WO2012031496A1 - 一种行驶驱动装置及平地机 - Google Patents

一种行驶驱动装置及平地机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012031496A1
WO2012031496A1 PCT/CN2011/076097 CN2011076097W WO2012031496A1 WO 2012031496 A1 WO2012031496 A1 WO 2012031496A1 CN 2011076097 W CN2011076097 W CN 2011076097W WO 2012031496 A1 WO2012031496 A1 WO 2012031496A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shaft
reduction mechanism
balance box
power output
power input
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PCT/CN2011/076097
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
易小刚
林涛
李建科
Original Assignee
湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司
三一重工股份有限公司
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Application filed by 湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司, 三一重工股份有限公司 filed Critical 湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司
Publication of WO2012031496A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012031496A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2253—Controlling the travelling speed of vehicles, e.g. adjusting travelling speed according to implement loads, control of hydrostatic transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/36—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving tandem wheels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/76—Graders, bulldozers, or the like with scraper plates or ploughshare-like elements; Levelling scarifying devices
    • E02F3/80—Component parts
    • E02F3/84—Drives or control devices therefor, e.g. hydraulic drive systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/202—Mechanical transmission, e.g. clutches, gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/40—Special vehicles
    • B60Y2200/41—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
    • B60Y2200/411—Bulldozers, Graders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of engineering machinery, and in particular to a driving drive device.
  • the invention also relates to a grader having the above-described travel drive.
  • the grader is a construction machine mainly based on a blade and equipped with a variety of other exchangeable devices for land leveling and shaping. It is mainly used for large-scale leveling operations such as roads, airports, farmland water conservancy, as well as scraping and digging. Ditching, bulldozing, loosening, clearing roads, ice and snow, etc. are important equipments in the construction of national defense engineering, transportation, mining and water conservancy.
  • the driving devices of the grader mainly include mechanical transmission, hydraulic mechanical transmission, and hydrostatic transmission. The following three cases are introduced separately.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power transmission path of a mechanical transmission in the prior art.
  • the driving device of the grader includes an engine, a mechanical gearbox, a transmission shaft, a drive axle and a balance box assembly, a drive wheel, and the power output of the engine is transmitted through a mechanical gearbox, a drive shaft, a drive axle and The balance box assembly is delivered to the drive wheels.
  • the driving device of this structure has high transmission efficiency, but cannot achieve stepless speed change, and the load adaptability is poor.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the power transmission route of the hydraulic mechanical transmission in the prior art.
  • the driving device includes an engine, a torque converter, a mechanical gearbox, a transmission shaft, a drive axle and a balance box assembly, and a drive wheel.
  • the driving of the structure is as shown in FIG.
  • the device is provided with a torque converter between the engine and the mechanical gearbox.
  • the driving device of this structure has a certain load adaptability, but the high efficiency region is narrow, and the stepless shifting cannot be realized.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power transmission path of a hydrostatic transmission in the prior art.
  • a travel drive device includes an engine, a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic motor, a deceleration balance box, and a drive wheel.
  • the engine drives the hydraulic pump, and the hydraulic pump provides high pressure hydraulic pressure to the hydraulic motor
  • the oil, the high-pressure hydraulic oil drives the hydraulic motor to rotate, and the rotation of the hydraulic motor drives the driving wheel through the deceleration balance box.
  • the driving device of this structure can realize stepless speed change by hydrostatic transmission, has strong load self-adaptive ability, and can operate the cylinder, but the speed regulation range cannot meet the requirements of the working speed range of the grader, that is, the speed adjustment range is small.
  • the driving performance of the driving wheels on the left and right sides is poor, and the transmission efficiency is low under high-speed driving conditions.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a travel drive device which can realize stepless speed change within a certain range, has a certain load self-adaptive ability, operates a cylinder, has a large speed range, and has left and right sides. The synchronization performance of the drive wheel is good.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a grader having the above-described travel drive.
  • the present invention provides a travel drive device including an engine, a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic motor, and a drive wheel, and further comprising a shift bridge balance box total connection, the shift bridge balance box total The power output end is connected to the drive wheel.
  • the shift axle balance box assembly comprises a power input shaft, a clutch device, a first transmission shaft, a differential, a half shaft, a speed reduction mechanism, a balance box, and the power input shaft transmits power through the gear and the clutch device.
