WO2012029191A1 - Lubrification de nano-espaceur - Google Patents

Lubrification de nano-espaceur Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2012029191A1
WO2012029191A1 PCT/JP2010/065671 JP2010065671W WO2012029191A1 WO 2012029191 A1 WO2012029191 A1 WO 2012029191A1 JP 2010065671 W JP2010065671 W JP 2010065671W WO 2012029191 A1 WO2012029191 A1 WO 2012029191A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nanospacers
lubrication
5nbd
particles
composition
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2010/065671
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Eiji Osawa
Shigeyuki Mori
Original Assignee
Nanocarbon Research Institute, Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nanocarbon Research Institute, Ltd. filed Critical Nanocarbon Research Institute, Ltd.
Priority to PCT/JP2010/065671 priority Critical patent/WO2012029191A1/fr
Priority to JP2013526600A priority patent/JP5959520B2/ja
Publication of WO2012029191A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012029191A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
    • C10M2207/0225—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/1033—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/0406—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/02—Bearings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles

Definitions

  • This invention is concerned on the basic problems of tribology, namely the nature of friction and methods to reduce the friction, or lubrication, occurring between moving solid parts of machines. As virtually every movement of matters on earth and in space induces frictions, and movements are controlled by lubrication, the invention is related with virtually all aspects of dynamic industrial operations.
  • NPL5 so-called magnetic fluid
  • magnetic spacers always completely cover the metal surfaces, hence they are available anytime whenever boundary condition appears. This is an excellent extension of the ball-bearing lubrication, but can be applied only to ferromagnetic metals and costly. Also questionable are the durability and stability of magnetic nanoparticles under high load or under conditions that erode the magnetic fluids.
  • the spacer particles that we use in the present invention are the primary particles of detonation nanodiamond (FIG. 2), which we recently re-discovered (NPL9). Throughout this description we call it by a factual name of 5-nm bucky diamond (5nBD, NPL10).
  • a 5nBD particle measures only 4.7 nm in size: so small and so light that only a nominal weight of 5nBD contains astronomical number of particles (FIG. 2).
  • ⁇ of its 1% aqueous colloid solution contains 10 13 (100 billion) particles of 5nBD ⁇
  • 5nBD is endowed with all other properties required for spacers: the hardest material on earth, quasi-spherical in shape (vide infra), giving stable colloid (FIG. 2), simple preparation (NPL7), and others (see below).
  • NPL6,7 Let us explain how the Number Effect (NPL6,7) works in actual situation.
  • a couple of metal plates are in relative motion in 1% 5nBD aqueous colloidal solution, and are approaching towards each other too close (FIG. 3(1)).
  • the linear distance between the closest asperities decreased to the limiting distance of 7 nm, the effective diameter of hydrated 5nBD (FIG. 2), the spacers start to feel the plates (FIG. 3(2)).
  • both asperities have a circular tip of ⁇ in diameter, then we may expect 316 5nBD particles forming a single-particle layer in the micro-space S*h (FIG. 3(2)'), according to simple calculations.
  • EG ethylene glycol
  • DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
  • DMSO is recognized as the best known solvent (actually dispersant) for 5nBD (NPLl l), quickly dissolving 5nBD up to more than 10%, and miscible with water and virtually all other known solvents. Hence DMSO will be a convenient medium when extremely high number density of 5nBD becomes necessary. Mixed solvents with EG and other media would also be interesting.
  • DSER direct solvent exchange reaction
  • the upper limit of spacer size depends on the smoothness of surface ⁇ ⁇ in relative movements: if the diameter D of a nanospacer is larger than ⁇ ⁇ of the surface, then the nanospacer will also be pinched between the hollow areas, thus damaging the surface. If D is smaller than ⁇ ⁇ , nanospacers will remain hidden under asperities and do no harm. Hence nanospacer lubrication with 5nBD will not work for highly polished surfaces having ⁇ ⁇ smaller than 5 nm.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a Table illustrating the effects of dispersing small amounts of 5nBD, primary particles of detonation nanodiamond, in lubrication fluid upon frictional coefficient of sapphire/Si wafer.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a Table illustrating selected properties of 5nBD relevant to nanospacer lubrication. Complex surface structures are further illustrated below the Table in cross sections and also in 3D models. On the left are spherical seamless models and on the right truncated octahedral holey bucky models.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates cross sectional perspective snapshots of the incipient direct contact between a pair of asperities from the surfaces in relative shearing motion under boundary condition (1), wherein the thin film of lubrication fluid still maintains two surfaces untouched.
