WO2012038460A2 - Method for protecting living plants against harmful insects using a sheet-like structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for protecting living plants against harmful insects by using a sheet-like structure impregnated with an insecticide to cover the surface of the stem, pseudostem, branch, root ball and/or root region of the plant. The invention also relates to living plants which have the surface of the stem, pseudostem, branch, root ball and/or root region of the plant covered by a sheet-like structure impregnated with an insecticide. The invention further relates to a rectangular sheet-like structure which is impregnated with an insecticide and contains a fastening means which, once the surface of the stem, pseudostem or branch of a plant has been covered in tube form, allows the covering to be retained permanently thereon. The invention additionally relates to a sheet-like structure which is impregnated with an insecticide and is in the form of a perforated disc having a continuous through-passage between the outer and inner peripheries. Finally, the invention also relates to the use of the sheet-like structure for protecting living plants against harmful insects.

Description

 Method for protecting living plants against harmful insects with a sheet

The subject of the present invention is a method of protecting live plants from harmful insects by covering with a sheet impregnated with an insecticide the surface of the stem, pseudo-trunk, branch, root ball and / or root area of the plant. A further subject matter is living plants in which the surface of the stem, pseudophor, branch, root ball, and / or root area of the plant is covered with a fabric which is impregnated with an insecticide. The invention also relates to a rectangular sheet which is impregnated with an insecticide and which contains a fastening means which, after tubular covering of the surface of the trunk, pseudobunk or branch of a plant, allows it to be permanently held thereon. Further, it relates to a sheet impregnated with an insecticide in the form of a perforated disk having a continuous break between the outer and inner edges. Finally, it also relates to the use of the fabrics to protect live plants from harmful insects. Combinations of preferred features with other preferred features are encompassed by the present invention. Various insects require living parts of plants for their reproduction or development. For example, Bark beetle and rape beetle in living parts of plants to lay eggs there. Certain insect species, such as e.g. Plants harmful butterflies, longhorn beetles and European beetles lay their eggs on plant parts and the hatching larvae go into woody, living plant parts for their further development. Other insects eat on leaves, needles but also on bark. For cork oaks, the valuable cork should be protected from the ingress of cork oak beetle. Various insects hibernate in the bark of living trees and migrate in spring to feed in the treetops. Even in the root area itself and around plants live active pests (such as citrus longhorn beetle, cockchafer, leaf wasp and weevil), which are to prevent the hatching or excursion as well as bark and trunk feeding.

So far, the plants to be protected or plant parts are sprayed directly with an insecticide. The disadvantages are mainly in the drift (no precise application possible) and thus in the contamination of the surrounding area. For this reason, many methods may not be used in water conservation areas or during flowering to protect bees and bumblebees. Moreover, using the previous methods, whole trees and shrubs are treated and large quantities of insecticides are applied.

Object of the present invention was to find a method for the protection of living plants, such as trees and shrubs, from harmful insects. The object has been achieved by a method for protecting live plants from insect pests by covering them with a fabric impregnated with an insecticide, the surface of the trunk, pseudo-trunk, branch, root ball and / or root area of the plant.

Living plants are plants that are biologically active and intact. They are different from dead plants that can not grow anymore. Usually, the roots of living plants have contact with substrate, for example, the soil or substrate in pots. Trees in a growth break, e.g. in winter are also considered living plants. Root-bare plants, such as bare-root trees, can also be living plants as long as they are biologically active and intact.

All plants are suitable, which have at least one trunk, pseudo trunk, or branch. Further suitable plants are those with a root ball of at least 3 cm (preferably at least 10 cm, and particularly preferably at least 30 cm) in diameter, for example trees and shrubs. Furthermore, plants having a root area of at least 20 cm in diameter (preferably at least 50 cm) are suitable as plants, for example trees and shrubs.

Preferred plants are trees such as conifers (such as pine, spruce, Douglas fir, larch, pine, fir, cedar, stone pine) and deciduous trees (such as maple, acacia, birch, pear, beech, oak (such as cork oak), alder, aspen, ash , Icy berry, hazel, hornbeam, cherry, chestnut, linden, American walnut, poplar, sycamore, peach, olive, robinia, elm, walnut, gum, zebrano, willow, Turkey oak). Particularly preferred plants are deciduous trees.

Preferred deciduous trees are fruit trees, such as pome fruit (eg apple, pear, quince, spout [Sorbus domestica]), stone fruits (eg cherry, sour cherry, plum, plum, peach, apricot, nectarine), or as stalks pulled berry fruit (eg currants, gooseberries), with pome fruit and stone fruit being preferred. In another embodiment, oaks such as cork oaks are preferred deciduous trees. The plant organs stem, pseudo trunk and branch are known in the art. Also anatomically similar to a stem shaped parts of a plant are understood as a sham trunk. The root ball may be bare root or the roots may be surrounded by substrate. The diameter of stem, pseudo trunk and branch are usually at least 0.5 cm, preferably at least 2 cm and more preferably at least 5 cm. The root zone of a plant is usually the area in the vicinity of the plant where its roots are wide. This is preferably a circle-like area around the plant on the earth's surface.

In a preferred embodiment, in the method according to the invention with the fabric, the surface of the trunk, pseudo trunk, and / or branch (in particular the trunk or pseudo trunk, especially the trunk) of the plant covered.

In a further preferred embodiment, in the method according to the invention with the fabric, the surface is covered by the root ball of the plant.

In a further preferred embodiment, in the method according to the invention with the fabric, the surface is covered by the root region of the plant. The sheet covers the surface of the trunk, pseudo trunk, branch, root ball, and / or root area. The term "cover" means that the fabric has at least partially surface contact with the surface.

In a preferred form, the sheet has at least partially surface contact with the surface. Usually, at least 10%, preferably at least 50%, particularly preferably at least 70%, and especially at least 90%, of the fabric have surface contact with the surface.

The fabric covers the surface in the process of the invention for a period of at least one week, preferably at least one month, more preferably at least three months, most preferably at least six months, and especially at least twelve months. The sheet can cover the surface for up to 10 years, preferably up to 3 years.

Textile materials (for example a cotton or polyester fabric), non-textile plastic materials, paper, leather, artificial leather, plastic film (for example made of polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene or cellulose) and others, preferably flexible ones, are suitable as the textile fabric Materials.

The fabric usually has an area of at least 0.001 m ² , preferably of at least 0.005 m ² and particularly preferably of at least 0.05 m ² . The area can be up to 100.0 m ² , preferably up to 30.0 m ² , particularly preferably up to 3.0 m ² .

The sheet used is preferably a textile material, in particular nets of textile fibers. These may be nets made of natural fibers or synthetic fibers. Of course, it may also be mixtures of two or more different fibers. examples for Natural fibers include cotton, jute or linen fibers. Preferably, they are synthetic fibers of suitable polymers. Examples include polyamides, polyesters, polyacrylonitrile or polyolefins. Preference is given to polyamides, polyolefins and polyesters, particularly preferably polyolefins, in particular polypropylene or polyethylene, and polyesters. Very particular preference is given to polyester fibers, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

The fibers may be mono-, oligo- or multifilaments, which may be smooth or textured.

Polypropylene and polyethylene may be polypropylene or polyethylene homopolymers, respectively. However, it may also be copolymers which comprise, in addition to the ethylene or propylene, small amounts of other comonomers. Suitable comonomers may in particular be other olefins such as, for example, ethylene or propylene and also 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, styrene or α-methylstyrene. Serve and / or polyenes act. The proportion of comonomers in the polyethylene or polypropylene is generally not more than 20% by weight, preferably not more than 10% by weight. The type and amount of the comonomers are chosen by the skilled person depending on the desired properties of the fiber.