  • a power output end of the clutch device is coupled to the first transmission shaft through a gear, and the first transmission shaft passes through a power input of the gear and the differential
  • the speed reduction mechanism is a planetary speed reduction mechanism.
  • the speed reduction mechanism is a spur gear reduction mechanism.
  • a parking brake is mounted on the first transmission shaft.
  • the balance box includes a chain, a wheel axle and a sprocket shaft, the sprocket shaft is connected to a power output end of the speed reduction mechanism, and the chain is respectively connected to the wheel axle and the sprocket shaft.
  • the wheel axle connects the hub of the drive wheel.
  • the differential is a mechanical differential.
  • the driving driving device provided by the invention comprises an engine, a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic motor, a shifting bridge balancing box assembly and a driving wheel, and the power output end of the engine is connected with the power input end of the hydraulic pump, the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor The oil inlet is connected, and the power output end of the hydraulic motor is connected to the power input end of the shift bridge balance box assembly, and the power output end of the shift bridge balance box assembly is connected to the drive wheel.
  • the driving device of this structure drives the hydraulic pump to work, converts the mechanical energy into hydraulic energy, the hydraulic pump drives the hydraulic motor to rotate, converts the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and transmits it to the shifting bridge balance box assembly, and the shifting bridge balance box assembly pair
  • the input mechanical energy is transmitted to the driving wheel after the speed is increased and the torque is increased.
  • the stepless adjustment of the displacement of the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor can realize the stepless speed regulation of the driving drive device; when the external load is large, the displacement of the hydraulic motor is automatically increased, or the speed reduction mechanism in the shifting bridge balance box assembly is increased.
  • the reduction ratio increase the output torque, reduce the vehicle speed; when the load is small, automatically reduce the displacement of the hydraulic motor and/or reduce the reduction ratio of the speed reduction mechanism in the shift axle balance box assembly to increase the speed, Give full play to the engine power, realize the adaptive function of the external load, make the output power of the engine and the external load reasonably match, improve the working efficiency of the transmission system, reduce the labor intensity of the operator; change the gear position of the speed reduction mechanism in the shift axle balance box assembly , that is, changing the reduction ratio of the speed reduction mechanism can realize the high and low speed switching of the driving drive device, and expand the speed adjustment range of the driving drive device; the differential gear in the shift axle balance box assembly can realize the differential driving and the straight traveling when cornering Synchronous operation at the time, the synchronization performance of the
  • the shift axle balance box assembly includes a power input shaft, a clutch device, a first transmission shaft, a differential, a half shaft, a speed reduction mechanism, and a balance box, and the power input shaft passes through the gear and the clutch device.
  • a power input end is connected, a power output end of the clutch device is coupled to the first transmission shaft through a gear, and the first transmission shaft passes through the gear and the differential
  • the power output is connected to the drive wheel.
  • the driving device of the structure integrates the speed reducing mechanism, the transmission shaft, the differential, the rear axle and the balance box, and forms a shifting bridge balance box assembly, which reduces the transmission component and improves the transmission efficiency of the transmission system.
  • the space in the transmission system is reduced, making the transmission more compact and less expensive.
  • the present invention provides a grader comprising the above-described travel drive device. Since the above-described travel drive device has the above-described technical effects, the grader having the travel drive device should also have The corresponding technical effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power transmission path of a mechanical transmission in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power transmission route of a hydraulic mechanical transmission in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power transmission route of a hydrostatic transmission in the prior art
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a specific embodiment of a travel drive device according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a structural schematic view of a specific structure of the shifting bridge balancer assembly of Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 is a structural schematic view of another specific structure of the shifting bridge balancer assembly of Figure 4; wherein, Figures 1 - 6 Medium:
  • Engine 1 hydraulic pump 2, hydraulic motor 3, shift axle balancer assembly 4, drive wheel 5; power input shaft 41, low gear clutch 42, high clutch 43, clutch drive shaft 44, first drive shaft 45, differential Speedometer 46, half shaft 47, speed reduction mechanism 48, sprocket shaft 49, chain 410, wheel axle 411, parking brake 412, hub 51;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a specific implementation manner of a travel drive device according to the present invention.
  • the driving driving device includes an engine 1, a hydraulic pump 2, Hydraulic motor 3, shift axle balance box assembly 4 and drive wheel 5.
  • the power output end of the engine 1 is connected to the power input end of the hydraulic pump 2.
  • the power output end of the engine 1 can be directly connected to the power input end of the hydraulic pump 2, or can be powered by the power supply of the coupling and the hydraulic pump 2.