  • the interfacial distance decreases to a critical distance of 7 nm (2)
  • the nanospacers that happen to be pinched between the asperities begin to feel the tips of asperities.
  • the concentration of 5nBD is in the range 0.1 to 1%
  • the number of 5nBD pinched in the microscopic space particles are 30-300. These particles will stay in this space if the dispersing fluid has appropriate viscosity, and starts rotating due to the sphericity of spacers.
  • FIG. 4 depicts TEM image of 5nBD particles. Note the scale bar to recognize the size of 5nBD particles. These do not seem like sharp-edged polyhedra but more like quasi-spherical multi-faceted worn-out diamond crystal particles.
  • 5nBD product is aqueous colloid. Details of the first-generation beads-milling procedure to produce aqueous 5nBD colloid have been published elsewhere, and we will soon disclose the
  • aqueous colloid of 5nBD is placed in a Kjeldahl evaporation flask and attached to a conventional rotary evaporator.
  • a solvent like EG is slowly and continuously introduced into the evaporation flask through a thin PP pipe and a valve without breaking vacuum. Evaporated water was collected into a graduated receiving flask until calculated amount of water is distilled out.
  • 5nBD particles are prepared at NanoCarbon Research Institute, Ueda, Japan, by disintegrating crude agglutinates of detonation nanodiamond, which was purchased from Guangzhou Panyu Guangda Electromechanical Co., Guangzhou, China. Procedure, characteristics, geometrical as well as electronic structures and properties are published elsewhere (NPL6-8). Average size of the primary single-crystals of cubic diamond is 4.7 ⁇ 0.7 nm. Diamond carbon constitute 92wt% of the current product as determined by X-ray diffraction intensity measurements calibrated by internal standard (NaF). Guaranteed grade of EG and other chemicals were used as purchased. Water content of EG was 0.12 ⁇ 0.03% as determined by Karl Fischer method (see below).
  • the crude DMSO colloid was irradiated with powerful supersonic waves using Ultrasonic Processor UP-400S (400W, 24kHz) equipped with Sonotrode H22 (tip diameter 22mm, acoustic power density 85 W/cm 2 , both manufactured by Dr. Hielscher GmbH, Teltow, Germany) while circulating the colloidal solution by means of a peristaltic pump at a speed of ca 300 ml/min for one hour. Thereupon the particle size decreased to an acceptable range of 4.4 ⁇ 0.3 nm (100.00 vol %). Concentration of 5nBD was determined to be 6.71 w/v% by simple drying method. The resulting colloid looked similar as that of Example 1, and never produced any precipitates at least for three months of storage at room temperature under stray light.
  • Ultrasonic Processor UP-400S 400W, 24kHz
  • Sonotrode H22 tip diameter 22mm, acoustic power density 85 W/cm 2 , both manufactured by Dr. Hielscher GmbH, Teltow
  • DMSO frication coefficients in DMSO.
  • DMSO is by far the best solvent for 5nBD, somewhat better than water in terms of the saturation concentration, which has never been determined accurately but probably exceeds 10%. Presumably because of this high salvation power, DMSO maintained very low ⁇ value even with 0.1 % concentration in 5nBD. However, DMSO suffers from low viscosity.
  • NPL16 Osawa, E.; Ho, D.; Huang, H.; Korobov, M. V.; Rozhkova, N. N. Consequences of strong and diverse electrostatic potential field on the surface of detonation nanodiamond particles," Diam. Rel. Mater. 18, 904-909 (2009).
  • NPL21 Schrand, A. M.; Johnson, J.; Dai, L.; Hussain, S. M.; Schlager, J. J.; Zhu, L.; Hong, Y.; Osawa, E. Cytotoxicity and genotoxity of carbon nanomaterials, in Safety of Nanoparticles: From Manufacturing to Medical Applications, Webster, T. J. (Ed.), Springer Science+Business Media, New York, 2008, Chapter 8, p. 159-188.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne la nécessité urgente, sur le plan écologique, de trouver des produits de remplacement pour l'huile de graissage, « mal nécessaire » connu pour posséder un grave défaut, à savoir que sa mince pellicule se rompt facilement dans des conditions limites. Si les lubrifiants solides sont de plus en plus utilisés en tant que produits de remplacement de l'huile, ils présentent généralement des coefficients de frottement supérieurs et coûtent plus chers. Il est souhaitable de trouver un système de lubrification par fluide permettant de toujours éviter le choc de surfaces interdépendantes. La présente invention porte sur des solutions colloïdales diluées de particules de nano-diamants uniques dans l'eau et quelques solvants organiques, qui montrent des coefficients de frottement étonnamment bas. Les résultats sont interprétés en termes de densité de nombre élevé de nano-particules uniques dans la solution colloïdale, ce qui leur permet d'agir en tant qu'espaceurs omniprésents à chaque fois que surviennent des conditions limites. Les cristaux de nano-diamants uniques possèdent toutes les autres conditions requises à cet effet. Vraisemblablement, il sera finalement possible de se passer de l'huile, qui a constitué trop longtemps le seul fluide de lubrification.
PCT/JP2010/065671 2010-09-03 2010-09-03 Lubrification de nano-espaceur WO2012029191A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2010/065671 WO2012029191A1 (fr) 2010-09-03 2010-09-03 Lubrification de nano-espaceur
JP2013526600A JP5959520B2 (ja) 2010-09-03 2010-09-03 ナノころ潤滑

