Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
  • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
  • B23K26/20—Bonding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
  • B23K26/20—Bonding
  • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
  • B23K26/211—Bonding by welding with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
  • B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
  • B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
  • B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
  • B23K35/001—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces
  • B23K35/002—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces at least one of the workpieces being of light metal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
  • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
  • B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
  • B23K35/0227—Rods, wires
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
  • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
  • B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
  • B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
  • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
  • B23K35/38—Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
  • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
  • B23K35/38—Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area
  • B23K35/383—Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area mainly containing noble gases or nitrogen
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
  • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
  • B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
  • B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
  • B23K2101/006—Vehicles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
  • B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
  • B23K2101/34—Coated articles, e.g. plated or painted; Surface treated articles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
  • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for welding laser / arc hybrid welding of steel parts comprising an aluminum-based surface coating, in particular a coating of aluminum and silicon, using a protective gas formed of argon and / or helium supplemented with small amounts of nitrogen or oxygen.
• aluminized steels coated with aluminum or an aluminum-based alloy such as USIBOR TM type steels, have very high mechanical properties after hot stamping and are, therefore, increasingly used. in the field of motor vehicle construction, when weight gain is sought.
• these steels are designed to be heat treated and then quenched during the hot stamping operation and the resulting mechanical characteristics allow a very significant reduction in the weight of the vehicle compared to a standard high yield strength steel. . They are mainly used to make bumper beams, door reinforcements, middle feet, bay studs ...
• EP-A-1878531 proposes to weld this type of aluminized steels by implementing a hybrid laser / arc welding process.
• the principle of hybrid laser / arc welding is well known in the state of the art.
• this phase contains a significant percentage of aluminum (> 2%) which causes the non-austenitic transformation of the steel during its heat treatment before stamping, that is to say that this phase remains in the form of Delta ferrite and results in a lower hardness than the rest of the room having undergone a martensitic / bainitic transformation.
• the phase not transformed in the martensite phase can result, during a mechanical characterization of the assembly after welding, stamping followed by heat treatment, cracks, or even shear failure of the welded assembly, because these zones having incorporated aluminum, have a lower weld strength than that of the deposited metal.
• the problem that arises is therefore to propose a hybrid arc / laser welding process improving the mechanical properties of the welded joint, during a welding operation of steel parts coated with a layer comprising aluminum. More specifically, the problem is to be able to obtain a homogeneous micro-structure of martensite type in the melted zone, that is to say in the weld joint, after hot stamping, typically at about 920 ° C., and quenching in the weld zone. stamping tool, typically with a cooling rate between 800 and 500 ° C of the order of 30 ° C / sec.
• the solution of the invention is a hybrid laser / arc welding process employing an electric arc and a laser beam combining with each other, in particular within a single welding bath, in which metal melting is provided by melting a fuse wire and the welding bath is formed on at least one steel part comprising a surface coating based on aluminum, and in which a protective gas is also used, characterized in that the shielding gas consists of at least one main compound selected from argon and helium, and at least one additional compound selected from nitrogen and oxygen.
• the weld pool, and therefore subsequently the weld joint is thus obtained, at the level of the joint plane formed by the contacting, in particular end-to-end, of the parts to be welded, by melting the constituent steel parts under the simultaneous action of a laser beam and an electric arc that combine with each other to melt the metal of the part or parts to be welded, while an additional contribution of molten metal is also obtained through a fuse wire which is also melted, preferably by the electric arc, the molten metal thus obtained being deposited in the weld pool formed on the part or parts to be assembled.
• a gas mixture which is formed solely of argon, on the one hand, is used as the protective atmosphere of the welding zone, in particular of the solder bath.
• helium or both as the main compound (-aux) of the gaseous mixture and, on the other hand, nitrogen or oxygen, or both, as an additional compound (s) ( s), so as to constitute a binary gas mixture of Ar / N 2 , Ar / 0 2 , He / 0 2 or He / N 2 type , or a ternary gas mixture of Ar / He / N 2 or Ar / He type.
• the proportion of main compound (ie Ar or He) or the sum of the proportions of the main compounds (ie Ar and He) is greater than the proportion of additional compound (ie N 2 or O 2 ) or the sum of proportions of the additional compounds (ie N 2 and O 2 ) present in the gaseous mixture.
• two gaseous mixtures are particularly preferred because they lead to very good results, as explained below, namely the Ar / N 2 or Ar / He / N 2 mixtures containing at most 10% of nitrogen ( % by volume) and preferably about 3 to 7% nitrogen.
• the percentages (%) given are percentages by volume (% by volume).
• the entrapment of aluminum by the compounds 0 2 or N 2 leads to the formation of compounds of A1 2 0 3 or AlN type thus avoiding the formation of ferrite or other harmful intermetallic compounds.
• the oxides or aluminum nitrides thus formed float on the surface of the bath, thus preventing the solution of the aluminum in the weld pool.
• the method of the invention may include one or more of the following features:
• the protective gas contains from 1 to 20% by volume of the said at least one additional compound.
• the protective gas contains from 1 to 15% by volume of the said at least one additional compound.
• the protective gas contains at least 2 by volume of the said at least one additional compound.
