Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
  • B29C64/35—Cleaning
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
  • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
  • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
  • B22F10/70—Recycling
  • B22F10/73—Recycling of powder
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
  • B22F12/22—Driving means
  • B22F12/224—Driving means for motion along a direction within the plane of a layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
  • B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
  • B22F12/33—Platforms or substrates translatory in the deposition plane
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
  • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
  • B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
  • B28B17/0063—Control arrangements
  • B28B17/0081—Process control
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
  • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
  • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
  • B29C64/357—Recycling
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
  • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
  • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/40—Structures for supporting 3D objects during manufacture and intended to be sacrificed after completion thereof
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
  • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
  • B22F10/30—Process control
  • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
  • B22F10/322—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber of the gas flow, e.g. rate or direction
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
  • B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
  • B22F12/20—Cooling means
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates generally to manufacturing objects and, in particular, to a method and apparatus for manufacturing objects using additive manufacturing. Still more particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for manufacturing objects using selective laser sintering.
• Manufacturing of objects may be performed in a number of different ways.
• objects such as aircraft parts, may be manufactured using additive manufacturing.
• Additive manufacturing may be a process of joining materials to make objects. These objects may be made by using models of the desired object.
• Additive manufacturing may be performed using various technologies.
• an aerosol jetting system may send a stream of particles towards a substrate.
• the particles on the substrate may be heated to a temperature to cause the particles to adhere to each other.
• electron beams may be used to melt a metal powder layer in a desired pattern. Additional layers may be placed and melted on the layers to form the object.
• a laser system may direct a laser beam to selectively heat portions of the layer of powder to form a portion of the object. Additional layers of powder may be placed on the prior layers and heated to form the object.
• additive manufacturing may provide for rapid production of parts , this type of manufacturing may not be suitable for all types of parts. For example, without limitation, additive manufacturing my often be used to generate prototypes of parts. Additionally, additive
• additive manufacturing may be limited by the cost of systems used to make parts. Further, additive manufacturing may also be limited in terms of the types of parts made based on an ability of the different systems to make particular parts .
• additive manufacturing may not be realized as often as desired.
• more traditional manufacturing systems such as the use of molds to form parts or dyes for use with presses, may be employed.
• a method may be present for forming objects.
• Layers of precursor material may be placed on top of each other.
• the layers of precursor material may be selectively cured as the layers of precursor material are placed on top of each other to form an object and a frame associated with the object.
• a method may be present for forming aircraft parts.
• Layers of precursor material may be placed on a base structure for a frame.
• the layers of precursor material may be selected from one of a powder, a liquid, a metal powder, a ceramic powder, and a plastic powder.
• the layers of precursor material may be selectively cured using a curing system after placing the layers of precursor material on the base structure to form a portion of an aircraft part and a portion of the frame to form a prior layer of precursor material.
• the curing system may be selected from one of a heating system, a laser, and an electron beam.
• the frame may be moved to allow a new layer of precursor material to be placed on the prior layer of
• precursor material in the layers of precursor material that may have been selectively cured.
• the new layer of precursor material may be placed on the prior layer of precursor material .
• a determination may be made as to whether a new base structure in the frame is needed.
• the new layer of precursor material may be selectively cured to form an additional portion of the aircraft part and a portion of the new base structure in response to the determination that the new base structure is needed. In response to the
• the steps of moving the frame to allow the new layer of precursor material to be placed on the prior layer of precursor material in the layers of precursor material that has been selectively cured, placing the new layer of precursor material on the prior layer of precursor material, and selectively curing the new layer of precursor material to form a portion of the object and the portion of the new base structure may be repeated until the base structure is completed.
• the new layer of precursor material may be
• the steps of moving the frame to allow the new layer of precursor material to be placed on the prior layer of precursor material in the layers of precursor material that has been selectively cured, placing the new layer of precursor material on the prior layer of precursor material, and selectively curing the new layer of precursor material to form the portion of the object without the new base structure may be repeated until the new base structure is needed.
• a desired temperature for the portion of the aircraft part may be maintained in different locations in the chamber as the aircraft part is formed using a plurality of heating and cooling elements .
