WO2012017314A2

WO2012017314A2 - Closed trench tunnels

Info

Publication number: WO2012017314A2
Application number: PCT/IB2011/001960
Authority: WO
Inventors: Luis Enrique BECERRA PEÑUELA
Original assignee: Becerra Penuela Luis Enrique
Priority date: 2010-08-02
Filing date: 2011-08-02
Publication date: 2012-02-09
Also published as: CO6680657A2; WO2012017314A3; WO2012017314A4; CO6380010A1; CN103154434A

Abstract

This invention relates to a machine and system for constructing closed trench tunnels without holding up traffic, which comprises a pre-fabricated steel arched bridge structure over which the vehicles travel. A roadheader machine or mining cutter head, or any other system, is suspended from the structure, and excavates the area to be constructed, while a collecting shovel, also suspended from the structure, removes the earth excavated by the roadheader and deposits it in armoured vehicles towed by trucks that are inside the tunnel already constructed. Once a certain area has been excavated, pre-fabricated concrete segments, that will give the closed trench tunnel its shape, are installed or assembled, with a combination of three different types of segments (side, floor and roof), which are transported on low beds or slabs towed by trucks that pass through the tunnel. Said segments are hooked and lifted by a crane installed suspended from the structure of the bridge. Once the segments have been assembled and secured using bolts or any other method, forming a new stretch or section, the machine (bridge) advances to a new stretch using wheels that raise it and rotate it in any direction hydraulically and place it in the required location to construct the new stretch or section.

Description

MACHINE AND SYSTEM FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF CLOSED TUNNEL TUNNELS WITHOUT STOPPING VEHICLE TRAFFIC

Technology sector

The present invention relates to a machine and system for the construction of covered trench tunnels that can be used for the use of underground roads for vehicles, rail transportation, sewerage, meters or any other application.

This invention has its application in the field of civil construction and within the industries dedicated to the manufacture and construction of tunnels or underground systems.

Prior State of the Art

The tunnels are built by digging in the ground, manually or with machines. The usual underground excavation systems are mechanical, blasting and manual means:

Mechanical means by point miner (grader), full section miner or TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) or with conventional machinery (hammer

Cut-and-cover

The Cut and cover method, which would mean "Cut and cover" in Spanish, is a construction method for surface tunnels where a trench or ditch is excavated and covered once finished. It requires a strong support system to support the loads of the material that covers the tunnel. There are two ways to perform the cut-and-cover.

Bottom-up Method A ditch is excavated supported by the surrounding terrain and the tunnel is built inside. The tunnel can be in situ concrete, prestressed concrete, prestressed arches, arches with corrugated steel and also with brick, which used to be used at the beginning. Top-down method: In this method the supporting side walls and level beams are constructed at ground level, using screen walls, pile screen or any other method. A superficial excavation is carried out to place the beams of the tunnel roof and then the ground is replaced, the necessary services and roads. The machines dig the access and remove the material that has remained between the screens and the roof. Finally the base of the tunnel is built.

TBM

Tunneling machines and associated recoil and feed systems make the excavation process more automated.

New Austrian Method

The new Austrian method was developed in the 1960s. The excavation is carried out in two phases, first the upper excavation is carried out and then the ground underneath is removed until the tunnel level. The method is based on using the geological tension of the surrounding rock massif so that the tunnel stabilizes itself by means of the arc effect. To achieve this we rely on geotechnical measures to draw an optimal section. The excavation is immediately protected with a thin layer of shotcrete. This creates a natural discharge ring that minimizes rock deformation.

Tube thrust

In English called Pipe jacking. The method is to push the tube through hydraulic jacks to the ground. It is used when there are structures above that do not want to be damaged as train tracks or roads.

Trenchless technology: Trenchless tec nology

The technologies without trench (of English Trenchless technology) are based on a series of methods that allow the installation or repair of small diameter pipes (less than 3 meters) without digging a trench. The primary objective is to avoid inconvenience to citizens and reduce the impact on the land. The main drawback is the high cost because it is a very expensive technology.

