一导电电极层 14的 2M个条状行电极 141与第 二导电电极层 15的 2N个条状列电极 151相正交， 以使第一导电电极层 14与 第二导电电极层 15形成一个 2M x 2N的子像素点阵列。 如图 3 , 图中示意性 地示出了行列电极所形成的子像素点阵列， 图中标号 20所指部分即为一个子 像素点。第一导电电极层 14与第二导电电极层 15所构成的 2M X 2N个子像素 点 20与 RGBW型彩膜层的 2M X 2N个色块——对应， 也就是 RGBW型彩膜 层的一个色块与相对应的一个子像素点 20对应， 而一个该显色单元 161中的 四个色块所对应的四个子像素点 20构成一个像素点。对于采用 RGBW型彩膜 层的本发明显示器而言，像素点为显示图像的基本单位， 所显示的图像由若干 个像素点组成的，而一个像素点是由与其相应的四个色块分别对应的四个子像 素点共同构造的。 该两个导电电极层 14和 15与中间的混合层 13间形成了一 个面积艮大的电容结构，而每个像素点中的四个子像素点位置处又形成了四个 单独的面积 ^艮小的电容结构。
本发明显示器中的彩膜层也可为 RGB型彩膜层。 如图 5所示， RGB型彩 膜层由 Μ χ Ν个显色单元 162 (图 5中的圓圏示出了一个显色单元 162, 显色 单元以 M X N矩阵结构排列）组成， 每个该显色单元 162由排列成 1 X 3矩阵 结构的 R色块、 G色块、 B色块三个色块组成。 若彩膜层采用 RGB型彩膜层， 则第一导电电极层 14、 第二导电电极层 15需要进行如下设置： 第一导电电极 层 14由 M个平行排列的条状行电极 141组成（相邻行电极间具有一定间距 ), 第二导电电极层 15由 3N个平行排列的条状列电极 151组成（相邻列电极间 具有一定间距）， 第一导电电极层 14的 M个条状行电极 141与第二导电电极 层 15的 3N个条状列电极 151相正交， 以使第一导电电极层 14与第二导电电 极层 15形成一个 M x 3N的子像素点阵列。 如图 3 , 图中示意性地示出了行列 电极所形成的子像素点阵列， 图中标号 20所指部分即为一个子像素点。 第一 导电电极层 14与第二导电电极层 15所构成的 M x 3N个子像素点 20与 RGB 型彩膜层的 Μ χ 3N个色块——对应， 也就是 RGB型彩膜层的一个色块与相 对应的一个子像素点 20对应， 而一个该显色单元 162中的三个色块所对应的 三个子像素点 20构成一个像素点。对于采用 RGB型彩膜层的本发明显示器而 言， 像素点为显示图像的基本单位， 所显示的图像由若干个像素点组成的， 而 一个像素点是由与其相应的三个色块分别对应的三个子像素点共同构造的。该 两个导电电极层 14和 15与中间的混合层 13间形成了一个面积 4艮大的电容结 构，而每个像素点中的三个子像素点位置处又形成了三个单独的面积 ί艮小的电 容结构。
在本发明中，彩膜层属于已有产品，故对其材料、具体结构不再详细描述。 第一基体层 11和第二基体层 12朝向外部的一侧还可设有保护层（图中未 示出）。 保护层由 PET或 PC或玻璃基材制成， 该保护层涂布或粘贴在第一基 体层 11和第二基体层 12上。 设置在第一基体层 11一侧的该保护层朝向第一 基体层 11的表面上可设有防反光的 AR膜和 /或防眩光的 AG膜， 以保护显示 器， 提高阅读、 观看的舒适感， 较佳地， 该保护层朝向第一基体层 11的表面 上可先镀设 AR膜， 然后再镀设 AG膜。 设置在第二基体层 12—侧的该保护 层朝向第二基体层 12的表面上也可设有 AR膜和 /或 AG膜， 以保护显示器， 提高阅读、 观看的舒适感， 较佳地， 该保护层朝向第二基体层 12的表面上可 先镀设 AR膜， 然后再镀设 AG膜。 当然， 也可将 AR膜和 /或 AG膜直接镀设 在第一基体层 11、 第二基体层 12的表面上而不设置保护层。