• the uncured precursor material may be cooled to change a density of the uncured precursor material such that a flow of gas through the precursor material is reduced.
• Each portion of the aircraft part may be separated from an associated base structure connected to each portion of the aircraft part using a separation system.
• an apparatus may comprise a chamber, a curing system, and a movement system.
• the curing system may be configured to cure portions of layers of precursor material deposited in the chamber to form an object and a frame connected to the object.
• the movement system may be configured to engage the frame and move the frame and the object connected to the frame as a new layer of precursor material is placed on a prior layer of precursor material .
• a laser sintering apparatus may comprise a chamber, a curing system, a movement system, a precursor deposition system, a temperature control system, a separation system, and a recycling system.
• the curing system may be configured to cure portions of layers of precursor material deposited in the chamber to form an aircraft part and a frame connected to the aircraft part.
• the frame may comprise a plurality of base structures and a plurality of connectors and may be configured to support the aircraft part during formation of the aircraft part in the chamber.
• the curing system may be selected from at least one of a heating system, a laser, and an electron beam.
• the movement system may be configured to engage the frame and move the frame connected to the aircraft part as a new layer of precursor material may be placed on a prior layer of precursor material.
• the movement system may comprise a plurality of gears having first teeth configured to engage second teeth formed on sides of the plurality of base structures .
• the precursor deposition system may be configured to deposit the new layer of precursor material on the prior layer of
• the temperature control system may be configured to control a temperature of at least one of the aircraft part and the frame.
• the temperature control system may comprise a plurality of heating and cooling elements configured to heat and cool walls of a chamber to control the temperature of at least one of the aircraft part and the frame and in which the temperature control system may be configured to cool uncured precursor material that has been deposited to change a density of the uncured precursor material such a flow of gas through the precursor material is reduced.
• the separation system may be configured to separate the aircraft part from a base structure.
• the separation system may be configured to separate the aircraft part from the base structure as the base structure and the aircraft part are moved by the movement system.
• the recycling system may be configured to recycle portions of the layers of precursor material that remain uncured.
• the layers of precursor material may be selected from one of a powder, a liquid, a metal powder, and a ceramic powder.
• a method for forming objects comprising:
• step of selectively curing the layers of precursor material as the layers of precursor material are placed on the top of each other to form the object and the frame associated with the object comprises: determining whether a new base structure in the frame is needed;
• selectively curing the new layer of precursor material to form the portion of the object and the portion of the new base structure comprises:
• step of maintaining the desired temperature for the object as the object is formed in the chamber comprises :
• layers of precursor material on a base structure for a frame in which the layers of precursor material are selected from one of a powder, a liquid, a metal powder, a ceramic powder, and a plastic powder;
• a curing system selected from one of a heating system, a laser, and an electron beam after placing the layers of precursor material on the base structure to form a portion of an aircraft part and a portion of the frame to form a prior layer of precursor material ;
• An apparatus comprising:
• a curing system configured to cure portions of layers of precursor material deposited in the chamber to form an object and a frame connected to the object; and a movement system configured to engage the frame and move the frame and the object connected to the frame as a new layer of precursor material is placed on a prior layer of precursor material .
• a separation system configured to separate the object from a base structure.
• the separation system is configured to separate the object from the base structure as the base structure and the object are moved by the movement system.
• the movement system comprises a plurality of gears having first teeth configured to engage second teeth formed on sides of a base structure.
• a precursor deposition system configured to deposit the new layer of precursor material on the prior layer of
• thermocontrol system configured to control a temperature of at least one of the object and the frame.
• a plurality of heating and cooling elements configured to heat and cool walls of the chamber to control the temperature of the at least one of the object and the frame.
• temperature control systems is configured to cool uncured precursor material that has been deposited to change a density of the uncured precursor material such that a flow of gas through the precursor material is reduced.
• a recycling system configured to recycle the portions of layers of precursor material that remain uncured.
• the curing system is selected from at least one of a heating system, a laser, and an electron beam.
• the precursor material is selected from one of a powder, a liquid, a metal powder, and a ceramic powder.
