WO2012043811A1 - 太陽電池用導電性ペーストおよびこれを用いた太陽電池素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
太陽電池用導電性ペーストおよびこれを用いた太陽電池素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012043811A1 WO2012043811A1 PCT/JP2011/072602 JP2011072602W WO2012043811A1 WO 2012043811 A1 WO2012043811 A1 WO 2012043811A1 JP 2011072602 W JP2011072602 W JP 2011072602W WO 2012043811 A1 WO2012043811 A1 WO 2012043811A1
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- semiconductor substrate
- electrode
- solar cell
- paste
- conductive paste
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 162
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003667 anti-reflective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 117
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 33
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 28
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc oxide Inorganic materials [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Inorganic materials [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron tribromide Chemical compound BrB(Br)Br ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021424 microcrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic chloride Chemical compound ClP=O RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 phosphorus ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(i) cyanide Chemical compound [Cu+].N#[C-] DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- PEVJCYPAFCUXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J dicopper;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O PEVJCYPAFCUXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/14—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material
- H01B1/16—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a conductive paste for a solar cell and a method for manufacturing a solar cell element including a step of applying this paste on a semiconductor substrate and baking the applied paste.
- an electrode of a solar cell element is generally formed by applying a paste for forming an electrode to a semiconductor substrate such as silicon having a pn junction by a screen printing method and baking it in an oxidizing atmosphere. is there.
- the paste used is a paste prepared by mixing metal powder, glass frit, organic vehicle, etc. (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-246277).
- This invention is made
- the conductive paste for solar cell is a paste containing a silver powder, a glass frit, and a sintering inhibitor that suppresses sintering of the silver powders, and the sintering inhibitor is And one or more selected from aluminum oxide, silicon oxide and silicon carbide.
- the manufacturing method of the solar cell element which concerns on one form of this invention is a manufacturing method of the solar cell element which provided the electrode on the semiconductor base
- a method for manufacturing a solar cell element includes a semiconductor substrate, an antireflection layer disposed in a first region on one principal surface of the semiconductor substrate, and one principal surface of the semiconductor substrate. And a surface electrode disposed in the second region, wherein the antireflection layer is formed on the first region and the second region of the semiconductor substrate.
- a layer forming step, a coating step of applying the conductive paste for solar cell on the antireflection layer corresponding to the second region of the semiconductor substrate, and baking the conductive paste for solar cell By removing the antireflection layer located under the conductive paste for solar cell, the antireflection layer is disposed in the first region of the semiconductor substrate, and is disposed in the second region of the semiconductor substrate. Forming the surface electrode And a growth process.
- the conductive paste for solar cell and the method for manufacturing a solar cell element using the conductive paste for solar cell it is possible to reduce poor adhesion between a semiconductor substrate such as a silicon substrate and an electrode during electrode formation. Since the generation of cracks on the surface of a semiconductor substrate such as a silicon substrate under the electrode can be reduced, the defect rate during manufacturing of the solar cell element can be reduced, and a highly reliable solar cell element can be provided.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a solar cell element using the solar cell conductive paste according to one embodiment of the present invention, and is a cross-sectional view taken along the line KK in FIG. 1.
- the paste for forming an electrode of a solar cell element used in the present embodiment includes a silver powder, a glass frit, and a sintering inhibitor that suppresses sintering of the silver powder.
- the paste includes, in addition to silver powder, glass frit, and organic vehicle, a sintering inhibitor powder containing one or more selected from aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, and silicon carbide.
- the silver powder may be a spherical powder having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m or a flaky powder having the same size.
- the sintering inhibitor has an effect of relieving stress on the surface of a semiconductor substrate such as a silicon substrate on which an electrode is provided by suppressing sintering of silver powders during firing of the electrode forming paste.
- this sintering inhibitor is a substance that does not decompose or melt at the firing temperature of the paste, and in particular powders such as Al 2 O 3 that is aluminum oxide, SiO 2 that is silicon oxide, or SiC that is silicon carbide. Can be used.
- Al 2 O 3 powder or SiO 2 powder the adhesion between the electrode formed by baking the paste applied on the semiconductor substrate and the semiconductor substrate is different from that of other materials. This is preferable because it is better than that of the case.
- the average particle size of the sintering inhibitor contained in the paste is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less. This is because, by setting the average particle size within this numerical range, the sintering suppressing effect can be sufficiently exerted, and the generation of cracks on the surface of a semiconductor substrate such as a silicon substrate can be reduced. This is because the properties are good and a desired electrode shape can be easily obtained.
- the content is preferably 11% or more and 30% or less with respect to the content of the silver powder. This is because by setting the contained mass within this numerical range, poor adhesion between a semiconductor substrate such as a silicon substrate and an electrode is less likely to occur, and the contact resistance between the electrode and the semiconductor substrate is improved.
