WO2012055245A1 - 密封式离心铸造方法 - Google Patents

密封式离心铸造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012055245A1
WO2012055245A1 PCT/CN2011/075658 CN2011075658W WO2012055245A1 WO 2012055245 A1 WO2012055245 A1 WO 2012055245A1 CN 2011075658 W CN2011075658 W CN 2011075658W WO 2012055245 A1 WO2012055245 A1 WO 2012055245A1
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mold
centrifugal casting
casting method
sealed centrifugal
casting
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PCT/CN2011/075658
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘明强
刘芳
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广州唯科得复合金属科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2012055245A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012055245A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/02Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis
    • B22D13/026Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis the longitudinal axis being vertical

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of metal or non-metal casting, and in particular to a sealed centrifugal casting method.
  • the conventional casting process can be divided into two types: ordinary casting and special casting.
  • Ordinary casting is a casting process in which a molten metal is cast in a mold by its own gravity.
  • Special castings are divided into: pressure casting and vacuum casting, centrifugal casting, etc.
  • casting defects such as pores, blisters, and looseness often occur, which tend to cause a gradual decrease in strength, a decrease in safety factor, and difficulty in ensuring product quality.
  • pressure casting and vacuum casting can eliminate casting defects such as pores, blisters, and looseness, and obtain dense and fine grained castings
  • the upper limit of casting temperature of the above two casting methods is 950 ° C. Once this temperature is exceeded, There are many technical problems, such as the strength of equipment and molds will decrease with the increase of temperature, equipment and mold will be deformed, leading to safety and quality accidents. Furthermore, the equipment and molds of the above two methods are expensive and expensive to invest.
  • the centrifugal casting is to solidify the casting under the action of centrifugal force, and can also obtain a casting with compact structure, fine grain, and improved mechanical strength.
  • this method is only suitable for thin-walled sleeve castings. Summary of the invention
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art, and to provide a sealed centrifugal casting method capable of producing a perforated solid casting having a small aperture.
  • the invention provides a method for sealed centrifugal casting, comprising the following steps:
  • a step is arranged around the gland for fastening the mold.
  • the preheating temperature is 680 ° C ⁇ 1050 ° C, and the preheating time is 30 minutes ⁇ 120 minutes.
  • the outer diameter of the die opening is adapted to the inner diameter of the gland.
  • the preheating temperature of the mold is lower than the casting temperature by 100 ° C to 200 ° C to ensure that the metal is in a molten state during centrifugation.
  • the inner cavity of the mold has 1.5. ⁇ 3. Dimensions.
  • a release agent is applied to the inner cavity of the mold. Applying a release agent to the inner cavity of the mold facilitates demolding of the blank.
  • the preheating in step 2) is: placing the mold in an electric furnace for preheating.
  • the vertical centrifuge rotates at a speed of 354 rpm to 3000 rpm, and the rotation time is 0.5 minute to 120 minutes.
  • the sealed centrifugal casting method of the present invention is internalized during centrifugation The mold filled with molten metal is sealed. During the centrifugation, no metal liquid flows out, so that the center of the casting is formed into only a small hole having a diameter of 4 inches, so that most of the porous solid castings can be realized. Processing, making most of the perforated solid casting centrifugation a reality.
  • the sealed centrifugal casting method of the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the process cartridge is simple and easy to operate, and can be mass-produced
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a sealed centrifugal casting method of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a partial schematic view of a vertical centrifuge used in the sealed centrifugal casting method of the present invention.
  • a vertical gland is arranged on the vertical centrifuge, and the gland can press and seal the die mouth;
  • the mold in which the inner cavity is filled with molten metal is sealed, no metal liquid flows out during the centrifugation process, and only a small hole having a diameter of 4 inches is formed in the center of the formed casting, so that most of the holes are satisfied.
  • the processing of solid castings has made most of the perforated solid casting centrifugation a reality. It has the advantages of single process, easy operation and mass production, stable and reliable quality, and reduced product cost.