• a laser sintering apparatus comprising:
• a curing system configured to cure portions of layers of precursor material deposited in the chamber to form an aircraft part and a frame connected to the aircraft part in which the frame comprises a plurality of base structures and a plurality of connectors and configured to support the aircraft part during formation of the aircraft part in the chamber and in which the curing system is selected from at least one of a heating system, a laser, and an electron beam;
• a movement system configured to engage the frame and move the frame connected to the aircraft part as a new layer of precursor material is placed on a prior layer of precursor material in which the movement system comprises a plurality of gears having first teeth configured to engage second teeth formed on sides of the plurality of base structures;
• a precursor deposition system configured to deposit the new layer of precursor material on the prior layer of
• a temperature control system configured to control a temperature of at least one of the aircraft part and the frame in which the temperature control system comprises a plurality of heating and cooling elements configured to heat and cool walls of the chamber to control the temperature of the at least one of the aircraft part and the frame and in which the temperature control system is configured to cool uncured precursor material that has been deposited to change a density of the uncured precursor material such that a flow of gas through the precursor material is reduced;
• a separation system configured to separate the aircraft part from a base structure in which the separation system is configured to separate the aircraft part from the base structure as the base structure and the aircraft part are moved by the movement system;
• a recycling system configured to recycle the portions of layers of precursor material that remain uncured in which the layers of precursor material are selected from one of a powder, a liquid, a metal powder, and a ceramic powder.
• FIG 1 is an illustration of an aircraft manufacturing and service method in accordance with an advantageous
• FIG. 1 is an illustration of an aircraft in which an advantageous embodiment may be implemented
• Figure 3 is an illustration of a manufacturing
• Figure 4 is an illustration of a manufacturing
• Figure 5 is an illustration of manufacturing objects in an additive manufacturing system in accordance with an advantageous embodiment
• Figure 6 is an illustration of a portion of a frame connected to a portion of an object in accordance with an advantageous embodiment
• Figure 7 is an illustration of a portion of a movement system engaging a base structure for a frame in accordance with an advantageous embodiment
• Figure 8 is an illustration of a portion of a movement system engaging a portion of a frame in accordance with an advantageous embodiment
• Figure 9 is an illustration of a cutter for a separation system in accordance with an advantageous embodiment
• Figure 10 is an illustration of a flowchart of a process for manufacturing objects in accordance with an advantageous embodiment.
• Figure 11 is an illustration of a flowchart of a process for manufacturing an object in accordance with an advantageous embodiment .
• aircraft manufacturing and service method 100 may include specification and design 102 of aircraft 200 in Figure 2 and material procurement 104.
• aircraft 200 in Figure 2 may go through certification and delivery 110 in order to be placed in service 112. While in service 112 by a customer, aircraft 200 in Figure 2 may be scheduled for routine
• maintenance and service 114 which may include modification, reconfiguration, refurbishment, and other maintenance or service .
• Each of the processes of aircraft manufacturing and service method 100 may be performed or carried out by a system integrator, a third party, and/or an operator.
• the operator may be a customer.
• a system integrator may include, without limitation, any number of aircraft manufacturers and major- system subcontractors
• a third party may include, without limitation, any number of venders, subcontractors, and suppliers
• an operator may be an airline, leasing company, military entity, service organization, and so on.
• aircraft 200 is produced by aircraft manufacturing and service method 100 in Figure 1 and may include airframe 202 with a plurality of systems 204 and interior 206.
• systems 204 include one or more of propulsion system 208, electrical system 210, hydraulic system 212, and environmental system 214. Any number of other systems may be included.
• propulsion system 208 electrical system 210
• hydraulic system 212 hydraulic system 212
• environmental system 214 any number of other systems may be included.
• an aerospace example is shown, different advantageous embodiments may be applied to other industries, such as the automotive industry.
• Apparatus and methods embodied herein may be employed during at least one of the stages of aircraft manufacturing and service method 100 in Figure 1.
• the phrase "at least one of”, when used with a list of items, means that different combinations of one or more of the listed items may be used and only one of each item in the list may be needed.
• “at least one of item A, item B, and item C” may include, for example, without limitation, item A or item A and item B. This example also may include item A, item B, and item C or item B and item C.
• components or subassemblies produced in component and subassembly manufacturing 106 in Figure 1 may be fabricated or manufactured in a manner similar to components or subassemblies produced while aircraft 200 is in service 112 in Figure 1.
