WO2012009952A1 - 关于基因表达的rna测序质控方法及装置 - Google Patents
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- G16B25/10—Gene or protein expression profiling; Expression-ratio estimation or normalisation
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- the invention relates to the field of biotechnology, in particular to a method and a device for controlling the quality of RNA ( Ribo Nucleic Acid) sequencing of gene expression.
- Background technique Ribo Nucleic Acid
- Gene expression refers to the process by which the gene fragment deoxyribonucleic acid is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and mRNA is translated into protein.
- HGP Human Genome Project
- postgenome Era postgenome era
- the function of the corresponding genes in the organism is studied, and the mechanism of multi-gene synergy at different levels is elucidated, and then major diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases in humans are clarified.
- Research on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment, drug development and other aspects play a huge role. It will greatly advance the genome research projects of the human structural genome and functional genome.
- Gene expression has been analyzed based on molecular hybridization methods, from classical nucleic acid hybridization methods (southern, northern blotting) to current gene chip technology, using known nucleic acid sequences as probes and complementary target nucleosides. Acid sequence hybridization is performed for qualitative and quantitative analysis by subsequent signal detection.
- the invention of a new generation of high-throughput sequencing technology is epoch-making for the study of biology, especially genomics, and its high-throughput makes it possible to analyze the transcripts and genomes of a species in detail.
- Solexa sequencing technology high-throughput, low-cost sequencing is possible, and expression analysis based on Solexa sequencing technology avoids cross-hybridization, analytical model complexity, and sensitivity in chip technology compared to analog signals from chip technology.
- Low-level disadvantages due to the limitations of high-throughput sequencing read lengths, their use in de novo sequencing of unknown genomes is limited, and this work still requires traditional sequencing methods (read lengths up to 850) Base) assistance.
- RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis
- One technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an RNA sequencing quality control method and apparatus for gene expression, which provides a quality control scheme for gene sequencing by analyzing gene expression.
- One aspect of the present invention provides a quality control method for RNA sequencing of gene expression, comprising: performing digital gene expression analysis (DGE) and transcriptome analysis (RNA-Seq) on sequencing fragments obtained by sequencing technology, respectively.
- DGE digital gene expression analysis
- RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis
- the results of digital gene expression profiling and transcriptome analysis were performed with real-time quantitative PCR amplification (qPCR, Real-time Quantitative PCR Detecting System; PCR, Polymerase Chain Reaction, polymerase chain reaction) Correlation analysis;
- qPCR Real-time Quantitative PCR Detecting System
- PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction, polymerase chain reaction
- the method further comprises: performing high-throughput sequencing technology for RNA sequencing of gene expression; analyzing results and transcription of digital gene expression profiling The results of the group analysis were performed on the de-linker sequence and the de-low-quality sequence, respectively.
- gene expression of a sample fragment is sequenced multiple times by high-throughput sequencing technology, and data of multiple sequencing is averaged to obtain real-time Quantitative gene amplification results from fluorescence detection.
- the results of digital gene expression profiling and the results of transcriptome analysis are correlated with the results of real-time quantitative gene amplification fluorescence detection (qPCR), respectively.
- the analysis further includes: When the reference base When the time is not complete, the results of the digital gene expression analysis and the results of the transcriptome analysis are correlated with the results of the real-time quantitative gene amplification fluorescence detection; and/or the digital gene expression spectrum is compared in the case of the same sequencing amount.
- the results of the analysis and the number of genes detected by the results of the transcriptome analysis are correlated with the results of real-time quantitative gene amplification fluorescence detection.
- the results of the digital gene expression profiling and the results of the transcriptome analysis are respectively correlated with real-time quantitative gene amplification fluorescence detection.
- the steps of correlation analysis further include: cutting the reference genes from 3, end to 5, and trimming them into three parts; performing digital gene expression profiling and transcriptome analysis on the three reference genes; Correlation analysis was performed with the results of real-time quantitative gene amplification fluorescence detection.
- the steps of comparing the results of the digital gene expression profiling and the number of genes detected by the result of the transcriptome analysis are further Including: 3 million tag data (3M reads) from high-throughput sequencing for digital gene expression profiling and transcriptome analysis; 2 million tag data from high-throughput sequencing (2M reads) Digital gene expression profiling and transcriptome analysis; and/or 1 million reads of 1M reads from high-throughput sequencing sequences for digital gene expression profiling and transcriptome analysis In the case of the same amount of sequencing, compare the number of genes that can be detected by digital gene expression profiling and transcriptome analysis, respectively.
- one million tag data (1M reads) is selected from the analysis results obtained by the selected sequencing analysis method, and the sequencing stability of the gene expression is performed.
- the analysis step further includes: extracting one million tag data (1M reads) from the results of the digital gene expression profiling and correlating them with all of the digital gene expression profiling results; and/or analyzing the results from the transcriptome One million tag data (1M reads) was taken and correlated with all transcriptome analysis results.
- RNA sequencing of gene expression comprising: a gene expression measurement module for performing digital gene expression profiling (DGE) on a sequencing fragment obtained by sequencing technology, respectively Transcriptome analysis (RNA-Seq); correlation analysis module for correlation analysis of results of digital gene expression profiling and transcriptome analysis with real-time quantitative gene amplification fluorescence detection (qPCR); sequencing Analytical method selection module for judging the difference in quantitative expression of gene expression by digital gene expression profiling and transcriptome analysis based on correlation analysis results, and analyzing from digital gene expression profiling and A sequencing analysis method is selected for transcriptome analysis; a sequencing stability analysis module is used to select one million tag data (1M reads) from the analysis results obtained by the selected sequencing analysis method, and perform sequencing stability analysis of gene expression. .
- DGE digital gene expression profiling
- qPCR real-time quantitative gene amplification fluorescence detection
- sequencing Analytical method selection module for judging the difference in quantitative expression of gene expression by digital gene expression profiling and transcriptome analysis based on correlation analysis results, and analyzing from digital gene expression profiling and
- the correlation analysis module further comprises: a first correlation analysis sub-module, configured to: when the reference gene is incomplete, the reference gene is from the 3 end To the 5th, the average is cut into three parts; the three reference genes are subjected to digital gene expression profiling and transcriptome analysis respectively; and the obtained analysis results are respectively correlated with the results of real-time quantitative gene amplification fluorescence detection;
- Two million tagged data (2M reads) from high-throughput sequencing for digital gene expression profiling and transcriptome analysis and/or one million tagged data from high-throughput sequencing (1M reads) performing digital gene expression profiling and transcriptome analysis, respectively; In the case, the number of genes that can be detected by digital gene expression profiling and transcriptome analysis is compared.
- the sequencing stability analysis module further comprises: a first sequencing stability analysis sub-module, configured to extract one hundred from the results of the digital gene expression profiling analysis 10,000 tag data (1M reads) and correlation analysis with all digital gene expression profiling results; second sequencing stability analysis sub-module for extracting one million tag data from transcriptome analysis results (1M Reads ), and correlates it with all transcriptome analysis results.
- the invention provides a RA sequencing quality control method and device for gene expression, and performs correlation analysis and comprehensive evaluation on gene expression analysis means, thereby selecting a gene expression analysis method with high reliability and real reflecting the gene.
- the accuracy of sequencing ensures industrial feasibility and provides quality control solutions for production stability.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a quality control method for R A sequencing of gene expression according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the results of correlation analysis between the results of DGE analysis of two samples of the present invention and qPCR results, wherein FIG. 2(a) shows a schematic diagram of the results of DGE analysis of the sample UHRR and the analysis results of the qPCR results, 2 (b) shows a schematic diagram of the results of the DGE analysis of the sample HBRR and the analysis results of the qPCR results;
- Figure 3 is a graph showing the results of correlation analysis between the results of RNA-Seq analysis of two samples of the present invention and qPCR results, wherein Figure 3 (a) shows the results of RNA-Seq analysis of sample UHRR and analysis of qPCR results. The results are schematic, Figure 3 (b) shows the results of the RNA-Seq analysis of the sample HBRR and the analysis results of the qPCR results;
- Figure 4 is a flow chart showing another embodiment of the quality control method for RNA sequencing of gene expression provided by the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a graph showing the results of correlation analysis between the results of DGE analysis of the UHRR three-partial reference gene sequence of the present invention and the qPCR results, wherein Figure 5 (a) shows the results of the DGE analysis of the first segment of the sample UHRR. Schematic diagram of the analysis results with qPCR results, Figure 5 (b) shows the results of the DGE analysis of the second segment of the sample UHRR and the analysis results of the qPCR results, and Figure 5 (c) shows the DGE analysis of the third segment of the sample UHRR Schematic diagram of the results of the analysis and the results of the qPCR results;
- Figure 6 is a graph showing the results of correlation analysis between the results of RNA-Seq analysis of the UHRR three-part reference gene sequence of the present invention and qPCR results, wherein Figure 6 (a) shows the RNA of the first segment of the sample UHRR. Schematic diagram of the results of the Seq analysis and the results of the analysis of the qPCR results, Figure 6 (b) shows the results of the analysis of the RNA-Seq analysis of the second segment of the sample UHRR and the analysis results of the qPCR results, and Figure 6 (c) shows the sample UHRR A schematic diagram of the results of the third-stage RNA-Seq analysis and the analysis results of the qPCR results;
- Figure is a schematic diagram showing the number of genes detected by DGE and RNA-Seq at the same sequencing amount of the UHRR sample of the present invention
- Figure 8 is a flow chart showing another embodiment of the quality control method for R A sequencing of gene expression provided by the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a quality control device for RNA sequencing of gene expression according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 10 is a view showing the structure of another embodiment of the quality control device for RNA sequencing of gene expression provided by the present invention.
