WO2012007450A1 - Outil de perçage, utilisation de cet outil de perçage et procédé de perçage mis en oeuvre avec l'outil de perçage - Google Patents

Outil de perçage, utilisation de cet outil de perçage et procédé de perçage mis en oeuvre avec l'outil de perçage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012007450A1
WO2012007450A1 PCT/EP2011/061837 EP2011061837W WO2012007450A1 WO 2012007450 A1 WO2012007450 A1 WO 2012007450A1 EP 2011061837 W EP2011061837 W EP 2011061837W WO 2012007450 A1 WO2012007450 A1 WO 2012007450A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drilling
cutting edge
drilling tool
tool
drill
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/061837
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Volker Sellmeier
Berend Denkena
Original Assignee
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover filed Critical Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Publication of WO2012007450A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012007450A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/02—Twist drills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/04—Angles, e.g. cutting angles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/14—Configuration of the cutting part, i.e. the main cutting edges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/70—Drills with vibration suppressing means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drilling tool for machining metals with at least one chamfer. According to a second aspect, the invention relates to the use of this drilling tool and, according to a third aspect, to a drilling method carried out with the drilling tool.
  • Drilling tools are known in various forms, such as drills, as indexable inserts for drilling tools or as a drill bit.
  • a boring tool is for example also known from DE 103 32 930 A1 tap for cutting internal threads.
  • This known tap is optimized in particular with regard to a high cutting speed and should ensure sufficient process reliability despite the very high cutting speeds.
  • at least two cutting lugs of the tap are equipped with cutting edges, wherein the cutters, at least in the first cut, have a negative-bevel cutting bevel which reduces the effective rake angle of the cutters.
  • Another drilling tool is an indexable insert known from EP 0 661 122 A1.
  • This has several major cutting edges and minor cutting edges on an approximately equiangular triangle, which coincide with the sides of this triangle or dull the main cutting edges.
  • cutting edge chamfers are provided in the corner regions, wherein the cutting edge chamfer is broader in the corner area than along the essentially straight cutting edges.
  • indexable insert known from DE 695 02 106 T2 describes sits between a cutting edge and a sinking surface area each have a rising Schneidkantenfase.
  • a continuous or interrupted Schneidkantenfase is provided in which the cutting geometry is designed so that a stable main cutting relieves a minor cutting edge and high wear resistance of both cutting is guaranteed.
  • a known from DE 29 46 022 C2 known polygonal cutting insert also has a cutting edge with an associated Schneidkantenfase and extending from the Schneidkantenfase inwardly, inclined rake face.
  • a drilling tool is known, which has a main cutting edge, which is broken by grinding a Schutzfase. This is intended to increase the service life of the drilling tool.
  • This protective bevel is varied over the length of the cutting edge as a function of the distance from the drill axis. This is intended to ensure that the protective bevel of the cutting edge at the respective point has the optimum geometric properties with respect to cutting speed and cutting direction.
  • the protective chamfer is arranged in each case on the chip surface side.
  • the invention has for its object to reduce the Ratterneist.
  • the invention solves the problem in a generic drilling tool characterized in that at least one Schneidkantenfase (18) is provided on an end face of the drilling tool (10).
  • the invention solves the problem by the use of such a drilling tool with a number of teeth z, a radius R, a tip angle ⁇ and a clearance angle ⁇ 0, ⁇ the Schneidkantenfase, at least beyond a core of the drilling tool and at least partially the relationship follows, where a oe e [0, ... 10 °] and ⁇ e, in a drilling process with the tooth feed f z .
  • the apex angle ⁇ may, but need not be constant, but may also be a function of the radius R. In this case, then insert the respective value of the point angle at the radial position a (R) for ⁇ .
  • angles and planes on drilling tools are based on DI N 6581 "Reference systems and angles on the cutting part of the tool” and ISO 3002/1 "Basic quantities in cutting and grinding - Part 1; Geometry of the active part of cutting tools - General terms, reference Systems, tool and working angles, chip breakers ".
  • the invention solves the problem by a drilling method with such a drilling tool and with the steps of (a) providing a drilling tool with a cutting edge land having a clearance angle, and (b) drilling with the drilling tool at a speed and a feed rate in a workpiece, so that a Wirk- orthogonalkewinkel results in the region of the Schneidkantenfase that is at least partially at least temporarily at least temporarily not more than 5 ° at least outside of a core of the drilling tool, in particular at most
  • An advantage of the invention is that the chattering can be reduced by simple means.
  • Another advantage is that an increased component quality can be achieved with a constant or higher removal rate. It is another advantage that tool wear can be reduced. As already mentioned, a particularly undesirable consequence of rattling is the generation of noise. By reducing or even avoiding the rattling possible according to the invention, the otherwise resulting noise is at the same time reduced or avoided.