  • the oil connection of the hydraulic pump 2 is connected with the oil inlet of the hydraulic motor 3, and the power output end of the hydraulic motor 3 is connected with the power input end of the shifting bridge balancing box assembly 4, and the power of the shifting bridge balancing box assembly 4
  • the output end is connected with the driving wheel 5; wherein the shifting bridge balance box is integrated with the speed reducing mechanism, the transmission shaft, the differential, the rear axle and the balance box.
  • the engine 1 drives the hydraulic pump 2 to convert the mechanical energy into hydraulic energy
  • the hydraulic pump 2 drives the hydraulic motor 3 to rotate, converting the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy to be transmitted to the shifting bridge balancer assembly 4, the shifting bridge
  • the balance box assembly 4 reduces the torque of the input mechanical energy and transmits the power to the drive wheel 5 to drive it.
  • the stepless adjustment of the displacement of the hydraulic pump 2 and the hydraulic motor 3 enables stepless speed regulation of the travel drive, matching the working range of the hydraulic pump 2 and the hydraulic motor 3 in the high efficiency zone, so that the grader remains high in the vehicle speed range. Transmission efficiency.
  • Changing the gear position of the speed reduction mechanism of the shift axle balance box assembly 4, that is, changing the speed reduction ratio of the speed reduction mechanism can realize the switching between the high and low speeds of the driving drive device, and the speed adjustment range of the driving drive device is expanded; the shifting bridge balance box assembly 4
  • the differential in the middle can realize the differential running during cornering and the synchronous operation during straight running, so that the left and right driving wheels 5 have better synchronization performance.
  • the shift axle balancing box assembly 4 includes a power input shaft 41, a clutch device, a first transmission shaft 45, a differential 46, a half shaft 47, a speed reduction mechanism 48, a balance box, and power.
  • the input shaft 41 is coupled to the power input end of the clutch device via a gear
  • the power output end of the clutch device is coupled to the first transmission shaft 45 via a gear
  • the first transmission shaft 45 passes through the gear
  • the power input end of the differential 46 is connected to the power input end of the speed reduction mechanism 48
  • the power output end of the speed reduction mechanism 48 is connected to the power input end of the balance box.
  • the power output end of the balance box is connected to the drive wheel 5.
  • the clutch device includes a low speed clutch 42, a high clutch 43 and a clutch drive shaft 44.
  • the hydraulic motor 3 transmits power to the power input shaft 41.
  • the power input shaft 41 transmits power to the low speed clutch 42 or the high speed clutch 43 through the gear.
  • the driving drive device When neither of the clutches is combined, the driving drive device is in a neutral state.
  • a clutch When a clutch is engaged, the power is transmitted from the gear transmission shaft 44 to the first transmission shaft 45 and the differential 46 via the gear transmission shaft 44.
  • the differential 46 transmits the power to the speed reduction mechanism 48 and the balance box through the left and right half shafts 47, respectively.
  • Drive wheel 5 The hydraulic motor 3 transmits power to the power input shaft 41.
  • the power input shaft 41 transmits power to the low speed clutch 42 or the high speed clutch 43 through the gear.
  • the driving device of the structure integrates the speed reducing mechanism 48, the transmission shaft, the differential 46, the rear axle and the balance box, and forms the shifting bridge balance box assembly 4, which reduces the transmission components and improves the transmission of the transmission system.
  • the efficiency greatly reduces the space of the transmission system, making the transmission mechanism more compact and costly.
  • the balance box includes a sprocket shaft 49, a chain 410, and a wheel axle 411.
  • the sprocket shaft 49 is coupled to the power output end of the speed reduction mechanism 48.
  • the chain 410 is coupled to the sprocket shaft 49 and the wheel axle 411, respectively.
  • the wheel axle 411 is coupled to the drive wheel.
  • the drive shaft 5 and the power output from the speed reduction mechanism 48 are transmitted to the hub 51 of the drive wheel 5 via the sprocket shaft 49, the chain 410, and the wheel shaft 411. Under the action of the power, the drive wheel 5 will be rotated to realize the drive wheel 5. The normal work.
  • the speed reduction mechanism 48 is a planetary speed reduction mechanism, and the planetary speed reduction mechanism has the advantages of large deceleration and compact structure, which can increase the speed adjustment range of the driving device and reduce the space occupied by the transmission system.