Particularly preferred for fiber production are relatively high molecular weight, viscous products, which are characterized in the usual way by their melt flow index (determined according to ISO 1133). It may preferably be at least one polypropylene or polyethylene having a melt flow index MFR (230 ° C, 2.16 kg) of 0.1 to 60 g / 10 min. It is preferably polypropylene with a melt flow index M FR (230 ° C, 2.16 kg) of 1 to 50 g / 10 min, more preferably 10 to 45 g / 10 min and for example 30 to 40 g / 10 min. Such types of polypropylene are particularly suitable for the production of fibers. Of course, a mixture of several different types of polypropylene can be used.

Depending on the nature of the mesh, the textile fibers have a thickness of 0.05 to 0.6 mm, preferably 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm, particularly preferably 0.12 to 0.35 mm, and very particularly preferably 0 , 2 to 0.3 mm.

The preferably used nets preferably have a pattern of meshes with an even number of corners. The nets may in this case preferably consist only of a single type of stitches, for example, only quadrangular or only hexagonal stitches, or they may also comprise two or more types of different stitches, for example a combination of octagonal and square stitches. The meshes of the net should in this case preferably be substantially similar, ie that the mesh may indeed have smaller deviations with regard to shape and the size of the mesh, but that the values do not scatter excessively around the mean values.

The mesh size of the mesh can be varied widely, for example from 0.5 mm to 25 mm, preferably from 1 mm to 20 mm. Preferred mesh sizes (side length of a square mesh) are in the range of 5 mm, preferably 2.5 mm, in particular 1.5 mm as the upper limit and 0.1 mm, preferably 0.25 mm, particularly preferably 0.5 mm, in particular 0, 7 mm as lower limit.

The meshes of the net are preferably selected from the group of square, hexagonal or octagonal meshes.

The square meshes are meshes in the form of a parallelogram with sides a and b. Of course, the term "parallelogram" also includes the terms "rectangle" and "square." The smaller angle between the two sides of the parallelogram is generally between 60 and 90.degree .. For the limiting case of 90.degree., The parallelogram is one Rectangle: The borderline case a = b and 90 ° is a square, and the parallelogram has the height h _a . For a rectangle or a square, the height h _{a is} the length of the side a. Square meshes are particularly preferred ,

In the hexagonal meshes, three pairs of mutually parallel sides a, b and c are arranged at the distances h _a , hb and h _c . In the octagonal meshes, four pairs of mutually parallel sides a, b, c and d are arranged at the distances h _a , hb, h _c and hd. It is known to those skilled in the art that it is not possible to create area-wide patterns from octagons. A net comprising octagonal stitches therefore additionally comprises at least a second sort of stitches. These can be quadrilateral meshes.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, the height h _{a in} both the parallelogram, the hexagon and the octagon 0.1 to 0.99 mm, preferably 0.1 to 0.9 mm, more preferably 0.12 to 0.8 mm and most preferably 0.25 to 0.7 mm.

In the case of the parallelogram, the length-to-height ratio b / h _{a is} 1: 1 to 5: 1, preferably 1: 1 to 4: 1 and particularly preferably 2: 1 to 4: 1. Thus, in the case of a ratio b / h _a, the mesh can be 1: 1 by a square with a side length of 0.1 to 0.99 mm. A larger ratio of b / h _a is an elongated structure in one direction. The distance h _a of 0.99 mm maximum smaller insects are effectively prevented from passing through the network, while the length may well be greater than 0.99 mm, so that the air permeability of the network is not unduly hindered.

In the case of the hexagon, the ratio ((h _b + h _c ) / 2) / h _{a is} 1: 1 to 5: 1, preferably 1: 1 to 4: 1 and particularly preferably 2: 1 to 4: 1. The situation here is analogous to the parallelogram. In the case of a ratio of 1: 1 is a regular hexagon with three equal sides, each having the same distance of not more than 0.99 mm to each other. At a larger ratio ((hb + h _c ) 1 2) I h _a , an elongated hexagon is formed in one direction. The effect in terms of insect or air permeability is like the parallelogram.

In the octagon, the ratio ((h _b + hc + h _d ) / 3) / h _{a is} 1: 1 to 5: 1, preferably 1: 1 to 4: 1 and more preferably 2: 1 to 4: 1. The situation here is analogous to the parallelogram. In the case of a ratio of 1: 1 is a regular octagon with four equal sides, each having the same distance of not more than 0.99 mm to each other. At a larger ratio ((hb + h _c + hd) / 3) / h _a , an octagon elongated in one direction is formed. The effect of insect or air permeability is similar to the parallelogram.

In addition to hexagonal and hexagonal meshes, in this embodiment, for example, combinations of quadrangular and octagonal meshes can also be used or the shape and size of the meshes can be varied in parts of the mesh. For example, the edges of the mesh may be knitted more densely, or thicker textile fibers, also made of a different polymer, may be intermittently acted upon for stabilization.

The terms "height" and "length" refer to the open area of each stitch without regard to the fibers or coated fibers. Analogously, the term "mesh size" in the sense of this invention means the mesh size of the mesh, i.e. the open area of each mesh without regard to the fibers or the coated fibers, respectively Textile mesh materials according to this embodiment of the invention are described in WO 2010/012671.

The thickness of the fibers used for producing the textile material according to the invention, in particular the nets according to the invention, are selected by the person skilled in the art according to the desired properties of the net. The thicker the fibers, the greater is the mechanical stability of the net, on the other hand, with decreasing mesh size, the proportion of open area in comparison to the proportion the area covered by fibers is always lower. As a rule, the fiber thickness should be such that the net has at least 20%, preferably at least 40% and in particular at least 50% open area. Networks of the type described are commercially available.

The networks used may preferably be single-layer networks. However, they can also be so-called spacer fabrics in which two nets are connected to each other by means of monofilaments in a double layer. The term "impregnating" means any type of treatment of the fabric with at least one insecticide by which a homogeneous distribution of the mixture on or in the fabric is achieved. Homogenous means that the concentration of a particular insecticide is essentially the same at each point of the surface.

In one embodiment, the impregnation is carried out by coating the sheet or, preferably, mono- or multifilaments or fibers from which the sheet is produced, with at least one insecticide together with a binder (variant A).

The binder is used to fix the insidicide on the mono- or multifilaments or fibers from which the fabric is produced, or on the end of line coating (described below using the example of a network). This ensures that the active ingredient can not be washed or at least only very slowly.

In principle, the polymeric binder can be any desired binder, provided that the binders are capable of fixing the insecticide mixture, in particular, on textile materials. Preference is therefore given to binders which are known from the field of textile impregnation and textile coating. Of course, a mixture of several, different binders can be used.

Examples include (meth) acrylates comprising homo- or copolymers, polyurethanes, polyisocyanurates or waxes, such as polyethylene waxes.

