WO2012012481A1 - Balle de golf et procédé de fabrication d'une balle de golf - Google Patents

Balle de golf et procédé de fabrication d'une balle de golf Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012012481A1
WO2012012481A1 PCT/US2011/044604 US2011044604W WO2012012481A1 WO 2012012481 A1 WO2012012481 A1 WO 2012012481A1 US 2011044604 W US2011044604 W US 2011044604W WO 2012012481 A1 WO2012012481 A1 WO 2012012481A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
golf ball
isocyanate
outer portion
cover
compound
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2011/044604
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas J. Kennedy Iii
Original Assignee
Nike International Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nike International Ltd. filed Critical Nike International Ltd.
Priority to EP11738558.3A priority Critical patent/EP2595710A1/fr
Priority to CN201180045446.0A priority patent/CN103124584B/zh
Priority to JP2013520828A priority patent/JP5686450B2/ja
Publication of WO2012012481A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012012481A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
    • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
    • A63B37/0023—Covers
    • A63B37/0029—Physical properties
    • A63B37/0031—Hardness
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
    • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
    • A63B37/007—Characteristics of the ball as a whole
    • A63B37/0077—Physical properties
    • A63B37/0092—Hardness distribution amongst different ball layers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
    • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
    • A63B37/0022—Coatings, e.g. paint films; Markings
    • A63B37/00221—Coatings, e.g. paint films; Markings characterised by the material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
    • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
    • A63B37/0023—Covers
    • A63B37/0029—Physical properties
    • A63B37/0033—Thickness
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
    • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
    • A63B37/0038—Intermediate layers, e.g. inner cover, outer core, mantle
    • A63B37/004—Physical properties
    • A63B37/0043—Hardness
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
    • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
    • A63B37/007—Characteristics of the ball as a whole
    • A63B37/0072—Characteristics of the ball as a whole with a specified number of layers
    • A63B37/0075—Three piece balls, i.e. cover, intermediate layer and core
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/02—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates of isocyanates or isothiocyanates only
    • C08G18/022—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates of isocyanates or isothiocyanates only the polymeric products containing isocyanurate groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08—Processes
    • C08G18/16—Catalysts
    • C08G18/18—Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
    • C08G18/1875—Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof containing ammonium salts or mixtures of secondary of tertiary amines and acids