  • the differential 46 is a mechanical differential.
  • the differential 46 can be a No-spin differential, and the No-spin differential has good anti-slip performance and can be realized.
  • the differential driving during cornering and the synchronous operation during straight driving can effectively prevent the flat machine from slipping on one side during construction.
  • a parking brake 412 is mounted on the first drive shaft 45.
  • the hydraulic system composed of the hydraulic pump 2 and the hydraulic motor 3 may be an open hydraulic system or a closed hydraulic system. If an open hydraulic system is used, the hydraulic pump 2 and the hydraulic pressure A reversing device is disposed on the oil passage between the motors 3, and the reversing device may specifically be a reversing valve having a reversing function to control the forward and reverse running of the grader; if a closed hydraulic system is used, the inclination of the hydraulic pump 2 is changed In the direction of the disk, the switching of the forward and reverse of the grader can be realized.
  • the number of the hydraulic motors 3 is one. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited thereto, and the number of the hydraulic motors may be two or more, which are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the clutch device includes two positions of the low-speed clutch and the high-speed clutch.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the clutch device may include a plurality of gear positions, which is not limited by the present invention.
  • the speed reduction mechanism is a planetary speed reduction mechanism
  • the driving driving device provided by the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the transmission gear may be a straight tooth or a helical tooth, and the number of the speed reduction stages may be arbitrarily set according to requirements, and the transmission form may be
  • the gear transmission can also be a chain transmission. Any speed reduction mechanism with a deceleration function should be within the protection scope of the present invention, such as a spur gear reduction mechanism.
  • the following embodiment is generally an example of a transmission bridge balance box having a spur gear reduction mechanism. The travel drive device provided by the present invention will be described.
  • FIG. 6 is a structural schematic view showing another specific structure of the shift bridge balance box assembly of FIG. 4.
  • the shift axle balance box assembly includes a power input shaft 4 ⁇ , a clutch device, a first transmission shaft 45, a differential 48, a half shaft 410, a spur gear reduction mechanism 49, and a balance box.
  • the power input shaft 41 is connected to the power input end of the clutch device through a gear.
  • the power output end of the clutch device is connected to the first transmission shaft 45 through a gear.
  • the first transmission shaft 45 is provided with a parking brake 46'.
  • a transmission shaft 45 is coupled to the power input end of the differential 48 via a gear
  • the power output end of the differential 48' is coupled to the power input end of the spur gear reduction mechanism 49' via the second transmission shaft 47'.
  • the power output end of the spur gear reduction mechanism 49' is connected to the power input end of the balance box, and the power output end of the balance box is connected to the drive wheel.
  • the clutch device described above specifically includes a low-speed clutch 42, a high-speed clutch 43, and a clutch transmission shaft 44'.
  • the present invention also provides a grader comprising the above-described travel drive device. Since the above-described travel drive device has the above-described technical effects, the flat drive having the travel drive device The machine should also have corresponding technical effects, and will not be described in detail here.
  • the above description is only a description of a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it should be noted that due to the finiteness of the literal expression, there is an infinite specific structure objectively, and those skilled in the art can not deviate from the principle of the present invention. A number of improvements and retouchings may also be made, and such improvements and refinements are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.

