WO2012010054A1 - 基于模块化多电平变换器的无变压器太阳能逆变器拓扑结构 - Google Patents

基于模块化多电平变换器的无变压器太阳能逆变器拓扑结构 Download PDF

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WO2012010054A1
WO2012010054A1 PCT/CN2011/076853 CN2011076853W WO2012010054A1 WO 2012010054 A1 WO2012010054 A1 WO 2012010054A1 CN 2011076853 W CN2011076853 W CN 2011076853W WO 2012010054 A1 WO2012010054 A1 WO 2012010054A1
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voltage
standard power
inverter
mmc
phase
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PCT/CN2011/076853
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张坤
张跃平
胡涛
李太峰
魏西平
杨洋
赵淑玉
王振
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荣信电力电子股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2012010054A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012010054A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/493—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transformerless solar inverter topology based on MMC (Modular Multilevel Converter) modular multilevel inverter. Background technique
  • Photocells are the primary means of converting light energy into electrical energy.
  • Photovoltaic power generation systems typically employ a photovoltaic cell array of photovoltaic cells to achieve a higher input voltage to the grid-tied inverter.
  • Solar inverters also known as photovoltaic inverters, are conversion devices that convert light energy into electrical energy.
  • the solar inverter in the prior art inverts the DC voltage synthesized by the battery array into three-phase alternating current, and is sent to the power grid after passing through the transformer, and has the design method of the transformer, so that the equipment investment is large, the land occupation is large, the cost is high, and the production The cycle is long. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an MMC-based transformerless solar inverter topology, which does not need to be provided with a transformer on the grid side of the photovoltaic power generation system, and adopts a superposition of a plurality of standard power units to realize high voltage output; , space saving, simple structure and fast response.
  • a MMC-based transformerless solar inverter topology including a photocell array, a DC conversion circuit, an inverter composed of a plurality of standard power cells, and a DC voltage generated by the photocell array, converted into a stable DC by a DC conversion circuit
  • the three-phase AC voltage is synthesized by controlling the on and off of the switching devices of the respective power units, and directly reaches the high voltage output and is integrated into the power grid.
  • the power unit of the inverter adopts the MMC unit as the standard power unit, the standard power unit adopts the half bridge structure, the upper and lower IGBTs are connected in series, and then a DC capacitor is connected in parallel; each standard power unit is provided with a solar panel and a DC conversion circuit.
  • the DC voltage is supplied from the solar panel and converted to a stable DC voltage by a DC conversion circuit.
  • the inverter is three-phase, each phase consists of an even number of n standard power units, divided into two groups.
  • the number of standard power units in each group is n/2, and the number of output phase voltage levels is n/2+.
  • the line voltage level is n+1; the output of each phase is at the midpoint of the upper and lower sets of standard power units, and the output is connected with each unit by a coupled or uncoupled inductor.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a topology of a solar inverter
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a standard power unit of a solar inverter
  • Figure 3-1 is a current flow diagram of the power unit output state being 0 state
  • Figure 3-2 is a current flow diagram of the power unit output state being 0 state
  • Figure 4-1 is a current flow diagram of the power unit output state being 1 state
  • Figure 4-2 is a current flow diagram in which the power unit output state is 1. detailed description
  • a MMC-based transformerless solar inverter topology includes a photocell array, a DC conversion circuit, an inverter composed of a plurality of standard power cells, and a DC voltage generated by the photocell array, which is transformed by a DC conversion circuit.
  • a DC conversion circuit As the DC side voltage of each standard power unit in the inverter, by controlling the turn-on and turn-off of the switching devices of each power unit, the synthesis of the A, B, C three-phase AC voltage is realized directly.
  • the high voltage output is reached and directly integrated into the grid without a transformer.
  • the topology is based on a half-bridge series technology.
  • the power unit type is a modular multi-level modular multilevel converter, called the MMC standard power unit, which is a half-bridge structure. Can directly reach the high voltage output, directly into the grid, without the need for a transformer, making The cost is greatly reduced, the fan is saved, the structure and space of the transformer are saved, the transformer-related high-voltage cable is omitted, the structure is compact, the control is simple, and a new topology technology is provided for solar power generation.
  • MMC standard power unit which is a half-bridge structure.
  • the standard power unit of the inverter adopts a half-bridge structure, consisting of two switching devices IGBT and DC side capacitor C.
  • IGBT1 and B IGBT2 are connected in series, and then DC capacitor C, and IGBT1 and IGBT2 are respectively connected in parallel.
  • the common terminal of IGBT1 and IGBT2, the common terminal of capacitor C and IGBT2 is used as the output end of each unit, and is connected to other units.
  • Each standard power unit is equipped with a solar panel for photovoltaic power generation to provide DC voltage, and is converted to a stable DC voltage by a DC conversion circuit.
  • the inverter is three-phase, each phase consists of an even number of n standard power units, divided into two groups.