- Fig. 11 is a view showing the structure of another embodiment of the quality control device for RNA sequencing of gene expression provided by the present invention. detailed description
- FIG. 1 shows a quality control method for RNA sequencing of gene expression provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Flow chart of the law.
- a shield control method for RNA sequencing of gene expression 100 includes a step 102 of performing digital gene expression analysis (DGE) and transcriptome analysis (R A-Seq ) on the sequencing fragments obtained by the sequencing technique, respectively.
- the sequencing method can adopt high-throughput sequencing technology, for example, Illumina GA Solexa sequencing technology; Solexa is a novel sequencing method based on SBS (Sequencing-By-Synthesis), The single molecule array enables a bridge PCR reaction on a small cell (Flow Cell).
- the new reversible blocking technique allows for the synthesis of only one base at a time, without the need to label the fluorophore, and then uses the corresponding laser to excite the fluorophore to capture the excitation light, thereby reading the base information.
- the experiment can use the 36 Single End sequencing platform to perform double enzyme digestion and random interruption sequencing of RNA standard/experimental samples.
- step 104 the results of the digital gene expression analysis and the results of the transcriptome analysis are correlated with the results of real-time quantitative gene amplification fluorescence detection (qPCR), respectively. Further details on the correlation analysis between the results of DGE and RNA-Seq analysis and the results of qPCR will be given later.
- qPCR real-time quantitative gene amplification fluorescence detection
- Step 106 determine the difference in the quantitative expression of the digital gene expression analysis and the transcription component, and select a sequencing analysis method from the digital gene expression profiling and transcriptome analysis.
- comprehensive analysis of digital gene expression profiles and RNA-Seq differences in gene expression can, in particular, include comparison of digital gene expression and RNA-Seq analysis when analyzing normal sequencing amounts.
- Correlation of the results with qPCR results correlation of digital gene expression profiles and RNA-Seq analysis with qPCR results when analyzing reference gene incompleteness, and comparison of digital gene expression and RNA-Seq detection at the same sequencing amount At least one of the number of genes obtained. Based on the above comprehensive analysis results, the difference in gene expression between DGE and RNA-Seq was obtained, and a suitable sequencing method was selected.
- Step 108 Select one million tag data (1M reads) from the analysis results obtained by the selected sequencing analysis method, and perform sequencing stability analysis of the gene expression. For example, according to the above comprehensive analysis, if the gene expression obtained by the RNA-Seq analysis method is more quantitatively quantified (that is, the gene expression amount obtained by RNA-Seq is closer to the gene expression amount obtained by qPCR), the RNA-Seq analysis method is used. 1M reads are randomly selected from the obtained analysis results, and the correlation analysis is performed with all the transcriptome analysis results; the random selection method may completely disturb all the read reads, and then take out 1M from any one of them.
- the digital gene expression analysis (DGE) experimental part mainly includes: sample preparation experiments and sequencing experiments.
- the main reagent supplies are the Illumina Gene Expression Sample Prep Kit and the Solexa sequencing chip (flowcell), which are Illumina Cluster Station (Illumina) and Illumina Genome Analyzer (Illumina) systems.
- Nlalll or DpnII the production of the end can be achieved with two endonucleases: Nlalll or DpnII, usually we use Nlalll, which recognizes and cleaves the CATG site on the cDNA, and purifies the fragment with cDNA3 by magnetic bead precipitation, 5
- the end is connected to Illumina linker 1 (ie sequence: ACAGGTTCAGAGTTCTACAGTCCGACATG).
- the junction of Illumina linker 1 and the CATG site is the recognition site of Mmel, and Mmel is an endonuclease that separates the recognition site from the restriction site.
- the enzyme cuts the 17-bp downstream of the CATG site, thus producing Tag of connector 1. Remove 3 by magnetic bead precipitation, and then connect the Illumina connector at the end of Tag3.
- the (sequence) sequencing template was added to four fluorescently labeled four nucleotides and sequenced by sequencing by synthesis (SBS). Each channel will produce millions of original Reads, and the Read sequence will be 35 bp long.
- the mRNA of total RNA was enriched by the beads of OligodT, and reverse-transcribed into double-stranded cDNA.
- the 4 base recognition enzyme Nlalll was used to digest the double-stranded cDNA, link Illumina linker 1, and Mmel was used to cut 3, and 17 bp of base downstream of CATG. Base, and at the 3, end link Illumina connector 2.
- PCR amplification was performed by adding Primer GX1 and Primer GX2.
- RNA-Seq Transcriptome analysis
- dNTPs RNA polymerase I synthesize a second cDNA strand, which is then purified by QiaQuick PCR kit (manufactured by Qiagen) and eluted with EB buffer for end-repair and ligation of the sequencing link, followed by agarose gel The fragment size was selected by electrophoresis, and finally PCR amplification was performed, and the sequenced library was used for sequencing.
- Fig. 2 is a view showing the results of correlation analysis between the results of DGE analysis of the two samples of the present invention and the results of qPCR.
- the DGE data yield is 3M reads
- 3M reads can be randomly taken from the sample sequencing data to analyze the accuracy of the DGE results; the random selection method can completely disrupt all the reads obtained by sequencing, and then The 3M reads are arbitrarily taken out.
- UHRR and HBRR are RNA standard samples, the qPCR results of the RNA standard sample can be downloaded, and the sample sequencing data cannot be downloaded, and the self-sequencing is required.
- 2) shows a schematic diagram of the results of the DGE analysis of the sample UHRR and the results of the analysis of the qPCR results, and FIG.
- FIG. 2(b) shows a schematic diagram of the analysis results of the DGE analysis of the sample HBRR and the results of the qPCR results; wherein the UHRR used in the present invention is Stratagene The company's Universal Human Reference RNA ( UHRR ) standard, HBRR is Ambion's Human Brain Reference RNA ( HBRR ) standard.
- UHRR Universal Human Reference RNA
- HBRR Ambion's Human Brain Reference RNA
- the correlation coefficient between the DGE analysis result of the sample UHRR and the qPCR result is about 0.3.
- the correlation coefficient between the DGE analysis result of the sample HBRR and the qPCR result is about 0.53 (The number of genes that can be detected in DGE analysis for UHRR and HBRR samples is 716, and the number of genes that can be detected in qPCR for UHRR and HBRR samples is 687).
- RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis
- qPCR results mainly related to the calculation of RPKM (Reads Per Kb per Million reads) in RNA-Seq standard analysis, specifically: RNA-Seq standard analysis Algorithm for expressing RPKM in medium (see Mapping and quantifying mammalian transcriptomes by RNA-Seq, Ali Mortazavi et al., 30 May 2008, Nature Methods! Advance Online Publication is as follows:
- RPKM (A) is the expression level of gene A
- C is the only number of reads of gene A
- N is the only number of reads to the genome
- L is the number of gene A coding regions.
- Fig. 3 is a view showing the results of correlation analysis between the results of the RNA-Seq analysis of the two samples of the present invention and the qPCR results.
- the RNA-Seq data yield is 3M reads
- 3M reads can be randomly taken from the sample sequencing data to analyze the accuracy of the DGE results. The random selection method can completely disturb all the sequencing reads. , and then freely take out 3M of reads.
- Figure 3 (a) shows a schematic diagram of the results of the RNA-Seq analysis of the sample UHRR and the analysis results of the qPCR results
- Figure 3 (b) shows a schematic diagram of the results of the RNA-Seq analysis of the sample HBRR and the analysis results of the qPCR results
- the correlation coefficient between the RNA-Seq analysis of the sample UHRR and the qPCR result is about 0.91
- the correlation coefficient between the RNA-Seq analysis of the sample HBRR and the qPCR result is about 0.86 (where UHRR and HBRR samples are in the RNA-Seq analysis).
- the number of genes that can be detected is 872, and the number of genes that can be detected in qPCR for UHRR and HBRR samples is 851).
- 3M reads from samples UHRR and HBRR were analyzed for RNA-Seq and qPCR correlation, and the correlation coefficients of RNA-Seq and qPCR calculated using all the data were 0.91 and 0.86, respectively. It can be seen that for the amount of data for gene sequencing, it has little or no effect on the quantitative analysis of RNA-Seq.
- the results of the digital gene expression profiling and the transcriptome are performed before the DGE and RNA-Seq analysis steps are performed on the sequencing fragments obtained by the sequencing technique, respectively.
- the results of the analysis are respectively subjected to the de-linker sequence; further, the result of the de-splicing sequence may be subjected to de-low-quality sequence processing to obtain a clean tag that can be used for subsequent analysis.
- RNA sequencing of gene expression is sequenced multiple times by high-throughput sequencing technology, and data of multiple sequencing is averaged to obtain real-time Quantitative gene amplification results from fluorescence detection.