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Description

一种行驶驱动装置及平地机 本申请要求于 2010 年 09 月 07 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201010276980.X, 发明名称为"一种行驶驱动装置及平地机"的中国专利申 请的优先权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及工程机械技术领域， 尤其涉及一种行驶驱动装置。 本发明 还涉及一种具有上述行驶驱动装置的平地机。
背景技术
平地机是一种以铲刀为主、 配以其它多种可换作业装置、 进行土地平 整和整形的工程机械， 其主要用于道路、 机场、 农田水利等大面积平整作 业以及刮坡、 挖沟、 推土、 松土、 清除路面冰雪等方面的施工作业， 是国 防工程、 交通、 矿山、 水利基本建设施工中的重要设备。
目前， 平地机的行驶驱动装置主要有机械传动、 液力机械传动、 静液 压传动三种情况， 以下对这三种情况分别进行介绍。
请参看图 1 , 图 1为现有技术中机械传动的动力传递路线示意图。 如图 1所示， 平地机的这种行驶驱动装置包括发动机、 机械变速箱、 传动轴、 驱动桥及平衡箱总成、 驱动轮， 发动机输出的动力经机械变速箱、 传动轴、 驱动桥及平衡箱总成传递至驱动轮。
这种结构的行驶驱动装置， 传动效率高， 但不能实现无级变速， 载荷 自适应能力较差。
请参看图 2, 图 2为现有技术中液力机械传动的动力传递路线示意图。 如图 2所示， 这种行驶驱动装置包括发动机、 液力变矩器、 机械变速 箱、 传动轴、 驱动桥及平衡箱总成、 驱动轮， 与机械传动相比， 这种结构 的行驶驱动装置在发动机与机械变速箱之间设有液力变矩器。 这种结构的 行驶驱动装置具有一定的载荷自适应能力， 但高效区窄， 且不能实现无级 变速。
请参看图 3 , 图 3为现有技术中静液压传动的动力传递路线示意图。 如图 3所示， 这种行驶驱动装置包括发动机、 液压泵、 液压马达、 减 速平衡箱、 驱动轮。 发动机驱动液压泵， 液压泵向液压马达提供高压液压 油， 高压液压油驱动液压马达旋转， 液压马达的旋转通过减速平衡箱带动 驱动轮工作。 这种结构的行驶驱动装置， 静液压传动可实现无级变速， 具 有较强的载荷自适应能力， 操作筒便， 但调速范围不能满足平地机作业速 度范围要求， 即调速范围较小， 且左右两侧的驱动轮同步作业性能较差， 在高速行驶工况下传动效率较低。
因此， 如何研发出一种可以实现无级变速、 具有一定的载荷自适应能 力、 调速范围较大， 操作筒便、 左右两侧驱动轮的同步性能好且效率较高 的行驶驱动装置， 成为本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术难题。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种行驶驱动装置， 该行驶驱动装置可以 实现一定范围内的无级变速、 具有一定的载荷自适应能力、 操作筒便， 调 速范围较大且左右两侧驱动轮的同步性能好。 本发明的另一个目的是提供 一种具有上述行驶驱动装置的平地机。
为了实现上述第一个目的， 本发明提供了一种行驶驱动装置， 包括发 动机、 液压泵、 液压马达、 驱动轮， 其特征在于， 还包括变速桥平衡箱总 连， 所述变速桥平衡箱总成的动力输出端与所述驱动轮相连。
优选的， 所述变速桥平衡箱总成包括动力输入轴、 离合器装置、 第一 传动轴、 差速器、 半轴、 减速机构、 平衡箱， 所述动力输入轴通过齿轮与 离合器装置的动力输入端连接， 所述离合器装置的动力输出端通过齿轮与 所述第一传动轴连接， 所述第一传动轴通过齿轮与所述差速器的动力输入
Figure imgf000004_0001
优选的， 所述减速机构为行星减速机构。
优选的， 所述减速机构为直齿轮减速机构。
优选的， 所述第一传动轴上安装有停车制动器。
优选的， 所述平衡箱包括链条、 车轮轴及链轮轴， 所述链轮轴连接所 述减速机构的动力输出端， 所述链条分别连接所述车轮轴、 所述链轮轴， 所述车轮轴连接所述驱动轮的轮毂。