• a number of apparatus embodiments , method embodiments , or a combination thereof may be utilized during production stages, such as component and subassembly manufacturing 106 and system integration 108 in Figure 1.
• a number when referring to items, means one or more items.
• a number of apparatus embodiments is one or more apparatus embodiments .
• a number of apparatus embodiments , method embodiments , or a combination thereof may be utilized while aircraft 200 is in service 112 and/or during maintenance and service 114 in Figure 1.
• the different advantageous features such as a number of apparatus embodiments, method embodiments , or a combination thereof.
• embodiments may be used to manufacture parts during one or more of these stages.
• the use of a number of the different advantageous embodiments may substantially expedite the assembly of and/or reduce the cost of aircraft 200.
• the different advantageous embodiments recognize and take into account a number of considerations.
• the different advantageous embodiments recognize and take into account that current selective laser sintering machines may be capable of building parts of various shapes , sizes, and/or configurations. The dimensions of these parts may, however, be limited based on the size and shape of the chamber.
• the size of the part may be confined in two axes based on the walls of the chamber in which the selective laser sintering is performed. Another axis may be based on the movement of the platform with respect to the walls .
• the different advantageous embodiments recognize and take into account that the size of the part may be increased by scaling the size of the chambers. However, this type of manufacturing may be limited based on the cost and space needed for larger chambers .
• the different advantageous embodiments recognize and take into account that it would be advantageous to have a capability to manufacture larger parts without needing to have larger chambers to hold the parts as the parts are formed.
• a duct in a section of a fuselage may have a length of about 20 to about 40 feet. This length may be based on a length of a portion of a fuselage made out of a composite material.
• current ducts for environmental control systems in fuselages may be formed by different cross-sections that may be bonded or fastened to each other. This type of assembly may require lead time, costs, and may have design limitations. Further, additional labor may be needed to assemble the parts .
• the different advantageous embodiments provide a method and apparatus for manufacturing objects.
• the different advantageous embodiments may place layers of precursor material on top of each other.
• the layers of precursor material may be selectively cured as they are placed on top of each other to form a portion of an object and a portion of a frame associated with the object.
• manufacturing environment 300 may be used to manufacture objects.
• objects 302 may take the form of parts 304.
• Parts 304 may be aircraft parts 306 for use in aircraft 200 in Figure 2. These parts may be manufactured during various phases of aircraft manufacturing and service method 100 in Figure 1.
• objects 302 may be manufactured using additive manufacturing system 308.
• additive manufacturing system 308 may comprise chamber 310, curing system 312, precursor deposition system 314, movement system 316, separation system 318, recycling system 320, and temperature control system 322.
• Chamber 310 may be associated with curing system 312, precursor deposition system 314, movement system 316,
• object 324 may be formed inside chamber 310.
• Object 324 may be formed and supported using frame 326.
• Frame 326 may be associated with object 324.
• the component may considered to be associated with a second component by being secured to the second component, bonded to the second component, fastened to the second component, and/or connected to the second component in some other suitable manner.
• the first component also may be connected to the second component using a third component.
• the first component may also be considered to be associated with the second component by being formed as part of and/or an extension of the second component.
• frame 326 may be directly connected to object 324.
• Frame 326 may be formed as object 324 is formed within additive manufacturing system 308.
• frame 326 may be comprised of plurality of base structures 327 and plurality of connectors 329.
• Plurality of connectors 329 may be used to connect plurality of base structures 327 to each other and/or to object 324.
• Base structures within plurality of base structures 327 and connectors within plurality of connectors 329 may be added to frame 326 as object 324 is formed. In this manner, frame 326 may grow as object 324 grows within additive manufacturing system 308.
• Object 324 may be formed by processing layers 331 of precursor material 330.
• Precursor material 330 may take a number of different forms.
• precursor material 330 may be selected from one of powder 334 , liquid 336, and other suitable forms of precursors.
• precursor material 330 may be described in the form of powder 334.
• precursor material 330 may be made from a number of different types of materials .
• precursor material 330 may be in the form of at least one of ceramic 338, plastic 340, metal 342, and other suitable types of materials.