- the UHRR and HBRR samples were subjected to parallel experiments of multiple sequencing (e.g., 4 times), and the results of the four parallel experiments on the number of genes and the amount of gene expression were averaged as qPCR quantitative results.
- the quality control method for RNA sequencing of gene expression provided by the present invention is based on DGE and RNA-Seq analysis of the sequenced fragment, and the correlation between the results of the DGE and RNA-Seq analysis and the qPCR result is comprehensively divided, thereby selecting A suitable sequencing analysis method is used for sequencing stability analysis of gene expression.
- An embodiment of the quality control method for RNA sequencing of gene expression provided by the present invention can truly reflect the accuracy of gene sequencing, ensure industrial feasibility, and provide a quality control scheme for production stability.
- Figure 4 is a flow chart showing another embodiment of the quality control method for RNA sequencing of gene expression provided by the present invention.
- the quality control method 400 for RNA sequencing of gene expression includes steps 402, 404, 405, 406, 408, wherein steps 402, 406, and 408 can be performed separately and can be performed separately from those shown in FIG.
- the technical contents of the same or similar steps 102, 106 and 108 are for the sake of clarity, and the technical contents thereof will not be described herein.
- step 404 is performed, and when the reference gene is incomplete, the results of the digital gene expression analysis and the transcriptome analysis are correlated with the results of the real-time quantitative gene amplification fluorescence detection, respectively.
- the reference genes are all ligated nucleic acid sequences in the existing database (http: ⁇ www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ ). These cores are listed in many versions (by different research institutions, data centers, etc.). According to the technical level of each organization, the results of the release are different from the real situation of the genes, so there may be cases where the reference genes are incomplete or incomplete.
- Figure 5 is a graph showing the results of correlation analysis between the results of DGE analysis of the UHRR three-partial reference gene sequence of the present invention and the qPCR results, wherein Figure 5 (a) shows the results of the DGE analysis of the first segment of the sample UHRR.
- FIG. 5 Schematic diagram of the analysis results with qPCR results
- Figure 5 (b) shows the results of the DGE analysis of the second segment of the sample UHRR and the analysis results of the qPCR results
- Figure 5 (c) shows the results of the DGE analysis of the third segment of the sample UHRR and the analysis results of the qPCR results.
- the number of genes that can be detected in the DGE analysis are 774, 596 and 435, respectively.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of correlation analysis between the results of RNA-Seq analysis of the UHRR three-partial reference gene sequence of the present invention and qPCR results, wherein Figure 6 (a) shows the RNA of the first segment of the sample UHRR.
- FIG. 6 Schematic diagram of the results of the Seq analysis and the results of the analysis of the qPCR results
- Figure 6 (b) shows the results of the analysis of the RNA-Seq analysis of the second segment of the sample UHRR and the analysis results of the qPCR results
- Figure 6 (c) shows the sample UHRR
- the results of the third-stage RNA-Seq analysis and the results of the qPCR results are analyzed.
- the correlation coefficient between the RNA-Seq analysis and the qPCR results of the three-part sequence of the sample UHRR is about 0.85 0.91 and 0.84, respectively.
- the correlation coefficient between RNA-Seq and qPCR was 0.91 when the gene sequence was analyzed, and the number of genes that could be detected in the RNA-Seq analysis were 917, 911 and 896, respectively.
- DGE is unable to detect genes that do not contain the CATG (or GATC) site, and tends to obtain the tag closest to the 3' end of each mRNA as the tag of the mRNA, so it has stricter requirements on the reference gene.
- the incompleteness of the reference gene sequence has a great influence on the DGE result; while RNA-Seq is a random interruption of mRNA, so each mRNA can get a lot of tags, the dependence on the reference gene is not very strong, and the reference gene is incomplete. In the case of the case, relatively accurate expression amount information can also be obtained.
- the incomplete gene sequence has a great influence on the results of DGE analysis, but has little effect on the analysis results of RNA-Seq; that is, when the reference gene is incomplete, if DGE is used for analysis, it is preferred to use gene expression. 3, the beginning of the ⁇ section; and further, the gene fragment is preferably analyzed by RNA-Seq analysis.
- step 405 the number of genes detected by the results of the digital gene expression profiling and the results of the transcriptome analysis are compared in the case of the same amount of sequencing.
- comparing the number of genes detected by DGE and RNA-Seq can include: randomly extracting 3M reads from high-throughput sequencing sequences for digital gene expression And RNA-Seq analysis, randomly extracting 2M reads from high-throughput sequencing for digital gene expression profiling and RNA-Seq analysis, and randomly extracting 1M of reads from high-throughput sequencing fragments.
- RNA-Seq can detect about 1000 genes more than DGE at the same sequencing amount.
- Fig. 8 is a flow chart showing another embodiment of the quality control method for RNA sequencing of gene expression provided by the present invention.
- the quality control method 800 for RNA sequencing of gene expression includes steps 802, 804, 806, 808, 809, wherein steps 802, 804, 806 can be performed separately and can be performed separately with the steps shown in FIG. 102, 104, 106 the same or similar technical content, for the sake of cleanliness, the technical content will not be repeated here.
- step 808 is performed to randomly extract one million tag data (1M reads) from the results of the digital gene expression profiling and correlate them with all the digital gene expression profiling results. analysis.
- the random selection method may be to completely scramble all the reads obtained by sequencing, and then arbitrarily take out 1M reads from them.
- Step 809 randomly extracting one million tag data (1M reads) from the transcriptome analysis results and correlating them with all transcriptome analysis results.
- the random selection method may be to completely scramble all the reads obtained by sequencing, and then arbitrarily take out 1M reads from them.
- each lane is added to a known library (only about 1M reads), and the sequencing stability is detected by comparing the sequencing results of the known libraries.
- a 1M sequencing amount standard correlation analysis method a comparison table of two 1M sequencing amount standards UHRR and a repeated experimental sample UHRR are used, as shown in Table 1.
- Table 1 Data Correlation of 1M Sequencing Standards and Repetitive Experiments Table 1 shows that the analysis of the 1M sequencing amount standard and the repeated experiment data shows that the Gene correlation is either the Spearman correlation coefficient or the Pearson correlation coefficient. Very high; this shows that the sequencing results are normal and reliable, and it is feasible to use the standard to detect the stability of sequencing. It can provide quality control scheme for gene sequencing through analysis of gene expression. The use of 1M reads for gene expression control in RNA sequencing can assess production stability.
- RNA-Seq analysis method in the quality control scheme has the advantage of more accurately reflecting gene expression than DGE.
- Fig. 9 is a view showing the structure of a quality control device for RNA sequencing of gene expression according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a quality control device 900 for RNA sequencing of gene expression includes: a gene expression measurement module 902, a correlation analysis module 904, a sequencing analysis mode selection module 906, and a sequencing stability analysis module 908.
- the gene expression measuring module 902 is configured to perform digital gene expression profiling (DGE) and transcriptome analysis (RNA-Seq) on the sequencing fragments obtained by the sequencing technology;
- DGE digital gene expression profiling
- RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis
- a correlation analysis module 904 is used to correlate the results of the digital gene expression profiling and the results of the transcriptional component analysis with the results of real-time quantitative gene amplification fluorescence detection (qPCR).
- the sequencing analysis method selection module 906 is configured to determine the difference in the quantitative expression of the gene expression spectrum analysis and the transcriptome analysis according to the correlation analysis result, and select a sequencing analysis from the digital gene expression profiling and transcriptome analysis. the way.
- the sequencing stability analysis module 908 is configured to select one million tag data (1M reads) from the analysis results obtained by the selected sequencing analysis method, and perform sequencing stability analysis of the gene expression.
- Fig. 10 is a view showing the structure of another embodiment of the quality control device for RNA sequencing of gene expression provided by the present invention.
- a quality control device 1000 for RNA sequencing of gene expression includes: a gene expression measurement module 1002, a correlation analysis module 1004, a sequencing analysis mode selection module 1006, and a sequencing stability analysis module 1008, wherein the gene expression
- the measuring module 1002, the sequencing analysis mode selection module 1006, and the sequencing stability analysis module 1008 may be the same as FIG. 9
- the gene expression measurement module 902, the sequencing analysis mode selection module 906, and the sequencing stability analysis module 908 are shown to have the same or similar functional modules. For the sake of brevity, we will not repeat them here.
- the correlation analysis module 1004 further includes: a first correlation analysis sub-module and a second correlation analysis sub-module;
- the first correlation analysis sub-module 10041 is configured to cut the reference gene from 3, end to 5, and divide the reference gene into three parts when the reference gene is incomplete; perform digital gene expression profiling and transcriptome analysis on the three reference genes respectively. Correlation analysis was performed between the obtained analysis results and the results of real-time quantitative gene amplification fluorescence detection.
- a second correlation analysis sub-module 10042 configured to randomly extract 3 million tag data (3M reads) from the high-throughput sequencing sequence for digital gene expression profiling and transcriptome in the case of the same sequencing amount Analysis, randomly extracted 2 million tag data (2M reads) from high-throughput sequencing for digital gene expression profiling and transcriptome analysis; and/or random extraction from high-throughput sequencing One million tag data (1M reads) for digital gene expression profiling and transcriptome analysis, respectively; the random selection method may be to completely scramble all the read reads, and then take out a corresponding number of reads from any one. In the case of the same amount of sequencing, the number of genes detectable by the digital gene expression analysis and transcriptome analysis methods was compared, respectively.
