WO2012037561A1 - Animal feed compositions of abscisic acid - Google Patents
Animal feed compositions of abscisic acid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012037561A1 WO2012037561A1 PCT/US2011/052168 US2011052168W WO2012037561A1 WO 2012037561 A1 WO2012037561 A1 WO 2012037561A1 US 2011052168 W US2011052168 W US 2011052168W WO 2012037561 A1 WO2012037561 A1 WO 2012037561A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- feed
- aba
- livestock
- fish
- abscisic acid
- Prior art date
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- JLIDBLDQVAYHNE-YKALOCIXSA-N abscisic acid group Chemical group C\C(\C=C\[C@@]1(O)C(C)=CC(=O)CC1(C)C)=C\C(O)=O JLIDBLDQVAYHNE-YKALOCIXSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- FCRACOPGPMPSHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N desoxyabscisic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C(C)C=CC1C(C)=CC(=O)CC1(C)C FCRACOPGPMPSHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title description 18
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 37
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 33
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 27
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 26
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 21
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 9
- MVTQIFVKRXBCHS-SMMNFGSLSA-N N-[(3S,6S,12R,15S,16R,19S,22S)-3-benzyl-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide (10R,11R,12E,17E,19E,21S)-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),6,12,17,19,25(28)-hexaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H]1OC(=O)C2=CCCN2C(=O)c2coc(CC(=O)C[C@H](O)\C=C(/C)\C=C\CNC(=O)\C=C\[C@H]1C)n2.CC[C@H]1NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)c2ncccc2O)[C@@H](C)OC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]2CC(=O)CCN2C(=O)[C@H](Cc2ccccc2)N(C)C(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C1=O)c1ccccc1 MVTQIFVKRXBCHS-SMMNFGSLSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 7
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019754 Grower Diet Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000014590 basal diet Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- POMORUSPLDFVEK-PHXAWWDYSA-N (4r)-5-[[(2s,3s)-1-[[(2s)-6-amino-1-[[(2r)-5-amino-1-[[(2s,3s)-1-[[(2r)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[(2r)-1-[[(1s)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methy Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O.C1SC(C(N)C(C)CC)=NC1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 POMORUSPLDFVEK-PHXAWWDYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JLIDBLDQVAYHNE-IBPUIESWSA-N (s)-(+)-Abscisic acid Natural products OC(=O)\C=C(/C)\C=C\[C@@]1(O)C(C)=CC(=O)CC1(C)C JLIDBLDQVAYHNE-IBPUIESWSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019783 Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 amine salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 4
- 229940032022 bacitracin methylene disalicylate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 108010054309 bacitracin methylenedisalicylic acid Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002255 vaccination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000021017 Weight Gain Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010011906 Death Diseases 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000011887 Necropsy Methods 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KQXDHUJYNAXLNZ-XQSDOZFQSA-N Salinomycin Chemical compound O1[C@@H]([C@@H](CC)C(O)=O)CC[C@H](C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](CC)[C@@H]1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)[C@@]2(C=C[C@@H](O)[C@@]3(O[C@@](C)(CC3)[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@@](O)(CC)CC3)O2)O1 KQXDHUJYNAXLNZ-XQSDOZFQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004189 Salinomycin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019755 Starter Diet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019751 broiler diet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 206010006451 bronchitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000011436 cob Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003224 coccidiostatic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008504 concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021045 dietary change Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002169 ethanolamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006055 grower diet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007407 health benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036737 immune function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003044 randomized block design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960001548 salinomycin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019378 salinomycin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020354 squash Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006054 starter diet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000272517 Anseriformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000442132 Lactarius lactarius Species 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019735 Meat-and-bone meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-dimethylaminoethanol Chemical class CN(C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010034203 Pectus Carinatum Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000286209 Phasianidae Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005987 S-Abscisic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000277331 Salmonidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000276707 Tilapia Species 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical class OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004188 Virginiamycin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010080702 Virginiamycin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001464837 Viridiplantae Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003529 abscisic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001093 anti-cancer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013011 aqueous formulation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001669 bursa of fabricius Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001233037 catfish Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002257 embryonic structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000002587 enol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003754 fetus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007952 growth promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010255 intramuscular injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007927 intramuscular injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000238565 lobster Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007721 medicinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006461 physiological response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003375 plant hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003938 response to stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/50—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for rodents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/192—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to compositions comprising abscisic acid, and/or salts, and derivatives thereof, and methods of their preparation and administration for uses with livestock and in aquaculture.