For example, they may be binders which can be obtained by polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, preferably at least one monomer selected from (meth) acrylates, in particular C 1 to C 12 esters of (meth) acrylic acid, crosslinking groups (Meth ) acrylates, (meth) acrylic acid, maleic acid or esters of maleic acid, acrylonitrile, styrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, ethylene, propylene, allyl alcohol or vinyl chloride. A preferred embodiment of the invention involves a copolymer of ethylenically unsaturated monomers which comprises, as monomers, 50 to 95% by weight of at least one (meth) acrylate (A) of the general formula H ² C =CHR ¹ -COOR ² , where R ^{1 is} H or methyl and R ^{2 is} an aliphatic, linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms. R ¹ is preferably H. Examples of suitable radicals R ² include in particular methyl, ethyl, n-butyl or 2-ethylhexyl radicals, preferably ethyl, n-butyl or 2-ethylhexyl radicals. The copolymer additionally comprises 1 to 20% by weight of (meth) acrylic acid or additional (meth) acrylic acid derivatives (B) containing functional groups. This may in particular be a (meth) acrylic ester and / or (meth) acrylamide. The functional groups serve to bind the binders on the nets and can also be used for networking. For example, they may be ω-hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates, (meth) acrylic esters having epoxide groups, for example glycidyl esters, (meth) acrylamides or derivatives thereof, for example (meth) acrylic acid methylolamide H 2 C =CH (CH ₃ ) -CO -HN-CH2-OH act. In addition, it is possible to use other ethylenically unsaturated, preferably monoethylenically unsaturated, monomers (C) other than A and B, for example acrylonitrile or styrene. The amount of further monomers is generally 0 to 30 wt.%. Particularly preferred is a binder which contains 70 to 90% by weight of an acrylic ester

in which R ² comprises 4 to 8 C atoms and is preferably n-butyl and / or 2-ethylhexyl, and furthermore 10 to 20% by weight of acrylonitrile, 1 to 10% by weight of (meth) acrylic acid or a functional group-containing (meth) acrylic acid derivative, in particular (meth) acrylic acid methylolamide.

The stated, preferred binders can be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art, preferably by means of emulsion polymerization.

Preference is given to an acrylate binder, in particular a copolymer, obtainable by emulsion polymerization of components B1 to B4 and optionally B5.

As component B1, one or more, preferably 1, 2 or 3, particularly preferably a (meth) acrylate (e) of the formula (I) is used, H ₂ C = CR ¹ -COOR ² (I) where the symbols have the following meanings :

R ¹ is H or CH ₃ , preferably H, and

C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, sec-pentyl, neopentyl, 1 , 2-dimethylpropyl, i-amyl, n-hexyl, i-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl or n-decyl, particularly preferably ethyl, n-butyl or 2-ethylhexyl, very particularly preferred are ethyl, n-butyl or 2-ethylhexyl.

Preferred as component B1 are methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate. Also preferred are butyl acrylate alone or in admixture with methyl methacrylate or ethyl acrylate. Especially preferred is n-butyl acrylate.

As component B2 at least one monomer from the group N-methylol acrylamide, N-methylolmethacrylamide, Ν, Ν'-Bismethylolmaleinsäurediamid and Ν, Ν'- Bismethylolfumarsäurediamid is used.

Preference is given to N-methylolacrylamide and N-methylolmethacrylamide, in particular N-methylolmethacrylamide.

As component B3, one or more monomers, preferably one or two monomers of the group acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, maleic acid and fumaric acid are used. Preference is given to acrylic acid and methacrylic acid; Acrylic acid is particularly preferred.

As component B4, one or more monomers, preferably one or two monomers from groups B4A and / or B4B are used.

Monomers of group B4A are those of the formula (II) and / or (III),

H ₂ C = CR ³ X (II) ZHC = CHZ (III) where the symbols have the following meanings: R ³ is H or CH ₃ , preferably H;

X is Z, -CO-N H-CH2-N H-CO-CR ³ = CH ₂ or

COO-CH 2 -CO-CH 2 -COOR ⁴ , preferably Z;

Z is CONH ₂ , CONH-CH ₂ -OR ⁵ , COO-Y-OH, COO-glycidyl, CHO, CO-Y-OH, preferably CONH ₂ ;

Y is C ₁ -C ₈ -alkylene, preferably C ₂ -C ₆ -alkylene and

R ⁴ , R ⁵ are identical or different and are a linear or branched C 1 -C 10 -alkyl group; and (meth) acryl-modified benzophenones, as described, for example, in EP-A 0 346 734.

Preferred monomers of group B4A are acetoacetoacetyl acrylate, acetoacetyl methacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, maleic acid diamide, N-methoxy methylacrylamide, Nn-butoxymethylacrylamide, 3-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl methacrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl methacrylate, 2-acrylic acid. hydroxy-3-chloropropyl ester, methacrylic acid-3-hydroxy-3-chloro-propyl ester, glycidyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate. Particularly preferred are acrylamide, 3-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, butanediol monoacrylate acetylacetate, glycidyl methacrylate and 4-acryloxybenzophenone.

Suitable monomers of group B4B allyl acrylate, Acrylsäuremethallylester, allyl methacrylate, Methacrylsäuremethallylester, maleic acid diallyl ester, ma- be leinsäuredimethylallylester, Fumarsäureallylester, Fumarsäuremethallylester, phthalic säurediallylester, Phthalsäuredimethylallylester, diallyl terephthalate, Te- rephthalsäuredimethallylester, p-divinylbenzene, butane-1, 4-diol diallyl ether and Butane-1, 4-diol dimethallylether used.

Preferred monomers of group B4 are those of group B4A, wherein the use of one or two monomers from this group is preferred.

Preferred monomers of group B5 are those of group B5A, as well as vinylaromatic monomers from group B5B.

As component B5A it is preferred to use acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile, preferably acrylonitrile. As component B5B, styrene and α-methylstyrene are preferred, particularly preferred is styrene.

In a preferred embodiment, acrylonitrile is used as the monomer of component B5 for the preparation of the acrylate binder.

The acrylate binder (B) is obtainable by emulsion polymerization of (data in% by weight are in each case based on the total amount B): b1) 20 to 93 wt .-%, preferably 50 to 90 wt .-%, particularly preferably 60 to 90 Wt .-%, in particular 75 to 85 wt .-%, of component B1;

b2) 1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 1, 5 to 3 wt .-% of the component B2;

b3) 0.2 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 4 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.75 to 4

Wt .-%, in particular 1 to 3 wt .-% of component B3;

b4) 0 to 7 wt .-%, preferably 0 to 5 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0 to 4.5 wt .-%, in particular 0 or 0.2 to 4.5 wt .-% of component B4 and b5 ) 0 to 40 wt .-%, preferably 5 to 40 wt .-%, particularly preferably 5 to 30

Wt .-%, in particular 0 or 5 to 26 wt .-% of component B5 Suitable processes are known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in WO 2005/064072 (page 20, line 20 to page 23, line 15). The weight-average molecular weight of the resulting non-crosslinked emulsion polymers is generally between 40,000 and 250,000 (determined by GPC (gel permeation chromatography)). The molecular weight is generally controlled by the use of chain termination reagents, for example organosulfur compounds, in conventional amounts.

The particularly preferred acrylate binder is generally obtained in the form of an aqueous dispersion and is usually used in this form in the insecticidal formulation according to the invention. The preferred acrylate binder may further include conventional additives known to those skilled in the art, for example, film formers and / or plasticizers, e.g. Adipates, phthalates, butyldiglycol, mixtures of diesters obtainable by reaction of dicarboxylic acids with straight-chain or branched alcohols. Suitable dicarboxylic acids and alcohols are known to the person skilled in the art.

In addition to the binders mentioned, silicone oils and waxes, polysiloxanes, resins having fluorinated hydrocarbon radicals, melamine-formaldehyde condensates, methylol-urea derivatives and curable polyesters are also suitable, with silicone oils being preferred.

The preferred silicone oils and waxes are generally linear or cyclic polyorganosiloxanes, preferably polyalkyl and / or phenylsiloxanes, where alkyl is, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl or octyl, preferably methyl. Particular preference is given to polydimethylsiloxanes, poly (methylphenylsiloxanes) and corresponding compounds in which part of the methyl groups has been replaced by higher alkyl groups. The molecular weight is preferably between 1000 and 150,000. Optionally, the silicone oils, and especially waxes, consistency regulators, e.g. Metal soaps such as lithium stearate, fumed silica, PTFE, boron nitride or urea contain to achieve a pasty or fat-like consistency.