• layers 331 of precursor material 330 may be placed on top of each other.
• Layers 331 of precursor material 330 may be selectively cured using curing system 312 as layers 331 of precursor material 330 are placed on top of each other to form object 324 and frame 326.
• precursor deposition system 314 may place layer 328 of precursor material 330 onto base structure 332 in plurality of base structures 327.
• layer 328 may cover all of base structure 332.
• layer 328 may cover all of base structure 332.
• layer 328 may be placed onto base structure 332 in a pattern for object 324 such that portions of base structure 332 may not be covered by liquid 336.
• base structure 332 may be formed prior to any curing being performed by curing system 312.
• base structure 332 may be a first base structure in plurality of base structures 327 for frame 326.
• Base structure 332 may be a solid structure having a capability to support formation of object 324 within additive manufacturing system 308.
• Layer 328 of precursor material 330 may be selectively cured using curing system 312 to form portion 344 of object 324.
• Curing system 312 may take a number of different forms.
• curing system 312 may include at least one of laser system 346, electron beam system 348, and other suitable types of curing systems .
• laser beam 350 may be selectively applied to parts 351 of layer 328 of precursor material 330 to selectively cure parts 351 of layer 328 to form portion 344 of object 324. Further, curing parts 351 of layer 328 may also connect portion 344 of object 324 to base structure 332.
• base structure 332 for frame 326 with portion 344 of object 324 may be moved by movement system 316 in a direction away from curing system 312.
• precursor deposition system 314 may place new layer 352 of precursor material 330 on the prior layer of precursor material, layer 328.
• a determination is made as to whether a new base structure is needed for frame 326 to support object 324.
• curing system 312 selectively cures new layer 352 of precursor material 330 to form portion 359 of new base structure 354 and portion 356 of object 324.
• additional layers 353 of precursor material 330 may be placed onto frame 326 and cured to form portions 355 of object 324 and complete the formation of new base structure 354.
• At least one of portion 356 and portions 355 of object 324 may be associated with new base structure 354.
• at least one of portion 356 and portions 355 may be connected to new base structure 354.
• This connection may be made in a manner that provides additional support for object 324 within curing system 312.
• this connection may be made by curing at least one of new layer 352 and additional layers 353 such that number of connectors 357 in plurality of connectors 329 is formed. Number of connectors 357 may connect at least one of portion 356 and portions 355 of object 324 with new base structure 354.
• new layer 352 is selectively cured using curing system 312 to form portion 356 of object 324 in new layer 352 without forming new base structure 354.
• frame 326 may be moved away from curing system 312 in a direction along axis 358.
• Axis 358 may extend through chamber 310.
• the movement of base structure 332 away from curing system 312 along axis 358 may occur after selectively curing a prior layer of precursor material 330.
• Base structure 332 may be moved away from curing system 312 along axis 358 prior to placing new layer 352 of precursor material 330 in these examples .
• movement system 316 may be configured to engage and move frame 326 through moving plurality of base structures 327.
• movement system 316 may comprise, without
• gears 364, which may be turned by motor 366 are limited to gears 364, which may be turned by motor 366.
• Gears 364 may have teeth 368. Teeth 368 may engage teeth 370 formed in plurality of base structures 327.
• separation system 318 may separate plurality of base
• separation system 318 may include cutters 372, which may be rotated by motor 374. Cutters 372 may engage plurality of base structures 327 in a manner that separates plurality of base structures 327 from object 324.
• Cutters 372 may include, for example, without limitation, lasers, jets filled with abrasive media, blades, and/or other suitable types of devices.
• Plurality of base structures 327 and precursor material 330 may be recycled by recycling system 320. Some or all of precursor material 330 that has not been selectively cured may be returned to precursor deposition system 314 for use in manufacturing additional objects.
• frame 326 may be considered as a chamber within chamber 310 that can be formed and taken apart as object 324 and/or other objects are being formed. In this manner, with the use of frame 326, a larger chamber than chamber 310 may be unnecessary.
• temperature control system 322 may comprise at least one of number of heating elements 376 and number of cooling elements 378 located in different locations in association with chamber 310.