  • the centrifugally cast casting has no casting defects such as air bubbles, blisters, looseness, etc., and improves the compactness of the casting. It enhances the comprehensive properties of casting strength, wear resistance and so on.
  • the vertical centrifuge used in the sealed centrifugal casting method of the present invention comprises a gland 1, a mold 2, and a base 3.
  • the base 3 is disposed on the body, and can be rotated by an arbitrary body.
  • the mold 2 is disposed on the base 3, The base rotates together.
  • the gland 1 can be moved up and down. When working, the gland 1 moves downward, the port of the mold 2 is closed, and the vertical centrifuge rotates to start centrifugal casting. After the casting is completed, the gland 1 is opened and moved up.
  • the diameter is 45mm, the inner diameter is 12mm, the thickness is 10mm, and the tooth height is 2mm.
  • the above-mentioned pinion gear is manufactured by the sealed centrifugal casting method of the present invention, and the steps are as follows: 1) processing the inner diameter of the mold to 50 mm, leaving a machining allowance, a demolding dimension of 3 degrees, and a height.
  • the preheating temperature is lower than the casting temperature of 100 °C, that is, 980 ° C, and the preheating time is 30 minutes;
  • the castings are taken out from the mold for subsequent processing, and the gears are finally obtained.
  • the obtained gears are sent to the Tianjin Electromechanical Industry Metal Materials Testing Center for testing.
  • the tensile strength is 700Mpa
  • the hardness is 700Mpa.
  • the performance is much higher than the copper alloy of the same grade in GB 1176-74 (the tensile strength is 637 Mpa, the hardness is HB160).
  • the gears obtained by the method of the invention have greatly improved the comprehensive mechanical properties and the product quality is obtained. Guarantee Proof, thereby reducing costs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Description

密封式离心铸造方法 本申请要求于 2010 年 10 月 29 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201010527126.6、 发明名称为"密封式离心铸造方法"的中国专利申请的优 先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明金属或非金属铸造领域, 尤其涉及一种密封式离心铸造方法。