For the production of the fabrics according to the invention, in particular nets, the binders can be used in the form of a formulation in a solvent, preferably as an aqueous formulation. However, the invention also encompasses solvent-free formulations. In a preferred embodiment, aqueous formulations are used which contain 55 to 99% by weight of water, preferably 85 to 98% by weight of water and 1 to 45% by weight, preferably 2 to 15% by weight, of solids the sum of all components in the formulation are related. The exact concentration also depends on the adsorption capacity of the textile substrate.

The solids are at least one binder, the insecticidal mixture, optionally at least one crosslinker and optionally other components.

At least one water-dispersible crosslinker is preferably used. In particular, in the case of the preferred acrylate binder, it is preferably a crosslinker which has free isocyanate groups. These may preferably be isocyanurates which have free isocyanate groups, preferably isocyanurates, which are derived from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic diisocyanates having 4 to 12 carbon atoms. Examples include 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,12-dodecane diisocyanate, 2,2'-and 2,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate or 2,4-toluene diisocyanate. Preference is given to isocyanurates based on 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate. Particular preference is given to isocyanurates which have additional hydrophilic groups, in particular polyethylene oxide groups. The preparation of such isocyanurates is known to the person skilled in the art. They are preferably used dissolved in polar aprotic solvents, such as ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate. Further details of the preferred isocyanate group-containing crosslinkers are disclosed in WO 2008/052913, page 34, line 6 to page 35, line 3. Particular preference is given to using an isocyanurate based on 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (H MDI) which has additional polyethylene oxide groups, the isocyanurate being dissolved in propylene carbonate (70% by weight of HMDI in propylene carbonate). The amount of free isocyanate groups is about 1 1 to 12 wt.%, Based on the solution. The crosslinker is preferably used in an amount of 1 to 10 wt.% With respect to the amount of all solids of the formulation. The crosslinkers based on isocyanurates are particularly suitable for crosslinking the abovementioned copolymers.

The formulation may further contain typical additives and adjuvants, UV protectants and dyes. Examples of such additives are mentioned in WO 2008/052913 page 35, line 17 to page 37, line 5.

In addition to purely aesthetic purposes, dyes and pigments can exert a warning effect, for example on birds or mammals, or cause camouflage of the insecticide nets against insects. In addition, dark colors can cause desired shading and reduce the harmful effect of UV light on active ingredients and textile fibers in outdoor applications. Wetting agents and thickeners can be used to achieve a uniform application of the treatment liquor in poorly and therefore inhomogeneously wettable fabrics, such as polyolefin fibers. For this purpose, water-miscible solvents could be used, but this is not preferred because of the Um- far harmfulness. The person skilled in the commonly used adjuvants and their concentrations are known.

The formulations may preferably comprise antioxidants, peroxide scavengers, UV absorbers and light stabilizers. This is particularly recommended for networks that are exposed outdoors or in greenhouses increased UV irradiation. The additives mentioned protect both the substrate fibers and the active ingredients from radiation-induced decomposition.

Suitable UV absorbers are described, for example, in WO 02/46503 or in WO 2007/077101. UV absorbers can be used on the one hand as a component of the formulation for impregnation. But they can also, for example in polyolefins and polyesters, already be incorporated in the course of the production of the fibers. It is also advantageous to use mixtures of several stabilizers which have different protective effects. Based on the weight of the untreated network, 0.2 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.25 to 4% and very particularly preferably 0.5 to 3.5% stabilizer are generally used. The amount in the formulation is adjusted accordingly by a person skilled in the art.

In a further embodiment, the impregnation is carried out by admixing at least one insecticide to form a polymer and coextrusion of polymer and at least one insecticide into a monofilament which is processed into the sheet according to the invention (variant B). In a further embodiment of the invention, the impregnation is carried out by incorporating at least one insecticide directly into a monofilament, e.g. is processed into fibers of which the sheet according to the invention consists or which are contained therein. Preferably, the fabric in this variant is a net.

Suitable plastic material for the monofilament, in which the mixture according to the invention can be incorporated, are thermoplastic polymers, preferably based on olefinically unsaturated monomers, for example polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohols, poly (meth) acrylates, but also polyesters and polycarbonates, and if appropriate, mixtures of the stated polymers with one another or with thermoplastic elastomers. Particularly preferred are polyethylene, eg, low density polyethylene (LDPE) such as linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), ultra low density polyethylene Density (ULDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene resins such as copolymers of ethylene and alpha olefins having at least three carbon atoms, polypropylene homopolymers, random and block copolymers of propylene and alpha Olefins having four or more carbon atoms, copolymers of ethylene with unsaturated carboxylic acid compounds, for example poly (ethylene-methyl methacrylate), poly (ethylene-vinyl acetate) or poly (ethylene-acrylic acid), and mixtures of such polymers and copolymers. Examples of thermoplastic elastomers include olefin and styrene based thermoplastic elastomers. Preference is given on the one hand to copolymers with ethylene or propylene as the main component, and on the other hand to block copolymers comprising polystyrene and polyisoprene and / or polybutadiene blocks and hydrogenated derivatives of such copolymers.

To prepare the monofilaments, an insecticide and the plastic may be mixed by melt-kneading. It is also possible first to prepare a masterbatch by means of melt kneading corresponding amounts of insecticide and plastic, which is then diluted to the desired concentration by melt kneading with a further quantity of plastic. If the masterbatch method is used, it is also possible to use different plastics for the masterbatch and the subsequent dilution, for example an LLDPE for the masterbatch and an HDPE for diluting the masterbatch.

In addition to the plastic and the insecticide, the plastic composition optionally contains a powdery carrier material, preferably from the group of talcs, kaolin, clays, finely powdered S1O2 carbon and dextrins. The content of pulverulent carrier material, if present, is preferably from 0.01 to 10% by weight. The powdery carrier material can be mixed with the insecticide mixture and the plastic by melt kneading, preferably first the insecticide mixture and the powdery material are mixed and then, for example by melt kneading, mixed with the plastic. More preferably, a mixture of the powdered material and the insecticide mixture is used to prepare a masterbatch.

In addition to plastic, insecticide and optionally powdered carrier, the plastic composition optionally contains conventional additives to thermoplastic molding compositions, such as pigments, antioxidants, lubricants, etc.

To produce the filaments according to these embodiments, for example, plastic, insecticide and optionally further additives are mixed by melt kneading, preferably at elevated temperatures, extruded and processed into pellets. Such pellets can be cast into filament by melt spinning or by the extrusion method, from which, according to the Raschel method, nets according to the invention can be weaved. Details of net material and its production for this embodiment of the invention are described, for example, in WO 2008/00471 1. As insecticide, all known insecticides come into consideration. Particularly suitable insecticides are the following already known active substances (see "The Pesticide Manual", Edition 2003, EC Tanlin):

1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors

 Carbamates, for example alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, allyxycarb, aminocarb,

Bendiocarb, Benfuracarb, Bufencarb, Butacarb, Butocarboxime, Butoxycarboxim, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Carbosulfan, Cloethocarb, Dimetilan, Ethiofencarb, Fenobucarb, Fenothiocarb, Formetanate, Furathiocarb, Isoprocarb, Metam-sodium, Methiocarb, Methomyl, Metolcarb, Oxamyl, Pirimicarb, Promecarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC, xylylcarb and triazamates.