The technique of building covered trench tunnels or low depth tunnels using sheet piles or cast walls is widely known. This support keeps the trench open during construction. Subsequently, sections are constructed in the form of a double-cell reinforced concrete box, supported by iron supports and wood cladding. Also known in the market are the Trencher machines used in the excavation of cable, pipe, excavation for water sites ect

The technique of building covered trench tunnels or low depth tunnels entails a major problem that is the total stopping of vehicle traffic in the construction area which brings consequences or traumas in a city's road system. For this reason, this technique is rarely used and the option of building tunnels with tunneling machines (TBM) is chosen, but with higher costs, studies and typical terrain problems since they are done at great depth.

It is not known of any system or machine to build tunnels of covered or low depth trench of great diameter that work and at the same time continue with the transit of vehicles without deviations or road blockages.

The following pages refer to techniques and in general to the underground construction industry.

http://www.tunnelbuilder.com/

http: // www. trenchtech com / index spanish. htm

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5594682.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuneladora

Description of the invention

The invention of the machine proposes to solve the problem of the technique since the structure of the machine is an arc-shaped steel bridge <- «· _ · ÷ allows the passage of vehicles on it and thus solving the problem of Stopping normal vehicle traffic. At the same time it is built under it with a system of precast concrete segments connected by bolts or any other technique. This concrete structure allows the machine to advance on it once a section or ring is finished

The machine rests on two points, one on the structure of segments already installed and the other on the ground that has not been excavated. In these two points a hydraulic wheel system is installed that allows the machine to be lifted and advanced, can be moved in any direction and placed in position for the construction of a new section or section

Hanging from the structure we find a rotating head type used in mining for excavation of the area, also from its structure hangs an excavator shovel which serves to collect the excavated material. A bridge-type crane that lifts and places in place the concrete segments that form the body of the covered trench tunnel. The entire machine system can be powered by hydraulic force by means of a main engine.

The grader and shovel dig and extract the soil that is deposited in tanks located inside the tunnel already built. These tanks are pulled by trucks that travel inside the tunnel to the outside.

The most outstanding feature of this machine is the practicality and simplicity of its technology since its different components are known as independent machines but never as a single machine.

Construction System:

a) before placing the machine in position, the area to be excavated is demarcated with a concrete or pavement cutter, once the bridge machine is located in the exact place the machine is put into position which excavates a certain area and in turn the shovel collect the excavated earth and deposit it in the tanks pulled by trucks and carried through the tunnel already built towards the outside of the construction. b) the excavated area is conditioned using flattening machines and soil compactors as well as an application of some sealant or grout on the walls of the excavated area.

c) the prefabricated concrete side segments are transported in sheets or low beds to the assembly area where the crane hooks and lifts to its position, the previous one is secured using bolts. A total of 6 segments are installed (3 on each side of the walls)

d) the prefabricated concrete segments of the floor are then transported in sheets or low beds to the assembly area which the crane hooks and lifts to its position. It is secured to the previous one and the bends of the walls using bolts. 2 are installed in total.

e) Immediately the prefabricated concrete roof segments are transported in sheets or low beds to the assembly area where the crane hooks and lifts to its position where it secures the previous one and the wall segments using bolts. 2 are installed in total and thus completing a whole new section or section. In total the section is competed with 10 segments.

f) any section can be sealed with a concrete slurry injected from the top of the tunnel between the side segments and the ground. The grout sneaks between channels made in the segments.

g) Once the section is assembled, the bridge machine advances the same distance as it will excavate and can turn in any direction that the tunnel track requires.

Description of these figures

To facilitate the understanding of what is described in the present invention, some drawings are attached:

Figure 1 shows a side view of the main structure of the machine

(twenty).

Figure 2 is a side view showing the rotating head of the brush type (1), the excavator blade (2) and the rails (3) attached to the structure where the previous ones move. Figure 3 is a side view showing the tank (4) where the excavated material, the crane (5), support points and feed systems (6) and (7) and the engine (8) of all machine.

Figure 4 is a perspective view showing a cutter (9) and the area to be demarcated or cut.

Figure 5 is a side view and shows the dynamics of excavation and soil extraction.

Figure 6 is a side view and shows the dynamics of soil compaction (10) and the application of some sealant or grout (11) on the excavation walls.