- Fig. 11 is a view showing the structure of another embodiment of the quality control device for RNA sequencing of gene expression provided by the present invention.
- a quality control device 1100 for RNA sequencing of gene expression includes: a gene expression estimation module 1102, a correlation analysis module 1104, a sequencing analysis method selection module 1106, and a sequencing stability analysis module 1108.
- the gene expression calculation module 1102, the correlation analysis module 1104, and the sequencing analysis mode selection module 1106 may be the same or similar function modules as the gene expression measurement module 902, the correlation analysis module 904, and the sequencing analysis mode selection module 906 shown in FIG. . For the sake of cleanliness, I will not repeat them here.
- the sequencing stability analysis module 1108 further includes: a first sequencing stability analysis sub-module 11081 and a second sequencing stability analysis sub-module 11082, wherein
- the first sequencing stability analysis sub-module 11081 is configured to randomly extract one million tag data (1M reads) from the results of the digital gene expression profiling and correlate them with all the digital gene expression profiling results.
- the random selection method may be to completely scramble all the reads obtained by sequencing, and then arbitrarily take out 1M reads from them.
- the random selection method may be to completely confuse all the reads obtained by sequencing, and then arbitrarily take out 1M of the reads.
- the invention provides a quality control device for RNA sequencing of gene expression, analyzes a gene fragment by a gene expression measuring module, and selects a module through a correlation analysis module and a sequencing analysis method to perform correlation analysis and comprehensive evaluation, thereby selecting and having
- the highly reliable gene expression analysis method truly reflects the accuracy of gene sequencing and provides a quality control scheme for the stability of production.
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Description
关于基因表达的 RNA测序质控方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域, 尤其涉及一种关于基因表达的核糖核酸 ( RNA, RiboNucleic Acid )测序质控方法及装置。 背景技术
基因表达是指基因片段脱氧核糖核酸 ( DNA , Deoxyribonucleic acid ) 转录成信使核糖核酸(mRNA, Messenger RNA )及 mRNA翻译 成 蛋 白 质 的 过 程 。 随 着 人 类 基 因 组 计 划 ( HGP , Human Genome Project ) 全部核苷酸测序的完成, 人类基因组研究的重 心逐渐进入后基因组时代 ( Postgenome Era ) 向基因的功能及基因的多 样性倾斜。 通过对个体在不同生长发育阶段或不同生理状态下大量基因 表达的平行分析, 研究相应基因在生物体内的功能, 阐明不同层次多基 因协同作用的机理, 进而在人类重大疾病如癌症、 心血管疾病的发病机 理、 诊断治疗、 药物开发等方面的研究发挥巨大的作用。 它将大大推动 人类结构基因组及功能基因组的各项基因组研究计划。
一直以来, 基于分子杂交的方法对基因表达进行分析, 从经典的核 酸分子杂交方法 (southern , northern blotting ) 到目前的基因芯片技 术, 都是应用已知核酸序列作为探针与互补的靶核苷酸序列杂交, 通过 随后的信号检测进行定性与定量分析。
新一代高通量测序技术的发明对生物学特别是基因组学的研究来说 具有划时代的意义, 它的高通量性使得对一个物种的转录本和基因组进 行细致全貌的分析成为可能。 随着 Solexa 测序技术的出现, 使得高通 量, 低成本测序成为可能, 并且与芯片技术的模拟信号相比, 基于 Solexa 测序技术的表达分析避免了芯片技术中的交叉杂交、 分析模型复 杂以及灵敏度低等缺点; 但是, 由于高通量测序读长的限制, 使其在对 未知基因组进行从头测序 (de novo sequencing ) 的应用受到限制, 这部 分工作仍然需要传统测序手段(读取长度可达到 850 碱基) 的协助。 而 这并不影响高通量测序技术在 mRNA表达谱、 microRNA表达谱、 转录 组 测 序 、 染 色 体 免 疫 共 沉 淀 ( ChlP-chip , Chromatin
数字基因表达谱(DGE, Digital Gene Expression Profiling ) 和转录 组分析 (RNA-Seq ) 是利用新一代高通量测序技术和高性能计算分析技 术对某一物种特定组织和状态下的基因表达情况进行序列捕捉和精确解 析的新方法。 随着新一代测序技术的不断发展, 对基因表达的研究也会 更加深入, 因此, 需要对基因表达的分析手段进行相关性评估, 从而排 除由于分析手段自身的不准确或不稳定性所造成的分析误差, 从而选取 具有较高可靠性的基因表达分析手段, 以便真实反映基因测序的准确 性, 确保评估可靠, 从而保证产业可行性和生产的稳定性。 发明内容
本发明要解决的一个技术问题是提供一种关于基因表达的 RNA测序 质控方法及装置, 通过对基因表达的分析为基因测序提供质量控制方 案。
本发明的一个方面提供了一种关于基因表达的 RNA 测序的质控方 法, 该方法包括: 对测序技术得到的测序片段分别进行数字基因表达语 分析(DGE ) 和转录组分析(RNA-Seq ); 数字基因表达谱分析的结果和 转录组分析的结果分别与实时定量基因扩增荧光检测 (qPCR, Real-time Quantitative PCR Detecting System; 其中 PCR, Polymerase Chain Reaction, 聚合酶链式反应) 的结果进行相关性分析; 根据相关性分析结 果, 判断数字基因表达谱分析和转录组分析在基因表达定量上的差异, 并从数字基因表达谱分析和转录组分析中选取一种测序分析方式; 从所 选取的测序分析方式获取的分析结果中选取一百万标签数据 ( 1M reads ), 进行基因表达的测序稳定性分析。
本发明提供的关于基因表达的 RNA 测序的质控方法的一个实施例 中, 该方法还包括: 釆用高通量测序技术进行关于基因表达的 RNA 测 序; 对数字基因表达谱分析的结果和转录组分析的结果分别进行去接头 序列和去低质量序列的处理。
本发明提供的关于基因表达的 RNA 测序的质控方法的一个实施例 中, 通过高通量测序技术对样品片段的基因表达进行多次测序, 并对多 次测序的数据取平均值以获得实时定量基因扩增荧光检测的结果。
本发明提供的关于基因表达的 RNA 测序的质控方法的一个实施例 中, 数字基因表达谱分析的结果和转录组分析的结果分别与实时定量基 因扩增荧光检测 (qPCR ) 的结果进行相关性分析进一步包括: 当参考基
因不全时, 将数字基因表达醤分析的结果和转录组分析的结果分别与实 时定量基因扩增荧光检测的结果进行相关性分析; 和 /或 在相同测序量的 情况下, 比较数字基因表达谱分析的结果和转录组分析的结果检测到的基 因数。
本发明提供的关于基因表达的 RNA 测序的质控方法的一个实施例 中, 当参考基因不全时, 将数字基因表达谱分析的结果和转录組分析的 结果分别与实时定量基因扩增荧光检测的结果进行相关性分析的步骤进 一步包括: 将参考基因从 3,端到 5,端平均切成三份; 对三份参考基因分 别进行数字基因表达谱分析和转录组分析; 将所获得的分析结果分别与 实时定量基因扩增荧光检测的结果进行相关性分析。