下面以采用 RGBW型彩膜层的本发明显示器来说明图像显示原理。
根据图像显示需要， 驱动控制装置控制施加在第一导电电极层 14和第二 导电电极层 15上各个电极的电压信号，使得各个显色单元 161中的 R、 G、 B、 W色块分别对应的混合层部分呈现为雾状避光状态或全透明状态或其他渐进 状态， 从而， 各个显色单元 161中的 R、 G、 B、 W色块对外显示出相应的颜 色。 由于 R、 G、 B、 W色块组成的显色单元 161的面积 4艮小 （显色单元的面 积即为像素点的面积）， 为 米级， 例如 107±5μηι, 因此， 对于一个显色单元 161而言， 该显色单元 161中的 R、 G、 B、 W色块分别显示的颜色混合在一 起所构成的颜色为该显色单元 161所对应的像素点最终对外显示出的颜色（即 观看者能实际看到的颜色）。 也就是说， 通过控制各个显色单元 161所对应的 四个子像素点 20的颜色来使各个像素点显示出所需的颜色， 从而使显示器呈 现出所需的彩色显示状态。 其中， W色块所显示的颜色可由其所在显色单元 161中的其它三个 R、 G、 B色块的显示颜色来决定， W色块的调节目标是使 其所在显色单元 161对应的像素点的亮度和色彩纯度达到一个平衡点。
下面以一个像素点为例进行具体说明：
若该像素点需要显示为红色， 则在该像素点对应的 R色块所对应的行列 电极上施加低频高压电信号（例如 100v、 50Hz左右的正负双向脉沖， 行列电 极上施加的低频高压电信号叠加后形成的电压波形的电压幅值大于阈值电压 幅值， 阈值电压是为使近晶态液晶分子被驱动而发生排列形态改变的电压值， 其是根据混合层的组成和厚度来确定的， 一般为 5V以上。）， 在该像素点对应 的 G、 B色块所对应的行列电极上均施加高频高压电信号 （例如 100v、 1kHz 左右的正负双向脉沖，行列电极上施加的高频高压电信号叠加后形成的电压波 形的电压幅值大于阈值电压幅值）。 该 R色块对应的混合层部分中的近晶态液 晶分子发生扭转， 变为乱序排列形态。 该 G色块、 B色块对应的混合层部分 中的近晶态液晶分子变为规则排列形态。 从第一基体层 11一侧入射的光线 30 经由第一基体层 11、 彩膜层 16、 第一导电电极层 14射向混合层 13。 在 R色 块对应的混合层部分中， 如图 6, 因为近晶态液晶分子的各向相异性（即由于 入射该混合层部分的光线通过各个液晶分子的长光轴不同，各个液晶分子的光 折射角度不同， 因而各个液晶分子的折射率不同）， 入射各个近晶态液晶分子 的光线的折射存在很大差异， 即在该 R色块对应的很薄的混合层部分内， 光 折射率产生了剧烈的变化， 光线在该 R色块对应的混合层部分内发生强烈散 射， 宏观上看为一种散光效应 （该 R色块对应的混合层部分呈现出雾状避光 状态， 如磨砂毛玻璃一般）， 在该 R色块对应的混合层部分内散射的光线大量 射向该 R色块（在该混合层部分内， 散射的光线射向其它色块的光线很少， 经由第二基体层 12射出的光线不会对彩膜层 16的颜色显示造成影响，而经由 第二基体层 12反射回的光线也很微弱。 ) , R色块对红光具有选择性透过功能， 从而使得 R色块对外显示出红色 （在本发明中， 这种显示颜色的方式采用了 散射光线方式成像原理）。 在 G色块对应的混合层部分中， 规则排列的近晶态 液晶分子的长光轴垂直于第一、 第二导电电极层 14、 15的平面， 因而， 入射 各个近晶态液晶分子的光线的折射不产生剧烈变化， 光线可自由透过该 G色 块对应的混合层部分（该 G色块对应的混合层部分宏观上呈现出全透明状态） 而直接从第二基体层 12射出， 由于显示器显示图像是依靠环境光来实现的， 垂直入射第一基体层 11的光线是很少的， 大多光线是倾斜入射的， 因此， 最 终能透过 G色块的光线是 4艮少的， G色块对外不显示为任何颜色。 