背景技术
目前, 常规的铸造工艺可分为普通铸造和特种铸造两类。 普通铸造就 是通过熔液的自身重力在模具中浇铸成型的铸造工艺。 特种铸造分为: 压 力铸造和真空铸造、 离心铸造等。 在常规铸造中, 常存在有气孔、 砂眼、 疏松等铸造缺陷, 往往造成逐 渐的强度下降, 安全系数降低, 产品质量难以保证等问题。 压力铸造和真 空铸造虽然能够消除气孔、 砂眼、 疏松等铸造缺陷, 得到组织致密、 晶粒 细化的铸件, 但上述两种铸造方法浇注温度的上限为 950°C , —旦超过这 个温度, 会出现很多技术问题, 如设备和模具的强度会随温度的提高而降 低, 设备和模具会出现变形, 引发安全和质量事故。 再者, 上述两种方法 的设备和模具造价昂贵、 投资大。
而离心铸造是使铸造件在离心力作用下凝固成型,也能得到组织致密、 晶粒细化、机械强度提高的铸件。但目前这种方法只宜做薄壁筒套类铸件。 发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术存在的缺陷, 提供一种密封 式离心铸造方法, 能制得孔径较小的有孔实体铸件。 本发明提供的一种密封式离心铸造的方法, 包括如下步骤:
1 )在立式离心机上设置一个上下移动的压盖,所述压盖能够压紧并密 封模具口;
2 )将模具进行预热;
3 )在预热后的模具内浇注满熔融的金属液体;
4 )将装有熔融的金属液体的模具放在立式离心机上,压盖下移并将模 具口封闭, 然后立式离心机旋转, 直至熔融状态的金属变为固态; 5 )将冷却后的毛胚从模具中取出, 进行后续加工。
优选地, 所述压盖周围设置台阶, 用以紧扣模具。
优选地, 步骤 2 ) 中, 所述预热的温度为 680°C~1050°C , 预热的时间 为 30分钟 ~120分钟。
优选地, 模具口的外径与压盖的内径相适应。
优选地, 步骤 2 )中, 模具的预热温度比浇注温度低 100°C ~200°C , 以 保证离心时金属为熔融状态。
优选地, 模具的内腔具有 1.5。~3。的维度。
优选地, 在模具的内腔涂设脱模剂。 在模具内腔涂脱模剂, 能便于毛 胚脱模。
优选地, 步骤 2 ) 中的预热为: 将模具放入电炉中进行预热。
优选地, 步骤 4 ) 中, 立式离心机旋转时的转速为 354转 /分钟 ~3000 转 /分钟, 旋转时间为 0.5分钟 ~120分钟。 与现有技术相比, 本发明的密封式离心铸造方法, 由于在离心时对内 腔装满熔融金属的模具实施了密封, 在离心过程中, 没有金属液流出, 因 而所制成的铸件中心只形成一个直径 4艮小的细孔, 这样就能够实现大多数 有孔实体铸件的加工, 使多数有孔的实体铸件离心法变成现实。 本发明的 密封式离心铸造方法具有如下优点:
1 )工艺筒单、 操作方便, 可以进行批量生产;
2 )由于采用密封式离心手段, 经离心后的铸件没有气泡, 质量稳定可 靠, 能够提高良品率, 降低产品成本;
3 )由于采用密封式离心手段, 避免了砂眼、 疏松等铸造缺陷, 并提高 了铸件的密实度, 增强了铸件的强度、 耐磨性等综合性能。
附图说明
图 1为本发明密封式离心铸造方法的流程图; 图 2是本发明密封式离心铸造方法所用立式离心机的局部示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的内容更加清楚、 易懂, 以下通过具体的实施例进行详细 说明。 参见图 1 , 本发明的密封式离心铸造方法, 具体实施步骤如下:
51、 在立式离心机上设置一个上下移动的压盖, 所述压盖能够压紧并 密封模具口;
52、 将模具进行预热;
53、 在预热后的模具内浇注满熔融的金属液体;
54、 将装有熔融的金属液体的模具放在立式离心机上, 压盖下移并 将模具口封闭, 然后立式离心机旋转,直至熔融状态的金属变为固态; S5、 将冷却后的毛胚从模具中取出, 进行后续加工。
本发明由于对内腔装满熔融金属的模具实施了密封, 在离心过程中, 没有金属液流出, 所制成的铸件中心只形成一个直径 4艮小的细孔, 这样就 符合大多数有孔的实体铸件加工,使多数有孔的实体铸件离心法变成现实。 具有工艺筒单、 操作方便可以进行批量生产, 质量稳定可靠, 降低产品成 本的优点 。 经离心后的铸件没有气泡, 砂眼、 疏松等铸造缺陷, 并提高了 铸件的密实度。 增强了铸件的强度, 耐磨性等综合性能。
参见图 2, 本发明的密封式离心铸造方法所用的立式离心机包括压盖 1、 模具 2、 底座 3 , 底座 3设置在机体上, 可随机体旋转, 模具 2设置在 底座 3上, 随底座一同转动。 压盖 1可上下移动, 工作时, 压盖 1向下移 动, 将模具 2的端口封闭, 而后立式离心机转动, 开始离心铸造, 铸造完 成后, 将压盖 1打开并上移。 以下通过一优选实施例对本发明的密封式离心铸造方法进行详细说 明。
优选实施例
本优选实施例中, 以制作阀门电动执行器中的小齿轮为例来对本发明 进行详细描述。
该小齿轮的制作规格为:
直径为 45mm, 内径 12mm, 厚度 10mm, 齿高 2mm。
