WO2012042456A1 - Manguito de capas compuestas - Google Patents
Manguito de capas compuestas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012042456A1 WO2012042456A1 PCT/IB2011/054206 IB2011054206W WO2012042456A1 WO 2012042456 A1 WO2012042456 A1 WO 2012042456A1 IB 2011054206 W IB2011054206 W IB 2011054206W WO 2012042456 A1 WO2012042456 A1 WO 2012042456A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- sleeve according
- layers
- exothermic
- layer
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
- B22C9/088—Feeder heads
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the manufacturing industry of castings of steels and irons, obtained in sand molds agglomerated with binders, where the shape of the piece is obtained from a mold that leaves adequate emptying in the sand.
- the present invention consists of a sleeve of composite layers, used as a supplementary metal feeder in casting processes where said sleeve serves to avoid defects caused by the volumetric contraction of the metal alloys when passing from the liquid to the solid state.
- volumetric contraction a significant decrease in volume when they move from the liquid to the solid state.
- this volume contraction has to be compensated with an additional supply of metal, otherwise cracks and serious defects occur in the parts widely known as plugs.
- the liquid metal provided to compensate for the described volume loss is supplied by one or several cavities made in the mold, known as uprights.
- the most widely used geometric configuration for the construction of uprights is the cylindrical, with a ratio of length to diameter, which varies from 1 to 3.
- the location of these uprights can be on the piece or next to it, depending on their geometry and its available surfaces.
- the fundamental condition of an upright is to have liquid metal until the end of the solidification of the piece, for this it must have a geometric configuration that allows its heat dissipation to be carried out at a speed lower than the heat dissipation of the piece through the foundry mold.
- the sleeves have thicknesses of the order of one tenth of the internal diameter and heights of 1 to 3 times the diameter, they can have conical sections or they can be provided with caps in their upper part.
- These sleeves can be called shirts, luvas, and in English they are called "Riser Sleeves".
- These preforms are commercialized identifying their dimensions and field of application, expressed in the cooling module that they can feed (the cooling module is defined, as the ratio between the volume of the piece and the area in contact with the mold sand), and the maximum weight of the piece that they can cover without producing scrub.
- the cooling module is defined, as the ratio between the volume of the piece and the area in contact with the mold sand
- the maximum weight of the piece that they can cover without producing scrub Commonly, all manufacturers of these inputs provide tables with variables, to select the optimal product, given a specific configuration of part, alloy, sections, etc.
- the most used procedure for the manufacture of sleeves is to obtain the product from an aqueous pulp and its centrifugation or vacuum suction in a suitable device, be it a centrifuge with the basket of external dimensions of the sleeve or a vacuum device with The dimensions of the sleeve, once removed from the mold, proceed to drying and curing the binders.
- a suitable device be it a centrifuge with the basket of external dimensions of the sleeve or a vacuum device with The dimensions of the sleeve, once removed from the mold, proceed to drying and curing the binders.
- Another manufacturing process is the use of triggering machines for suitable granular mixtures, with Cold Box binder, silicate-CO 2 , urethane-catalyzed phenolic resin with amines, resol-CO 2 , methyl formate formate.
- Commercial sleeves can be of the insulating or exothermic type.
- the insulating sleeves base their performance as feeders on the ability to insulate heat transfer boundaries, this property is defined by thermal conductivity, a technical index that is measured in W / m Q K (Watts per meter and Kelvin grade). Insulating sleeves, of lower performance compared to exothermic ones, are preferably used in large volume parts, in nonmetals ferrous as brass and bronze and as a slag collector in gray and nodular iron casts.
- the magnitude of the thermal conductivity of a wide variety of commercial sleeves is in the range of 0.3 to 0.5 W / m Q K.
- the composition of these sleeves is based on a mixture of refractory fibers and granular powders that make up a product of low density (between 0.35 g / cm 3 to 0.70 g / cm 3 ), and mechanical strength suitable for handling and use.
- exothermic sleeves base their action not only on the ability to insulate, but also react with the heat provided by the molten metal generating abundant heat provided by the reaction of Aluminothermia, where the aluminum powder, contained in the formulation thereof, in Contact with oxidants reacts according to:
- reaction rates are controlled according to the granulometry and purity of the Aluminum used and type of oxidants.