- Abscisic acid is a naturally occurring plant hormone that is well known to be involved in plant response to stress. The chemistry and physiology of abscisic acid and its analogs is described by Milborrow, Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 1974, 25, 259-307. The naturally occurring enantiomeric form of abscisic acid is (S)-(+)-abscisic acid. The stereochemistry of the side chain of the major part of naturally occurring abscisic acid is 2-cis-A-trans-, since that is the isomer that is produced biosynthetically by all green plants and some microorganisms.
- Abscisic acid is a carboxylic acid, and thus in a medium having an acidic pH, it is protonated in its neutral undissociated form. This uncharged, undissociated form is more lipophilic than a salt of abscisic acid is in its dissociated form of abscisic acid that is present at higher pH (Blumenfeid and Bukovac 1972, Planta 107: 261 -268).
- abscisic acid is used in agriculture and horticulture on or around crops and plants for various purposes, such as improving stress tolerance, slowing the growth rate, adjusting flowering phase, and other purposes. Abscisic acid has also been reported to possess insect inhibition qualities.
- the present invention is generally directed to compositions comprising abscisic acid, and/or salts, and derivatives thereof (collectively referred to as "ABA” herein), of which (S)-(+)-abscisic acid is one enantiomer (hereinafter refered to as "S-ABA”), and methods of their use to maintain the health of livestock and fish comprising administering to livestock or fish a effective amount of ABA.
- ABA abscisic acid, and/or salts, and derivatives thereof
- the present invention is also directed to methods of increasing feed efficiency comprising administering to livestock or fish an effective amount of ABA.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to methods of increasing weight gain of livestock and fish comprising administering to an animal an effective amount of ABA.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to methods of decreasing the time to market of livestock and fish comprising administering to livestock or fish an effective amount of ABA.
- a different embodiment of the present invention is directed to methods of increasing the meat quantity of livestock and fish comprising administering to livestock or fish an effective amount of ABA.
- the present invention is directed to methods of increasing immunological function comprising administering to livestock or fish in need thereof an effective amount of ABA. This effect is supported by an increase in digestive tract weight, suggesting better overall animal health.
- the present invention is directed to methods for reducing or eliminating the use of antibiotics in feed comprising administering to an livestock or fish an effective amount of ABA.
- compositions of the present invention generally comprise ABA.
- Other components which enhance the biological activity of the ABA may optionally be included.
- the disclosed embodiments are simply exemplary embodiments of the inventive concepts disclosed herein and should not be considered as limiting, unless the claims expressly state otherwise.
- compositions comprising ABA, of which (S)-(+)-abscisic acid is one enantiomer, and methods of their use to treat various animal ailments, as well be used as feed for animals and animal breeders.
- ABS Benzyl alcohol
- compositions and methods of the inventions encompass all isomeric forms of the described abscisic acids, their racemic mixtures, enol forms, solvated and unsolvated forms, analogs, prodrugs, derivatives, including but not limited to esters and ethers, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts
- suitable salts include inorganic salts such as the ammonium, lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and potassium salts and organic amine salts such as the triethano!amine, dimethanoiamine and ethanolamine salts.
- the organic amine salt is the triethanolamine salt.
- the organic amine salt is the dimethylethanolamine salt.
- the organic amine salt is the ethanolamine salt.
- salts are not limiting as other salts may also be suitable for use in the present invention.
- One presently preferred salt is the ammonium salt.
- Other preferred salts are the sodium and potassium salts.
- the salts may be prepared by contacting the acid form with a sufficient amount of the desired base to produce a salt in the conventional manner.
- the free acid forms may be regenerated by treating the salt with a suitable dilute aqueous acid solution such as dilute aqueous sulfuric, hydrochloric or phosphoric acid.
- the free acid forms differ from their respective salt forms somewhat in certain physical properties, such as their solubilities in polar solvents, but the salts are equivalent to their respective free acid forms for purposes of the invention. (See, for example S. M. Berge, et al., "Pharmaceutical Salts," J. Pharm. Sci., 66: 1 -19 (1977) which is incorporated herein by reference).
- livestock and fish refer to any livestock or fish, or offspring of livestock or fish, who is receiving treatment, is in need of treatment, is taking or receiving treatment for prevention purposes, and/or is being administered the composition.
- offspring refers to progeny or descendants of livestock or fish, and includes born progeny, fetuses and embryos.