Organophosphates, for example acephates, azamethiphos, azinphos (-methyl, -ethyl), bromophos-ethyl, bromfenvinfos (-methyl), butathiofos, cadusafos, carbophenothione, chloroethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chloroformes, chlorpyrifos (- methyl / -ethyl), Coumaphos, Cyanofenphos, Cyanophos, Chlorfenvinphos, Demeton-S-methyl, Demeton-S-methylsulphone, Dialifos, Diazinon, Dichlofenthione, Dichlorvos / DDVP, Dicrotophos, Dimethoate, Dimethylvinphos, Dioxabenzofos, Disulfone, EPN, Ethion, Ethoprophos, Etrimfos, Famphur, Fenamiphos, Fenitrothion, Fensulfothion, Fenthion, Flupyrazofos, Fonofos, Formothion, Fosmethilane, Fosthiazate, Heptenophos, iodofenphos, Iprobenfos, Isazofos, Isofenphos, Isopropyl O-salicylates, Isoxathion, Malathion, Mecarbam, Methacrifos, Methamidophos , Methidathion, Mevinphos, Monocrotophos, Naled, Omethoate, Oxydemetonmethyl, Parathion (-methyl / -ethyl), Phenthoate, Phorates, Phosalones, Phosmet, Phosphonite, Phosphocarb, Phoxim, Pirimiphos (-methyl / -ethyl) , Profenofos, Propaphos, propetamphos, prothiofos, prothoates, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, pyridathion,

Quinalphos, Sebufos, Sulfotep, Sulprofos, Tebupirimfos, Temephos, Terbufos, Tetrachlorvinphos, Thiometon, Triazophos, Triclorfon and Vamidothion.

2) Sodium Channel Modulators / Voltage Dependent Sodium Channel Blockers

Pyrethroids, for example acrinathrin, allethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans) _s beta

Cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin-S-cyclopentyl isomer, bioethanolmethrin, biopermethrin, bioresmethrin, chlovaporthrin, cis-cypermethrin, cis-resmethrin, cis-permethrin, clocythrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin (alpha-, beta , theta, zeta), cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, pententrin, (IR isomer), esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenfluthrin, fenpropathrin, fenyrrithrin, fenvalerate, flubrocythrinates, flucythrinates, flufenprox, flumethrin, fluvalinate, fubfenprox, gamma Cyhalothrin, Imiprothrin, Kadethrin, Lambda Cyhalothrin, metofluthrin, permethrin (cis, trans), phenothrin (IR transisomer), prallethrin, profuthrin, protrifenbutene, pyresmethrin, resmethrin, RU 15525, silafluofen, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin (-IR- isomer), traomethrin, transfluthrin, ZXI 8901 and pyrethrins (pyrethrum);

 DDT

 Oxadiazines, for example Indoxacarb.

3) Acetylcholine receptor agonists / antagonists

 Chloronicotinyls, for example acetamipride, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacoloride, nitenpyram, nithiazines, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, nicotine, bensultap and cartap.

4) acetylcholine receptor modulators

 Spinosyn, for example spinosad

5) GABA-driven chloride channel antagonists

 Organochlores, for example camphechlor, chlordane, endosulfan, gamma-HCH, HCH, heptachlor, lindane and methoxychlor,

 Fiproles, for example, acetoprole, ethiprole, fipronil, pyrafluprole, pyriprole and vaniliprole.

6) chloride channel activators

 Mectins, for example avermectin, emamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin and milbemcycin.

7) juvenile hormone mimetics, for example, diofenolan, epofenonans, fenoxycarb, hydroprene, kinoprenes, methoprenes, pyriproxifen and triprene.

8) In another form suitable as insecticides Amidrazone in question. Amidrazones, their preparation and their insecticidal activity are well known (see, for example, EP 604 798 A1, JA Furch et al., "Amidrazone: A New Class of Coleopteran Insecticides", ACS Symposium Series 686, Am. Chem. Soc, 1998 18, p. 178 et seq., And DG Kuhn et al., "Cycloalkyl-substituted Amidrazones: A Novel Class of Insect Control Agents", ACS Symposium Series 686, Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, Chapter 19, p 185 ff.). Particularly suitable amidrazones are described in claim 7 of EP 0 604 798 B1, which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Preference is given to using those insecticides which are active against wood pests, in particular against bark and wood-breeding beetle species. These include, for example, such as pyrethroids (eg alpha-cypermethrin). Also suitable are fipronil, amidrazone and chlorfenapyr. Particularly preferred insecticides are alpha-cypermethrin, deltamethrin and permethrin, fipronil, amidrazone and chloroflavin. In another particularly preferred form, the insecticides are selected from alpha-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, fipronil, and chlorfenapyr.

Very particularly preferred insecticides are alpha-cypermethrin, deltamethrin and permethrin. Specially preferred insecticide is alpha-cypermethrin. In another particularly preferred embodiment, the insecticide is chlorphenapyr.

The sheet is impregnated with an insecticide, for example one, two or three insecticides. Preferably, it is impregnated with one or two insecticides, especially with an insecticide. The fabric may contain, in addition to at least one insecticide, other pesticides, such as fungicides, herbicides and / or growth regulators.

The amount of insecticide per square meter of fabric depends on the desired duration of the activity and the potency of the insecticide and can be adjusted by a person skilled in the art. The amount can be from 0.1 to 1000 mg / m ² . The amount of chlorfenapyr is usually 50 to 150 mg / m ² , preferably 70 to 130 mg / m ² , particularly preferably 90 to 1 10 mg / m ² . The amount of alpha-cypermethrin is usually 50 to 150 mg / m ² , preferably 70 to 130 mg / m ² , particularly preferably 90 to 1 10 mg / m ² . The amount of deltamethrin is usually 15 to 45 mg / m ² , preferably 20 to 40 mg / m ² , particularly preferably 25 to 35 mg / m ² . The amount of permethrin is usually 50 to 750 mg / m ² , preferably 75 to 650 mg / m ² , particularly preferably 100 to 550 mg / m ² . The amount of lambda-cyhalothrin is usually 5 to 30 mg / m ² , preferably 7.5 to 25 mg / m ² , particularly preferably 10 to 20 mg / m ² . If chlorphenapyr is used in admixture with a pyrethroid, the amount ratio of chlorfenapyr: pyrethroid is generally 0.06-30: 1, preferably 0.1-10: 1, more preferably 0.1-5: 1.

The particle size of the insecticides in the aqueous formulation is generally from 50 nm to 20 μιη, preferably 50 nm to 8 μιη, more preferably 50 nm to 4 μιτι, in particular 50 nm to 500 nm.

The Flächenmatrial may contain in addition to the insecticide additionally at least one insect repellent component. Suitable insect-repellent components are, for example, Ν, Ν-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), N, N-diethylphenylacetamide (DEPA), 1- (3-cyclohexan-1-yl-carbonyl) -2-methylpiperine, (2- hydroxymethylcyclohexyl) acetic acid lactones, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, indalon, methyl neodecanamide (MN DA), {+/-) - 3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxocyclopent-2 - (+) - enyl - (+) - transchrysantemate (e-biothrin), limonene, eugenol, (+) eucamalol (1), (-) - l -epi-eucamalol, extracts of Eucalyptus maculata, Vitex rotundifolia, Cymbopogan martinii, Cymbopogan citratus, Cymopogan nartdus, ethyl-butylacetylaminopropionate or lcaridin (1-piperidine-carboxylic acid-2- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-methylpropyl ester). For example, the insect repellent components and the other pesticides can already be applied to the fabric in advance, for example by spraying a textile material (for example with Fendona® from BASF SE, a spray containing alphacypermethrin). However, it is also possible to apply these components only on site (for example with Fendona® dip-it-yourself from BASF SE, a preparation containing alphacypermethrin for impregnating nets from textile fibers, or with K-0 TAB® 1 -2-3 from Bayer Crop Science, a preparation containing deltamethrin for impregnating nets of textile fibers).