- manufacture of these sleeves is analogous to the manufacture of insulating sleeves.
- the metal supply capacity of a sleeve coated sleeve is expressed as the percentage of metal supplied (Kg), in relation to the total metal content (Kg) in the sleeve.
- Exothermic sleeves provide a maximum of 35% of their contained metal, while insulating sleeves provide a maximum of 28% of their contained metal.
- the geometry of the castings influences the feeding capacity of a sleeve.
- the workpiece cooling module expressed in length dimensions, is used.
- the geometric module of the sleeve is calculated, which must be greater than the cooling module of the piece, with a minimum factor of 25%, that is:
- the sleeve module is calculated by increasing the geometric module thereof (Volume / area) by a factor called extension factor, where the extension factor of exothermic materials is 1, 40.
- the sleeve manufacturers provide the sleeve module already increased by the extension factor.
- WO 01/70431 A1 discloses mixtures for exothermic sleeves and / or insulators, which comprise: (1) a sleeve composition that simultaneously comprises hollow stabilized alumino-silicate microspheres, and (2) a chemically reactive binder.
- the sleeves are formed from said mixtures and are cured in the presence of a catalyst by the COLD-BOX process.
- An oxidizable metal typically used in this invention is aluminum powder, while hollow alumino-silicate microspheres that are non-reactive are typically used as insulating material.
- sleeves with exothermic properties and insulating properties can be produced, where the ratio for exothermic sleeves by weight between aluminum powder and hollow non-reactive alumina-silicate microspheres varies between 1: 5 to 1 : 1, and preferably between 1: 3 and 1: 1, 5.
- the present invention consists of a sleeve that allows to reduce the heat losses produced between its walls and the sand of the mold, by incorporating an insulating layer between the exothermic layer and the sand, thus increasing the metallic contribution capacity of the sleeve and at the same time increasing the extension factor thereof, producing as an effect an increase in metal yield in obtaining castings.
- the invention considers the use of composite layers during the manufacture of the sleeve, the inner layer of exothermic property being in contact with the metal and the outer layer in contact with the sand of the mold of highly insulating character. If a sleeve is configured as a combination of an exothermic layer in contact with the liquid metal and another wall of high insulation characteristics in internal contact with the exothermic wall and external contact with the mold sand, the loss of heat of the exothermic sleeve due to the fact that the exothermic surface is not in contact with sand, which has a thermal conductivity of 0.95 W / m Q K.
- Figure 1 illustrates a front sectional view of a casting system, which includes: Feed channel (1); Piece (2); Upright (3); Sleeve (4); and Break Cookie (5).
- Figure 2 illustrates an isometric sectional view of the composite layer sleeve according to the present invention.
- Figure 3 illustrates a front sectional view of the composite layer sleeve according to the present invention.
- Figure 4 shows the exothermic cuff heating curve.
- Figure 5 shows the curve derived from exothermic heating of the sleeve.
- Figure 6 shows the results obtained with SOLID CAST, comparing (a) an exothermic layer ND 260 sleeve and (b) a double layer ND 240 sleeve according to the present invention, with an exothermic inner layer and an insulating outer layer .
- a sleeve (4) of composite layers used as a supplementary metal feeder in casting processes is provided, which prevents defects caused by the volumetric contraction of metal alloys.
- Said sleeve (4) comprises two concentric layers, an exothermic inner layer (7) and an insulating outer layer (6), wherein said layers form an upper part (8) corresponding to a hollow cylinder; and a lower part (9) corresponding to the base of the sleeve (4).
- the sleeve (4) consists of a hollow cylinder, where it has an internal diameter D, in centimeters, and where the total thickness (e) of both layers is in the range of 0 , 1 D and 0.1 D plus 2 cm, where preferably said thickness (e) corresponds to 0.1 D plus 1 cm.
- This also has a height H of dimensions between 1.5 D to 2 D, and where the range of diameter D of the invention is 10 cm to 60 cm for all types of alloys.