优选的， 所述差速器为机械差速器。 本发明提供的行驶驱动装置包括发动机、 液压泵、 液压马达、 变速桥 平衡箱总成及驱动轮， 发动机的动力输出端与液压泵的动力输入端相连， 液压泵的出油口与液压马达的进油口连通， 液压马达的动力输出端与变速 桥平衡箱总成的动力输入端相连， 变速桥平衡箱总成的动力输出端与驱动 轮相连。
这种结构的行驶驱动装置， 发动机驱动液压泵工作， 将机械能转变为 液压能， 液压泵驱动液压马达旋转， 将液压能转变为机械能传递给变速桥 平衡箱总成， 变速桥平衡箱总成对输入的机械能进行降速增扭后将动力传 递给驱动轮行驶。
无级调节液压泵和液压马达的排量可以实现行驶驱动装置的无级调 速； 当外负载较大时， 自动调大液压马达的排量， 或增加变速桥平衡箱总 成中的减速机构的减速比， 提高其输出扭矩， 降低车速； 当为负载较小时， 则自动调小液压马达的排量和（或）减小变速桥平衡箱总成中的减速机构 的减速比， 提高车速， 充分发挥发动机功率， 实现对外负载的自适应功能， 使发动机的输出功率与外负载合理匹配， 提高传动系统的工作效率， 减轻 操作者劳动强度； 改变变速桥平衡箱总成中减速机构的档位， 即改变减速 机构的减速比可实现行驶驱动装置的高低速的切换， 扩大行驶驱动装置的 调速范围； 变速桥平衡箱总成中的差速器可实现转弯时的差速行驶及直线 行驶时的同步作业， 左右两侧驱动轮的同步性能较好。
优选的方案中，所述变速桥平衡箱总成包括动力输入轴、 离合器装置、 第一传动轴、 差速器、 半轴、 减速机构、 平衡箱， 所述动力输入轴通过齿 轮与离合器装置的动力输入端连接， 所述离合器装置的动力输出端与通过 齿轮与所述第一传动轴连接， 所述第一传动轴通过齿轮与所述差速器的动
的动力输出端与驱动轮连接。 这种结构的行驶驱动装置， 将减速机构、 传动轴、 差速器、 后桥、 平 衡箱集成于一体， 形成变速桥平衡箱总成， 减少了传动元件， 提高了传动 系统的传动效率， 大大缩小了传动系统的空间， 使得传动机构更加紧凑， 成本更低。
为了实现上述第二个目的， 本发明提供了一种平地机， 该平地机包括 上述的行驶驱动装置， 由于上述的行驶驱动装置具有上述的技术效果， 具 有该行驶驱动装置的平地机也应具有相应的技术效果。
附图说明
图 1为现有技术中机械传动的动力传递路线示意图；
图 2为现有技术中液力机械传动的动力传递路线示意图；
图 3为现有技术中静液压传动的动力传递路线示意图；
图 4为本发明所提供的行驶驱动装置的一种具体实施方式的结构示意 图；
图 5为图 4中变速桥平衡箱总成的一种具体结构的结构示意图； 图 6为图 4中变速桥平衡箱总成的另一种具体结构的结构示意图； 其中， 图 1-图 6中：
发动机 1、 液压泵 2、 液压马达 3、 变速桥平衡箱总成 4、 驱动轮 5; 动力输入轴 41、 低速档离合器 42、 高速档离合器 43、 离合器传动轴 44、 第一传动轴 45、 差速器 46、 半轴 47、 减速机构 48、 链轮轴 49、 链条 410、 车轮轴 411、 停车制动器 412、 轮毂 51 ;
动力输入轴 41'、 低速档离合器 42'、 高速档离合器 43'、 离合器传动 轴 44，、 第一传动轴 45，、 停车制动器 46，、 第二传动轴 47，、 差速器 48，、 直齿轮减速机构 49'、 半轴 410'。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域的技术人员更好的理解本发明的技术方案， 下面结合附 图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
请参看图 4, 图 4为本发明所提供的行驶驱动装置的一种具体实施方 式的结构示意图。
如图 4所示， 本发明提供的行驶驱动装置， 包括发动机 1、 液压泵 2、 液压马达 3、变速桥平衡箱总成 4及驱动轮 5。发动机 1的动力输出端与液 压泵 2的动力输入端相连， 具体地， 发动机 1的动力输出端可直接与液压 泵 2的动力输入端连接， 也可通过联轴器与液压泵 2的动力输入端连接； 液压泵 2的出油口与液压马达 3的进油口连通， 液压马达 3的动力输出端 与变速桥平衡箱总成 4的动力输入端相连， 变速桥平衡箱总成 4的动力输 出端与驱动轮 5相连； 其中变速桥平衡箱集减速机构、 传动轴、 差速器、 后桥、 平衡箱于一体。