  • process vibrations and chatter can promote wear on the interfaces between the drill bit and the tool body.
  • the invention reduces this interface wear. Because of this Vortei le an increase in the length-to-diameter ratio of the drilling tool is possible.
  • the cutting edge chamfer is arranged on the free space side.
  • the effective orthogonal clearance angle during chattering falls below 0 °, at least at some points of the cutting edge chamfer.
  • the free surface touches the material in the bottom of the bore, which causes the process vibrations or the chatter effectively dampens. If there is no chattering, the effective orthogonal clearance angle is generally greater than 0 °, so that no additional undesired friction effects occur compared with a conventional drilling tool.
  • the drill is understood in particular as a helical drill. It is particularly favorable if the drill is a metal drill.
  • the drill can be constructed, for example, from high-speed steel, hard metal, ceramics or cermet.
  • the drill may be coated with a layer of hard material, such as TiC or TiN.
  • the cutting edge bevel is a chamfer on the cutting edge on the end face of the drilling tool, in particular of the drill. This is preferably produced by a material-removing method, in particular a cutting method.
  • the cutting edge bevel is made by grinding.
  • the cutting edge land is a bipartition of the free surface.
  • the drilling tool in particular the drill, has a core, in the circumference of which the material to be drilled, in particular the metal, is not cut during the drilling process, but is squeezed.
  • the cutting edge land is preferably mounted outside the core. Whenever a drill is mentioned below, it always means a drilling tool.
  • the cutting edge land extends to at least a part of the cutting edge length of the cutting edge. The cutting edge length measures the distance over which the cutting edge extends, that is, the distance between the core of the drill and its outer edge. The greater the proportion of the cutting edge length over which the cutting edge land also extends, the more effective is the damping during chattering. It is favorable if the cutting edge bevel extends over more than 1/3 of the cutting edge, but this is not necessary.
  • the first tool orthogonal clearance angle of the cutting edge chamfer which can also be called chamfer angle and is generally referred to as ⁇ 0, ⁇ , monotonously decreases at least beyond the core as the distance from the longitudinal axis or the radius R increases.
  • the first tool orthogonal clearance angle of the cutting edge land is strictly monotone.
  • a monotonous drop is understood to mean that the first tool orthogonal clearance angle of the cutting edge land is at least not greater at a greater distance.
  • the first tool orthogonal clearance angle of the cutting edge land is smaller at a greater distance. This concept of monotony corresponds to that used in mathematics.
  • a particularly effective damping results in the case of a chatter when the release angle as a function of a distance to the longitudinal axis at least, which can be described by the formula, wherein for all distances
  • a oe is a target effective orthogonal clearance angle that is more than or equal to 0 °, in particular. It has been found that it is advantageous if this angle is at most 2 °. Values of at most 1 ° are particularly favorable.
  • the target effective orthogonal clearance angle a oe depends on the kinematics of the drilling process in which the drill is to be used. However, since most drills are designed for a certain type of process, for example with regard to the ratio between rotational speed and thus peripheral speed at the outermost point, and feed rate, the angle a oe can be determined from these design variables .
  • the size R Ch ar is a characteristic length, which also depends on the kinematics of the later drilling process.
  • the characteristic length is at most 1 millimeter, in particular at most 0.5 millimeter.
  • the exact knowledge of the effective orthogonal free angle a oe and of the characteristic length R Ch ar is irrelevant, the only factor being that there are constants in the form of a oe and R Ch ar for which the first tool Orthogonalkewinkel ⁇ 0, ⁇ the specified course follows.
  • the cutting edge bevel has a width b measured in the tool orthogonal plane P 0 of at least 10 ⁇ m.
  • a width b measured in the tool orthogonal plane P 0 of at least 10 ⁇ m.
  • Smaller widths of the cutting edge bevel are therefore possible, but less advantageous.
  • Particularly advantageous are widths of Schneidkantenfasen of at least 125 ⁇ .
  • the cutting edge bevel has a width b of at most 300 ⁇ m measured in the tool orthogonal plane P 0 .
  • wider cutting edge chamfers otherwise results in high friction when drilling in metal. This can lead to increased wear and increased temperature stress on the workpiece and the drill, which is undesirable. Nevertheless, wider cutting edge chamfers are at least conceivable.
  • the width b of the cutting edge bevel can be constant along the cutting edge, but this is not necessary.
  • the active orthogonal clearance angle ⁇ oe is preferably greater than 0 °. It is particularly favorable if the active orthogonal clearance angle is at most 2 °.