- glass frit contained in the paste examples include SiO 2 —Bi 2 O 3 —PbO, B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 —Bi 2 O 3 and B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 —PbO glasses.
- a material such as one having Bi 2 O 3 —SiO 2 —ZnO-based glass and substantially not containing B 2 O 3 can be used.
- being substantially not contained means, for example, that it is less than 0.1% by mass, and the same applies to the following description.
- organic vehicle contained in the paste one obtained by dissolving ethyl cellulose, acrylic resin, alkyd resin or the like in a solvent can be used.
- the solar cell element 10 includes a light receiving surface (an upper surface in FIG. 3, hereinafter referred to as a first surface) 9a on which light is incident, and a non-surface corresponding to the back surface of the first surface 9a. It has a light receiving surface (the lower surface in FIG. 3, hereinafter referred to as a second surface) 9b.
- the solar cell element 10 includes a first semiconductor layer 2 that is a one-conductivity-type semiconductor layer, and a second semiconductor layer that is a reverse-conductivity-type semiconductor layer provided on the first surface 9a side of the first semiconductor layer 2. And an antireflection layer 4 provided on the first surface 9 a of the semiconductor substrate 1, which is a plate-like semiconductor substrate composed of 3.
- the solar cell element 10 has a first electrode 5 provided on the first surface 9 a of the semiconductor substrate 1 and a second electrode 6 provided on the second surface 9 b of the semiconductor substrate 1.
- a crystalline silicon substrate such as a single crystal silicon substrate or a polycrystalline silicon substrate having a predetermined dopant element (impurity for conductivity control) and exhibiting one conductivity type (for example, p-type) is suitable. Used for.
- a solar cell element generally uses a plate-shaped semiconductor substrate
- a semiconductor substrate will be described below as an example, but the semiconductor substrate is not limited to a plate-shaped substrate.
- the semiconductor substrate 1 constituting the first semiconductor layer 2 having one conductivity type for example, p-type
- a crystalline silicon substrate such as a single crystal silicon substrate or a polycrystalline silicon substrate is preferably used.
- the specific resistance of the semiconductor substrate 1 is about 0.2 to 2.0 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the thickness of the semiconductor substrate 1 is preferably 250 ⁇ m or less, for example, and more preferably 150 ⁇ m or less.
- the shape of the semiconductor substrate 1 is not particularly limited. However, as shown in the drawing, if the shape is a quadrangular shape, the manufacturing method and when a solar cell module is configured by arranging a large number of solar cell elements, etc. From the viewpoint of
- the semiconductor substrate 1 An example using a crystalline silicon substrate exhibiting p-type conductivity as the semiconductor substrate 1 will be described.
- the semiconductor substrate 1 made of a crystalline silicon substrate is p-type, it is preferable to use, for example, boron or gallium as the dopant element.
- the second semiconductor layer 3 that forms a pn junction with the first semiconductor layer 2 is a layer having a conductivity type opposite to that of the first semiconductor layer 2 (semiconductor substrate 1), and is on the first surface 9a side in the first semiconductor layer 2. Is provided. If the first semiconductor layer 2 exhibits p-type conductivity, the second semiconductor layer 3 is formed to exhibit n-type conductivity. In the silicon substrate in which the semiconductor substrate 1 exhibits p-type conductivity, for example, when the second semiconductor layer 3 is formed in the surface layer of the semiconductor substrate 1, the second semiconductor layer 3 is the first surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. It can be formed by diffusing impurities such as phosphorus on the 9a side.
- the antireflection layer 4 plays a role of reducing the reflectance of light in a desired wavelength region and increasing the amount of photogenerated carriers.
- the antireflection layer 4 is made of, for example, a silicon nitride film, a titanium oxide film, a silicon oxide film, a magnesium oxide film, an indium tin oxide film, a tin oxide film, or a zinc oxide film.
- the thickness of the antireflection layer 4 is appropriately selected depending on the material constituting it, and is set so as to realize a non-reflection condition with respect to appropriate incident light.
- the semiconductor substrate 1 made of silicon preferably has a refractive index of about 1.8 to 2.3 and a thickness of about 500 to 1200 mm.
- the antireflection layer 4 is made of a silicon nitride film because it can also have a passivation effect.
- a BSF (Back-Surface-Field) region 7 provided on the second surface 9b side of the semiconductor substrate 1 has a role of reducing a decrease in efficiency due to carrier recombination in the vicinity of the second surface 9b.
- An internal electric field is formed on the second surface 9b side.