  • the number of standard power units in each group is n/2, and the number of output phase voltage levels is n/2+. l, the line voltage level is n+1; the output of each phase is at the midpoint of the upper and lower sets of standard power units, and the output is connected with each group of units with a coupled or uncoupled inductor L.
  • the inverter modulates the DC voltage synthesized on the DC side of the unit into an AC three-phase voltage, which is output from the three outputs and directly integrated into the grid.
  • the number of standard power units of each group of the inverter is called the number of inverter stages, and the number of inverter stages needs to be determined according to the actual situation.
  • IGBT1 to turn off IGBT2 is turned on as the 0 state of the cell, at which point the current can flow in the forward direction of IGBT2 (see Figure 3-1), or it can flow backward through parallel diode D2 (see Figure 3-2).
  • IGBT1 turn-on IGBT2 is turned off to the state of the cell, current can flow through diode D1 (see Figure 4-2), at this time the capacitor is charged; can also flow through IGBT1 (see Figure 4-1), at this time the capacitor discharge .
  • the inverter output voltage can reach the grid level, and the inverter will generate a voltage waveform synchronized with the grid according to the grid voltage and connect to the grid for power generation.
  • the array structure of the photovoltaic cells can be in the form of a concentrated type, a string type, a multi-string type, or the like.
  • the upper and lower arms of each phase are connected by a snubber reactance, which may be a coupled reactance or a non-coupled reactance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于模块化多电平变换器（MMC）的无变压器太阳能逆变器拓扑结构，包括光电池阵列、直流变换电路、由多个标准功率单元构成的逆变器。光电池阵列产生的直流电压，经直流变换电路变换为稳定的直流电压后，作为逆变器中的各个标准功率单元的直流侧电压。该逆变器通过控制各个功率单元开关器件的切换，实现三相交流高电压的输出，并入电网。该拓扑结构不用设置光伏发电系统并网侧的变压器，采用多个标准功率单元叠加，实现高压输出；并且成本低，布局紧凑，结构简单，反应速度快。

Description

基于模块化多电平变换器的无变压器太阳能逆变器拓扑结构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于 MMC (Modular Multilevel Converter)模块化多电平逆变器 的无变压器太阳能逆变器拓扑结构。 背景技术
在当前能源紧缺的时代，光伏发电作为可再生能源被普遍认可和大力发展。中国 对光能的开发相对落后， 技术正处于上升阶段， 中国的国土面积大， 太阳能年辐射量 超过 600kJ/cm2， 每年地表吸收的太阳能相当于 17万亿吨标准煤的能量， 因此具有很 好的发展前景。
光电池是将光能转化为电能的主要器件。光伏发电系统通常采用若干光电池组成 的光电池阵列， 以达到并网逆变器的较高输入电压。
太阳能逆变器又可称为光伏逆变器， 是将光能转化为电能的转换装置。 现有技 术中的太阳能逆变器是将电池阵列合成的直流电压逆变成三相交流电，经过变压器后 送入电网， 具有变压器的设计方式， 使设备投资大、 占地多， 成本高， 生产周期长。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于 MMC的无变压器太阳能逆变器拓扑结构，该拓扑 结构不用设置光伏发电系统并网侧的变压器，采用多个标准功率单元的叠加形式， 实 现高压输出； 成本低， 节省空间， 结构简单， 反应速度快。
为实现上述目的， 本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种基于 MMC的无变压器太阳能逆变器拓扑结构， 包括光电池阵列、直流变换 电路、 由多个标准功率单元构成的逆变器， 光电池阵列产生的直流电压， 经直流变换 电路变换为稳定的直流电压后， 作为逆变器中的各个标准功率单元的直流侧电压，通 过控制各个功率单元开关器件的导通与关断， 实现三相交流电压的合成， 直接达到高 压输出， 并入电网。