对照例: 现有技术中, 该种小齿轮均采用普通铸造铸成棒料然后再加工的制造 方式, 加工中有气孔或砂眼, 艮难保证质量, 而且成本高。
本发明的方法:
使用本发明密封式离心铸造方法制造上述小齿轮, 其步骤如下: 1 )将模具的内腔直径加工为 50mm, 留加工余量, 脱模维度 3度, 高 度
150mm。 (可加工 10-12个齿轮 )
2 )在模具的内腔上涂脱模剂 (石墨加水), 然后放入电炉中预热, 预 热温度低于浇注温度 100 °C , 即 980°C , 预热时间为 30分钟;
3 )在模具内浇注熔融状态的铜合金(牌号为 ZHA166-6-3-2 ) , 温度为
1080°C ;
4 )将模具放在立式离心机上,根据工作的重力倍数和铸件的内半径设 定立式离心机的转速为 2990转 /分,约等于 3000转 /分,下移压盖使压盖压 紧并密封模具口, 而后启动立式离心机, 将其转速调整为 3000转 /分, 进 行离心旋转, 直至熔融的铜合金(ZHA166-6-3-2 ) 变为固态, 离心时间取 0.5分钟。
5 ) 离心完毕后将模具从立式离心机取下, 自然冷却;
6 )冷却后从模具中取出铸件, 进行后续加工, 最终制得齿轮; 将制得的齿轮, 送至天津市机电工业金属材料检测中心进行检测, 经 检测证明, 其抗拉强度为 700Mpa , 硬度为 HB232 , 性能远高于国标 GB 1176-74中同牌号的铜合金 (抗拉强度为 637 Mpa, 硬度为 HB160 ) , 使 用本发明方法制得的齿轮, 产品综合机械性能大大提高, 产品质量得到保 证, 从而降低了成本。 以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式, 应当指出的是, 上述优选实施方式 不应视为对本发明的限制, 本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范 围为准。 对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说, 在不脱离本发明的精神和 范围内, 还可以做出若干改进和润饰, 这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的 保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种密封式离心铸造方法, 其特征在于, 包括如下步骤:
1 )在立式离心机上设置一个上下移动的压盖,所述压盖能够压紧并密 封模具口;
2 )将模具进行预热;
3 )在预热后的模具内浇注满熔融的金属液体;
4 )将装有熔融的金属液体的模具放在立式离心机上,压盖下移并将模 具口封闭, 然后立式离心机旋转, 直至熔融状态的金属变为固态;
5 )将冷却后的毛胚从模具中取出, 进行后续加工。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的密封式离心铸造方法, 其特征在于, 所述压 盖周围设置台阶, 用以紧扣模具。
3、根据权利要求 1所述的密封式离心铸造方法,其特征在于, 步骤 2 ) 中, 所述预热的温度为 680 °C ~ 1050 °C , 预热的时间为 30分钟 ~ 120分钟。
4、根据权利要求 1所述的密封式离心铸造方法, 其特征在于, 模具口 的外径与压盖的内径相适应。
5、 根据权利要求 1 所述的密封式离心铸造方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 2)中, 模具的预热温度比浇注温度低 100°C~200°C。
6、根据权利要求 1所述的密封式离心铸造方法, 其特征在于, 模具的 内腔具有 1.5°~3°的维度。
7、根据权利要求 1所述的密封式离心铸造方法, 其特征在于, 在模具 的内腔涂设脱模剂。
8、根据权利要求 1所述的密封式离心铸造方法,其特征在于, 步骤 2 ) 中的预热为: 将模具放入电炉中进行预热。
9、根据权利要求 1所述的密封式离心铸造方法,其特征在于, 步骤 4 ) 中, 立式离心机旋转时的转速为 354 转 /分钟 ~3000转 /分钟, 旋转时间为 .5分钟 ~ 120分钟。
PCT/CN2011/075658 2010-10-29 2011-06-13 密封式离心铸造方法 WO2012055245A1 (zh)

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FR3068271B1 (fr) 2017-06-29 2021-12-10 Safran Aircraft Engines Procede de fonderie avec coulee en moule chaud
CN110153391A (zh) * 2019-05-23 2019-08-23 嘉兴铸工智能设备有限公司 一种离心浇注机的离心浇注工艺

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