• Temperature control system 322 may maintain temperature profile 380 for object 324 along axis 358. Temperature profile 380 may be a gradient of temperatures along frame 326. Temperature profile 380 may control the expansion or
• number of heating elements 376 and number of cooling elements 378 may be used to cool uncured precursor material 384 to increase the density of uncured precursor material 384.
• this increase in the density of uncured precursor material may cause uncured precursor material 384 to not move in an undesired manner through chamber 310 and/or out of chamber 310.
• uncured precursor material 384 may stick together when the density of uncured precursor material 384 is increased.
• plurality of base structures 327 and precursor material 330 that is cured may be cooled during this process in addition to uncured precursor material 384. This cooling may increase the density of precursor material 330 such that a flow of gas through precursor material 330 may be reduced.
• the gas may be, for example, without limitation, oxygen. This reduction in the flow of oxygen through
• precursor material 330 may reduce decreases in the mechanical performance of object 324 caused by the flow of gas through precursor material 330.
• plurality of base structures 327 may shrink in size.
• the shrinking in size may prevent teeth 370 from engaging teeth 368.
• Temperature control system 322 may maintain a
• gears 364 may be selectively repositioned to take into account a change in size in plurality of base structures 327.
• chamber 310 may be tapered along axis 358 to take into account reduction in the size of plurality of base structures 327 from cooling.
• recycling system 320 may collect base structures within plurality of base structures 327 and/or precursor material 330 to be recycled.
• precursor material 330 left over after formation of object 324 may be collected and reused by precursor deposition system 314 for the formation of other objects.
• base structure 332 may be reused for the formation of other objects.
• one of plurality of base structures 327 may serve as base structure 332 for a new object rather than having to place a new first base structure within chamber 310 and engaging the base structure with movement system 316.
• FIG 3 is not meant to imply physical or architectural limitations to a manner in which different advantageous embodiments may be implemented.
• Other components in addition to and/or in place of the ones illustrated may be used. Some components may be unnecessary in some advantageous embodiments.
• the blocks are presented to illustrate some functional components .
• One or more of these blocks may be combined and/or divided into different blocks when
• objects 302 may take forms other than parts 304 or aircraft parts 306.
• objects 302 may take the form of automobile parts, ship parts, pipes, tubing, tools, furniture, and/or other suitable types of objects.
• movement system 316 may comprise devices in addition to or in place of gears 364.
• movement system 316 may comprise friction devices 382.
• Friction devices 382 may include any device configured to create friction between friction devices 382 and frame 326. This friction is used to move frame 326.
• friction devices 382 may include wheels, tracks, and/or other suitable types of devices .
• Manufacturing environment 400 is an example of one implementation of manufacturing environment 300 in Figure 3.
• additive is an example of additive
• manufacturing system 402 provides an example of one manner in which additive manufacturing system 308 in Figure 3 may be implemented.
• additive manufacturing system 402 may comprise chamber 404, curing system 406, precursor deposition system 408, movement system 410, separation system 412, recycling system 414, and temperature control system 416.
• chamber 404 may comprise walls 418 and door 420.
• Door 420 closes opening 422 in walls 418 of chamber 404.
• Curing system 406 may comprise laser system 424 in these examples.
• movement system 410 may include gears 426, 428, 430, 432, 434, 436, 438, 440, 442, and 444.
• gears 426, 428, 430, 432, and 434 may turn in the direction of arrow 445.
• Gears 436, 438, 440, 442, and 444 may turn in the direction of arrow 446.
• Separation system 412 may comprise cutter 448 and cutter 450. Cutter 448 may turn in the direction of arrow 452, while cutter 450 may turn in the direction of arrow 454.
• Temperature control system 416 may include elements 456, 458, 460, 462, 464, 466, 470, 472, 474, 476, 478, and 480. These elements may be selected from at least one of heating elements, cooling elements, and other suitable types of elements.
• recycling system 414 may comprise conveyor belt 482 and powder cleanup station 484. Powder cleanup station 484 may return any reusable precursor material to precursor deposition system 408.
• object 500 may be manufactured through the placement of precursor material 502 in layers 504 onto base structure 506. Portions 508 of object 500 may be formed as layers 504 of precursor material 502 are placed onto base structure 506 with laser system 424 applying laser beam 510 to selectively cure precursor material 502.