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2010/065671 WO2012029191A1 (fr) 2010-09-03 2010-09-03 Lubrification de nano-espaceur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012029191A1 true WO2012029191A1 (fr) 2012-03-08

Family

ID=45772322

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2010/065671 WO2012029191A1 (fr) 2010-09-03 2010-09-03 Lubrification de nano-espaceur

Country Status (2)

Country Link
JP (1) JP5959520B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012029191A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103438348A (zh) * 2013-08-15 2013-12-11 清华大学 一种超滑基本结构、多级超滑结构、具有该结构的器件及其形成方法
JP2014516102A (ja) * 2011-05-27 2014-07-07 ハワード ユニバーシティ 表面を調整するナノ潤滑剤
WO2015003343A1 (fr) * 2013-07-10 2015-01-15 清华大学 Structure de base à super-pouvoir lubrifiant, structure multi-étage à super-pouvoir lubrifiant, dispositif muni de la structure, et procédé de formation correspondant
US9434905B2 (en) 2011-05-27 2016-09-06 Howard University Hybrid nanolubricant
CN111800032A (zh) * 2020-07-28 2020-10-20 大连海事大学 一种三维密集摩擦纳米发电模块及系统
EP4011561A1 (fr) * 2020-12-11 2022-06-15 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Machine-outil mobile et procédé

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5681959B2 (ja) * 2010-12-07 2015-03-11 国立大学法人金沢大学 グラフェン・ダイヤモンド積層体
CN104152216B (zh) * 2014-08-18 2016-08-17 福州固力工业成套设备有限公司 一种纳米超级节能润滑油
US20180237945A1 (en) * 2015-08-10 2018-08-23 Nanocarbon Research Institute, Ltd. Spherical diamond and manufacturing method for same
CN110431219B (zh) 2017-04-05 2022-03-15 株式会社大赛璐 润滑剂组合物和润滑系统
CN107099272A (zh) * 2017-05-22 2017-08-29 和县科嘉阀门铸造有限公司 一种旋塞阀定期保养用密封脂及其注脂工艺
JP7129068B2 (ja) * 2017-11-09 2022-09-01 株式会社ダイセル 潤滑システムおよび潤滑システム用液剤セット
CN111315854B (zh) * 2017-11-09 2022-06-10 株式会社大赛璐 初期磨合剂组合物及包含该组合物的初期磨合系统

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005097375A (ja) * 2003-09-24 2005-04-14 Okamoto Machine Tool Works Ltd ナノダイヤモンド非水分散液およびその調製方法
WO2007088649A1 (fr) * 2006-01-31 2007-08-09 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Compositions d'huile lubrifiante contenant des nanoparticules
JP2008179738A (ja) * 2007-01-26 2008-08-07 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 潤滑油組成物
WO2009128258A1 (fr) * 2008-04-14 2009-10-22 有限会社アプライドダイヤモンド Composition d'émulsion de type aqueux

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005097375A (ja) * 2003-09-24 2005-04-14 Okamoto Machine Tool Works Ltd ナノダイヤモンド非水分散液およびその調製方法
WO2007088649A1 (fr) * 2006-01-31 2007-08-09 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Compositions d'huile lubrifiante contenant des nanoparticules
JP2008179738A (ja) * 2007-01-26 2008-08-07 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 潤滑油組成物
WO2009128258A1 (fr) * 2008-04-14 2009-10-22 有限会社アプライドダイヤモンド Composition d'émulsion de type aqueux