Sheets impregnated with an insecticide are commercially available, especially textile fiber nets. Examples are Interceptor® from BASF SE (polyester mesh impregnated with alphacypermethrin), DuraNet® from Clarke Moquito Control Products Inc. (polyethylene mesh impregnated with alphacypermethrin), Dawa Plus © from Tanna Netting Co. Ltd. (Polyester net impregnated with deltamethrin), NetProtect® from Bestnet Europe Ltd. (Polyethylene net impregnated with deltamethrin), Iconet® from Syngenta AG (polyester net impregnated with lambdacyhalothrin), Olyset® from Sumitomo Chemical (polyethylene net impregnated with permethrin), and Lifenet® from Bayer Crop Science AG (polypropylene net impregnated with deltamethrin ). Preferred examples are Complion®, Woodnet® or Trinet® from BASF SE.

The term noxious insects according to the invention comprises not only insects in the actual sense but also harmful, in particular as a vector for the transmission of diseases responsible arachnids (Arachnida).

Examples of harmful insects are insects (Insecta) from the orders Diptera, Siphonaptera, Blattaria, Blattodea, Dermaptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Isoptera, Thysanura, Phthiaraptera, Araneida, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Acarina, as well as the classes Chilopoda and Diplopoda. Preference is given to insect pests of the order Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Acarina, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Siphonaptera. Especially preferred are insect pests of the order Lepidoptera and Coleoptera.

Examples of harmful insects are:

Insects of the order Lepidoptera, such as Agrotis ypsilon, Agrotis segetum, Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Argyresthia conjugella, Autographa gamma, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia murinana, Cameraria ohridella, Capua reticulana, Cheimatobia brumata, Choristoneura fumiferana, Choristoneura occidentalis, Cirphis unipuncta, Cydia pomonella, Dendrolimus pini, Diaphania nitidalis, Diatraea grandiosella, Earias indulsana, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Estigmene acrea, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Evetria bouliana, Feltia subterranea, Galleria mellonella, Grapholitha funebrana, Grapholitha molesta, Heliothis armigera, Heliothis virescens, Heliothis Zea, Hellula and Alis, Hibernia defoliaria, Hyphantria cunea, Hyponomeuta malinellus, Keiferia lycopersicella, Lambdina fiscellaria, Laphygma exigua, Leucoptera coffeella, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocolletis blancardella, Lobesia botrana, Loxostege sticticalis, Lymantria dispar, Lymantria moderana, Lyonetia clerkella, Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra brassicae , Orgyia pseudot- sugata, Ostrinia nubilalis, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma saucia, Phalera bucephala, Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris brassicae, Plathypena scabra, Plutella xylostella, Pseudoplusia includens, Rhyacionia frustrana, Scrobipalpula absoluta, Sitotroga cerealella, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura, Thaumatopoea pityocampa, Thaumatoepea processionea; Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia ni and Zeiraphera canadensis.

Beetle (Coleoptera), such as Agrilus sinuatus, Agrilus viridis, Agrilus bigutattus, Agrilus planetipennis, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes obscurus, Amphimallus solstitialis, Anisandrus dispar, Anoplophora glabripennis, Anoplphora chinensis, Anoplpophora sp., Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus pomorum , Aphthona euphoridae, Athous haemorrhoidalis, Atomaria linearis, Blastophagus piniperda, Blitophaga undata, Bruchus rufimanus, Bruchus pisorum, Bruchus lentis, Byctiscus betulae, Cassida nebulosa, Cerotoma trifurcata, Cetonia aurata, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Ceuthorrhynchus napi, Chaetocnema tibialis, Conoderus vespertinus, Crioceris asparagi, Ctenicera ssp., Diabrotica longicornis, Diabrotica semipunctata, Diabrotica 12-punctata Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica virgifera, Epilachna varivestis, Epitrix hirtipennis, Eutinobothrus brasiliensis, Hylobius abietis, Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera postica, Ips typographus, Lema bilineata, Lema melanopus, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Limonius californi cus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Melanotus communis, Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha hippocastani, Melolontha melolontha, Oulema oryzae, Ortiorrhynchus sulcatus, Otiorrhynchus ovatus, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllobius pyri, Phyllotreta chrysocephala, Phyllophaga spp., Phyllopertha horticola, Phyllotreta nemorum, Phyllotreta striolata, Popillia japonica, Sitona lineatus and Sitophilus granaria, flies, mosquitoes (Diptera), such as Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes vexans, Arnastrepha ludens, Anopheles maculipennis, Anopheles crucians, Anopheles albuminus, Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles freeborni, Anopheles leucosphyrus Anopheles minimus, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Calliphora vicina, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomia bezziana, Chrysomya hominivorax, Chrysomia macellaria, Chrysops discalis, Chrysops silacea, Chrysops atlanticus, Cochliomyia hominivorax, Contarinia sorghicola Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culicoides furens, Culex pipiens, Culex nigripalpus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex tarsalis, Culiseta inornata, Culiseta melanura, Dacus cucurbitae, Dacus oleae, Dasineura brassicae, Deila antique, Deila coarctata, Deila platura, Deila radicum, Dermatobia hominis, Fannia canicularis, Geomyza tripunctata, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Glossina morsitans, Glossina palpalis, Glossina fuscipes, Glossina tachinoides, Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris, Hippelates spp., Hylemyia platura, Hypoderma lineata, Leptoconops torrens, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza trifolii, Lucilla caprina, Lucilla cuprina, Lucilla sericata, Lycoria pectoralis, Mansonia titillanus, Mayetiola destructor, Musca domestica, Muscina stabulans, Oestrus ovis, Opomyza horum, Oscinella frit, Pegomya hysocyami, Phorbia antiqua, Phorbia brassicae, Phobia coarctata, Phlebotomus argentipes, Psorophora columbiae, Psila rosae, Psorophore discolor, Prosimulium mixtum, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhagoletis pomonella, Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis, Sarcophaga sp., Simulium vittatum, Stomoxys calcitrans, Tabanus bovine, Tabanus atratus, Tabanus lineola, and Tabanus similis, Tipula oleracea, and Tipula paludosa fringed flyer (Thysanoptera), such as dichromotrips corbetti, dichromotrips ssp, Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella tritici, Scirtothrips citri, Thrips oryzae, Thrips palmi and Thrips tabaci,

Termites (Isoptera), such as Calotermes flavicollis, Leucotermes flavipes, Heterotermes aureus, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes virginicus, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Termes natalensis, and Coptotermes formosanus,