本发明提供的关于基因表达的 RNA 测序的质控方法的一个实施例 中, 在相同测序量的情况下, 比较数字基因表达谱分析的结果和转录组分 析的结果检测到的基因数的步骤进一步包括: 从高通量测序得到的测序 片段中取出三百万标签数据 (3M reads )分别进行数字基因表达谱分析 和转录组分析; 从高通量测序得到的测序片段中取出两百万标签数据 ( 2M reads )分别进行数字基因表达谱分析和转录组分析; 和 /或 从高通 量测序得到的测序片段中取出一百万标签数据 (1M reads )分别进行数 字基因表达谱分析和转录组分析; 在相同测序量的情况下, 分别比较数 字基因表达谱分析和转录组分析方法能够检测到的基因数。
本发明提供的关于基因表达的 RNA 测序的质控方法的一个实施例 中, 从所选取的测序分析方式获取的分析结果中选取一百万标签数据 ( 1M reads ), 进行基因表达的测序稳定性分析的步骤进一步包括: 从数 字基因表达谱分析结果中取出一百万标签数据(1M reads ), 并将其与全 部的数字基因表达谱分析结果进行相关性分析; 和 /或 从转录组分析结果 中取出一百万标签数据(1M reads ), 并将其与全部的转录组分析结果进 行相关性分析。
本发明的另一个方面提供了一种关于基因表达的 RNA测序的质控装 置, 该装置包括: 基因表达测算模块, 用于对测序技术得到的测序片段 分别进行数字基因表达谱分析(DGE )和转录组分析(RNA-Seq ); 相关 性分析模块, 用于将数字基因表达谱分析的结果和转录组分析的结果分 别与实时定量基因扩增荧光检测 (qPCR ) 的结果进行相关性分析; 测序 分析方式选取模块, 用于根据相关性分析结果, 判断数字基因表达谱分 析和转录组分析在基因表达定量上的差异, 并从数字基因表达谱分析和
转录组分析中选取一种测序分析方式; 测序稳定性分析模块, 用于从所 选取的测序分析方式获取的分析结果中选取一百万标签数据 ( 1M reads ), 进行基因表达的测序稳定性分析。
本发明提供的关于基因表达的 RNA 测序的质控装置的一个实施例 中, 相关性分析模块进一步包括: 第一相关性分析子模块, 用于当参考 基因不全时, 将参考基因从 3,端到 5,端平均切成三份; 对三份参考基因 分别进行数字基因表达谱分析和转录组分析; 将所获得的分析结果分别 与实时定量基因扩增荧光检测的结果进行相关性分析; 第二相关性分析 子模块, 用于在相同测序量的情况下, 从高通量测序得到的测序片段中取 出三百万标签数据 (3M reads ) 分别进行数字基因表达谱分析和转录组 分析, 从高通量测序得到的测序片段中取出两百万标签数据 ( 2M reads ) 分别进行数字基因表达谱分析和转录组分析; 和 /或 从高通量测 序得到的测序片段中取出一百万标签数据 (1M reads ) 分别进行数字基 因表达谱分析和转录组分析; 以及在相同测序量的情况下, 分别比较数 字基因表达谱分析和转录组分析方法能够检测到的基因数。
本发明提供的关于基因表达的 RNA 测序的质控装置的一个实施例 中, 测序稳定性分析模块进一步包括: 第一测序稳定性分析子模块, 用 于从数字基因表达谱分析结果中取出一百万标签数据 (1M reads ), 并将 其与全部的数字基因表达谱分析结果进行相关性分析; 第二测序稳定性 分析子模块, 用于从转录组分析结果中取出一百万标签数据 ( 1M reads ), 并将其与全部的转录组分析结果进行相关性分析。
本发明提供了一种关于基因表达的 R A 测序质控方法及装置, 通过 对基因表达的分析手段进行相关性分析和综合性评估, 从而选取具有较 高可靠性的基因表达分析手段, 真实反映基因测序的准确性, 保证产业 可行性, 为生产的稳定性提供质量控制方案。 附图说明
图 1示出本发明实施例提供的一种关于基因表达的 R A测序的质控方 法的流程图;
图 2示出了本发明两样品的 DGE分析的结果与 qPCR结果的相关性分 析结果的示意图, 其中图 2 ( a )示出了样品 UHRR的 DGE分析的结果与 qPCR结果的分析结果示意图, 图 2 ( b )示出了样品 HBRR的 DGE分析的 结果与 qPCR结果的分析结果示意图;
图 3示出了本发明两样品的 RNA-Seq分析的结果与 qPCR结果的相关 性分析结果的示意图, 其中图 3 ( a )示出了样品 UHRR的 RNA-Seq分析的 结果与 qPCR 结果的分析结果示意图, 图 3 ( b ) 示出了样品 HBRR 的 RNA-Seq分析的结果与 qPCR结果的分析结果示意图;
图 4示出本发明提供的关于基因表达的 RNA测序的质控方法的另一个 实施例的流程图;
图 5示出了本发明样品 UHRR三等分参考基因序列的 DGE分析的 结果与 qPCR结果的相关性分析结果的示意图, 其中图 5 ( a ) 示出了样 品 UHRR第一段的 DGE分析的结果与 qPCR结果的分析结果示意图, 图 5 ( b ) 示出了样品 UHRR第二段的 DGE分析的结果与 qPCR结果的 分析结果示意图, 图 5 ( c ) 示出了样品 UHRR第三段的 DGE分析的结 果与 qPCR结果的分析结果示意图;
图 6示出了本发明样品 UHRR三等分参考基因序列的 RNA-Seq分析 的结果与 qPCR结果的相关性分析结果的示意图, 其中图 6 ( a ) 示出了 样品 UHRR第一段的 RNA-Seq分析的结果与 qPCR结果的分析结果示 意图, 图 6 ( b ) 示出了样品 UHRR 第二段的 RNA-Seq 分析的结果与 qPCR 结果的分析结果示意图, 图 6 ( c ) 示出了样品 UHRR 第三段的 RNA-Seq分析的结果与 qPCR结果的分析结果示意图;
图 ,是本发明样品 UHRR在相同测序量下, DGE和 RNA-Seq检测 到的基因数的示意图;
图 8示出本发明提供的关于基因表达的 R A测序的质控方法的另一个 实施例的流程图;
图 9示出本发明实施例提供的一种关于基因表达的 RNA测序的质控 装置的结构示意图;
图 10示出本发明提供的关于基因表达的 RNA测序的质控装置的另一 个实施例的结构示意图;
图 11示出本发明提供的关于基因表达的 RNA测序的质控装置的另一 个实施例的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
下面参照附图用本发明的示例性实施例对本发明进行更全面的描述及说 明。
图 1示出本发明实施例提供的一种关于基因表达的 RNA测序的质控方
法的流程图。
如图 1 所示, 关于基因表达的 RNA测序的盾控方法 100 包括步骤 102, 对测序技术得到的测序片段分别进行数字基因表达傳分析(DGE )和 转录组分析( R A-Seq )。 本发明实施例中, 测序方法可以采用高通量测序 技术, 例如采用 Illumina GA Solexa测序技术; Solexa是一种基于边合成边 测序技术(SBS, Sequencing-By-Synthesis ) 的新型测序方法, 通过利用单 分子阵列实现在小型芯片 (Flow Cell )上进行桥式 PCR反应。 新的可逆阻 断技术可实现每次只合成一个碱基, 不需要标记荧光基团, 再利用相应的激 光激发荧光基团捕获激发光, 从而读取碱基信息。 实验可以釆用 36 Single End测序平台, 对 RNA标准品 /实验样品分别进行双酶切测序和随机打断测 序。
步骤 104, 数字基因表达讲分析的结果和转录组分析的结果分别与实时 定量基因扩增荧光检测(qPCR )的结果进行相关性分析。 稍后对关于 DGE 和 RNA-Seq分析的结果与 qPCR的结果的相关性分析方法做进一步的详细 介绍。
步骤 106, 根据相关性分析结果, 判断数字基因表达傳分析和转录组分 析在基因表达定量上的差异, 并从数字基因表达谱分析和转录组分析中选取 一种测序分析方式。 例如, 综合分析数字基因表达谱和 RNA-Seq在基因表 达定量(涉及基因数和基因表达量)上的差异, 具体来说, 可以包括分析正 常测序量时比较数字基因表达傳和 RNA-Seq分析的结果与 qPCR结果的相 关性, 分析参考基因不全时比较数字基因表达谱和 RNA-Seq分析的结果与 qPCR结果的相关性, 以及在相同测序量下比较数字基因表达傳和 RNA-Seq 能检测到的基因数中的至少任意一种方式。 根据前述综合分析结果, 得出 DGE和 RNA-Seq在基因表达定量上的差异, 从而选取合适的测序分析方 式。
步骤 108, 从所选取的测序分析方式获取的分析结果中选取一百万标签 数据 ( 1M reads ), 进行基因表达的测序稳定性分析。 例如, 根据前述综合 分析, 如果 RNA-Seq分析方式所获取的基因表达定量更为准确 (即 RNA- Seq得到的基因表达量更接近于 qPCR得到的基因表达量), 则从 RNA-Seq 分析方式所获取的分析结果中随机选取 1M reads, 并将其与全部的转录组分 析结果进行相关性分析; 所述随机的选取方式可以是将所有测序得到的 read 完全打乱, 再从中任意取出 1M的 reads; 如果 DGE和 RNA-Seq分析 方式所获取的基因表达定量相当, 则可以从中任选一种, 以所选取的方式所
获得的分析结果中选取 1M reads, 并将其与全部的转录组分析结果进行相关 性分析; 从而根据分析结果对生产测序的稳定性进行检测和评估以确保测序 工作的准确性(其中关于 "检测和评估" 主要是通过分析测序结果的重复 性, 由于 1M reads 的基因数目和表达量是确定的, 如果某次测序与确定结 果重复性不好就说明该次测序不稳定不正确)。
数字基因表达语分析 ( DGE ) 实验部分主要包括: 样本制备实验和测序 实验。 主要试剂耗材为 Illumina Gene Expression Sample Prep Kit和 Solexa 测序芯片 ( flowcell ), 主^ 器是 Illumina Cluster Station ( Illumina公司) 和 Illumina Genome Analyzer ( Illumina公司 ) 系统。 具体实验流程: 提取 6 g总 R A, 利用 Oligo(dT)磁珠吸附纯化 mRNA, 并以 Oligo(dT)引导反 转录合成双链 cDNA。 标签 5,末端的产生可用两种内切酶实现: Nlalll或者 DpnII, 通常我们使用 Nlalll, 它识别并切断 cDNA上的 CATG位点, 利用 磁珠沉淀纯化带有 cDNA3,端的片段, 将其 5,末端连接 Illumina接头 1 (即 序列: ACAGGTTCAGAGTTCTACAGTCCGACATG )。 Illumina接头 1与 CATG位点的结合处是 Mmel的识别位点, Mmel是一种识别位点与酶切位 点分离的内切酶, 酶切 CATG位点下游 17bp处, 这样就产生了带有接头 1 的 Tag。 通过磁珠沉淀去除 3,片段后, 在 Tag3,末端连接 Illumina接头 2