- the BSF region 7 has the same conductivity type as that of the first semiconductor layer 2, but has a majority carrier concentration higher than the concentration of majority carriers contained in the first semiconductor layer 2. This means that the dopant element is present at a concentration higher than that of the dopant element doped to exhibit one conductivity type in the semiconductor substrate 1.
- the BSF region 6 has a concentration of these dopant elements of 1 ⁇ 10 18 to 5 by diffusing a dopant element such as boron or aluminum on the second surface 9b side. It is preferably formed so as to be about ⁇ 10 21 atoms / cm 3 .
- the first electrode 5 has a first output extraction electrode 5a and a plurality of linear first current collecting electrodes 5b. At least a part of the first output extraction electrode 5a intersects the first current collecting electrode 5b.
- the first output extraction electrode 5a has a width of about 1.3 to 2.5 mm, for example.
- the first current collecting electrode 5b is linear and has a line width of about 50 to 200 ⁇ m and is thinner than the first output extraction electrode 5a.
- a plurality of the first current collecting electrodes 5b are provided with an interval of about 1.5 to 3 mm.
- the thickness of the first electrode 5 is about 10 to 40 ⁇ m.
- the first electrode 5 can be formed by applying an electrode forming paste made of, for example, silver powder, glass frit, an organic vehicle, or the like into a desired shape by screen printing or the like, and then baking the paste.
- an electrode forming paste made of, for example, silver powder, glass frit, an organic vehicle, or the like into a desired shape by screen printing or the like, and then baking the paste.
- a sintering inhibitor powder such as Al 2 O 3
- particles such as Al 2 O 3 are dispersed in the first electrode 5. Thereby, it is possible to reduce the adhesion failure between the silicon substrate and the electrode at the time of electrode formation and the occurrence of cracks on the surface of the silicon substrate under the electrode.
- the first electrode 5 is composed of a base electrode layer formed as described above and a plating electrode layer which is a conductive layer formed thereon by a plating method.
- a plating electrode material a material appropriately selected from copper, silver, tin and the like is preferably used.
- the thickness of the base electrode layer is preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the plating electrode layer is preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ m. .
- the base electrode layer is formed by applying an electrode forming paste and then baking. For this reason, the porosity of a base electrode layer becomes larger than 5%.
- the total thickness of the first electrode 5 is reduced by reducing the thickness of the base electrode layer to 10 ⁇ m or less, preferably 8 ⁇ m or less.
- the line resistance can be reduced while maintaining.
- glass frit melted during firing is fixed to improve the adhesive strength of the electrode, but most of the glass component in the glass frit tends to be present at the interface with the semiconductor substrate.
- glass frit used for the electrode forming paste as will be described later, in particular, it has Bi 2 O 3 -based glass, and by adding Al 2 O 3 to the paste, It is preferable because various characteristics are improved. This is because Al 2 O 3 has higher wettability with glass components than silver, and is easily adsorbed to glass during firing, so that the amount of glass frit reaching the interface of the semiconductor substrate 1 is reduced. This is presumed to reduce damage to the second semiconductor layer 3 due to penetration of the second semiconductor layer 3.
- Bi 2 O 3 based glass means that Bi 2 O 3 is contained in an amount of more than 50% by mass with respect to the total components of the glass frit.
- the content of Bi 2 O 3 is 50 to 90 mass%, SiO 2 is 0 to 10 mass%, ZnO is 0 to 15 mass%, and B 2 O 3 is 0 to 0 mass%.
- 10% by mass, other components ZrO 2 , BaO, MgO, CaO, TiO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , CuO and / or P 2 O 5 etc. 0 to 15 mass %.
- the glass frit used for the electrode forming paste has, in particular, Bi 2 O 3 —SiO 2 —ZnO-based glass, and this glass substantially contains B 2 O 3. What is not used may be used and the paste is fired under predetermined conditions. This is because various characteristics of the solar cell element after paste firing are improved as compared with those containing B 2 O 3 .
- the second electrode 6 includes a second output extraction electrode 6a and a second current collecting electrode 6b.
- the thickness of the second output extraction electrode 6a of this embodiment is about 10 to 30 ⁇ m, and the width is about 1.3 to 7 mm.
- the second output extraction electrode 6a can be formed of the same material and manufacturing method as the first electrode 5 described above. For example, you may form by apply
- the second collector electrode 6b has a thickness of about 15 to 50 ⁇ m, and is formed on substantially the entire surface of the second surface 9b of the semiconductor substrate 1 excluding a part of the second output extraction electrode 6a.
- the second current collecting electrode 6b can be formed by, for example, applying an aluminum paste in a desired shape and baking it.