- Livestock shall include poultry, including chickens, which includes boilers and layers and male and female breeding stock, geese, duck, turkey, pheasant, cornish hens, swine, cattle, which includes beef and dairy production, sheep, and goats.
- "Fish” shall include catfish, carp, tilapia, trout, crayfish, shrimp, lobster, crab, aquatic mammals, salmon, and white fish.
- administering includes any means for introducing the ABA of the invention and other therapeutic agents, into the body, preferably into the systemic circulation.
- examples include but are not limited to oral, including feed and/or drinking water, buccal, sublingual, pulmonary, ophthalmic, transdermal, transmucosal, as well as subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intramuscular injection, transplacental transfer and lactation.
- treating and “treatment” have a commonly understood meaning of administration of a remedy to livestock or fish, or the parent of livestock or fish, who has or is suspected of having a disease or a condition, and refer to reversing, alleviating, inhibiting, or slowing the progress of the disease, disorder, or condition to which such terms apply, or one or more symptoms of such disease, disorder, or condition, or preventing or decreasing the chances of a disease, condition, disorder or outcome from occurring, or to increase effects of a specified physiological response or health benefit.
- preventing and prevention refer to prophylactic use to reduce the likelihood of a disease, disorder, or condition to which such term applies, or one or more symptoms of such disease, disorder, or condition. It is not necessary to achieve a 100% likelihood of prevention; it is sufficient to achieve at least a partial effect of reducing the risk of acquiring such disease, disorder, or condition.
- composition includes a product comprising ABA (and in the specified amounts, if indicated), including products with exogenous or up-regulated ABA, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of ABA with specified ingredients in the specified amounts.
- the term "effective amount” means an amount of a compound that, when administered to livestock or fish for treating a disease, condition or attaining a desired result, is sufficient to effect such treatment for the disease or desired result.
- the “effective amount” will vary depending on the compound, the disease state being treated or health benefit desired, the severity or the disease treated, the result desired, the age and relative health of the livestock or fish, the route and form of administration, the judgment of the attending medical or veterinary practitioner, breeder, trainer, or person attending or caring for the livestock or fish, and other factors.
- the amount of ABA that is “effective” will vary from composition to composition, depending on the particular use, the particular ABA, salts, derivatives and analogs thereof, and the like. Thus, it is not always possible to specify an exact “effective amount.” However, an appropriate “effective amount” in any individual case may be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art using routine experimentation.
- Ton refers to 2,205 pounds or 1 ,000 kg.
- Ton also known as a “short ton " , refers to 2,000 pounds or 907 kg.
- compositions of the present invention may be incorporated with compound feed, or commercial pelleted food produced in a feed mill and fed to domestic livestock and fish.
- the compositions of the present invention may be incorporated with fodder, or food given to domestic livestock including plants cut and carried to them.
- the compositions of the present invention may be incorporated with forage, or growing plants eaten by domestic livestock. It is within a skill in the art to formulate the compositions with foodstuffs for oral consumption.
- compositions of the present invention may be formulated in a liquid composition for oral consumption. It is within a skill in the art to formulate the compositions in liquid compositions for oral consumption.
- compositions of the present invention may be added to water used for livestock or fish production.
- composition of the present invention is added to an aquaculture system used to grow fish, aquatic mammals, or crustaceans.
- An embodiment of the present invention is directed to methods of reducing mortality of livestock and fish comprising administering to livestock or fish an effective amount of ABA.
- Another varying embodiment of the present invention is directed to methods of increasing weight gain of livestock and fish comprising administering to livestock and fish an effective amount of ABA.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to methods of decreasing the time to market of livestock and fish comprising administering to livestock and fish an effective amount of ABA. It is also contemplated that a different embodiment of the present invention is directed to methods of increasing the meat quantity of livestock and fish comprising administering to livestock and fish an effective amount of ABA. An embodiment of the present invention is directed to methods of increasing immunological function in livestock and fish comprising administering to livestock or fish in need thereof an effective amount of ABA.
- a preferred range of an effective amount of ABA for the various methods is from about 1 gram/MT of feed to about 2000 grams/MT of feed.
- a more preferred range of ABA is from about 5 grams/MT of feed to about 500 grams/MT of feed.
- a person having ordinary skill in the art would be able to adjust these ranges for various uses like aquaculture applications without undue experimentation.
- Animal feed for feeding poultry includes protein, fat, fiber, calcium, and phosphorous.