(即序列: CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGANN ), 从而获得两端连有不同 接头序列的 21bp标签 library. 经过 15个循环的 PCR线性扩增后, 通过 6%TBE PAGE胶电泳纯化 85碱基条带, 解链后, 单链分子被加到 Solexa 测序芯片 (flowcell )上并固定, 每条分子经过原位扩增成为一个单分子簇
( cluster )测序模板, 加入 4色荧光标记的 4种核苷酸, 采用边合成边测序 法 (sequencing by synthesis, SBS ) 测序。 每个通道将产生数百万条原始 Read, Read的测序读长为 35bp。 利用 OligodT的 beads富集总 RNA 中 mRNA, 并逆转录为双链 cDNA, 釆用 4 碱基识别酶 Nlalll, 酶切双链 cDNA, 链接 Illumina接头 1, 利用 Mmel酶切 3,端 CATG下游 17bp碱 基, 并在 3,端链接 Illumina接头 2。 再加入 Primer GX1和 Primer GX2进 行 PCR扩增。 扩增后样本通过 6% TBE PAGE胶回收 85碱基条带, 纯化后 通过 Illumina基因表达测序法测序。 转录组分析 ( RNA-Seq ) 实验部分测序 基本过程包括: 提取样品总 RNA后, 用带有 Oligo(dT)的磁珠富集真核生物 mRNA (若为原核生物, 则用试剂盒去除 rRNA 后进入下一步)。 加入 fragmentation buffer将 mRNA打断成短片段, 以 mRNA为模板, 用六 随机引物 (random hexamers )合成第一条 cDNA链, 然后加入緩冲液、
dNTPs、 RNase H 和 DNA polymerase I合成第二条 cDNA 链, 再经过 QiaQuick PCR试剂盒( Qiagen公司生产)纯化并加 EB緩冲液洗脱之后做 末端修复并连接测序接头, 然后用琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行片段大小选择, 最后 进行 PCR扩增, 使用建好的测序文库进行测序。
接下来对 DGE和 R A-Seq分析的结果与 qPCR的结果的相关性分析 方法做伴细介绍:
数字基因表达语分析 ( DGE )的结果与 qPCR的结果的相关性分析, 主 要涉及 DGE标准分析中表达量 TPM ( Transcripts Per Million clean reads ) 的计算方式, 具体来说: TPM =每个基因包含的原始 Clean Tags t/该样本 中总 clean Tags 数 x 1,000,000 (参见 Deep sequencing-based expression analysis shows major advances in robustness, resolution and inter-lab portability over five microarray platforms, Peter A.C. 't Hoen, Yavuz Ariyurek, et al" Nucleic Acids Research, 15 October 2008, Vol.36, No.21 )。
图 2示出了本发明两样品的 DGE分析的结果与 qPCR结果的相关性分 析结果的示意图。 通常来说, 如 DGE数据产量为 3M reads, 可以随机从样 品测序数据中取 3M reads来进行 DGE结果准确性的分析; 所述随机的选取 方式可以是将所有测序得到的 reads 完全打乱, 再从中任意取出 3M 的 reads. 由于 UHRR和 HBRR是 RNA标准样品, 能下载获取的是该 RNA 标准样品的 qPCR结果, 而样品测序数据是不能下载的, 需要自行进行测 序。 图 2 )示出了样品 UHRR的 DGE分析结果与 qPCR结果的分析结 果示意图, 图 2 ( b )示出了样品 HBRR的 DGE分析结果与 qPCR结果的 分析结果示意图; 其中本发明使用的 UHRR是 Stratagene公司的 Universal Human Reference RNA ( UHRR ) 标准品, HBRR 是 Ambion 公司的 Human Brain Reference RNA ( HBRR )标准品。 如图 2 ( a )所示, 样品 UHRR的 DGE分析的结果与 qPCR结果的相关系数约为 0.3, 如图 2 ( b ) 所示, 样品 HBRR的 DGE分析的结果与 qPCR结果的相关系数约为 0.53 (其中 UHRR和 HBRR样品在 DGE分析中能检测到的基因数都是 716, UHRR和 HBRR样品在 qPCR 中能检测到的基因数都是 687 )。
转录组分析 ( RNA-Seq ) 的结果与 qPCR结果的相关性分析, 主要涉及 RNA-Seq标准分析中表达量 RPKM ( Reads Per Kb per Million reads ) 的计 算方式, 具体来说: RNA-Seq 标准分析中表达量 RPKM 的算法 (参见 Mapping and quantifying mammalian transcriptomes by RNA-Seq, Ali Mortazavi et al. , 30 May 2008, Nature Methods! Advance Online
Publication 如下所示:
其中, RPKM(A)是关于基因 A的表达量, C为唯一比对到基因 A的 reads数, N为唯一比对到基因组的总 reads数, L为基因 A编码区的 ½ 数。
图 3示出了本发明两样品的 RNA-Seq分析的结果与 qPCR结果的相关 性分析结果的示意图。 通常来说, 如 RNA-Seq数据产量为 3M reads, 可以 从样品测序数据中随机取 3M reads来进行 DGE结果准确性的分析, 所述随 机的选取方式可以是将所有测序得到的 reads 完全打乱, 再从中任意取出 3M 的 reads。 图 3 ( a ) 示出了样品 UHRR 的 RNA-Seq 分析的结果与 qPCR结果的分析结果示意图, 图 3 ( b )示出了样品 HBRR的 RNA-Seq分 析的结果与 qPCR结果的分析结果示意图; 其中样品 UHRR的 RNA-Seq分 析的结果与 qPCR结果的相关系数约为 0.91, 样品 HBRR的 RNA-Seq分析 的结果与 qPCR结果的相关系数约为 0.86 (其中 UHRR和 HBRR样品在 RNA-Seq 分析中能检测到的基因数都是 872, UHRR 和 HBRR 样品在 qPCR 中能检测到的基因数都是 851 )。 此外, 需要说明的是: 从样品 UHRR和 HBRR中抽取 3M reads进行 RNA-Seq与 qPCR相关性分析, 与 用全部数据计算得到的 RNA-Seq和 qPCR的相关系数相同, 都分别是 0.91 和 0.86。 由此可见, 对于基因测序的数据量来说, 其对 RNA-Seq 的定量分 析几无影响或者说影响甚微。
本发明提供的关于基因表达的 RNA 测序的质控方法的一个实施例 中, 在对测序技术得到的测序片段分别进行 DGE和 RNA-Seq分析步骤 之前, 对数字基因表达谱分析的结果和转录组分析的结果分别进行去接 头序列; 进一步地, 也可以对去接头序列的结果再进行去低质量序列的 处理, 从而获取能够用于标签的数据(clean tag ) 以进行后续分析。
本发明提供的关于基因表达的 RNA 测序的质控方法的一个实施例 中, 通过高通量测序技术对样品片段的基因表达进行多次测序, 并对多 次测序的数据取平均值以获得实时定量基因扩增荧光检测的结果。 例 如, UHRR和 HBRR样品的 qPCR数据是从 GEO (高通量基因表达, Gene Expression Omnibus ) 上下栽的, 具体来说其下载路径: http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/geo/quer /acc.cgi?acc=GSE5350 , 其 中
UHRR的 accession number是 GSM129638, 公开日是 2006年 9 月 8 日; HBRR的 accession number是 GSM129645, 公开日是 2006年 9月 8 日。 对 UHRR和 HBRR样品分别进行多次测序 (如 4次) 的平行实验, 并对该 4 次平行实验的关于基因数和基因表达量的结果取平均值以作为 qPCR定量结果。
本发明提供的关于基因表达的 RNA测序的质控方法, 基于对测序片 段进行 DGE和 RNA-Seq分析, 并对 DGE和 RNA-Seq分析的结果与 qPCR 结果进行相关性的综合分折, 从而选取适宜的测序分析方式进行基因表达 的测序稳定性分析。 通过本发明提供的关于基因表达的 RNA测序的质控 方法的一个实施例, 其能够真实反映基因测序的准确性, 保证产业可行 性, 为生产的稳定性提供质量控制方案。
图 4示出本发明提供的关于基因表达的 RNA测序的质控方法的另一个 实施例的流程图。
如图 4 所示, 关于基因表达的 RNA 测序的质控方法 400 包括步骤 402、 404、 405、 406、 408, 其中步楝 402、 406和 408可以分别执行与可以 分别执行与图 1所示的步驟 102、 106和 108相同或相似的技术内容, 为筒 洁起见, 这里不再赘述其技术内容。