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
A. KRUGER ET AL.: "Unusually tight aggregation in detonation nanodiamond: Identification and disintegration", CARBON, vol. 43, no. ISS.8, July 2005 (2005-07-01), pages 1722 - 1730 *
HU ZHIMENG: "The Tribological Characteristics of Nano-scale Diamond in Polyoxyethylene Glycol", RUNHUA YU MIFENG, no. 5, September 2005 (2005-09-01), pages 7 - 10, 13 *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014516102A (ja) * 2011-05-27 2014-07-07 ハワード ユニバーシティ 表面を調整するナノ潤滑剤
US9434905B2 (en) 2011-05-27 2016-09-06 Howard University Hybrid nanolubricant
US9644166B2 (en) 2011-05-27 2017-05-09 Howard University Surface conditioning nanolubricant
WO2015003343A1 (fr) * 2013-07-10 2015-01-15 清华大学 Structure de base à super-pouvoir lubrifiant, structure multi-étage à super-pouvoir lubrifiant, dispositif muni de la structure, et procédé de formation correspondant
CN103438348A (zh) * 2013-08-15 2013-12-11 清华大学 一种超滑基本结构、多级超滑结构、具有该结构的器件及其形成方法
CN111800032A (zh) * 2020-07-28 2020-10-20 大连海事大学 一种三维密集摩擦纳米发电模块及系统
CN111800032B (zh) * 2020-07-28 2023-10-20 大连海事大学 一种三维密集摩擦纳米发电模块及系统
EP4011561A1 (fr) * 2020-12-11 2022-06-15 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Machine-outil mobile et procédé
WO2022122413A1 (fr) * 2020-12-11 2022-06-16 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Machine-outil mobile et procédé

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2013538274A (ja) 2013-10-10
JP5959520B2 (ja) 2016-08-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2012029191A1 (fr) Lubrification de nano-espaceur
Chang et al. Anti-wear and friction properties of nanoparticles as additives in the lithium grease
Azman et al. Dispersion stability and lubrication mechanism of nanolubricants: a review
Liu et al. Graphene lubrication
Ivanov et al. Nanodiamond-based nanolubricants for motor oils
Gulzar et al. Tribological performance of nanoparticles as lubricating oil additives
Zhou et al. Sliding tribological properties of 0.45% carbon steel lubricated with Fe3O4 magnetic nano-particle additives in baseoil
He et al. Tribological performance and lubrication mechanism of alumina nanoparticle water-based suspensions in ball-on-three-plate testing
Fan et al. Probing the function of solid nanoparticle structure under boundary lubrication
He et al. In situ fabrication of carbon dots-based lubricants using a facile ultrasonic approach
Wu et al. The emulsifying and tribological properties of modified graphene oxide in oil-in-water emulsion
US10138439B2 (en) Lubrication material using self-dispersed crumpled graphene balls as additives in oil for friction and wear reduction
Huang et al. Machining characteristics and mechanism of GO/SiO2 nanoslurries in fixed abrasive lapping
Pamies et al. Antiwear performance of ionic liquid+ graphene dispersions with anomalous viscosity-temperature behavior
Zin et al. Effect of external magnetic field on tribological properties of goethite (a-FeOOH) based nanofluids
Pisal et al. Experimental investigation of tribological properties of engine oil with CuO nanoparticles
Devan et al. Improving the characteristics of engine oil using nanofluid as coolant in combat vehicles
Zhang et al. Synthetic kilogram carbon dots for superior friction reduction and antiwear additives
Chen et al. Inhibition of cold‐welding and adhesive wear occurring on surface of the 6061 aluminum alloy by graphene oxide/polyethylene glycol composite water‐based lubricant
Ivanov et al. Nanodiamond-based oil lubricants on steel-steel and stainless steel-hard alloy high load contact: investigation of friction surfaces
Gu et al. Synergistic effects of 3D porous graphene and T161 as hybrid lubricant additives on 316 ASS surface
Sun et al. Tribological behavior of graphene oxide-Fe3O4 nanocomposites for additives in water-based lubricants
Rajesh et al. Tailoring the tribological behavior of composite structures with optimized ratio of graphene and boron nitride nanosheets
Wei et al. Preparation and tribological properties of a multilayer graphene-reinforced TiO2 composite nanolubricant additive
Ren et al. Ti3C2Tx quantum dots as high-performance additive in lubrication application

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 10856736

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2013526600

Country of ref document: JP

Kind code of ref document: A

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 10856736

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1