- a process for forming an electrode on a semiconductor substrate 1 such as a silicon substrate
- a firing step of forming an electrode layer thereon a process for forming an electrode on a semiconductor substrate 1 such as a silicon substrate.
- a semiconductor substrate 1 such as a silicon substrate, an antireflection layer 4 disposed in a first region 1 a on one main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1, and one main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1
- the antireflection layer forming step of forming the antireflection layer 4 on the first region 1a and the second region 1b of the semiconductor substrate 1 and the above-described paste are applied to the antireflection layer corresponding to the second region 1b of the semiconductor substrate 1.
- the antireflection layer 4 is applied to the first region 1 a of the semiconductor substrate 1. And a firing step of forming the first electrode 5 in the second region 1 b of the semiconductor substrate 1.
- the electrode layer is preferably formed to a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or less. Moreover, it is preferable to perform the plating process which laminates
- a semiconductor substrate 1 constituting the first semiconductor layer 2 is prepared as a semiconductor substrate.
- the semiconductor substrate 1 is a single crystal silicon substrate, it is formed by, for example, a pulling method, and when the semiconductor substrate 1 is a polycrystalline silicon substrate, it is formed by, for example, a casting method.
- a pulling method when the semiconductor substrate 1 is a single crystal silicon substrate, it is formed by, for example, a pulling method, and when the semiconductor substrate 1 is a polycrystalline silicon substrate, it is formed by, for example, a casting method.
- an example using p-type polycrystalline silicon will be described.
- an ingot of polycrystalline silicon is produced by, for example, a casting method.
- the ingot is sliced to a thickness of 250 ⁇ m or less, for example.
- a removal step of etching the surface with an aqueous solution such as NaOH, KOH, or hydrofluoric acid.
- an aqueous solution such as NaOH, KOH, or hydrofluoric acid.
- the damage layer removing step may be omitted.
- the n-type second semiconductor layer 3 is formed in the surface layer of the semiconductor substrate 1 on the first surface 9a side.
- a second semiconductor layer 3 has a coating thermal diffusion method in which P 2 O 5 in a paste state is applied to the surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 for thermal diffusion, and phosphorus oxychloride (POCl 3 ) in a gas state is a diffusion source.
- the gas phase thermal diffusion method, or the ion implantation method for directly diffusing phosphorus ions is used.
- the second semiconductor layer 3 is formed with a thickness of about 0.2 to 2 ⁇ m and a sheet resistance of about 40 to 150 ⁇ / ⁇ .
- the method for forming the second semiconductor layer 3 is not limited to the above method.
- a crystalline silicon film including a hydrogenated amorphous silicon film or a microcrystalline silicon film may be formed using a thin film technique. Good.
- an i-type silicon region may be formed between the semiconductor substrate 1 and the second semiconductor layer 3.
- the second semiconductor layer 3 is formed on the second surface 9b side, only the second surface 9b side is removed by etching to expose the p-type conductivity type region.
- the second semiconductor layer 3 is removed by immersing only the second surface 9b side of the semiconductor substrate 1 in a hydrofluoric acid solution. Thereafter, when the second semiconductor layer 3 is formed, the phosphorus glass adhering to the surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 is removed by etching.
- a similar structure is formed by a process in which a diffusion mask is formed on the second surface 9b side in advance, the second semiconductor layer 3 is formed by a vapor phase thermal diffusion method, and the diffusion mask is subsequently removed. Is possible.
- the semiconductor substrate 1 provided with the 1st semiconductor layer 2 and the 2nd semiconductor layer 3 which have a p-type semiconductor layer can be prepared.
- the antireflection layer 4 is formed on the first region 1 a and the second region 1 b that are on one main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1.
- the antireflection layer 4 is formed using, for example, a PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) method, a vapor deposition method, or a sputtering method.
- PECVD plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
- the reaction chamber is set to about 500 ° C. and a mixed gas of silane (SiH 4 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ) is nitrogen (N 2 ).
- the antireflective layer 4 is formed by diluting with plasma and depositing it by plasma decomposition by glow discharge decomposition.
- a BSF region 7 in which a semiconductor impurity of one conductivity type is diffused at a high concentration is formed on the second surface 9 b side of the semiconductor substrate 1.
- a manufacturing method for example, a method of forming at a temperature of about 800 to 1100 ° C. using a thermal diffusion method using boron tribromide (BBr 3 ) as a diffusion source, or an aluminum paste made of aluminum powder and an organic vehicle by a printing method is used.
- BBr 3 boron tribromide
- aluminum paste made of aluminum powder and an organic vehicle by a printing method is used.
- a method in which aluminum is diffused into the semiconductor substrate 1 by heat treatment (baking) at a temperature of about 600 to 850 ° C. can be used.