- a preferred feed would include corn and/or wheat, soybean meal, fat, animal by-product, meat and bone meal, and vitamins and minerals.
- premix When used in poultry feed, ABA can be initially mixed into a premix.
- premix is intended to mean a feed composition that is prepared as an initial mix containing the active ingredient and, for example, a carrier, and is then blended into the final feed.
- the premix is blended with about one metric ton (MT) of conventional feed, with the result that the necessary dosage requirements of the ABA are provided to the animals.
- MT metric ton
- the premix of the invention preferably comprises about 1 to 2000, and more preferably, about 5 to 500, grams of ABA.
- Carriers for use in a premix are well known by those having skill in the art, and appropriate concentrations can be readily determined.
- the ABA may be added to the carrier as a dry powder or as a liquid solution or suspension .
- the ABA When added as a liquid, the ABA may be dissolved or suspended in a liquid with stirring at room temperature.
- a liquid may be water or a suitable solvent or another product used for animal feed that is already in liquid form. Because of ABA's liquid solubility characteristics, it may form a suspension.
- a predetermined amount of ABA is then added to the conventional premix, and will not overly wet it. Once the premix is prepared, the premix is then added to the final feed, preferably at a rate in the range of one quarter of a pound (lb.) to five pounds (lbs.) of premix to one metric ton (MT) of feed, to supply daily requirements of the ABA for the poultry.
- the ABA solid or solution or liquid suspension can be added directly to the premix material, and then mixed.
- Mixing can be accomplished by any known means, such as by a standard horizontal or vertical blender. Mixing time will again vary depending upon the particular ingredients of the premix, and can take as long as is necessary to assure that the ingredients are thoroughly mixed.
- the premix is then incorporated into the feed to be fed to the poultry.
- ABA is blended with the carrier to form the premix, and the premix is directly blended into the final feed. While there is no evidence that use of the higher amounts would cause any toxicity problems in treated poultry, it will affect cost considerations. Because the premix generally will be added to one-ton charges of feed (as is common in the industry), the correspondence between one gram of ABA added to the premix yields about 1 ppm concentration of ABA in the feed. Thus, 5 grams of ABA added to one pound of premix, which in turn is added to one metric ton (MT) of feed, yields about a 5 ppm effective ABA concentration.
- MT metric ton
- ABA can be mixed with a premix material prior to incorporation into the finished feed
- the appropriate amount of ABA may be directly blended into or sprayed upon the feed.
- the preferred additive range of ABA in finished feed, whether added directly or via a premix, is about 1 to 2000 grams per metric ton (MT) of feed; more preferably about 5 to 500 grams per metric ton (MT) of feed.
- Feed is conventionally prepared in a large bin or mixer in which the feed ingredients are added in descending weight order according to their prevalence in the ultimate feed mixture. Thus, cracked or ground grain would be the primary ingredient. Minor ingredients are then added. Micro-ingredients are added last. These include vitamins, drugs, growth promoters, antibiotics, and, in the present case, ABA. Thus, ABA can be one of the micro-ingredients and is added to the feed in the final blending step. The feed is blended for conventional time periods.
- the feed comprising the ABA is fed to livestock and fish in standard form, such as a mash, crumble or pellet, and at standard feed dosage ranges and rates.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is liquid compositions that can be prepared as either ready-to-use dilutions or dilutable concentrates.
- the embodiment of the present invention can be a solution containing from 0.5% to as much as 50% by weight of ABA.
- the dilutable concentrates can be diluted into water directly to a final application concentration or to any intermediate dilution, without risk of precipitation of the active ingredient.
- the aqueous formulations according to one embodiment of the present invention are inexpensive to manufacture, safe to handle and use, and the ABA active ingredient is stable under storage and shipping conditions.
- a person having ordinary skill in the art would be able to determine how to prepare the final aqueous solution concentration for direct application to animals without undue experimentation, without any chance of causing precipitation of the active ingredient, and without long and laborious stirring to bring the active ingredient into solution.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is an ABA water solution that serves as a drinking source of water for the livestock and fish.
- Such supplemented water solution could be prepared by dissolving dry powder ABA in drinking water or by using a liquid solution or suspension concentrate of ABA.
- the preferred additive range of ABA in drinking water is about 1 to 2000 parts per million (ppm) or about 1 to 2000 milligrams of ABA per liter of water; more preferably about 5 to 500 parts per million (ppm) or about 5 to 500 milligrams of ABA per liter of water.