Definitions

  • This invention relates to golf balls and methods of manufacturing golf balls.
  • the physical properties, composition, and design of a golf ball determine its performance characteristics during play, including distance, loft, flight symmetry, spin, and durability. Golf balls can be constructed so that certain performance characteristics are emphasized and/or deemphasized to execute various types of shots in view of the different golf clubs used to make such shots.
  • golf balls can be constructed to emphasize or deemphasize the spin characteristic of the ball according to the distance of the desired shot and the club used to make such shot.
  • high spin is generally not desirable. High spin can increase lift which can result in a loss of distance.
  • high spin approximately 5,000 to 12,000 rpm
  • High spin can improve control during flight and stopping power ("grab") when the ball hits the green.
  • the characteristic of a ball to have low spin for long distance shots and high spin for mid to short distance shots can be referred to as spin separation.
  • Multilayer golf balls with soft covers (low flex modulus and low hardness) and hard intermediate layers provide good spin separation.
  • soft covers are susceptible to "scuffing" or shear yielding of the polymer that compromises the integrity and performance of the ball.
  • the irons and wedges used to perform mid to short distance shots have a clubface with a large angle of loft when measured in reference to the ground with 0 degrees being with the face of the club perpendicular to the ground and 90 degrees being with the face of the club parallel to the ground.
  • the large angled clubfaces impart relatively high shear force on the cover of the ball when the clubface strikes the ball. These shear forces are high enough to cause the polymer material of the cover to shear yield or "scuff." A high degree of scuffing renders the ball unfit for play.
  • a golf ball cover that is soft for use in multilayer golf balls with good spin separation but less susceptible to shear yielding or scuffing.
  • a multi-layer golf ball includes a core, at least one intermediate layer, and a cover.
  • the cover can be made of a thermoplastic resin and includes an outer portion and an inner portion.
  • the outer portion of the cover includes an interpenetrating polymer network of the thermoplastic resin and at least one of a carbodiimide, an isocyanate dimer, an isocyanate trimer, a polyisocyanurate, an uretonimine, and an oxazolidone.
  • the inner portion is substantially devoid of the interpenetrating polymer network.
  • the outer portion of the cover has a microindentation hardness that is greater than the microindentation hardness of the inner portion of the cover.
  • a multi-layer golf ball includes a cover, at least one intermediate layer, and a cover.
  • the cover can be made of a thermoplastic resin and include an outer portion and an inner portion.
  • the outer portion can include the thermoplastic resin and a reaction product of an isocyanate compound and a co-reactant compound having a non- active hydrogen group, the isocyanate compound having reacted with the non-active hydrogen group of the co-reactant compound in the presence of a catalyst to form the reaction product.
  • a method of manufacturing a golf ball includes molding a cover made of thermoplastic resin over at least one intermediate layer of a golf ball; permeating an isocyanate solution comprising an isocyanate compound, a co-reactant compound, and a catalyst into an outer portion of the cover.
  • the catalyst catalyzes a reaction between the isocyanate compound and the co-reactant compound to form a reaction product.
  • the co- reactant compound can be a second isocyanate compound
  • the catalyst can be a quaternary ammonium salt
  • the reaction product can be isocyanurate.
  • the reaction product modifies at least one physical property of the outer portion such that the physical property of the outer portion is different than the physical property of the inner portion.
  • the modified physical property can be microindentation hardness, where the microindentation hardness of the outer portion is greater than the microindentation hardness of an inner portion of the cover.
  • Figure 1 depicts a sectional view of a multilayer golf ball
  • Figure 2 depicts a portion of a cross-sectional view of a multilayer golf ball
  • Figure 3 depicts a portion of a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a multilayer golf ball of the current invention.
  • multi-layer golf ball means a golf ball constructed of at least two layers and can include, for example, two- piece, three-piece, and four-piece golf balls.
  • an example of a three-piece multi-layer golf ball can include a core 2, an intermediate layer 3, and a cover 4.
  • the cover 4 can include dimples 5 molded thereon.
  • Multilayer golf balls and corresponding individual layers of the ball may be made by any suitable materials and methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art, including those described in, for example, U.S. Patent Number 7,491 ,878.
  • a golf ball with cover formed of thermoplastic resin such as thermoplastic polyurethane
  • the solution can include an isocyanate compound, a co-reactant compound, and a catalyst.
  • the co-reactant can include at least one non-active hydrogen group.
  • a non-active hydrogen group is a hydrogen group on a compound that is typically not labile or exchangeable during a reaction.
  • the co-reactant compound can be, for example, at least one of a second isocyanate compound, a carbodiimide, and an epoxide.
  • the reactions of isocyanates fall into two main categories:
  • An active hydrogen is one such as those attached to hydroxyl (-OH) groups, amine groups (-NH2) and water (HOH) molecules.
  • Polyurethane chemistry is based on the reactions of isocyanates with active hydrogen-containing compounds.
  • Electron density is expected to be greatest on the oxygen atom and least on the carbon atom. This results in the oxygen atom having the largest net negative charge, the carbon a net positive charge, and the nitrogen, an intermediate net negative charge.
  • Non-proton bearing nucleophiles such as other isocyanates
  • a catalyst for example, in the presence of a trimerization catalyst, the nitrogen atom of one isocyanate will react with the carbon atom of a second isocyanate and the nitrogen atom of a third isocyanate will then react with carbon atom of the first isocyanate. This forms the isocyanurate ring.
  • the isocyanurate molecule that is formed is very thermally stable.
  • the isocyanate solution can be caused to permeate through the surface of the cover 4 and into the thermoplastic resin of the cover 4 to a depth that is less than the entire thickness of the cover 4.
  • the portion between the surface of the cover 4 and the depth to which the solution is allowed to permeate can be referred to as the outer portion 7 of the cover 4.
  • the outer portion 7 has a thickness of about 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm.
  • the solution is allowed to permeate to a depth of about 15 to 20 mils.
  • the permeation can cause the isocyanate compound, co- reactant, and catalyst to diffuse through the network of thermoplastic resin within the outer portion 7 of the cover 4.
  • the portion of the cover in which the solution does not permeate can be referred to as the inner portion 8 of the cover 4.
  • An example of the outer portion 7 and inner portion 8 of the cover 4 as those terms are used herein is depicted in Figure 3.