- a desired diffusion region can be formed only on the printed surface, and at the same time when the second semiconductor layer 3 is formed, it is also formed on the second surface 9b side. There is no need to remove the n-type second semiconductor layer. Further, pn separation (separating the continuous region of the pn junction) may be performed only on the peripheral portion on the second surface 9b side using a laser beam or the like. Note that the method for forming the BSF region 7 is not limited to the above method. For example, a hydrogenated amorphous silicon film or a crystalline silicon film including a microcrystalline silicon film may be formed using a thin film technique. . Further, an i-type silicon region may be formed between the first semiconductor layer 2 and the third semiconductor layer 4.
- the first electrode 5 first output extraction electrode 5a, first current collection electrode 5b
- the second electrode 6 second output extraction electrode 6a, second current collection electrode 6b
- the first electrode 5 is manufactured using a conductive paste containing silver powder, an organic vehicle, glass frit, and a sintering inhibitor (for example, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2, or SiC).
- This conductive paste is applied on the antireflection layer 4 corresponding to the second region 1 b which is the first surface 9 a of the semiconductor substrate 1.
- the anti-reflection layer 4 is pierced by the fire-through method by firing at a maximum temperature of 600 to 850 ° C. for several tens of seconds to several tens of minutes, so that the base electrode layer of the first electrode 5 is formed on the second region 1b of the semiconductor substrate 1 Is formed.
- a coating method a screen printing method or the like can be used.
- the solvent is preferably evaporated and dried at a predetermined temperature.
- the glass frit and the antireflection layer 4 react at a high temperature.
- the base electrode layer contacts the semiconductor substrate 1.
- particularly Al 2 O 3 added as a sintering inhibitor has higher wettability with the glass component than silver, and is easily adsorbed to the glass during firing. Part of it stays in the electrode and bonds with the glass component present at the interface with the semiconductor substrate, thereby contributing to the improvement of the adhesion strength of the electrode.
- a plating electrode layer is formed on the base electrode layer by a plating method.
- the 1st output extraction electrode 5a and the 1st current collection electrode 5b are formed.
- a specific method of the plating method will be described.
- the semiconductor substrate 1 is immersed in a plating tank in which an electrolytic plating solution is stored.
- An anode made of a metal member is provided in the plating tank with respect to the electrolytic plating solution.
- the semiconductor substrate 1 provided with the base electrode layer, which is an object to be plated serves as the cathode.
- a plating electrode layer which is a conductive layer is formed on the base electrode layer.
- the plating electrode layer copper, silver, tin or the like is used.
- a plating solution containing a metal constituting the plating electrode layer is used as the electrolytic plating solution, and a metal plate constituting the plating layer is also used as the anode metal member.
- the anode may be an insoluble metal member, such as iridium oxide-coated titanium or platinum-coated titanium.
- the plating electrode layer is copper
- a copper sulfate plating solution, a copper pyrophosphate plating solution, a copper cyanide plating solution, or the like is used as the electrolytic plating solution.
- a copper plate made of phosphorous copper is used as the metal member of the anode.
- the 2nd current collection electrode 6b is produced using the aluminum paste containing aluminum powder and an organic vehicle, for example. This paste is applied to almost the entire second surface 9b except for a part of the portion where the second output extraction electrode 6a is to be formed.
- a coating method a screen printing method or the like can be used. After applying the paste in this way, it is preferable to evaporate the solvent at a predetermined temperature and dry it from the viewpoint that the paste is less likely to adhere to other parts during operation.
- the second output extraction electrode 6a is produced using a metal powder made of, for example, silver powder, a silver paste containing an organic vehicle and glass frit. This silver paste is applied in a predetermined shape. The silver paste is applied at a position in contact with a part of the aluminum paste, so that the second output extraction electrode 6a and the second collector electrode 6b partially overlap.
- a coating method a screen printing method or the like can be used.
- the solvent is preferably evaporated and dried at a predetermined temperature.
- the second electrode 6 is formed on the second surface 9b side of the semiconductor substrate 1 by baking the semiconductor substrate 1 in a baking furnace at a maximum temperature of 600 to 850 ° C. for several tens of seconds to several tens of minutes. .
- the electrode formation by the printing / baking method was used for the 2nd electrode 6, it is also possible to form using thin film formation, such as vapor deposition or a sputtering, or a plating method.
- a passivation film may be provided on the second surface 9 b side of the semiconductor substrate 1.
- This passivation film has a role of reducing carrier recombination on the second surface 9 b which is the back surface of the semiconductor substrate 1.
- silicon nitride, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, or the like can be used as the passivation film.
- the thickness of the passivation film may be about 100 to 2000 mm using PECVD, vapor deposition, sputtering, or the like.