如图 4所示, 在步骤 402后, 执行步骤 404, 当参考基因不全时, 将数 字基因表达傳分析的结果和转录组分析的结果分别与实时定量基因扩增荧光 检测的结果进行相关性分析。 参考基因都是现有数据库中已经拼接好的核酸 序列 (http:〃 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ ), 这些核^^列有艮多版本(由不同的 研究机构, 数据中心等等单位发布的), 每个机构由于其技术水平的限制, 所以发布的结果与基因的真实情况是有不同的, 因此可能存在参考基因不全 或不完整的情形。 例如, 在用 DGE分析的结果和 RNA-Seq分析的结果分 别与实时定量基因扩增荧光检测 (qPCR ) 的结果进行相关性分析时, 当 参考基因不全 /不完整时, 可以采用如下方式进行相关性的分析。
具体来说, 在非模式生物中, 有理由怀疑参考基因序列的不全会造 成 DGE 定量不准确; 首先, 将完整的参考基因序列 (如 NCBI 中人的 refseq 基因)从 3,端开始进行三等分, 然后将三等分的基因序列当作完 整的参考基因序列, 分别进行 DGE分析的结果与 qPCR结果的相关性分 析。 图 5示出了本发明样品 UHRR三等分参考基因序列的 DGE分析的 结果与 qPCR结果的相关性分析结果的示意图, 其中图 5 ( a ) 示出了样 品 UHRR第一段的 DGE分析的结果与 qPCR结果的分析结果示意图,
图 5 ( b ) 示出了样品 UHRR第二段的 DGE分析的结果与 qPCR结果的 分析结果示意图, 图 5 ( c ) 示出了样品 UHRR第三段的 DGE分析的结 果与 qPCR结果的分析结果示意图; 分析发现样品 UHRR的这三部分序 列, 其 DGE分析结果与 qPCR结果的相关系数分别约为 0.71, 0.39和 0.33 (用完整基因序列作分析时 DGE分析结果与 qPCR结果的相关系数 为 0.76 ), 其在 DGE分析中能检测到的基因数分别是 774, 596和 435。 同样地, 对于采用 RNA-Seq分析方式进行基因序列表达的, 也是先将完 整的参考基因序列从 3,端开始进行三等分, 然后将三等分的基因序列当 作完整的参考基因序列, 分别进行 RNA-Seq与 qPCR相关性分析。 图 6 示出了本发明样品 UHRR三等分参考基因序列的 RNA-Seq分析的结果与 qPCR 结果的相关性分析结果的示意图, 其中图 6 ( a ) 示出了样品 UHRR第一段的 RNA-Seq分析的结果与 qPCR结果的分析结果示意图, 图 6 ( b ) 示出了样品 UHRR第二段的 RNA-Seq分析的结果与 qPCR结 果的分析结果示意图, 图 6 ( c ) 示出了样品 UHRR 第三段的 RNA-Seq 分析的结果与 qPCR结果的分析结果示意图; 分析发现样品 UHRR的这 三部分序列, 其 RNA-Seq 分析结果与 qPCR 结果的相关系数分别约为 0.85 0.91和 0.84 (用完整基因序列作分析时 RNA-Seq与 qPCR的相关 系数为 0.91 ), 其在 RNA-Seq分析中能检测到的基因数分别是 917、 911 和 896。
DGE 由于其自身的缺点, 它无法检测出不含 CATG (或 GATC )位 点的基因, 倾向于得到每条 mRNA 最靠近 3,端的 Tag作为该 mRNA的 标签, 因此它对参考基因的要求比较严格, 参考基因序列不完整对 DGE 结果的影响很大; 而 RNA-Seq 是对 mRNA 进行随机打断, 所以每条 mRNA 能够得到很多标签, 对参考基因的依赖性不是很强, 在参考基因 不完整的情况下也能够得到比较准确的表达量信息。 由此可见, 基因序 列不完整对 DGE分析结果影响较大, 而对于 RNA-Seq 的分析结果影响 不大; 也就是说, 对于参考基因不全时, 如果使用 DGE进行分析, 则优 选釆用基因表达 3,端开始的笫一段; 而进一步地, 优选采用 RNA-Seq分 析方式对基因片段进行表达分析。
步骤 405, 在相同测序量的情况下, 比较数字基因表达谱分析的结果 和转录组分析的结果检测到的基因数。 例如, 在相同测序量下, 比较 DGE和 RNA-Seq两种分析方式检测到的基因数具体可以包括: 从高通量 测序得到的测序片段中随机取出 3M的 reads数分别进行数字基因表达语
和 RNA-Seq 分析, 从高通量测序得到的测序片段中随机取出 2M 的 reads 数分别进行数字基因表达谱和 RNA-Seq 分析, 从高通量测序得到 的测序片段中随机取出 1M的 reads数分别进行 DGE和 RNA-Seq分析; 所述随机的选取方式可以是将所有测序得到的 reads 完全打乱, 再从中任意 取出对应数量的 reads. 在相同测序量的情况下, 可以从前述三种方式中 任选至少一种方式来分别比较数字基因表达谱和 RNA-Seq 能检测到的基 因数。 图 7是本发明样品 UHRR在相同测序量下, DGE和 RNA-Seq检 测到的基因数的示意图。 如图 7所示, 在相同测序量时 RNA-Seq能检测 到的基因比 DGE多约 1000个基因。
图 8示出本发明提供的关于基因表达的 RNA测序的质控方法的另一 个实施例的流程图。
如图 8 所示, 关于基因表达的 RNA 测序的质控方法 800 包括步驟 802、 804、 806、 808、 809, 其中步骤 802、 804、 806 可以分别执行与可以 分别执行与图 1所示的步骤 102、 104、 106相同或相似的技术内容, 为筒洁 起见, 这里不再赘述其技术内容。
如图 8所示, 在步骤 806后, 执行步骤 808, 从数字基因表达谱分析结 果中随机取出一百万标签数据 (1M reads ), 并将其与全部的数字基因表 达谱分析结果进行相关性分析。 所述随机的选取方式可以是将所有测序得到 的 reads完全打乱, 再从中任意取出 1M的 reads。
步骤 809, 从转录组分析结果中随机取出一百万标签数据 ( 1M reads ), 并将其与全部的转录组分析结果进行相关性分析。 所述随机的选 取方式可以是将所有测序得到的 reads 完全打乱, 再从中任意取出 1M 的 reads。
关于步骤 808 和步骤 809 中的相关性分析方法, 可以采用如下方 式: 每个 lane加入一个已知库 (只测 1M左右 reads ), 通过比较已知库 的测序结果检测测序稳定性。 例如, 本发明实施例中采用 1M测序量标准 品相关性分析方法, 两次 1M测序量标准品 UHRR与重复实验样品 UHRR 相关性对照表, 如表 1所示。
表 1 1M测序量标准品与重复实验的数据相关性对照表 表 1 表明, 对 1M 测序量标准品与重复实验的数据进行分析比对发 现, Gene相关性无论是 Spearman相关系数还是 Pearson相关系数都很 高; 由此可以说明测序结果是正常、 可信任的, 使用标准品检测测序稳 定性的方法具有可行性的, 能够通过对基因表达的分析为基因测序提供 质量控制方案。 用 1M reads 进行基因表达质控的方法在 RNA测序中的 应用能够评估生产稳定性。
此外, 需要说明的是, 对于本发明的质控方法和装置而言, 不论是 从定量准确性的角度来说, 还是从检测到的基因数目来说, 又或者对参 考基因的依赖性等角度来比较, 在质控方案中采用 RNA-Seq分析方法具 有比 DGE更准确地反映基因表达的优势。
图 9示出本发明实施例提供的一种关于基因表达的 RNA测序的质控 装置的结构示意图。
如图 9所示, 一种关于基因表达的 RNA测序的质控装置 900包括: 基因表达测算模块 902、 相关性分析模块 904、 测序分析方式选取模块 906和测序稳定性分析模块 908。
其中, 基因表达测算模块 902, 用于对测序技术得到的测序片段分别 进行数字基因表达谱分析(DGE )和转录组分析(RNA-Seq );
相关性分析模块 904, 用于将数字基因表达谱分析的结果和转录组分 析的结果分别与实时定量基因扩增荧光检测 (qPCR ) 的结果进行相关性 分析。
测序分析方式选取模块 906, 用于根据相关性分析结果, 判断数字基 因表达谱分析和转录组分析在基因表达定量上的差异, 并从数字基因表 达谱分析和转录组分析中选取一种测序分析方式。
测序稳定性分析模块 908, 用于从所选取的测序分析方式获取的分析 结果中选取一百万标签数据(1M reads ), 进行基因表达的测序稳定性分 析。
图 10示出本发明提供的关于基因表达的 RNA测序的质控装置的另一 个实施例的结构示意图。
如图 10所示, 一种关于基因表达的 RNA测序的质控装置 1000 包 括: 基因表达测算模块 1002、 相关性分析模块 1004、 测序分析方式选取 模块 1006和测序稳定性分析模块 1008, 其中基因表达测算模块 1002、 测序分析方式选取模块 1006和测序稳定性分析模块 1008 可以是与图 9
所示基因表达测算模块 902、 测序分析方式选取模块 906和测序稳定性分 析模块 908相同或相似的功能模块。 为简洁起见, 这里不再赘述。
如图 10所示, 相关性分析模块 1004进一步包括: 第一相关性分析 子模块和第二相关性分析子模块; 其中
第一相关性分析子模块 10041, 用于当参考基因不全时, 将参考基因 从 3,端到 5,端平均切成三份; 对三份参考基因分别进行数字基因表达谱 分析和转录组分析; 将所获得的分析结果分别与实时定量基因扩增荧光 检测的结果进行相关性分析。
第二相关性分析子模块 10042, 用于在相同测序量的情况下,从高通 量测序得到的测序片段中随机取出三百万标签数据 (3M reads )分别进 行数字基因表达谱分析和转录组分析, 从高通量测序得到的测序片段中 随机取出两百万标签数据(2M reads )分别进行数字基因表达谱分析和 转录组分析; 和 /或 从高通量测序得到的测序片段中随机取出一百万标签 数据(1M reads )分别进行数字基因表达谱分析和转录组分析; 所述随机 的选取方式可以是将所有测序得到的 reads完全打乱, 再从中任意取出对应 数量的 reads. 以及在相同测序量的情况下, 分别比较数字基因表达傳分 析和转录组分析方法能够检测到的基因数。
图 11示出本发明提供的关于基因表达的 RNA测序的质控装置的另一 个实施例的结构示意图。