  • the catalyst can catalyze a reaction between the isocyanate compound and the co- reactant compound to form a reaction product.
  • the catalyst can be at least one of a phosphine oxide, a pyridine, an alkali soap, a quaternary ammonium salt, a strong base, an organoantimony iodide, a zinc acetyl-acetonate, and a benzoyl chloride.
  • the catalyst can catalyze the reaction between the isocyanate compound and the non- active hydrogen group of the co-reactant compound to form the reaction product.
  • the reaction product can be, for example, at least one of a carbodiimide, an isocyanate dimer, an isocyanate trimer, a polyisocyanurate, an uretonimine, and an oxazolidone.
  • Example typical reactions between the isocyanate compound and co-reactant compound in the presence of the catalyst to form the reaction product are included in Table 1.
  • Figure 3 depicts an example of the reaction product 6 in the outer portion 7 of the cover 4.
  • a higher concentration of reaction product is shown near the surface of the cover 4 so as to form a gradient of reaction product in the outer portion 7.
  • the reaction product penetrates into the cover to a depth of about 15 to 20 mils, thereby forming an outer portion 7 of the cover having thickness of about 15 to 20 mils.
  • the inner portion 7 of the cover can be substantially devoid of the reaction product.
  • substantially devoid means a di minimums amount or an amount insubstantial to impact the physical properties of the material or performance characteristics of the ball.
  • the reaction between the isocyanate compound and the co-reactant can occur within the network of thermoplastic resin in the outer portion 7 and form an interpenetrating polymer network of the reaction product and the thermoplastic resin in the outer portion 7 of the cover 4.
  • An interpenetrating polymer network as used herein means a polymer material comprising two or more networks which are at least partially interlaced on a polymer scale but not covalently bonded to each other and cannot be separated unless chemical bonds are broken.
  • the inner portion 8 of the cover 4 can be substantially devoid of the IPN of thermoplastic resin and reaction product.
  • the reaction product and/or IPN of thermoplastic resin and reaction product can result in the modification of at least one physical property of the outer portion of the cover.
  • the reaction product and/or IPN can increase the hardness of the outer portion 7 of the cover 4 so that the hardness of the outer portion 7 is greater than the hardness of the inner portion 8.
  • Hardness can be determined by, for example, microindentation hardness testing in accordance with the Vickers hardness test (HV) or Knoop hardness test (HK).
  • Increased hardness of the outer portion 7 can, for example, improve the shear resistance and spin separation properties of the golf ball.
  • Example isocyanate compounds suitable for purposes of the invention include: toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) / 2,4-diisocyanato-l-mehybenzene; toluene 2,6-diisocyanate (TDI) / 2,6-diisocyanato-l-mehybenzene; 65:35 mixture of toluene 2,4 and 2,6- diisocyanate (TDI-65/35); 80:20 mixture of toluene 2,4 and 2,6-diisocyanate (TDI- 80/20); 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) / l,l '-methylenebis(4-isocyanato- benzene); 2,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI)/ l-isocyanato-2-(4- isocyanatophenyl) methylbenzene; 2,2'-
  • Example catalysts suitable for the purposes of the invention follow.
  • An example phosphine oxide is isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate.
  • An example pyridine is pyridine-N-oxide.
  • An example alkali soap includes lithium salicylate.
  • Example quaternary ammonium salts include those available from Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. under the trade names DABCO TMR, DABCO TMR-2, DABCO TMR-3, DABCO TMR-4, and DABCO TMR-5. The quaternary ammonium salts may also be used with organotin compounds as a co-catalyst.
  • An example strong base is ammonia hydroxide.
  • an embodiment of a golf ball of the current invention can be made according to the following process.
  • a golf ball with a thermoplastic polyurethane cover is permeated with a solution of isocyanate.
  • the solution of isocyanate can be a solvent, at least one isocyanate compound and a catalyst.
  • the solvent can be, for example, acetone or methyl ethyl ketone (MEK).
  • MEK methyl ethyl ketone
  • the isocyanate compound can be about 0.1 to 40% of the solution, with 4 to 5% preferred. Unless otherwise defined herein, the term about means ⁇ 10% of the referenced amount.
  • the permeating can be performed by, for example, contacting the golf ball with the isocyanate solution for a contacting time from about 1 to about 10 minutes, with 4 to 5 minutes preferred.
  • the contacting can be performed by, for example, soaking or immersing the golf ball in the solution.
  • the contacting of the ball with the solvent can cause the solvent to swell the thermoplastic polyurethane and permit the isocyanate compound to permeate the cover. The greater the contacting time, the deeper the isocyanate can permeate into the cover.
  • the catalyst can catalyze the reaction between the isocyanate compound and a second isocyanate compound in the solution (in this example, isocyanate is the co-reactant).
  • the reaction can occur via the non-active hydrogens of the isocyanate to form isocyanurate, which is a trimer of isocyanate.
  • the catalyst can be, for example, an alkali soap or quaternary ammonium salt, to speed the reaction from.
  • the solution can optionally be heated to between about 76 °F and about 120 °F during contact with the ball to speed the reaction.
  • the ball is removed from contact with the isocyanate solution and heated to a temperature of about 76 °F to about 180 °F, with about 76 °F to about 120 °F preferred, for a time from about 10 minutes to about 5 hours. The heating can take place in an oven.
  • the ball After heating, the ball can be cleaned with an alcohol, such as isopropanol or methanol, and allowed to dry.
  • the ball can then be coated with a waterborne primer and allowed to dry.
  • a waterborne primer can include, for example, a polyurethane dispersion, such as Witcobond 234 from Chemtura.
  • the ball can then be given a final coat of a polyurethane and allowed to dry.
  • polyurethane can include, for example, a two-part polyurethane such as a saturated polyester mixed with a HDI pre-polymer.
  • a golf ball with a thermoplastic polyurethane cover was soaked in an isocyanate solution of acetone, an isocyanate compound in about 15% of the solution, and 0.05% of lithium salicylate. The ball was soaked in the solution for about 2 minutes. The golf ball was removed from the solution and heated to 180 °F for about 4 hours. The ball was then cleaned with isopropanol and allowed to dry. The ball was then coated with a waterborne primer and allowed to dry. A final coating of a two part polyurethane was applied to the ball and allowed to dry.
  • a golf ball with a thermoplastic polyurethane cover was soaked in an isocyanate solution of acetone, an isocyanate compound in about 15% of the solution, and 0.1% of Dabco TMR (a quaternary ammonium salt catalyst). The ball was soaked in the solution for about 2 minutes. The golf ball was removed from the solution and heated to 180 °F for about 4 hours. The ball was then cleaned with isopropanol and allowed to dry. The ball was then coated with a waterborne primer and allowed to dry. A final coating of a two part polyurethane was applied to the ball and allowed to dry.
  • Dabco TMR a quaternary ammonium salt catalyst