- the inner (7) and outer (6) layers have equal thickness.
- the ratio of thicknesses between the inner (7) and outer (6) layers can be variable as required by the design.
- the lower part (9) can consist of a truncated circular cone of height H ', comprised between 0.3 D to 0.5 D and internal diameter D', whose magnitude is It is between 0.5 D to 0.75 D.
- this base could also be cylindrical, where the dimensions D, H and the thickness of the sleeve would be maintained.
- said sleeve (4) may include in its bottom cracking cookies (5), cutting or throttling, as illustrated in Figure 1.
- the sleeve (4) of the invention forms a rigid body and the layers that form it are adhered allowing its manipulation.
- Both the inner layer (7) and the outer layer (6), are manufactured with specific granular mixtures, using cold-cured smelting resins for agglomeration, by means of liquid or gaseous catalysts.
- the sleeve (4) of the present invention is not limited to the use of hollow microspheres, being able to use expanded beads, expanded vermiculites, alumina ceramic fibers, powdered aluminum, organic cold curing resins or any inorganic binder.
- the material used for the concentric layers (6,7) comprises one or more organic resins of a group consisting of urethane phenolic resin, alkaline ester resin, furanic resin.
- said concentric layers (6,7) may comprise one or more inorganic binders of a group consisting of ester silicates, refractory hydraulic cements of alumino silicates or silicates.
- the ranges used for the formulations of both layers, insulating and exothermic are as follows:
- the thickness of both layers, exothermic and insulating, is set of equal magnitude for productive reasons.
- a reference piece (standard prism) of dimensions 42 cm x 42 cm x 27 cm (height) was used, which has a weight of 360 Kg in alloy steel with Chrome and Molybdenum, with thermal conductivity of 26.3 W / m ° K, heat capacity 454 J / Kg ° K, casting temperature of 1.520 Q C, solidification temperature of 1 190 Q C, solidification range 50 Q C and latent heat of fusion 267.306 J / Kg.
- the double layer sleeve stile consists of a 24 cm diameter cylinder, 24 cm high with the conical bottom height of 12 cm cone, inner bottom diameter of the cone 17 cm. The resulting weight of the amount is 97 kg of metal in liquid state.
- the sleeve has a total thickness of 3.4 cm, with an inner exothermic layer of 1.7 cm and an insulating outer layer of 1.7 cm.
- the thermodynamic properties used in the exothermic thickness are: thermal conductivity 0.5 W / m Q K, heat capacity 837 J / Kg Q K, density 600 Kg / m 3 , ignition temperature 400 Q C, burn time 1, 5 Burning minutes and temperature 1370 Q C.
- the thermodynamic properties of the insulating thickness are: Thermal conductivity 0.35 W / m Q K, heat capacity 837 J / Kg Q K and a density of 480 Kg / m 3 .
- This sleeve is compared with a 26 cm diameter sleeve, manufactured with a single layer of 3.4 cm of exothermic thickness with the same thermodynamic properties as the exothermic layer of the double layer sleeve formed by a 26 cm diameter cylinder with 26 cm high with the conical bottom with a cone height of 13 cm, internal lower diameter of the cone 18 cm.
- the resulting weight of the amount is 124 kg of liquid metal.
- the reference piece for comparison is the same for both sleeves, in dimensions and in material.
- thermodynamic properties are evaluated in a kinetic test of ignition of material at 1.000 Q C.
- the test consists of introducing a thermocouple in a specimen of dimensions 14 x 6 x 1, 5, this thermocouple is connected to a computer with an interface that It controls time and temperature generating characteristic curves.
- Figure 5 shows the temperature derivative with respect to time, corresponding to the exothermic heating curve of the sleeve. From which the ignition time of the exothermic sleeve layer, and the average heat capacity is obtained. The conductivity is obtained by heating a cylinder of sleeve material by determining equilibrium temperatures. From the information provided by both curves, the optimized values in calorific value, burning temperature and the thermal conductivity provided by the heat insulation capacity are extracted. These values are introduced into the Solid Cast finite element program, using the layers of the invention and the results of exothermic type sleeves and double layer sleeves are compared by feeding a reference cube.