Figure 7 is a perspective view of a prefabricated concrete side wall or walls (12).

Figure Θ is a side view and shows the assembly dynamics of the side segments or walls (12).

Figure 9 is a perspective view of a prefabricated concrete floor segment (14).

Figure 10 is a side view and shows the dynamics of assembly of the roof segments (15).

Figure 11 is a perspective view of a prefabricated concrete roof gutter (15).

Figure 12 is a front view of the assembly of the segments (12, 14,15) and shows the trench tunnel closed with vehicle traffic at the top.

Figure 13 is a front view of the assembly of the segments (12, 14,15) in the example of a subway station.

Figure 14 is a perspective view of the assembly of the segments (12, 14,15).

Figure 15 is a perspective view of the segments and refers to the design used for the passage of people within the stations of a meter.

Figure 16 shows a front cut and refers to the union with a bolt between a side key and a floor key. Figure 17 shows a side section and refers to the union with a bolt between 2 floor segments.

Figure 18 is a section where it refers to the union with a bolt between 2 lateral segments.

Figure 19 is a section where reference is made to the connection with a bolt between a bolt between a side and a ceiling.

Figure 20 is a view of the lower part of the machine where it shows the different components, hydraulic movement wheels (17), the grater or cutting head (1), the main motor (8), the control cabin (19 ) for the machine operator, the pick-up shovel (2), the crane (5) bridge type and an attached ramp (18) for vehicle access on the machine.

Figure 21 is a side view referring to the hydraulic movement wheels (17) and the attached ramp (18).

Figure 22 is a full perspective view of the machine and the environment in which it works.

Detailed description of the invention

Prefabricated steel arch bridge structure (20) through which vehicles travel over it and allow free movement of vehicles over the construction area. From the structure of the bridge (20) hangs a grater or cutting head mining type (1) and attached to it a pickup shovel (2). Both moved by hydraulic force and capable of moving in any direction independently by means of rails attached to the bridge structure (3). The grader and shovel dig and extract the soil that is deposited in tanks located inside the tunnel already built. These tanks are pulled by trucks that travel inside the tunnel to the outside (4).

Also attached to the bridge structure (20) is a hydraulic bridge crane (5) that moves along a rail attached to the bridge structure and is responsible for hooking and lifting the prefabricated concrete segments and locates them in its position to be assembled.

The structure of the machine (20) bridge rests on two points. The first on the assembled segments (6) (tunnel already built) and the second on the pavement or land next to dig (7). For its advance it stands on its two support points with wheels (17) moved by hydraulics that can move in any direction and placing it in position for the construction of a new section or section.

All the energy and hydraulic force used by the entire bridge machine is generated by a single motor (8) located between the chaser (1) and the blade (2) which distributes the force to any of the systems with which it is working (grader, shovel, crane and feed system)

Construction System:

a) before placing the machine in position, the area to be excavated is demarcated with a concrete cutter or pavement (9) for a cleaner cut, once the bridge machine is located in the exact place the grader is put in position (1) which excavates a certain area and in turn the shovel (2) collects the excavated earth and deposits it in tanks (4) pulled by trucks and carried through the tunnel already built towards the outside of the construction.

b) the excavated area is conditioned using flattening machines and soil compactors (10) as well as an application of some sealant or grout on the walls of the excavated area (11).

c) the lateral prefabricated concrete segments (walls) (12) are transported in sheets or low beds to the assembly area where the crane (5) hooks and lifts to its position, the previous one is secured using bolts (13). A total of 6 segments are installed (3 on each side of the walls) d) then the prefabricated concrete floor segments (14) are transported on plates or low beds to the assembly area which the crane hooks and lifts into position . It is secured to the previous one and the bends of the walls using bolts. 2 are installed in total.

e) then the prefabricated concrete roof segments (15) are transported in sheets or low beds (16) to the assembly area where the crane hooks and lifts to its position where it secures the previous one and the wall segments using bolts . 2 are installed in total and thus completing a whole new section or section. In total the section is competed with 10 segments. f) any section can be sealed with a concrete slurry injected from the top of the tunnel between the side segments and the ground. The grout sneaks between channels made in the segments.