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une balle de golf et un procédé de fabrication d'une balle de golf. Dans un mode de réalisation, un procédé de fabrication d'une balle de golf comprend le moulage d'une couverture constituée de résine thermoplastique sur au moins une couche intermédiaire d'une balle de golf ; l'infiltration d'une solution d'isocyanate comprenant un composé isocyanate et un composé co-réactif dans une partie externe de la couverture ; et l'infiltration d'un catalyseur dans la partie externe de la couverture. Le catalyseur catalyse une réaction entre le composé isocyanate et le composé co-réactif de façon à former un produit de réaction. Le composé co-réactif peut être un second composé isocyanate, le catalyseur peut être un sel d'ammonium quaternaire, et le produit de réaction peut être un isocyanurate. Le produit de réaction modifie au moins une propriété physique de la partie externe de telle sorte que la propriété physique de la partie externe est différente de la propriété physique de la partie interne. La propriété physique modifiée peut être la dureté de micro-indentation, la dureté de micro-indentation de la partie externe étant supérieure à la dureté de micro-indentation d'une partie interne de la couverture.
PCT/US2011/044604 2010-07-21 2011-07-20 Balle de golf et procédé de fabrication d'une balle de golf WO2012012481A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11738558.3A EP2595710A1 (fr) 2010-07-21 2011-07-20 Balle de golf et procédé de fabrication d'une balle de golf
CN201180045446.0A CN103124584B (zh) 2010-07-21 2011-07-20 高尔夫球和制造高尔夫球的方法
JP2013520828A JP5686450B2 (ja) 2010-07-21 2011-07-20 ゴルフボールおよびゴルフボールの製造方法