这种结构的行驶驱动装置， 发动机 1驱动液压泵 2工作， 将机械能转 变为液压能， 液压泵 2驱动液压马达 3旋转， 将液压能转变为机械能传递 给变速桥平衡箱总成 4, 变速桥平衡箱总成 4对输入的机械能进行降速增 扭后将动力传递给驱动轮 5驱动其行驶。
无级调节液压泵 2和液压马达 3的排量可以实现行驶驱动装置的无级 调速， 将液压泵 2和液压马达 3的工作范围匹配在高效区， 使得平地机在 车速范围内保持较高的传动效率。
当外负载较大时， 自动调大液压马达 3的排量， 或增加变速桥平衡箱 总成 4中的减速机构的减速比， 提高其输出扭矩， 降低车速； 当外负载较 小时， 则自动调小液压马达 3的排量和减小变速桥平衡箱总成 4中的减速 机构的减速比， 提高车速， 充分发挥发动机 1的功率， 实现对外负载的自 适应功能， 使发动机 1的输出功率与外负载合理匹配， 提高传动系统的工 作效率， 避免驾驶员根据外负载变化需频繁更换档位， 减轻了驾驶员的劳 动强度， 提高了作业效率。
改变变速桥平衡箱总成 4中减速机构的档位， 即改变减速机构的减速 比可实现行驶驱动装置的高低速的切换，扩大了行驶驱动装置的调速范围； 变速桥平衡箱总成 4中的差速器可实现转弯时的差速行驶及直线行驶时的 同步作业， 使左右两侧驱动轮 5具有较好的同步性能。
优选的方案中，如图 5所示，变速桥平衡箱总成 4包括动力输入轴 41、 离合器装置、 第一传动轴 45、 差速器 46、 半轴 47, 减速机构 48、 平衡箱， 动力输入轴 41通过齿轮与离合器装置的动力输入端连接，所述离合器装置 的动力输出端通过齿轮与第一传动轴 45连接， 第一传动轴 45通过齿轮与 差速器 46的动力输入端连接， 所述差速器 46的动力输出端与所述减速机 构 48的动力输入端连接， 所述减速机构 48的动力输出端与平衡箱的动力 输入端相连， 所述平衡箱的动力输出端与驱动轮 5相连。
具体的方案中， 离合器装置包括低速档离合器 42、 高速档离合器 43 及离合器传动轴 44。
液压马达 3将动力传递给动力输入轴 41 , 动力输入轴 41通过齿轮将 动力传递给低速档离合器 42或高速档离合器 43 , 当两个离合器均不结合 时， 行驶驱动装置处于空挡状态， 当其中一个离合器结合时， 动力经离合 器传动轴 44由齿轮传递给第一传动轴 45及差速器 46, 差速器 46将动力 分别经左右两个半轴 47依次传递给减速机构 48、 平衡箱、 驱动轮 5。
这种结构的行驶驱动装置，将减速机构 48、传动轴、差速器 46、后桥、 平衡箱集成于一体， 形成变速桥平衡箱总成 4, 减少了传动元件， 提高了 传动系统的传动效率， 大大缩小了传动系统的空间， 使得传动机构更加紧 凑， 成本更氐。
具体的方案中， 平衡箱包括链轮轴 49、 链条 410、 车轮轴 411 , 链轮 轴 49与减速机构 48的动力输出端连接， 链条 410分别连接链轮轴 49、 车 轮轴 411 , 车轮轴 411连接驱动轮 5的轮毂 51 , 减速机构 48输出的动力经 过链轮轴 49、 链条 410、 车轮轴 411传递至驱动轮 5的轮毂 51 , 在该动力 的作用下， 驱动轮 5将进行转动， 从而实现驱动轮 5的正常工作。
具体的方案中，减速机构 48为行星减速机构，行星减速机构具有减速 比较大、 结构紧凑等优点， 可增大行驶驱动装置的调速范围， 缩小传动系 统所占的空间。
优选方案中， 所述差速器 46 为机械差速器， 更优的方案中， 差速器 46可以为 No-spin差速器， No-spin差速器具有较好的防滑性能， 可实现转 弯时的差速行驶及直线行驶时的同步作业， 可有效防止平地机在施工中单 侧打滑的现象。
优选的方案中， 在所述第一传动轴 45上安装有停车制动器 412。
液压泵 2与液压马达 3所组成的液压系统可以采用开式液压系统， 也 可以采用闭式液压系统， 若采用开式液压系统， 所述液压泵 2与所述液压 马达 3之间的油路上设换向装置， 该换向装置具体可以为具有换向功能的 换向阀， 控制平地机前进与后退行驶； 若采用闭式液压系统， 通过改变液 压泵 2的斜盘方向， 则可实现平地机前进与后退的切换。
上述实施例中， 液压马达 3的数量为一个， 可以理解， 本发明并不局 限于此，液压马达的数量可以为二个或多个， 均应在本发明的保护范围内。
上述实施例中， 离合器装置包括低速档离合器和高速档离合器两个档 位， 本发明并不局限于此， 离合器装置可以包括多个档位， 本发明对此不 做限制。