同理， 在 B 色块对应的混合层部分中， 规则排列的近晶态液晶分子的长光轴垂直于第一、 第二导电电极层 14、 15的平面， 因而， 入射各个近晶态液晶分子的光线的折 射不产生剧烈变化， 光线可自由透过该 B色块对应的混合层部分（该 B色块 对应的混合层部分宏观上呈现出全透明状态） 而直接从第二基体层 12射出， 由于显示器显示图像是依靠环境光来实现的， 垂直入射第一基体层 11的光线 是 4艮少的， 大多光线是倾斜入射的， 因此， 最终能透过 B色块的光线也是 4艮 少的， B色块对外也不显示为任何颜色。 于是， 显示红色的 R色块和不显示颜 色的 G、 B色块组合起来便使得它们所对应的像素点最终显示为红色。
若 R色块对应的混合层部分呈现为渐进状态 （近晶态液晶分子为部分扭 曲形态）， 则 R色块显示出渐进状态的红色 （例如， 半透明状态的红色）， 从 而， 整个像素点对外显示出该渐进状态的红色。
对于 W色块， 其所对应的混合层部分中液晶分子的排列形态同样受对应 的行列电极上的电压信号的控制而排列为乱序状态（呈现雾状避光状态）或规 则状态 （呈现全透明状态 )或其他过渡状态（呈现渐进状态）。 W色块对光线 没有选择性透过功能， 所有光线总是全部透过该 W色块， 因此， 例如， 如果 W色块对应的混合层部分为雾状避光状态， 则 W色块对外显示白色， 于是， 该像素点的亮度增大， 但该像素点显示的红色纯度受到了影响， 如果 W色块 对应的混合层部分为全透明状态， 则 W色块对外不显示颜色（原理同上述 G、 B色块）， 于是， 该像素点显示的红色纯度提高（最高纯度）， 但该像素点的亮 度相对变低。在实际实施中， 为了使图像亮度和色彩纯度之间达到平衡， W色 块的显示可由 R、 G、 B色块共同决定， 例如， 可取 R、 G、 B色块三者颜色值 的平均值作为 W色块的亮度值。 当光线 30从第二基体层 12—侧射入时， R色块显示为红色的显示原理（如 图 7 )与上述光线 30从第一基体层 11一侧射向 R色块的情形基本相同， 不同 的是， 与图 6所示光线入射情形相比， R色块对红光选择性透过的时间晚些。 而 G、 B色块不显示颜色的原理与上述光线 30从第一基体层 11一侧射入的情 形相同。
像素点除了可显示为红、 绿、 蓝色外， 还可显示为其它颜色， 于是， 显示 器的整个屏幕就具有了丰富多彩的颜色效果， 达到了全色彩显示的要求。像素 点显示为绿色、蓝色及其它颜色的显示原理与上述像素点显示红色的显示原理 相同， 故不在这里赘述。 无论像素点显示为何种颜色， 显示原理均可归纳为： 分别控制1、 G、 B、 W色块对应的行列电极上施加的电压信号 （控制该电压 信号的脉沖对个数、 频率、 电压幅值）， 使1、 G、 B、 W色块对应的混合层部 分内的近晶态液晶分子排列成相应形态（例如，规则排列形态、乱序排列形态、 部分扭曲形态等）， R、 G、 B、 W色块对应的混合层部分分别产生相应的散光 效应 （例如， 雾状避光状态、 全透明状态、 诸如半透明状态的渐进状态等）， 从而 R、 G、 B、 W色块分别显示出相应的颜色， R、 G、 B、 W色块所显示的 颜色组合起来即为它们所对应的像素点最终显示出的颜色。
对于 RGB型彩膜层， 其与 RGBW型彩膜层的区别是没有 W色块， RGB 型彩膜层不能对像素点显示颜色的亮度和色彩纯度进行调节，但其图像显示原 理与 RGBW型彩膜层是相同的， 在这里不再赘述。
由上述显示原理可知， 当本发明显示器处于室外或光线较好的环境中时， 环境光线从各个角度入射该显示器，所以该显示器可以前后两面同时显示同一 幅图像，一面显示的图像内容相对另一面显示的图像内容是翻转的。也就是说， 观看者不管在显示器的哪一侧， 都可以看到具有相同显示效果的图像。