- Figure 6 shows that double-layer sleeves keep the liquid metal longer than an exothermic type sleeve, this is seen in the lighter zone, which represents the last fraction of metal that will solidify, this area must be located on the piece.
- Figure 6 compares an ND 260 sleeve with an exothermic layer, of a metallic weight of 124 kg, compared to a double layer ND 240 sleeve, and of smaller size, with a metallic weight of 97 kg.
- the sleeve ND 240 exceeds as sleeve feeder ND 260. Practical tests in industrial melts prove the above.
- the sleeve with an exothermic interior, surrounded by an insulator, allows the temperature of the Aluminothermal reaction to be maintained for a longer time, avoiding the cooling of the metal of the upright, increasing the metallic supply of the sleeve.
- sleeves with improved properties are obtained, which were verified with casting of standard prisms, with the measures set forth. These prisms were analyzed with ultrasound, verifying simulation calculations.
- the improvements of the sleeve of the invention are compared with a sleeve and upright of the same geometric conditions, considering only exothermic material with the thermodynamic properties described.
- the extension factor of the sleeve module rises from 1, 4 to 1, 6; therefore, the two-layer sleeve module is 15% larger than an exothermic sleeve of the same geometry.
- This double layer sleeve module allows a reduction in the size of the uprights, with significant metallic savings.
- the contribution of the metal contained in the upright with double-layer sleeve is 45%, that is, 22% more contribution in relation to an exothermic sleeve of equal thickness, whose contribution is 35%.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Insulators (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE112011103297T DE112011103297T5 (de) | 2010-09-30 | 2011-09-23 | Aus mehreren Schichten bestehende Manschette |
MX2012008624A MX2012008624A (es) | 2010-09-30 | 2011-09-23 | Manguito de capas compuestas. |
US13/642,774 US20130037375A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2011-09-23 | Bushing comprising composite layers |
BR112012021512A BR112012021512A2 (pt) | 2010-09-30 | 2011-09-23 | bucha de camadas compostas |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CL1048-2010 | 2010-09-30 | ||
CL2010001048A CL2010001048A1 (es) | 2010-09-30 | 2010-09-30 | Un manguito de capas compuestas utilizado como alimentador de metal suplementario en procesos de colado por fundicion, comprende dos capas concentricas, una capa interior exotermica y una capa exterior aislante, cuya parte superior es un cilindro hueco y la parte inferior corresponde a la base del manguito. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012042456A1 true WO2012042456A1 (es) | 2012-04-05 |
Family
ID=45892058
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2011/054206 WO2012042456A1 (es) | 2010-09-30 | 2011-09-23 | Manguito de capas compuestas |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130037375A1 (es) |
AR (1) | AR083176A1 (es) |
BR (1) | BR112012021512A2 (es) |
CL (1) | CL2010001048A1 (es) |
DE (1) | DE112011103297T5 (es) |
MX (1) | MX2012008624A (es) |
PE (1) | PE20130490A1 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2012042456A1 (es) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105903906A (zh) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-08-31 | 长兴万顺保温材料有限公司 | 一种高韧性发热冒口及其制备方法 |
CN105945228A (zh) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-09-21 | 长兴万顺保温材料有限公司 | 一种高耐久保温发热冒口的制备方法 |
CN106734931A (zh) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-31 | 西南铝业(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种冒口 |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105645980A (zh) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-06-08 | 郑州远东耐火材料有限公司 | 用于无缩孔池壁电熔砖全封闭保温冒口砂型 |