Cockroaches (Blattaria - Blattodea), like. Blattella germanica, Blattella asahinae, Periplantenta americana, Periplaneta japonica, Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta fuligginosa, Peri- planeta australasiae, and Blatta orientalis; true beetles (Hemiptera including homoptera) such as Acrosternum hilare, Blissus leucopterus, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercus intermedius, Eurygaster integriceps, Eushtistus impictiventris, Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus lineolaris, Lygus pratensis, Nezara viridula, Piesma quadrata, Solubea insularis, Thy- perdatorum, Acyrthosiphon onobrychis, Adelges laricis, Aphidula nasturtii, Aphis fabae, Aphis forbesi, Aphis pomi, Aphis gossypii, Aphis grossulariae, Aphis cut, Aphis sperecola, Aphis sambuci, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia argentifolii, Brachycaudus cardui, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Brachycaudus persicae, Brachycaudus prunicola, Brevicoryne brassicae, Capitophorus horni, Cerosipha gossypii, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Cryptomyzus ribis, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Dysaphis radicola, Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis pyri, Empoasca fabae , Hyalopterus pruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Macrosi phum avenae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Macrosiphon rosae, Megoura viciae, Melanaphis pyrarius, Metopolophium dirhodum, Myzus persicae, Myzus ascalonicus, Myzus cerasi, Myzus varians, Nasonovia ribis-nigri, Nilaparvata lugens, Pemphigus bursarius, Perkinsiella saccharicida, Phorodon humuli, Psylla mali, Psylla piri, Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum padi, Rhopalosiphum insertum, Sappaphis mala, Sappaphis mali, Schizaphis graminum, Schizoneura lanuginosa, Sitobion avenae, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Toxoptera aurantiiand, Viteus vitifolii, Cimex lectulus, Cimex hemipterus, Reduvius senilis, Triatoma spp., and Arilus critatus. Ants, bees, wasps, hymenoptera, such as Athalia rosae, Atta cephalotes, Atta capiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta robusta, Atta sexdens, Atta texana, Crematogaster spp., Hoplocampa minuta, Hoplocampa testudinea, Monor- norium pharaonis , Solenopsis geminata, Solenopsis invicta, Solenopsis, Solenopsis xyloni, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, Pogonomyrmex californicus, Pheidole megacephala, Dasymutilla occidentalis, Bombus spp. Vespula squamosa, Paravespula vulgaris, Paravespula pennsylvanica, Paravespula germanica, Dolichovespula maculata, Vespa crabro, Polistes rubiginosa, Camponotus floridanus, and Linepithema humile,

Crickets, grasshoppers, grasshoppers (Orthoptera), such as Acheta domestica, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus bivittatus, Melanoplus femurrubrum, Melanoplus mexicanus, Melanoplus sanguinipes, Melanoplus spretus, Nomadacris septemfasciata, Schistocerca americana, Schistocerca gregaria, Dociostaurus maroccanus, Tachycines asynamorus, Oedaleus Senegalensis, Zonozerus variegatus, Hieroglyphus daganensis, Kraussaria angulifera, Calliptamus italicus, Chortoicetes terminifera, and Locustana pardalina,

Arachnoid, such as arachnids (Acarina), for example the families Argasidae, Ixodidae and Sarcoptidae, such as Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma variegatum, Ambryomma maculatum, Argas persicus, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Boophilus microplus, Dermacentor silvarum, Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis, Hyalomma truncatum , Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes rubicundus, Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes holocyclus, Ixodes pacificus, Ornithodorus moubata, Ornithodorus hermsi,

Ornithodorus turicata, Ornithonyssus bacoti, Otobius megnini, Dermanyssus gallinae, Psoroptes ovis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus,

Rhipicephalus evertsi, Sarcoptes scabiei, and Eriophyidae spp. like Acutus

badendali, Phyllocoptrata oleivora and Eriophyes sheldoni; Tarsonemidae spp. such as Phytonemus pallidus and Polyphagotarsonemus latus; Tenuipalpidae spp. as

Brevipalpus phoenicis; Tetranychidae spp. such as Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus pacificus, Tetranychus telarius and Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Panonychus citri, and Oligonychus pratensis; Araneida, e.g.

Latrodectus mactans, and Loxosceles reclusa, fleas (Siphonaptera), such as Ctenocephalides felis, Ctenocephalides canis, Xenopsylla cheopis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, and Nosopsyllus fasciatus,

Silverfish, sting fish (Thysanura), such as Lepisma saccharina and Thermobia domestica,

Centipede (Chilopoda), such as Scutigera coleoptrata, Millipedes (Diplopoda), like Narceus spp.,

Ear creepers (Dermaptera, such as forficula auricularia, lice (Phthiraptera), such as Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus corporis, Pthirus pubis, Haematopinus eurysternus, Haematopinus suis, Linognathus vituli, Bovica bovis, Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus and Solenopotes capillatus,

Nematodes such as Heterodera glycines, H. avenae, H. schachtii, H. trifolii, H. gottingiana, H. cajani, H. zeae, Globodera rostochiensis, G. pallida, G. tabacum., Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, M. javanica, M. hapla, M. chitwoodi, Ditylenchus destructor, D. dipsaci, D. angustus, Anguina tritici, A. agrostis, Afrina / Anguina wevelli, Pratylenchus penetrans, P. brachyurus, P. coffeae, P. zeae, P. Goodeyi, P. thornei, P. vulnus, Raptopholus similis, Hirschmanniella oryzae, H. mucronata, H. spinicauda, Hoplolaimus columbus, H. seinhorsti, H. indicus, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Tylenchulus semipantrans, Helicotylenchus multicinctus, H. multicinctus, H. mucronatus, H. dihystera, H. pseudorobustus, Criconemella C. xenoplax axestis, C. spharocephalum.

In a preferred embodiment, pest insects of the order Lepidoptera are those of the family Gracillariidae, especially the subfamilies Thaumetopoeinae, Cossinae, Zeuzerinae, Larentinae, Ennominae. Particularly preferred pest insects of the order Lepidoptera are oak processionary spinner (Thaumetopoea processionea), pine processionary spinner (Thaumetopoea pityocampa), willow borer (Cossus cos- sul), blue screen (Zeuzera pyrina), sponge spinner (Lymantria dispar), horse chestnut miner moth (Cameraria ohridella), oak winder (Tortrix viridana), Small Frostspanner (Operophtera brumata), and Large Frostspanner (Erannis defoliaria).

In a preferred embodiment, pest insects of the order Coleoptera are those of the family Curculionidae, Bupraestoidae, Cerambycidae, Scarabaeidae, and Hemiptera, especially the subfamilies Scolytinae, Molytinae, Rhynchophorinae, Agrilinae; Buprestinae, Lamiinae, Melonthinae and Tinginae. Particularly preferred pest insects of the order Coleoptera are book printers (Ips typographus), oak chip beetle (Scolytus intricatus), large elm beetle (Scolytus scolytus), engraver (Pityogenes chalcographus), giant beetle (Dentroctonus micans), mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), large brown weevil (Hylobius abietis ), Greenrod (Phyllobius spec), palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus), beech tree beetle (Agrilus viridis), deciduous beetle (Agrilus spec), white oak bumblebee (Coraebus undatus), poplar ibex (Saperda spec), Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis), citrus beetle ( Anopolophora chinensis), capricorn (Cerambyx cerdo), baker's goat (Monochamus galloprovincialis), softwood hives (Monochamus spec), wood chafer (Melolontha hippocastani), field corn beetle (Melolontha melolontha), sycamore bug (Corythucha ciliata). In a particularly preferred embodiment, the method according to the invention for protecting live cork oaks from harmful insects, such as the cork oak beetle, is suitable by covering the surface of the trunk and / or branch of the cork oaks with a fabric impregnated with an insecticide.

The present invention further relates to living plants in which the surface of the stem, pseudobunk, branch, root ball, and / or root area of the plant is covered with a sheet impregnated with an insecticide.

The present invention further relates to a rectangular sheet (especially a network of textile fibers) which is impregnated with an insecticide and contains a fastening means which, after tubular covering of the surface of the stem, pseudobunk or branch of a plant, allows it to be permanently held thereon.

The fastening means comprises, for example, an adhesive material, a band, a cord or a hook-and-loop fastener, preferably a hook-and-loop fastener. The attachment means usually connects the adjacent corners when the sheet is in tubular form.