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US33618310P 2010-07-21 2010-07-21
US61/336,183 2010-07-21
US37009610P 2010-08-02 2010-08-02
US61/370,096 2010-08-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012012481A1 true WO2012012481A1 (fr) 2012-01-26

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ID=44462105

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2011/044604 WO2012012481A1 (fr) 2010-07-21 2011-07-20 Balle de golf et procédé de fabrication d'une balle de golf

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WO (1) WO2012012481A1 (fr)

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3793236A (en) * 1971-02-12 1974-02-19 Mitsubishi Chem Ind Oxazolidone-modified isocyanurate resins
US3849349A (en) * 1971-05-12 1974-11-19 K Frisch Polyisocyanurate foam and process for producing the same
US4128537A (en) * 1977-07-27 1978-12-05 Ici Americas Inc. Process for preparing ethylenically unsaturated isocyanurates
US5208270A (en) * 1992-01-03 1993-05-04 The Dow Chemical Company Catalyst systems useful for forming isocyanurate, amide and/or oxazolidinone groups and a method for their use
US6458307B2 (en) 1996-12-24 2002-10-01 Bridgestone Sports Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing a golf ball
US20050202904A1 (en) * 2004-03-09 2005-09-15 Bridgestone Sports Co.,Ltd. Golf ball and method for preparing golf ball
US20060189412A1 (en) * 2005-02-18 2006-08-24 Sullivan Michael J Nano-particulate compositions for decreasing the water vapor transmission rate of golf ball layers
US20060281825A1 (en) * 2005-06-11 2006-12-14 Je Kyun Lee Microporous Polyisocyanate Based Hybrid Materials
US20080214325A1 (en) * 2007-02-13 2008-09-04 Bridgestone Sports Co., Ltd. Solid golf ball
US7491878B2 (en) 2006-03-10 2009-02-17 Sony Corporation Method and apparatus for automatically creating musical compositions

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3793236A (en) * 1971-02-12 1974-02-19 Mitsubishi Chem Ind Oxazolidone-modified isocyanurate resins
US3849349A (en) * 1971-05-12 1974-11-19 K Frisch Polyisocyanurate foam and process for producing the same
US4128537A (en) * 1977-07-27 1978-12-05 Ici Americas Inc. Process for preparing ethylenically unsaturated isocyanurates
US5208270A (en) * 1992-01-03 1993-05-04 The Dow Chemical Company Catalyst systems useful for forming isocyanurate, amide and/or oxazolidinone groups and a method for their use
US6458307B2 (en) 1996-12-24 2002-10-01 Bridgestone Sports Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing a golf ball
US6729975B2 (en) 1996-12-24 2004-05-04 Bridgestone Sports Co., Ltd. Golf ball
US20050202904A1 (en) * 2004-03-09 2005-09-15 Bridgestone Sports Co.,Ltd. Golf ball and method for preparing golf ball
US20060189412A1 (en) * 2005-02-18 2006-08-24 Sullivan Michael J Nano-particulate compositions for decreasing the water vapor transmission rate of golf ball layers
US20060281825A1 (en) * 2005-06-11 2006-12-14 Je Kyun Lee Microporous Polyisocyanate Based Hybrid Materials
US7491878B2 (en) 2006-03-10 2009-02-17 Sony Corporation Method and apparatus for automatically creating musical compositions
US20080214325A1 (en) * 2007-02-13 2008-09-04 Bridgestone Sports Co., Ltd. Solid golf ball

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