- the structure on the second surface 9b side of the semiconductor substrate 1 can be a structure on the second surface 9b side used in a PERC (Passivated Emitter Rear Cell) structure or a PERL (Passivated Emitter Rear Locally-diffused) structure.
- PERC Passivated Emitter Rear Cell
- PERL Passivated Emitter Rear Locally-diffused
- a linear auxiliary electrode 5c that intersects with the first current collecting electrode 5b may be formed at both ends that intersect with the longitudinal direction of the first current collecting electrode 5b.
- a single electrode 5 can be made to flow uniformly, and a plating electrode layer having a uniform thickness can be formed. As a result, even if a line break occurs in a part of the first current collecting electrode 5b, an increase in resistance can be reduced and a current can flow to the first output extraction electrode 5a through the other first current collecting electrode 5b. Is preferred.
- the second electrode 6 has a shape having a second output extraction electrode 6a and a plurality of linear second current collection electrodes 6b intersecting the second output extraction electrode 6a.
- the base electrode layer and the plating electrode layer may be formed.
- the fourth semiconductor layer is formed with a sheet resistance lower than that of the second semiconductor layer.
- contact resistance with the electrode can be reduced.
- a method for increasing the thickness of the fourth semiconductor layer after forming the second semiconductor layer by a coating thermal diffusion method or a vapor phase thermal diffusion method, the electrode shape of the first electrode 5 is formed in a state in which phosphorous glass remains.
- phosphorus is re-diffused from the phosphor glass to the second semiconductor layer, and a fourth semiconductor layer is formed.
- this invention is applicable also to various solar cell elements, such as a back contact type solar cell element, besides the double-sided electrode type solar cell element mentioned above.
- a polycrystalline silicon substrate (semiconductor substrate 1) having a thickness of 260 ⁇ m, an outer shape of 156 mm ⁇ 156 mm, and a specific resistance of 1.5 ⁇ ⁇ cm was prepared, and a damaged layer on the surface of the silicon substrate was etched and washed with an NaOH solution.
- the second semiconductor layer 3 was formed by vapor phase thermal diffusion using POCl 3 as a diffusion source. At this time, the sheet resistance of the second semiconductor layer 3 was 70 ⁇ / ⁇ . After removing the phosphor glass by etching with a hydrofluoric acid solution and performing pn separation using a laser beam, a silicon nitride film to be the antireflection layer 4 was formed on the first surface 9a by PECVD.
- the BSF region 7 and the second current collecting electrode 6b were formed by applying and baking an aluminum paste on the second surface 9b of the semiconductor substrate 1 over substantially the entire surface.
- a silver paste was applied and fired on the first surface 9a and the second surface 9b, and a base electrode layer and a second output extraction electrode 6a were formed on the portion to become the first electrode 5.
- the first electrode 5 was formed by forming a silver plating electrode layer on the base electrode layer by a plating method at a site to be the first electrode 5.
- the base electrode layer of the first electrode 5 provided on the first surface 9a of the semiconductor substrate 1 is a paste shown in Table 1 containing silver powder, B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 —PbO glass frit, organic vehicle, and sintering inhibitor. No. A mixture having a composition of 1 to 5 was applied by screen printing, and baked for 3 minutes so that the peak temperature was 850 ° C.
- the amount of glass frit indicates the mass% of the glass frit relative to the contained mass (100%) of the silver powder in the paste.
- the composition of the sintering inhibitor indicates the mass% of the sintering inhibitor with respect to the total mass (100%) of the silver powder and the glass frit.
- paste No. In the glass frit A used for each of 1 to 14, when the total glass frit is 100%, the content of B 2 O 3 is 75% by mass, SiO 2 is 7% by mass, and PbO is 13% by mass.
- the other components ZrO 2 , BaO, MgO, CaO, TiO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , CuO and / or P 2 O 5, etc. were 5% by mass.
- paste No. to which no sintering inhibitor was added As is clear from Table 1, paste No. to which no sintering inhibitor was added. 1, the adhesion strength of the first output extraction electrode 5a was only 20 gf, whereas the paste No. 1 to which Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 or SiC was added as a sintering inhibitor was added. In Nos. 2 to 14, the adhesion strength between the first output extraction electrode 5a formed with any paste and the semiconductor substrate 1 was significantly improved.
- the paste No. 1 has a glass frit amount of 12% by mass, and Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 or SiC is added as a sintering inhibitor. All of Nos. 5 to 7 showed high adhesion strength. Among these, paste No. 5 using Al 2 O 3 as a sintering inhibitor was used.
- paste No. 5 had the highest adhesion strength.