• the protective gas contains at most 10% by volume of the said at least one additional compound.
• the shielding gas contains only nitrogen as an additional compound.
• the shielding gas contains at least 4% by volume of nitrogen as an additional compound.
• the shielding gas contains at least 5% by volume of nitrogen as an additional compound.
• the shielding gas contains not more than 8% by volume of nitrogen as additional compound.
• the shielding gas contains not more than 7% by volume of nitrogen as an additional compound.
• the shielding gas contains at least 5.5% by volume of nitrogen and at most 6.5% by volume of nitrogen.
• the protective gas is a He / Ar / N 2 or Ar / N 2 mixture.
• the steel part or parts comprise an aluminum-based surface coating having a thickness between 5 and 100 ⁇ , preferably less than or equal to 50 ⁇ .
• the coating covers at least one surface of the part (s) but preferably no or almost no aluminum-based coating is present on the end edges of the one or more pieces, i.e. slices of a sheet for example.
• the metal part or parts are steel with a surface coating based on aluminum and silicon, preferably the surface coating contains more than 70% by weight of aluminum.
• the metal part or parts are made of steel with a surface coating consisting essentially of aluminum and silicon (Al / Si).
• the metal part or parts comprise a surface coating based on aluminum and silicon containing a proportion of aluminum between 5 and 100 times greater than that of silicon, for example a proportion of aluminum of 90% by weight and a proportion 10% by weight of silicon, ie a surface coating layer comprising 9 times more aluminum than silicon.
• the metal part or parts comprise a surface coating based on aluminum and silicon containing a proportion of aluminum between 5 and 50 times greater than that of silicon, in particular a proportion of aluminum between 5 and 30 times greater than that of silicon, in particular a proportion of aluminum between 5 and 20 times greater than that of silicon.
• the parts are high alloy steel (> 5% by weight of alloying elements), low alloy ( ⁇ 5% by weight of alloying elements) or unalloyed, for example a carbon steel.
• the welding wire is a solid wire or a cored wire.
• the welding wire has a diameter of between 0.5 and 5 mm, typically between approximately 0.8 and 2.5 mm.
• the fuse wire being melted by the electric arc, preferably an arc obtained by means of a MIG welding torch.
• the fusible wire contains carbon and / or manganese (Min 0.1% C and Min 2% Mn)
• the part (s) to be welded are chosen from the joined flanks and the tubes.
• the part or parts to be welded are elements of muffler. - The parts are positioned and welded butt jointed.
• MIG welding torch Metal Inert
• the laser beam is generated by a generator or a laser device type C0 2 , YAG, fiber, especially ytterbium fiber or erbium, or disk.
• the laser beam precedes the MIG arc during welding, considering the direction of welding.
• the MIG welding regime is short arc type.
• the welding voltage is less than 20 V, typically between 11 and 16 V.
• the welding intensity is less than 200 A, typically between 118 and
• the welding speed is less than 20 m / min, typically between 4 and 6 m / min
• the part (s) to be welded have a thickness of between 0.8 and 2.5 mm, preferably between 1.8 and 2.3 mm.
• the thickness is considered at the level of the joint plane to be achieved, that is to say at the point where the metal is melted to form the welding joint, for example at the end edge of the one or more parts to be welded.
• the welding joint has a martensitic structure.
• the gas pressure is between 2 and 15 bar, for example of the order of 4 bar.
• the flow rate of the gas is between 10 and 40 l / min, typically of the order of 25
• the focal point of the laser beam is focused above the part to be welded, and in a range of between 3 and 6 mm.
• the distance between the filler wire and the laser beam must be between 2 and 3 mm.
• the gaseous mixture used in the context of the present invention can be produced either directly on site by mixing the constituents of the mixture in desired proportions by means of a gas mixer, or it can be in pre-conditioned form, that is, that is, carried out in a packaging plant and then transported to its place of use in suitable gas containers, such as welding gas bottles.
• the hybrid laser / arc welding process according to the invention has given good results when it is used to operate a hybrid welding by means of a C0 2 type laser source and an arc welding torch.
• the welded parts have a thickness of 2.3 mm.
• the gas used which is distributed at a flow rate of 251 / min and at a pressure of 4 bar is:
• Test A (comparative): ARCAL 37 mixture consisting of 70% helium and 30% argon,
• Test B ARCAL 37 mixture supplemented with 6% N 2 .
• Test C ARCAL 37 mixture supplemented with 3% of 0 2 .
• the ARCAL 37 mixture is marketed by L'Air Liquide.
• the torch used is an OTC reference MIG torch fed by a Nie 535 (0.7%> C and 2% Mn) type filler wire 1.2 mm in diameter, which is delivered at a rate of 3 m / min.
• the laser source is a 12 kW type C0 2 laser oscillator
• the parts to be welded are buttressed flanks arranged joined end in aluminized steel (Ai / Si) Usibor 1500 TM type.
• the improvement is also all the more notable as the oxygen content increases but with an optimum of less than 10% by volume, which would encourage the use of about 3 to 5% nitrogen in argon or in F argon / helium.
• the method of the invention is particularly suitable for welding tailored blanks used in the field of automotive construction, exhaust pipe elements including vehicles, or welding tubes.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Arc Welding In General (AREA)
• Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
• Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)

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Citations (7)

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• 2010
  • 2010-07-13 FR FR1055691A patent/FR2962674B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2011
  • 2011-05-05 KR KR1020137000565A patent/KR20130124471A/ko not_active Ceased
  • 2011-05-05 CN CN201180034152.8A patent/CN102985216B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-05-05 BR BR112013000894A patent/BR112013000894A2/pt active Search and Examination
  • 2011-05-05 RU RU2013105805/02A patent/RU2590759C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2011-05-05 US US13/809,552 patent/US20130105446A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-05-05 WO PCT/FR2011/051015 patent/WO2012007663A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2011-05-05 ES ES11723566.3T patent/ES2554494T3/es active Active
  • 2011-05-05 JP JP2013519128A patent/JP6067555B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-05-05 EP EP11723566.3A patent/EP2593267B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
  • 2011-05-05 MX MX2012014671A patent/MX2012014671A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2011-05-05 CA CA2800246A patent/CA2800246C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2012
  • 2012-12-10 ZA ZA2012/09342A patent/ZA201209342B/en unknown

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