• frame 501 may support object 500 as object 500 is formed.
• Frame 501 may comprise base structures 506, 514, 516, 518, 520, 522, and 524. As depicted, a cross-sectional view of frame 501 may be
• base structures 514, 516, 518, 520, 522, and 524 may be seen in phantom view.
• portion 600 of frame 501 may be connected to portion 602 of object 500 in Figure 5.
• base structure 506 may be connected to base structure 514 by connector 604 and connector 606. Further, base structure 514 may be connected to portion 602 of object 500 by connector 608 and connector 610. In this manner, portion 602 of object 500 may be supported by base structure 506 and base structure 514.
• gear 428 of movement system 410 may be seen engaging base structure 522 of frame 501.
• gear 428 may have teeth 702.
• Base structure 522 may have teeth 700.
• Gear 428 may be rotated in the direction of arrow 706, such that teeth 702 may engage teeth 700 on base structure 522. This rotation of gear 428 may cause base structure 522 and frame 501 to be moved along axis 708.
• movement system 800 may be used to engage frame 501 in Figure 5 in the place of movement system 410 in Figure 4.
• movement system 800 may have track 802.
• Track 802 may have teeth 806 around track 802.
• Teeth 806 may be configured to engage teeth 808 on base structure 520, teeth 810 on base structure 518, and other teeth (not shown in this view) on other base structures (not shown in this view) for frame 501.
• track 802 may be moved such that teeth 806 move in the direction of arrow 804. This movement of track 802 and teeth 806 may cause frame 501 with base structure 518 and base structure 520 to be moved in a direction along axis 812.
• cutter 448 for separation system 412 may rotate in the direction of arrow 452 to separate base structure 514 from object 500 in Figure 5.
• base structure 514 may be connected to connector 900 and connector 902.
• Connector 900 may have connected base structure 514 to base structure 516 in Figure 5.
• Connector 902 may have connected base structure 514 to object 500 in Figure 5.
• FIG. 10 an illustration of a flowchart of a process for manufacturing objects is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment.
• the process may be implemented using additive manufacturing system 308 in manufacturing environment 300 in Figure 3.
• the process may begin by placing layers 331 of precursor material 330 on top of each other (operation 1000) .
• the process may selectively cure layers 331 of precursor material
• FIG. 11 an illustration of a flowchart of a process for manufacturing an object is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment.
• the process illustrated in Figure 11 may be implemented using additive manufacturing system 308 in manufacturing environment 300 in Figure 3.
• the process may begin by positioning base structure 332 for frame 326 with respect to movement system 316 (operation 1100). In operation 1100, the process may position base structure 332 such that movement system 316 may hold and/or move base structure 332 and frame 326 as frame 326 grows.
• layer 328 of precursor material 330 may be placed onto base structure 332 (operation 1102) .
• layer 328 of precursor material 330 may be selectively cured using curing system 312 (operation 1104) .
• Frame 326 with base structure 332 may be moved in a direction away from curing system 312 along axis 358 using movement system 316 (operation 1106) .
• the layer of precursor material that has been selectively cured may be referred to as a prior layer in these examples .
• the process may place new layer 352 of precursor material 330 onto the prior layer of precursor material 330 (operation 1108) .
• a determination may be made as to whether a new base structure is needed (operation 1110) .
• new layer 352 of precursor material 330 may be selectively cured to form portion 356 of object 324 and portion 359 of new base structure 354 (operation 1112) .
• the new layer may be selectively cured using curing system 312 to form another portion of object 324 and another portion of new base structure 354 (operation 1120) . Thereafter, the process may return to operation 1114 as described above.
• new layer 352 may be selectively cured by curing system 312 to form portion 356 of object 324 without forming portion 359 of new base structure 354
• each block in the flowcharts or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, function, and/or a portion of an operation or step.
• the function or functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures.
• two blocks shown in succession may be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the
• the different advantageous embodiments provide a method and apparatus for manufacturing objects.
• the different advantageous embodiments may place layers of precursor material on top of each other.
• the layers of precursor material may be selectively cured as they are placed on top of each other to form a portion of an object and a portion of a frame associated with the object.

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• 2010
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