- a person having ordinary skill in the art would be able to determine how to prepare the final aqueous solution for direct application to livestock and fish without undue experimentation, without any chance of causing precipitation of the active ingredient, and without long and laborious stirring to bring the active ingredient into solution.
- ABA can be applied directly onto animal feed once it has been prepared.
- the ABA can be applied directly to the finished feed.
- an aqueous solution of ABA is sprayed onto the finished feed in its final form, such as a pellet, prior to delivering the feed to the livestock and fish.
- EXAMPLE 1 Male Cobb 500 chickens were fed different levels of S-ABA supplemented into starter, grower, and finisher feed diets for their entire 42 day commercial life cycle. On day 43, samples of chickens (sometimes referred to as "birds") from each treatment were processed.
- the starter, grower, and finisher basal diets represented standard commerical broiler diets.
- the starter and grower diets contained Salinomycin (a coccidiostat) at 40 grams/ton.
- the basal diets and final treatment diets were prepared using a 500 or 4,000 pound capacity vertical mixer or a 14,000 pound capacity horizontal mixer. After correcting for percent purity of S-ABA in the S-ABA dry powder, S-ABA was added to the basal diets at concentrations of 5, 50, or 500 ppm (4.6, 46, or 455 grams of S- ABA/ton).
- Control treatments included (1 ) commercial diet only and (2) commercial diet supplemented with antibiotics (bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD), and STAFAC® virginiamycin (hereinafter "Stafac”). STAFAC is a registered trademark of Phibro Animal Health Corporation). All feed diets were pelleted at ⁇ 65°C or below.
- BMD Bacitracin methylene disalicylate
- STAFAC STAFAC® virginiamycin
- a 90-pen test facility was divided into 10 blocks containing 9 pens per block. Treatments were assigned to the pens using a complete randomized block design. Birds were assigned to the pens randomly. Specific treatment groups were as follows:
- Water was provided ad libitum throughout the study via one automatic four-nipple drinker in each pen. Drinkers were checked twice daily to assure a constant and clean water supply to the birds.
- Feed was provided ad libitum throughout the study via one handing, ⁇ 17-inch diameter tube feeder per pen. Chick feeder trays were placed in each pen for approximately the first 4 days. Feed added and removed from pens was weighed and recorded from day 0 to day 42. Diet changes were conducted at the same time for all pens. The feeding period for each diet was as shown below:
- Birds were weighed by pen at 0, 7, 14, 21 , 28, 35, and 42 days of age. The feed remaining in each pen was weighed and recorded on study day 0, 7, 14, 21 , 28, 35, and 42 days of age. The feed intake during days 0-7, 0-14, 0-21 , 0-28. 0-35, and 0-42 was calculated.
- Performance data was summarized by average weight per bird at each body weights measurement period.
- the average feed conversion was calculated for each respective body weight period using the total feed consumption in a pen divided by the total weight of surviving birds (i.e. days 0-7, 0-14, 0-21 , etc.). Adjusted feed conversion was calculated using the total feed consumption in a pen divided by the total weight of surviving birds and weight of birds that died or were removed from that pen.
- TABLE 2 shows that 5 ppm S-ABA added to commercial feed increased bird growth (weights) compared to the commercial feed diet (control 1 ). The addition of 5 ppm S- ABA to the commercial feed diet also reduced feed conversion ratios by 1 -4 points. Feed conversion ratios that were corrected for the number of surviving birds (i.e., adjusted feed conversion ratios) were lower by 1 -2 points.
- TABLE 3 shows that S ABA in the feed diet increases the weight of digestive tracts compared to the commercial feed diets (control 1 and control 2).
- Increased digestive tract weights may be directly related to better overall health. Further, data in TABLE 3 suggest that S-ABA may also reduce or eliminate the need for antibiotics in feed.
- TABLE 4 shows the economic benefit of improved health and growth of broiler chickens and increased feeding efficiency resulting from the addition of S-ABA into commercial feed.
- the starter, grower, and finisher basal diets represented standard commercial broiler diets.
- the starter and grower diets contained Salinomycin (a coccidiostat) at 40 grams/ton.
- the basal diets and final treatment diets were prepared using a 500 or 4,000 pound capacity vertical mixer or a 14,000 pound capacity horizontal mixer. After correcting for percent purity of S-ABA in the S-ABA dry powder, S-ABA was added to the basal diets at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, or 7.5 ppm (2.3, 4.6, or 6.8 grams of S- ABA/ton).