- paste No. 1 having a glass frit amount of 15% by mass and an Al 2 O 3 amount of 10% by mass as a sintering inhibitor was used. 9 is used, paste No. 9 is used. The adhesion strength was highest among 1 to 14.
- paste No. to which no sintering inhibitor was added 1, the surface of the silicon substrate adhered to the inner lead and the inner lead was detached from the first output extraction electrode 5a, whereas Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 or SiC was added as a sintering inhibitor.
- Paste No. In 2 to 14 the silicon substrate was broken and the inner lead was detached from the first output extraction electrode 5a.
- the silicon substrate is not cracked, and only the surface layer surface of the silicon substrate is attached to the inner lead. Therefore, the silicon substrate is cracked and the inner lead is separated from the first output extraction electrode 5a. Detachment means that cracks on the surface of the silicon substrate could be reduced.
- the glass frit material in the paste and the first electrode 5 are the same as in Example 1 except that the silver plating electrode layer is not provided and only the paste is formed, detailed description is omitted. To do.
- Two types of glass frit were prepared, one containing substantially B 2 O 3 in the glass and one containing no B 2 O 3 .
- the content when the total glass frit is 100% by mass is 75% by mass for Bi 2 O 3 and 2 % by mass for SiO 2.
- ZnO is 11% by mass
- B 2 O 3 is 9% by mass
- other components ZrO 2 , BaO, MgO, CaO, TiO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , CuO and / or or P 2 O 5, etc. was 3 mass%.
- the content when the total glass frit is 100% by mass is as follows: Bi 2 O 3 is 81% by mass, SiO 2 is 5% by mass ZnO is 5% by mass, and other components (such as ZrO 2 , BaO, MgO, CaO, TiO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , CuO and / or P 2 O 5 ) are 9%. It was mass%.
- the content of the glass frit was 5% with respect to the content of the silver powder in the paste, and Al 2 O 3 was used as the sintering inhibitor composition.
- the sintering inhibitor in Table 2 represents the mass% of the sintering inhibitor with respect to the total mass of silver powder and glass frit.
- paste No. using glass frit B to which Al 2 O 3 was not added as a sintering inhibitor was used.
- No. 15 had a conversion efficiency of only 10.68%
- the conversion efficiency was improved to 13.67%.
- paste No. 1 to which Al 2 O 3 was added as a sintering inhibitor was used.
- Nos. 16, 17, 18, 20 , 21, and 22 showed a significant improvement in electrical characteristics as compared to the paste to which Al 2 O 3 was not added.
- paste No. 1 to which Al 2 O 3 was added as a sintering inhibitor was added in the glass frit C. 20 to 22 showed excellent conversion efficiency exceeding 15%.
- Table 3 shows the results of measuring the adhesion strength of the first output extraction electrode 5a in the same manner as in Example 1 and observing the peeling state in the tensile strength test.
- Paste No. in Table 3 As is apparent from the results of 23 to 30, by increasing the content of SiO 2 in the glass frit, both the average strength and the minimum strength of the adhesion strength were increased, and the peeling state was also good. Furthermore, the paste No. As is apparent from the results of Nos. 24, 26, 28, and 30, by adding Al 2 O 3 as a sintering inhibitor, paste No. without adding Al 2 O 3 was used. Compared with 23, 25, 27, and 29, the adhesion strength was significantly improved.
- the glass frit material in the paste and the first electrode 5 are the same as in Example 1 except that the silver plating electrode layer is not provided and only the paste is formed, detailed description is omitted. To do.
- the content of the glass frit was 5% with respect to the content of the silver powder in the paste, and Al 2 O 3 was used as the sintering inhibitor composition.
- the sintering inhibitor in Table 4 indicates the mass% of the sintering inhibitor with respect to the total mass of silver powder and glass frit.
- a wiring member made of copper foil is connected to the electrode of the produced solar cell element, a front side filler made of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and a transparent member made of glass are provided on the first surface 9a side, and the second surface 9b side
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PCT pressure cooker test
- the conversion efficiency after 300 hours, 350 hours, and 400 hours of elapsed time was measured, and the conversion efficiency after the elapsed time with respect to the initial conversion efficiency.
- the percentages are shown in Table 4 in%.
- the measurement of conversion efficiency was measured on the conditions of irradiation of AM1.5 and 100 mW / cm ⁇ 2 > based on JISC8913.