上述实施例中， 减速机构为行星减速机构， 本发明提供的行驶驱动装 置并不局限于此， 传动齿轮可以为直齿也可以为斜齿， 减速级数可以根据 需要任意设置， 传动形式可以为齿轮传动也可以为链条传动， 凡具有减速 功能的减速机构均应在本发明的保护范围内， 如直齿轮减速机构等， 以下 实施例以具有直齿轮减速机构的变速桥平衡箱总成为例， 对本发明提供的 行驶驱动装置进行介绍。
请参看图 6, 图 6为图 4中变速桥平衡箱总成的另一种具体结构的结 构示意图。
如图 6所示， 该变速桥平衡箱总成包括动力输入轴 4Γ、 离合器装置、 第一传动轴 45，、 差速器 48，、 半轴 410，， 直齿轮减速机构 49，、 平衡箱， 动力输入轴 41， 通过齿轮与离合器装置的动力输入端连接， 所述离合器装 置的动力输出端通过齿轮与第一传动轴 45， 连接， 第一传动轴 45， 上设有 停车制动器 46' , 第一传动轴 45， 通过齿轮与差速器 48， 的动力输入端连 接， 所述差速器 48' 的动力输出端通过第二传动轴 47'与直齿轮减速机构 49' 的动力输入端连接， 所述直齿轮减速机构 49' 的动力输出端与平衡箱 的动力输入端相连， 所述平衡箱的动力输出端与驱动轮相连。
上述的离合器装置具体包括低速档离合器 42，、 高速档离合器 43， 及 离合器传动轴 44' 。
其余具体实施方式与上述实施例类似， 在此不再做详细介绍。
本发明还提供了一种平地机， 该平地机包括上述的行驶驱动装置， 由 于上述的行驶驱动装置具有上述的技术效果， 具有该行驶驱动装置的平地 机也应具有相应的技术效果， 在此不再做详细介绍。 以上所述仅是发明的优选实施方式的描述， 应当指出， 由于文字表达 的有限性， 而在客观上存在无限的具体结构， 对于本技术领域的普通技术 人员来说， 在不脱离本发明原理的前提下， 还可以做出若干改进和润饰， 这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1.一种行驶驱动装置， 包括发动机（1)、 液压泵（2)、 液压马达（3)、 驱动轮（5), 其特征在于， 还包括变速桥平衡箱总成（4), 所述变速桥平 衡箱总成（4) 的动力输入端与所述液压马达（3) 的动力输出端相连， 所 述变速桥平衡箱总成（4) 的动力输出端与所述驱动轮（5)相连。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的行驶驱动装置， 其特征在于， 所述变速桥平 衡箱总成（4) 包括动力输入轴（41)、 离合器装置、 第一传动轴（45)、 差 速器（46)、 半轴 （47)、 减速机构 （48)、 平衡箱， 所述动力输入轴（41) 通过齿轮与离合器装置的动力输入端连接， 所述离合器装置的动力输出端 通过齿轮与所述第一传动轴 （45)连接， 所述第一传动轴（45)通过齿轮 与所述差速器（46) 的动力输入端连接， 所述差速器（46) 的动力输出端 通过半轴（47) 与所述减速机构 （48) 的动力输入端连接， 所述减速机构 (48) 的动力输出端与平衡箱的动力输入端相连， 所述平衡箱的动力输出 端与驱动轮（5)相连。
3.根据权利要求 2所述的行驶驱动装置， 其特征在于， 所述减速机构
(48)为行星减速机构。
4.根据权利要求 2所述的行驶驱动装置， 其特征在于， 所述减速机构 (48)为直齿轮减速机构。
5.根据权利要求 2-4任一项所述的行驶驱动装置， 其特征在于， 所述 第一传动轴（45 )上安装有停车制动器。
6.根据权利要求 2所述的行驶驱动装置， 其特征在于， 所述平衡箱包 括链条（410)、 车轮轴（411)、 及链轮轴（49), 所述链轮轴（49)连接所 述减速机构（ 48 )的动力输出端，所述链条（ 410 )分别连接所述车轮轴（ 411 )、 所述链轮轴（ 49 ), 所述车轮轴（ 411 )连接所述驱动轮（ 5 )的轮毂（ 51 )。
7.根据权利要求 2所述的行驶驱动装置，其特征在于，所述差速器（ 46 ) 为机械差速器。
8.根据权利要求 1所述的行驶驱动装置，其特征在于，所述液压泵（2) 与所述液压马达（3)之间的油路上设换向装置。
9.一种平地机， 其特征在于， 该平地机具有权利要求 1-8任一项所述 的行驶驱动装置,
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