当本发明显示器处于室内或光线不好的环境中时， 环境光线太弱， 无法满 足图像显示的亮度要求， 因此， 为了改善图像显示的亮度， 可在本发明显示器 周围设置照明光源， 例如白光光源。 需要注意的是， 由于在光源照射方向上存 在大量透射光， 而不是图像显示所需的散射光，且这些透射光会使各色块始终 显示颜色， 因此， 观看方向要尽量避免与光源的照明方向平行， 光源的照明方 向与观看者的视线方向应相错开会， 这样才能达到良好的观看效果。
关于混合层内的调光原理（即近晶态液晶分子如何被驱动进行相应的排 列 )还可参阅专利号为 200710304409.2的中国发明专利 "近晶态液晶显示屏 显示用驱动电路"、 专利申请号为 200710175959.9的中国发明专利申请 "一种 电控调光介质" 以及专利申请号为 200810102000.7的中国发明专利申请 "电 控调光介质" 中的相应描述来理解。
在本发明中， 当给第一、第二导电电极层加载电压信号、本发明产生散射、 全透明等光效应后，便可撤去电压。这种光效应的保持是不需要电压来维持的， 即 4敦去电压后， 本发明仍然能够保持加载电压时产生的光效应， 而作用的电压 信号只是为了改变近晶态液晶分子的排列形态。在本发明中，将这种不需要电 驱动而维持光效应的状态称为 "多稳态" 或 "准静态"。 而这种 "多稳态" 是 因为添加物采用了带导电特性的化合物， 当电压信号施加在第一、第二导电电 极层上时， 带导电特性的化合物中的离子根据电势差变化产生往复运动， 这种 运动可以改变近晶态液晶分子的排列形态，而变化后的近晶态液晶分子排列形 态并不需要离子的持续运动来维持， 是稳定的。
本发明的优点是： 1、 本发明显示器可以在前后两面同时显示一幅图像， 且两面所显示的图像效果良好。 2、 与传统的液晶显示器和已有的能彩色显示 图像的近晶态液晶显示装置相比， 本发明显示器没有使用偏光片，也没有使用 多层结构， 因此， 本发明显示器大幅减少了由于偏光片或多层结构造成的光能 损失， 极大提高了光能的利用率， 增加了显示器的亮度， 改善了显示效果。 3、 本发明显示器通过使用单层彩膜层便可达到全色彩显示的效果， 同时， 本发明 显示器消除了已有的能彩色显示图像的近晶态液晶显示装置由于多层结构所 产生的视差缺陷， 图像显示清晰， 对比度高， 且整个显示器十分轻薄， 外围驱 动电路也筒单、 不复杂， 显示器的制作工艺复杂度和制作成本极大降低。 4、 本发明显示器采用散射光线方式成像原理， 与透射或反射式成像相比，散射的 光线是各个方向都存在的， 这样就增大了本发明显示器的可视角度，使本发明 显示器在各个方向上都具有良好的显示效果。 5、 AR膜和 /或 AG膜的设计使 得本发明中的保护层起到了防止显示器表面产生镜面反射的作用，从而显示器 表面不产生反光、 眩光， 保护了观看者的视力。 6、 由于本发明显示器设计有 由近晶态液晶和添加物构成的混合层， 因而， 其也具有因混合层而带来的许多 优点， 例如， 多稳态特性、 能耗低、 环保等， 在这里不详述， 请参阅专利申请 号为 200710175959.9的中国发明专利申请 "一种电控调光介质" 以及专利申 请号为 200810102000.7的中国发明专利申请 "电控调光介质" 中的相关优点 描述。