The shape of the rectangular sheet is largely rectangular, e.g. square, or trapezoidal. Usually at least two opposite edges are largely parallel. The edges may each have a length of 1 cm to 10.0 m, preferably 5 cm to 5.0 m, and especially 10 cm to 2.5 m.

In a preferred embodiment (so-called "trunk-high net"), the sheet has a height of 30 cm to 5.0 m, preferably 50 cm to 3.0 m, and particularly preferably 80 cm to 2.2 m The length is usually set to cover the circumference of the stem, pseudo trunk, or branch, usually from 10 cm to 5.0 cm m, preferably at 30 cm to 3.0 m and more preferably at 50 cm to 1, 5 m.

In a further preferred embodiment (so-called "cuff-shaped net"), the fabric has a height of 0.5 cm to 50 cm, preferably 2 cm to 30 cm, and particularly preferably 4 cm to 20 cm dimensioned to cover the circumference of the trunk, pseudo trunk, or branch, and is usually from 10 cm to 5.0 m, preferably from 30 cm to 3.0 m, and more preferably from 50 cm to 1.5 m.

The present invention further relates to a sheet (especially a network of textile fibers) which is impregnated with an insecticide, in the form of a perforated disc, the a continuous interruption between the outer and inner edge. The continuous interruption can be designed as a largely radial cut. The shape of the perforated disc may be circular, oval, square, rectangular, or similar to one of these shapes. The shape of the hole in the perforated disc may be circular, o-val, square, rectangular, or similar to one of these shapes. It is also possible to make the hole in the form of at least one cut (eg a cross cut). In a preferred embodiment, the perforated disc and the hole is substantially circular. The diameter of the hole in the perforated disc is usually 0.1 cm to 2 m, preferably 10 cm to 1, 0 m and especially 30 cm to 80 cm. The diameter of the perforated disc is usually 10 cm to 30 m, preferably 1, 0 m to 20 m, and especially 2.0 m to 10.0 m. The diameter of the hole in the perforated disc is of course smaller than the diameter of the perforated disc.

In a further preferred embodiment, the perforated disc is largely rectangular. The edges may each have a length of 50 cm to 30 m, preferably 1, 0 m to 20 m, and especially 2.0 m to 10.0 m.

In order to allow a close fit of the perforated disc around a trunk or pseudo trunk, the edge of the hole may be provided with an elastic material optionally comprising a hook and loop fastener. The perforated disc can be fixed in the area of the outer edge with conventional pegs or the like in the ground.

The present invention further relates to the use of the fabrics according to the invention for the protection of living plants from harmful insects.

The present invention offers a wide variety of advantages: it is possible to protect individual plants or certain parts of plants from the harmful effects of the insects in a very targeted and precise manner. There is no contamination of the environment, as is the case for example in the spray application. This protects the environment and makes it possible to use it even where there are currently restrictions on the use of insecticides to protect water or certain organisms. The plants are efficiently protected from entering the bark or in the wood of living or brooding insects or insectivorous insects. The insect pests are usually killed by contact with the net. The process is less expensive due to the long-lasting effect and less expensive in the long term than the regular spraying with insecticides. The fabric in the form of fibers is permeable to air, so that there is no impairment of the living plants. Examples

Example 1 - Tree trunk covered with high net

Embodiment 1 uses an Interceptor® mesh from BASF SE impregnated with alphacypermethrin (polyester mesh, 75 denier, 155 mesh, 200 mg alphacypermethrin / m ² ). The rectangular net has a length of 180 cm and a height of 160 cm. The net is wrapped around the trunk (about 30 cm diameter) of a tree so that it covers the surface of the trunk from the ground up to a height of 180 cm above the ground. The net is fixed to the trunk by a commercial adhesive tape which is glued about 10 cm above the ground and 180 cm above the ground around the trunk and the net covering it. Alternatively, a cord, rubber band or a band (elastic or non-elastic) with Velcro can be used instead of the tape. Instead of the Interceptor® net, it is also possible to use a DuraNet®, Dawa Plus, NetProtect®, Iconet®, Olyset® or Lifenet®. Preferably, instead of the Interceptor® mesh, a Complion® mesh from BASF SE can be used.

Example 2 - Tree trunk covered with net in cuff form

In Embodiment 2, nets are used as in Example 1. The rectangular net has a length of 20 cm and a height of 10 cm. The net is wrapped around the trunk (about 3 cm diameter) of a tree so that it covers the surface of the trunk at a height of 20 cm (alternatively 60 or 160 cm) above the ground in a width of 10 cm. The net is fixed to the trunk by a commercially available adhesive tape. Alternatively, a cord, rubber band or a band (elastic or non-elastic) with Velcro can be used instead of the tape. As another alternative, the net may be knotted in cuff form at the ends. Example 3 - Tree trunk covered with high net incl. Velcro

 In Example 3, the nets of Example 1 at the top and bottom are provided with a 2 cm wide and 100 cm long bands one side of a hook and loop fastener. At the top and bottom right corner there is a 2 cm wide and 10 cm long band on the opposite side of the hook and loop fastener near the end of the 100 cm long band. This net can now be wrapped around the tree trunk. For attachment, the short end of the band at the corners must now be brought into contact with the long band, so that the Velcro closes. This ensures a secure hold on the tree trunk. Example 4 - Root area covered with round net

In embodiment 4, an Interceptor® net is used in the form of a perforated disk with an outer diameter of 5.0 m and a diameter of the hole of 10 cm, wherein is a radial section between the inner hole and the outer edge. The perforated disc is placed around a tree trunk (about 15 cm in diameter) on the ground above the root area, so that the trunk comes to rest in the area of the hole. In the area of the outer edge of the perforated disc, about 10 pegs are inserted through the net into the ground to fasten it. Instead of the Interceptor® net, it is also possible to use a DuraNet®, Dawa Plus, NetProtect®, Iconet®, Olyset® or Lifenet®. Preferably, instead of the Interceptor® mesh, a Complion® mesh from BASF SE can be used. Example 5 - Network

In Examples 1 to 4, instead of the Interceptor® net, a dark green colored LLIN net is used based on a 100 denier polyester yarn with 45-50 holes per cm ² , and with 100 mg alpha-cypermethrin per m ² net area.

Claims

claims

A method of protecting live plants from harmful insects by covering with a sheet impregnated with an insecticide the surface of the stem, pseudo-trunk, branch, root ball, and / or root area of the plant.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sheet is a textile material. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the pest insects are those of the order Lepidoptera and Coleoptera.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the plants are trees. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plants are deciduous trees.

A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the insecticide comprises a pyrethroid, fipronil, amidrazone and / or chlorfenapyr.

A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the sheet covers the surface for at least one month.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the sheet has at least partially planar contact with the surface.

9. Live plants in which the surface of the stem, pseudophor, branch, root ball, and / or root area of the plant is covered with a sheet impregnated with an insecticide.

A rectangular sheet impregnated with an insecticide and containing a fastener which, after tubular covering of the surface of the stem, pseudopast, or branch of a plant, allows it to be permanently held thereon.

1 1. A fabric according to claim 9, wherein the fastening means comprises a hook-and-loop fastener which joins the mutually adjacent corners when the fabric is in tubular form. 12. A sheet impregnated with an insecticide in the form of a perforated disk having a continuous break between the outer and inner edges.

13. The sheet according to claim 11, wherein the diameter of the hole in the perforated disk is 0.1 cm to 2 m and the diameter of the perforated disk is 10 cm to 30 m.

14. Use of the fabric according to claim 9 to 12 for the protection of living plants from harmful insects.