Claims

1. Machine and system for the construction of closed trench tunnels without stopping vehicle traffic, characterized by being composed of an arc-shaped structure (20) designed to allow vehicles to pass through it, through which It can work in the construction of the tunnel at the same time that the vehicles follow their normal traffic and constitute the main characteristic and advantages that this invention possesses.

2. Machine and system for the construction of closed trench tunnels without stopping the traffic of vehicles according to claim 1 characterized in that the structure (20) of the machine is designed in prefabricated sections that can vary in their shapes, sizes, materials and capacity according to the need and that facilitate its assembly or disassembly in any place where its operation is required.

3. Machine and system for the construction of closed trench tunnels without stopping the traffic of vehicles characterized by having rails (3) in the lower part of the structure (20) which allow a head to hang and move from there cutter or grader (1) mining type or any other available technique that allows the excavation of any material that presents the ground a collecting shovel which is responsible for collecting and depositing in the tanks (4) the excavated material and that can vary in its shape or size according to need, a bridge type crane (5) which allows them to move and can lift and place the prefabricated segments (12,14,15) in their assembly place.

4. Machine and system for the construction of closed trench tunnels without stopping the traffic of vehicles characterized by having a hydraulic wheel system (17) located at the two points of support of the structure (20) that allow it to lift and move in any direction to your next section or section to build.

5. Machine and system for the construction of closed trench tunnels without stopping the traffic of vehicles that is characterized by having a main engine that uses hydraulic force and distributes it to give mobility and operation to the different components of the machine.

6. Machine and system for the construction of closed trench tunnels without stopping the traffic of vehicles that is characterized by using a design of prefabricated segments (12,14,15) that allow it to be transported by its size and shape within the same tunnel already built by means of slabs or low beds (16) pulled by a vehicle or tow tractor.

7. Machine and system for the construction of closed trench tunnels without stopping the traffic of vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that it uses prefabricated concrete and steel segments which, thanks to prefabrication, are very fast for manufacturing, transport, assembly and that can be pre-set by previous studies according to the tunnel direction.

8. Machine and system for the construction of closed trench tunnels without stopping the traffic of vehicles is characterized by its procedure of construction stages that determines a cycle in a certain time and which consists of a first construction stage that consists of demarcating the area next to digging with a pavement cutting machine (9) which allows a cleaner cut that the cutting head (1) cannot make. second stage of construction that consists of lifting and advancing the machine to its location by means of its hydraulic wheels (17) which can be operated by a computerized system, manual or any other available technique, third stage of construction that consists in using the cutting head or grater (1) to excavate the area and can be operated by a computerized system, manual or any other available technique, fourth stage of construction that consists of using the picking blade (2) or any other technique such as mini excavator vehicles and deposit and extract the excavated material in tanks (4) that will pass inside the tunnel, the fifth stage of construction that consists of conditioning the excavated area using flatteners, compactors (10) or any other available technique as well as the application of some sealant (11) or grout in the area that can improve the conditions of assembly and construction of the tunnel, sixth stage of cons This procedure consists of transporting the prefabricated side or wall segments (12) in sheets or low beds (16) inside the tunnel to the excavated area where the bridge crane (5) hooks them up, lifts and places them where they are secured. to the previous one using bolts (13) and any other available technique, 3 are installed wall segments (12) on each side in total 6. seventh stage of construction that consists of transporting prefabricated floor segments (14) in sheets or low beds (16) into the tunnel to the excavated area where the bridge crane (5) the hooks, lifts and places in position where the previous one is secured using bolts (13) or any other available technique, 2 floor segments are installed in total, eighth stage of construction that consists of transporting inside the tunnel the prefabricated roof bends (15) in sheets or low beds (16) to the excavated area where the bridge-type crane (5) hooks, lifts and places them in position where the previous one is secured using bolts (13) or any other technique available, 2 roof slots are installed in total and thus completing a whole new section or section with a total of 10 prefabricated segments that can be sealed or secured by any other available technique such as injection No of concrete or cement grout.

The materials, shapes, sizes and arrangement of the elements will be subject to variation as long as this does not imply an alteration of the features of the invention.