- Control treatments included (1 ) commercial diet only and (2) commercial diet supplemented with antibiotics (bacitracin methylene disalicylate and Stafac). All feed diets were pelleted at ⁇ 65°C or below.
- a 108-pen test facility was divided into 18 blocks containing 6 pens per block. Treatments were assigned to the pens using a complete randomized block design. Birds were assigned to the pens randomly. Specific treatment groups were as follows:
- Birds were vaccinated for Mareks at the hatchery. Birds were vaccinated upon receipt for the study (day 0) for Newcastle and Infectious Bronchitis via spray cabinet. No other vaccinations or treatments, except what is provided in the diets were administered during the study.
- Feed was provided ad libitum throughout the study via one handing, ⁇ 17-inch diameter tube feeder per pen. Chick feeder trays were placed in each pen for approximately the first 4 days. Feed added and removed from pens was weighed and recorded from day 0 to day 42. Diet changes were conducted at the same time for all pens. The feeding period for each diet was as shown below:
- Birds were weighed by pen at 0, 7, 14, 21 , 28, 35, and 42 days of age. The feed remaining in each pen was weighed and recorded on study day 0, 7, 14, 21 , 28, 35, and 42 days of age. The feed intake during days 0-7, 0-14, 0-21 , 0-28, 0-35, and 0-42 was calculated.
- Performance data was summarized by average weight per bird at each body weights measurement period.
- the average feed conversion was calculated for each respective body weight period using the total feed consumption in a pen divided by the total weight of surviving birds (i.e. days 0-7, 0-14, 0-21 , etc.). Adjusted feed conversion was calculated using the total feed consumption in a pen divided by the total weight of surviving birds and weight of birds that died or were removed from that pen.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (7)
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CN201180044938.8A CN103179964B (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2011-09-19 | The animal feed composition of abscisic acid |
BR112013005914-1A BR112013005914B1 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2011-09-19 | METHODS FOR INCREASING THE WEIGHT GAIN OF FARMING ANIMALS OR FISH, TO DECREASE THE TIME TO COMMERCIALIZE FARMING ANIMALS OR FISH, AND, TO INCREASING THE AMOUNT OF FARMING OF FARMING ANIMALS OR FISH |
MX2013002947A MX2013002947A (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2011-09-19 | Animal feed compositions of abscisic acid. |
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EP11826086.8A EP2616058B1 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2011-09-19 | Animal feed compositions of abscisic acid |
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WO2022131287A1 (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-23 | 住友化学株式会社 | Livestock feed |
WO2022131288A1 (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-23 | 住友化学株式会社 | Abscisic acid-mixed pig feed |
WO2022176903A1 (en) | 2021-02-17 | 2022-08-25 | 住友化学株式会社 | Livestock feed |
WO2022176902A1 (en) | 2021-02-17 | 2022-08-25 | 住友化学株式会社 | Livestock feed |
WO2022176904A1 (en) | 2021-02-17 | 2022-08-25 | 住友化学株式会社 | Livestock feed |
WO2022215655A1 (en) | 2021-04-07 | 2022-10-13 | 住友化学株式会社 | Livestock feed |
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US20080242635A1 (en) * | 2005-04-21 | 2008-10-02 | Elshout Van Den Wilhelmus Hube | Method for Lengthening the Seasonal Mobility Period of Fish |
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Cited By (9)
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WO2022131287A1 (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-23 | 住友化学株式会社 | Livestock feed |
WO2022131288A1 (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-23 | 住友化学株式会社 | Abscisic acid-mixed pig feed |
KR20230121099A (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2023-08-17 | 스미또모 가가꾸 가부시키가이샤 | Pig feed containing abscisic acid |
WO2022176903A1 (en) | 2021-02-17 | 2022-08-25 | 住友化学株式会社 | Livestock feed |
WO2022176902A1 (en) | 2021-02-17 | 2022-08-25 | 住友化学株式会社 | Livestock feed |
WO2022176904A1 (en) | 2021-02-17 | 2022-08-25 | 住友化学株式会社 | Livestock feed |
KR20230143615A (en) | 2021-02-17 | 2023-10-12 | 스미또모 가가꾸 가부시키가이샤 | feed for livestock |
WO2022215655A1 (en) | 2021-04-07 | 2022-10-13 | 住友化学株式会社 | Livestock feed |
KR20230167039A (en) | 2021-04-07 | 2023-12-07 | 스미또모 가가꾸 가부시키가이샤 | feed for livestock |
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