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態で用いる太陽電池素子の電極形成用のペーストは、銀粉末、ガラスフリットおよび前記銀粉末同士の焼結を抑制する焼結抑制剤を含んでいる。具体的には、ペーストは、銀粉末、ガラスフリットおよび有機ビヒクルに加えて、酸化アルミニウム、酸化シリコンおよび炭化シリコンから選択される1種以上を含む焼結抑制剤の粉末を含んでいる。
太陽電池素子の基本構成について説明する。図1~3に示すように、太陽電池素子10は、光が入射する受光面(図3における上面であり、以下、第1面という)9aと、この第1面9aの裏面に相当する非受光面(図3における下面であり、以下、第2面という)9bを有する。
次に、太陽電池素子のより具体的な例について説明する。一導電型(例えば、p型)を有する第1半導体層2を構成する半導体基板1としては、単結晶シリコン基板または多結晶シリコン基板等の結晶シリコン基板が好適に用いられる。半導体基板1の比抵抗は0.2~2.0Ω・cm程度である。また、半導体基板1の厚みは、例えば、250μm以下であるのが好ましく、150μm以下とするのがさらに好ましい。また、半導体基板1の形状は、特に限定されるものではないが、図示されているように、四角形状であれば製法上および多数の太陽電池素子を配列して太陽電池モジュールを構成する際等の観点から好適である。
以下、本実施形態の太陽電池素子10の製造方法について説明する。
なお、本発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、以下のように、本発明の範囲内で多くの修正および変更を加えることができる。
まず、厚さ260μm、外形156mm×156mm、比抵抗1.5Ω・cmの多結晶シリコン基板(半導体基板1)を用意して、シリコン基板の表面のダメージ層をNaOH溶液でエッチングして洗浄した。
次に、第1電極5に用いるペースト中のガラスフリットとして、Bi2O3系のガラスを用いたものに対して、所定の焼結抑制剤を添加したペーストを用いた太陽電池素子の実施例について説明する。
次に、ガラスフリットAを含有するペーストを用いて形成した第1電極5を有する太陽電池素子10と、ガラスフリットCを含有するペーストを用いて形成した第1電極5を有する太陽電池素子10とを作製した。
1a:第1領域
1b:第2領域
2 :第1半導体層
3 :第2半導体層
4 :反射防止層
5 :第1電極
5a :第1出力取出電極
5b :第1集電電極
5c :補助電極
6 :第2電極
6a :第2出力取出電極
6b :第2集電電極
7 :BSF領域
9a :第1面
9b :第2面
10 :太陽電池素子
Claims (9)
- 銀粉末、ガラスフリットおよび前記銀粉末同士の焼結を抑制する焼結抑制剤を含んでいる太陽電池用導電性ペーストであって、前記焼結抑制剤は、酸化アルミニウム、酸化珪素および炭化珪素から選択される1種以上を含有している太陽電池用導電性ペースト。
- 前記焼結抑制剤は酸化アルミニウムまたは酸化珪素である請求項1に記載の太陽電池用導電性ペースト。
- 前記ガラスフリットはBi2O3-SiO2-ZnO系のガラスを有するとともに、該ガラス中にB2O3が実質的に含有されていない請求項1または2に記載の太陽電池用導電性ペースト。
- 前記焼結抑制剤の含有質量は、前記銀粉末および前記ガラスフリットの合計含有質量に対して1%以上35%以下である請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の太陽電池用導電性ペースト。
- 前記ガラスフリットの含有質量は、前記銀粉末の含有質量に対して11%以上30%以下である請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の太陽電池用導電性ペースト。
- 半導体基体上に電極を設けた太陽電池素子の製造方法であって、請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の太陽電池用導電性ペーストを前記半導体基体上に塗布する塗布工程と、塗布した前記太陽電池用導電性ペーストを焼成して前記半導体基体上に電極層を形成する焼成工程とを含む太陽電池素子の製造方法。
- 半導体基体と、該半導体基体の一主面上の第1領域に配置された反射防止層と、前記半導体基体の一主面上の第2領域に配置された表面電極とを備えている太陽電池素子の製造方法であって、
前記半導体基体の前記第1領域および前記第2領域の上に前記反射防止層を形成する反射防止層形成工程と、
請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の太陽電池用導電性ペーストを、前記半導体基体の前記第2領域に対応する前記反射防止層上に塗布する塗布工程と、
前記太陽電池用導電性ペーストを焼成して該太陽電池用導電性ペーストの下に位置している前記反射防止層を除去することによって、前記反射防止層を前記半導体基体の前記第1領域に配置させて、前記半導体基体の前記第2領域に前記表面電極を形成する焼成工程とを有する太陽電池素子の製造方法。 - 前記焼成工程において、前記電極層を厚み10μm以下に形成する請求項6または7に記載の太陽電池素子の製造方法。
- 前記焼成工程の後に、前記電極層の上に導電層をめっき法によって積層するめっき工程をさらに有する請求項6乃至8のいずれかに記載の太陽電池素子の製造方法。
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