如图 11 所示, 一种关于基因表达的 RNA测序的质控装置 1100 包 括: 基因表达测算模块 1102、 相关性分析模块 1104、 测序分析方式选取 模块 1106和测序稳定性分析模块 1108。 其中基因表达测算模块 1102、 相 关性分析模块 1104、 测序分析方式选取模块 1106可以是与图 9所示基因 表达测算模块 902、 相关性分析模块 904、 测序分析方式选取模块 906相 同或相似的功能模块。 为筒洁起见, 这里不再赘述。
如图 11所示, 测序稳定性分析模块 1108进一步包括: 第一测序稳定 性分析子模块 11081和第二测序稳定性分析子模块 11082, 其中
第一测序稳定性分析子模块 11081, 用于从数字基因表达谱分析结果 中随机取出一百万标签数据(1M reads ), 并将其与全部的数字基因表达 谱分析结果进行相关性分析。 所述随机的选取方式可以是将所有测序得到 的 reads完全打乱, 再从中任意取出 1M的 reads。
第二测序稳定性分析子模块 11082, 用于从转录组分析结果中随机取 出一百万标签数据(1M reads ), 并将其与全部的转录组分析结果进行相
关性分析。 所述随机的选取方式可以是将所有测序得到的 reads完全打乱, 再从中任意取出 1M的 reads。
本发明提供的关于基因表达的 RNA测序的质控装置, 通过基因表达 测算模块对基因片段进行分析, 并通过相关性分析模块和测序分析方式 选取模块进行相关性分析和综合性评估, 从而选取具有较高可靠性的基 因表达分析手段, 真实反映基因测序的准确性, 为生产的稳定性提供质 量控制方案。
参考前述本发明示例性的描述, 本领域技术人员可以清楚的知晓本发明 提供的关于基因表达的 R A测序的质控方法及装置所具有的前述优点, 本 发明提供的质控方案适用于高通量测序技术, 能够有效地评估 RNA 测序的 稳定性, 确保测序工作的准确性。
本发明的描述是为了示例和描述起见而给出的, 而并不是无遗漏的或者 将本发明限于所公开的形式。 很多修改和变化对于本领域的普通技术人员而 言是显然的。 本发明中描述的功能模块以及功能模块的划分方式仅为说明本 发明的思想, 本领域技术人员根据本发明的教导以及实际应用的需要可以自 由改变功能模块的划分方式及其模块构造以实现相同的功能; 选择和描述实 施例是为了更好说明本发明的原理和实际应用, 并且使本领域的普通技术人 员能够理解本发明从而设 ϋ
Claims
1. 一种关于基因表达的 R A测序的质控方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法 包括:
对测序技术得到的测序片段分别进行数字基因表达语分析 ( DGE )和转 录组分析 ( RNA-Seq ); 量基因扩增 ^检测(qPCR )的结果进行相关性分析; ' 、 根据相关性分析结果, 判断数字基因表达谱分析和转录组分析在基因表 达定量上的差异, 并从所述数字基因表达谱分析和转录组分析中选取一种测 序分析方式;
从所选取的测序分析方式获取的分析结果中选取一百万标签数据 ( 1M reads ), 进行基因表达的测序稳定性分析。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法还包括: 采用高通量测序技术进行关于基因表达的 RNA测序;
对所述数字基因表达谱分析的结果和所述转录组分析的结果分别进行去 接头序列和去低质量序列的处理。
3. 如权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 通过高通量测序技术对样 品片段的基因表达进行多次测序, 并对多次测序的数据取平均值以获得所述 实时定量基因扩增荧光检测的结果。
4. 如权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述数字基因表达傳分析 的结果和所述转录组分析的结果分别与实时定量基因扩增荧光检测
( qPCR )的结果进行相关性分析进一步包括:
当参考基因不全时, 将数字基因表达语分析的结果和转录组分析的结果 分别与实时定量基因扩增荧光检测的结果进行相关性分析; 和 /或
在相同测序量的情况下, 比较数字基因表达傳分析的结果和转录组分析 的结果检测到的基因数。
5. 如权利要求 4所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述当参考基因不全时, 将数字基因表达谱分析的结果和转录组分析的结果分别与实时定量基因扩增 荧光检测的结果进行相关性分析的步骤进一步包括:
将所述参考基因从 3,端到 5,端平均切成三份;
对所述三份参考基因分别进行数字基因表达谱分析和转录组分析; 将所获得的分析结果分别与实时定量基因扩增荧光检测的结果进行相关 性分析。
6. 如权利要求 4所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述在相同测序量的情况 步骤进一步包括:
从高通量测序得到的测序片段中取出三百万标签数据 ( 3M reads )分别 进行数字基因表达语分析和转录组分析, 从高通量测序得到的测序片段中取 出两百万标签数据(2M reads )分别进行数字基因表达谱分析和转录组分 析; 和 /或从高通量测序得到的测序片段中取出一百万标签数据 ( 1M reads ) 分别进行数字基因表达谱分析和转录组分析;
在相同测序量的情况下, 分别比较数字基因表达傅分析和转录组分析方 法能够检测到的基因数。
7. 如权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述从所选取的测序分析 方式获取的分析结果中选取一百万标签数据 ( 1M reads ), 进行基因表达的 测序稳定性分析的步骤进一步包括:
从数字基因表达醤分析结果中取出一百万标签数据 ( 1M reads ), 并将 其与全部的数字基因表达谱分析结果进行相关性分析; 和 /或
从转录组分析结果中取出一百万标签数据 ( 1M reads ), 并将其与全部 的转录组分析结果进行相关性分析。
8. —种关于基因表达的 RNA测序的质控装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置 包括:
基因表达测算模块, 用于对测序技术得到的测序片段分别进行数字基因 表达谱分析 ( DGE )和转录组分析 ( R A-Seq );
相关性分析模块, 用于将所述数字基因表达傳分析的结果和所述转录组 分析的结果分别与实时定量基因扩增荧光检测 (qPCR )的结果进行相关性 分析;
测序分析方式选取模块, 用于根据相关性分析结果, 判断数字基因表达 傳分析和转录组分析在基因表达定量上的差异, 并从所述数字基因表达傳分 析和转录组分析中选取一种测序分析方式;
测序稳定性分析模块, 用于从所选取的测序分析方式获取的分析结果中 选取一百万标签数据 ( 1M reads ), 进行基因表达的测序稳定性分析。
9. 如权利要求 8所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述相关性分析模块进一 步包括: 第一相关性分析子模块, 用于当参考基因不全时, 将所述参考基因从 3, 端到 5,端平均切成三份; 对所述三份参考基因分别进行数字基因表达谱分析 和转录组分析; 将所获得的分析结果分别与实时定量基因扩增荧光检测的结 果进行相关性分析;
第二相关性分析子模块, 用于在相同测序量的情况下,从高通量测序得 到的测序片段中取出三百万标签数据 ( 3M reads )分别进行数字基因表达语 分析和转录组分析; 从高通量测序得到的测序片段中取出两百万标签数据 ( 2M reads )分别进行数字基因表达谱分析和转录组分析; 和 /或从高通量测 序得到的测序片段中取出一百万标签数据 ( 1M reads )分别进行数字基因表 达傳分析和转录组分析; 以及在相同测序量的情况下, 分别比较数字基因表 达谱分析和转录组分析方法能够检测到的基因数。
10. 如权利要求 8所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述测序稳定性分析模块 进一步包括:
第一测序稳定性分析子模块, 用于从数字基因表达语分析结果中取出一 百万标签数据 ( 1M reads ), 并将其与全部的数字基因表达语分析结果进行 相关性分析;
第二测序稳定性分析子模块, 用于从转录组分析结果中取出一百万标签 数据 ( 1M reads ), 并将其与全部的转录组分析结果进行相关性分析。
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| CN104711340A (zh) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-17 | 北京大学 | 一种转录组测序方法 |
| CN105095686B (zh) * | 2014-05-15 | 2018-08-14 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | 基于多核cpu硬件的高通量转录组测序数据质量控制方法 |
| CN105734159B (zh) * | 2016-04-29 | 2019-04-05 | 北京泱深生物信息技术有限公司 | 食管鳞癌的分子标记物 |
| CN105779442B (zh) * | 2016-05-19 | 2019-05-28 | 清华大学 | 一种天然纤维素利用菌群的宏转录组rna的提取方法 |
| CN107119120A (zh) * | 2017-05-04 | 2017-09-01 | 河海大学常州校区 | 一种基于染色质3d构象技术的关键作用分子检测方法 |
| CN108004302A (zh) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-05-08 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | 一种转录组参考的关联分析方法及其应用 |
| CN111455031A (zh) * | 2019-01-18 | 2020-07-28 | 中国科学院微生物研究所 | 基于Nanopore测序技术的多组学测序及分析方法 |
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