CN105750482B (zh) * | 2016-04-06 | 2017-11-07 | 郑州远东耐火材料有限公司 | 用于无缩孔电熔砖保温冒口的涂料 |
DE102016205960A1 (de) * | 2016-04-08 | 2017-10-12 | HÜTTENES-ALBERTUS Chemische Werke Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Verwendung von geschlossen-porigen Mikro-Kugeln aus expandiertem Perlit als Füllstoff für die Herstellung von Formkörpern für die Gießereiindustrie |
DE102016122053A1 (de) * | 2016-11-16 | 2018-05-17 | GTP Schäfer Gießtechnische Produkte GmbH | Herstellung von Speisereinsätzen im 3D-Druck |
TR201714494A2 (tr) * | 2017-09-28 | 2019-04-22 | Cukurova Kimya Enduestrisi A S | Besleyici gömlek koruma elemanı. |
CN108380822A (zh) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-08-10 | 霍山县东胜铸造材料有限公司 | 一种铸造保温冒口套 |
USD872781S1 (en) | 2018-04-13 | 2020-01-14 | Foseco International Limited | Breaker core |
CN109202020B (zh) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-04-24 | 东台市颖达金属制品制造有限公司 | 一种多级发热的保温冒口 |
CN112808940A (zh) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-05-18 | 洛阳洛北重工机械有限公司 | 一种用于大型铸钢件补缩的复合冒口套 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2257646A (en) * | 1991-07-12 | 1993-01-20 | Hepworth Minerals & Chemicals | Riser sleeves |
GB2260285A (en) * | 1991-10-03 | 1993-04-14 | Masamitsu Miki | A riser sleeve with a neck-down or breaker core |
AU703642B1 (en) * | 1998-10-20 | 1999-03-25 | Daeho Industries Ltd. | Riser sleeve with neck-down core |
CN200939499Y (zh) * | 2006-08-07 | 2007-08-29 | 济南圣泉集团股份有限公司 | 一种新型发热保温冒口套 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1583641B2 (de) * | 1967-09-19 | 1976-07-01 | Heide, Otto, Dr.-Ing., 5829 Ennepetal | Vorrichtung zum beheizen von speisern und blockkoepfen |
US3815658A (en) * | 1969-03-13 | 1974-06-11 | Sulzer Ag | Process for making a metallurgically slow reacting mold |
US6286585B1 (en) | 2000-03-21 | 2001-09-11 | Ashland Inc. | Sleeve mixes containing stabilized microspheres and their use in making riser sleeves |
-
2010
- 2010-09-30 CL CL2010001048A patent/CL2010001048A1/es unknown
-
2011
- 2011-09-23 BR BR112012021512A patent/BR112012021512A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-09-23 MX MX2012008624A patent/MX2012008624A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-09-23 WO PCT/IB2011/054206 patent/WO2012042456A1/es active Application Filing
- 2011-09-23 PE PE2012000870A patent/PE20130490A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2011-09-23 US US13/642,774 patent/US20130037375A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-09-23 DE DE112011103297T patent/DE112011103297T5/de not_active Ceased
- 2011-09-27 AR ARP110103546A patent/AR083176A1/es active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2257646A (en) * | 1991-07-12 | 1993-01-20 | Hepworth Minerals & Chemicals | Riser sleeves |
GB2260285A (en) * | 1991-10-03 | 1993-04-14 | Masamitsu Miki | A riser sleeve with a neck-down or breaker core |
AU703642B1 (en) * | 1998-10-20 | 1999-03-25 | Daeho Industries Ltd. | Riser sleeve with neck-down core |
CN200939499Y (zh) * | 2006-08-07 | 2007-08-29 | 济南圣泉集团股份有限公司 | 一种新型发热保温冒口套 |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105903906A (zh) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-08-31 | 长兴万顺保温材料有限公司 | 一种高韧性发热冒口及其制备方法 |
CN105945228A (zh) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-09-21 | 长兴万顺保温材料有限公司 | 一种高耐久保温发热冒口的制备方法 |
CN105903906B (zh) * | 2016-06-02 | 2019-01-08 | 浙江品创知识产权服务有限公司 | 一种高韧性发热冒口及其制备方法 |
CN106734931A (zh) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-31 | 西南铝业(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种冒口 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AR083176A1 (es) | 2013-02-06 |
DE112011103297T5 (de) | 2013-08-14 |
PE20130490A1 (es) | 2013-05-08 |
MX2012008624A (es) | 2012-11-30 |
BR112012021512A2 (pt) | 2016-07-05 |
CL2010001048A1 (es) | 2011-01-14 |
US20130037375A1 (en) | 2013-02-14 |
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