上述是本发明的较佳实施例及其所运用的技术原理，对于本领域的技术人 员来说，在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，任何基于本发明技术方案基 础上的等效变换、 筒单替换等显而易见的改变， 均属于本发明保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种近晶态液晶彩色显示器， 包括第一基体层和第二基体层， 其特征 在于， 所述第一基体层与所述第二基体层之间设有混合层， 所述混合层由近晶 态液晶和添加物混合而成，所述第一基体层朝向所述混合层的一侧设有第一导 电电极层， 所述第二基体层朝向所述混合层的一侧设有第二导电电极层，在所 述第一导电电极层的其中一侧或所述第二导电电极层的其中一侧设有彩膜层。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的近晶态液晶彩色显示器， 其特征在于： 所述彩膜层为 RGBW型彩膜层。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的近晶态液晶彩色显示器， 其特征在于： 所述第一导电电极层由 2M个平行排列的条状行电极组成，所述第二导电 电极层由 2N个平行排列的条状列电极组成， 所述第一导电电极层的 2M个条 状行电极与所述第二导电电极层的 2N个条状列电极相正交， 以使所述第一导 电电极层与所述第二导电电极层形成一个 2M x 2N的子像素点阵列； 所述 RGBW型彩膜层由 M x N个显色单元组成， 每个该显色单元由排列 成 2 X 2矩阵结构的 R色块、 G色块、 B色块、 W色块四个色块组成； 所述第一导电电极层与所述第二导电电极层所构成的 2M X 2N 个子像素 点与 2M X 2N个色块——对应；
一个该显色单元中的四个色块所对应的四个子像素点构成一个像素点。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的近晶态液晶彩色显示器， 其特征在于： 所述彩膜层为 RGB型彩膜层。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的近晶态液晶彩色显示器， 其特征在于： 所述第一导电电极层由 M个平行排列的条状行电极组成， 所述第二导电 电极层由 3N个平行排列的条状列电极组成，所述第一导电电极层的 M个条状 行电极与所述第二导电电极层的 3N个条状列电极相正交， 以使所述第一导电 电极层与所述第二导电电极层形成一个 Μ χ 3N的子像素点阵列； 所述 RGB型彩膜层由 M x N个显色单元组成， 每个该显色单元由排列成 1 3矩阵结构的 R色块、 G色块、 B色块三个色块组成； 所述第一导电电极层与所述第二导电电极层所构成的 M X 3N个子像素点 与 Μ χ 3N个色块——对应；
一个该显色单元中的三个色块所对应的三个子像素点构成一个像素点。
6、 如权利要求 1或 2或 4所述的近晶态液晶彩色显示器， 其特征在于： 所述第一基体层和第二基体层朝向外部的一侧设有保护层； 设置在所述第一基体层一侧的该保护层朝向所述第一基体层的表面上设 有 AR膜和 /或 AG膜； 设置在所述第二基体层一侧的该保护层朝向所述第二基体层的表面上设 有 AR膜和 /或 AG膜。
7、 如权利要求 1或 2或 4所述的近晶态液晶彩色显示器， 其特征在于： 在所述近晶态液晶彩色显示器的周围设置照明光源。
8、 如权利要求 6所述的近晶态液晶彩色显示器， 其特征在于： 在所述近晶态液晶彩色显示器的周围设置照明光源。
9、 如权利要求 1所述的近晶态液晶彩色显示器， 其特征在于： 所述添加物为带导电特性的化合物。
10、 根据权利要求 1或 9所述的近晶态液晶彩色显示器， 其特征在于： 所述近晶态液晶占混合总重量的 90% ~ 99.999%, 所述添加物占混合总重 量的 0.001% ~ 10%。
11、 如权利要求 10所述的近晶态液晶彩色显示器， 其特征在于： 所述近晶态液晶为带硅氧基的化合物、四氰基四辛基联苯或四乙酸癸酯四 氰基联苯中的任一种或任几种的混合， 所述添加物为十六烷基三乙基溴化铵。
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