逆变器的功率单元采用 MMC单元作为标准功率单元，标准功率单元采用半桥结 构， 上下两个 IGBT串联， 再并联一个直流电容； 每个标准功率单元均设有太阳能电 池板和直流变换电路， 由太阳能电池板提供直流电压， 经直流变换电路转换为稳定的 直流电压。 逆变器为三相， 每相由偶数 n个标准功率单元组成， 分为上下两组， 每组的标准 功率单元个数为 n/2个， 输出相电压电平阶梯数为 n/2+l， 线电压电平数为 n+1 ; 每 相的输出端为上下两组标准功率单元的中点处，且输出端与每组单元之间以耦合或非 耦合电感连接。
与现有技术相比， 本发明的有益效果是：
1， 无变压器配置， 使得设备成本降低 1/2。
2， 无变压器配置， 使得设备体积减少 1/2。
3， 无变压器配置， 使得设备重量减少 1/2。
4， 无变压器配置， 使得设备制造周期减少 1/2。
5， 无变压器配置， 省掉了承载变压器的结构与空间。
6， 无变压器配置， 省掉了连接变压器的高压电缆。
7， 无变压器配置， 使得运输便利程度大大增强。
8， 采用新型的 MMC标准功率单元， 控制策略简单可靠。 附图说明
图 1是太阳能逆变器的拓扑结构示意图；
图 2是太阳能逆变器的标准功率单元示意图；
图 3-1是功率单元输出状态为 0状态的电流流向图；
图 3-2是功率单元输出状态为 0状态的电流流向图；
图 4-1是功率单元输出状态为 1状态的电流流向图；
图 4-2是功率单元输出状态为 1状态的电流流向图。 具体实施方式
见图 1， 一种基于 MMC的无变压器太阳能逆变器拓扑结构， 包括光电池阵列、 直流变换电路、 由多个标准功率单元构成的逆变器， 光电池阵列产生的直流电压， 经 直流变换电路变换为稳定的直流电压后，作为逆变器中的各个标准功率单元的直流侧 电压， 通过控制各个功率单元开关器件的导通与关断， 实现 A、 B、 C三相交流电压 的合成，直接达到高压输出，不经过变压器直接并入电网。该拓扑基于半桥串联技术， 采用的功率单元类型为模块化多电平 modular multilevel converter,称为 MMC标准功 率单元， 为半桥结构。 可以直接达到高压输出， 直接并入电网， 不需要变压器， 使得 成本大大降低， 省掉了风机， 承载变压器的结构与空间， 省掉了变压器相关的高压电 缆， 结构紧凑， 控制简捷， 为太阳能发电提供了一种新的拓扑技术。
见图 2， 逆变器的标准功率单元采用半桥结构， 由两个开关器件 IGBT和直流侧 电容 C组成， IGBT1禾 B IGBT2相串联， 再并以直流电容 C， 并且 IGBT1和 IGBT2 分别并联一个反接二极管 Dl， D2。 IGBT1与 IGBT2的公共端， 电容 C与 IGBT2的 公共端作为每个单元的输出端， 与其他单元相连。每个标准功率单元均设有太阳能电 池板进行光伏发电提供直流电压， 并采用直流变换电路变换为为稳定的直流电压。
逆变器为三相， 每相由偶数 n个标准功率单元组成， 分为上下两组， 每组的标准 功率单元个数为 n/2个， 输出相电压电平阶梯数为 n/2+l， 线电压电平数为 n+1 ; 每 相的输出端为上下两组标准功率单元的中点处，且输出端与每组单元之间以耦合或非 耦合电感 L连接。逆变器将单元直流侧合成的直流电压调制成交流的三相电压， 由三 个输出端输出， 直接并入电网。 逆变器的每组的标准功率单元个数称为逆变器级数， 逆变器级数根据具体的实际情况需要确定。
控制 IGBT的栅极电压使其导通或者关断， 可以使单元具有不同的电路状态。 定 义 IGBT1关断， IGBT2导通为单元的 0状态， 此时电流可以经 IGBT2正向流过 （见 图 3-1 )， 也可以经并联二极管 D2反向流过 （见图 3-2)。 定义 IGBT1导通， IGBT2 关断为单元的 1状态， 电流可以流经二极管 D1 (见图 4-2)， 此时电容充电； 也可以 流经 IGBT1 (见图 4-1 )， 此时电容放电。
若变频器级数选择适当，变频器输出电压可达到电网级别，变频器将根据电网电 压发出与电网同步的电压波形， 并网发电。
光伏电池的阵列结构可以为集中型， 串型， 多串集中型等形式。 没有并网的升压 变压器， 也没有与变压器相关的风机、 高压电缆、 辅助电路， 不需要承载变压器的结 构与空间。 每相上下桥臂由缓冲电抗相连， 此电抗可为耦合电抗或者非耦合电抗。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种基于 MMC的无变压器太阳能逆变器拓扑结构， 其特征在于， 包括光电 池阵列、 直流变换电路、 由多个标准功率单元构成的逆变器， 光电池阵列产生的直流 电压， 经直流变换电路变换为稳定的直流电压后， 作为逆变器中的各个标准功率单元 的直流侧电压，通过控制各个功率单元开关器件的导通与关断， 实现三相交流电压的 合成， 直接达到高压输出， 并入电网。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种基于 MMC的无变压器太阳能逆变器拓扑结构， 其特征在于， 逆变器的功率单元采用 MMC单元作为标准功率单元， 标准功率单元采 用半桥结构， 上下两个 IGBT串联， 再并联一个直流电容； 每个标准功率单元均设有 太阳能电池板和直流变换电路， 由太阳能电池板提供直流电压， 经直流变换电路转换 为稳定的直流电压。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的一种基于 MMC的无变压器太阳能逆变器拓扑结构， 其特征在于， 逆变器为三相， 每相由偶数 n个标准功率单元组成， 分为上下两组， 每 组的标准功率单元个数为 n/2个， 输出相电压电平阶梯数为 n/2+l， 线电压电平数为 n+1 ; 每相的输出端为上下两组标准功率单元的中点处， 且输出端与每组单元之间以 耦合或非耦合电感连接。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种基于 MMC的无变压器太阳能逆变器拓扑结构， 其特征在于， 所述的光电池阵列采用太阳能电池板构成。
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