  • the tolerable deviation ⁇ is preferably greater than minus 0.5 ° and or less than
  • the formula given indicates the first tool orthogonal clearance angle of the cutting edge land as a function of the distance or radius R from the longitudinal axis for each point of the cutting edge land.
  • the tooth feed f z depends on the speed of the drill and the feed rate. The number of teeth z, however, is specified in the drill. If the drill with the specified key figures is used in a drilling process so that the tooth feed f z results, this leads to a particularly low-vibration and low-lathing drilling process.
  • the rotational speed and the feed rate are selected such that the effective orthogonal clearance angle is at least temporarily smaller than 5 °.
  • the speed and the feed rate are chosen so that the effective orthogonal free angle is less than 3 °, in particular less than 2 °. It is particularly favorable if the effective orthogonal clearance angle is at least temporarily smaller than 1 °, in particular smaller than 0.5 °.
  • speed and feed rate allows high Zeitspanvolumina while low Ratterneist.
  • the effective orthogonal clearance angle is at least temporarily smaller than the indicated angle is understood in particular to mean that this effective orthogonal clearance angle is at least occasionally achieved.
  • the speed and the feed rate can be selected so that no rattling occurs in the majority of processing cases. If it comes to rattling, the feed rate can be increased so that the effective orthogonal free angle decreases, for example, to a value of less than 0.5 °, sometimes even to a value of 0 ° and smaller, so that the chattering is suppressed. It follows from the nature of a machining process that this condition only lasts for a short time, namely until rattling is stopped. As a rule, the feed rate is then reduced in order to save the tool.
  • the drilling method comprises the steps of detecting whether chattering exists and, if so, changing the feed rate and / or the rotational speed so that at least at one point along the cutting edge land the effective orthogonal clearance angle is at most 1 °.
  • the feed rate is increased so that the effective clearance angle is at most 0.5 °, more preferably at most 0 °.
  • the method comprises the steps that, after increasing the feed rate due to chattering, it is again continuously detected whether chattering is taking place and the feed rate and / or the rotational speed are changed, such that the active orthogonal clearance angle is at least at one point outside the core increases.
  • drills with a high ratio of drill length to drill diameter conventionally also show a particularly high tendency to chatter. This applies in particular to drills with a ratio of drill length to drill diameter of more than 10, in particular more than 15.
  • the embodiment according to the invention also has an above-average effect.
  • An application of the invention especially with these drilling tools is thus particularly useful and effective and thus has a particularly striking and relevant influence on the service life of the drilling tool and the reduction of the resulting noise.
  • FIG. 3 shows sections 3a, 3b and 3c showing various sections at different radial positions of the drill according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows the course of the first tool
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of a drill according to the invention.
  • the drill 10 has a first cutting edge 14.1 and a second cutting edge 14.2, which according to another nomenclature but also as parts of a common cutting edge can be understood.
  • a distance R from the longitudinal axis L which could also be referred to as a local radius, extends to an outer edge, where this distance assumes the value of a maximum distance R max .
  • the drill moves with the feed rate v f in the workpiece.
  • the projection of the feed rate v f on the tool orthogonal plane P 0 yields the speed v f0 .
  • Figure 1 b shows a view according to the plane AA in Figure 1 a.
  • the drill 10 is arranged to be rotated at a rotational speed n (in revolutions per second).
  • a cutting speed v c (R) results, which depends on the distance R from the longitudinal axis. This is indicated by the three different velocity vectors.
  • Figure 1 c shows the kinematic conditions at the sharp cutting edge in the sectional plane BB.
  • This plane is the tool orthogonal plane P 0 .
  • This plane is a plane through the selected cutting point parallel to the cutting direction.
  • the cutting speed v c (R) adds up vectorially to the feed rate v f (both in length per unit of time).
  • the result is an effective speed v e (R), which depends on the distance R of the relevant point from the longitudinal axis.
  • v oe is the effective velocity projected on tool orthogonal plane P 0 .
  • the greater the distance R, the greater the cutting speed v c, the Feed rate v f remains constant.
  • the effective orthogonal free angle ⁇ oe for this reason also depends on the distance R and can be calculated therefrom and from the tool orthogonal clearance angle a 0 .
  • the tool cutting plane P s , the effective cutting plane P se and the main relief surface A a are plotted in FIG. 1 c.
  • FIG. 2 a shows a drilling tool according to the invention in the form of a drilling apparatus according to the invention, with a cutting edge chamfer 1 8. 1 at the cutting edge 14.
  • the cutting edge bevel 18 has a width b of in the present case 150 ⁇ , that is 0, 15 mm.
  • the second cutting edge 14.2 also has a Schneidkantenfase, but due to the perspective in Figure 2a is not visible.
  • FIG. 2b shows a view of the drill 10 from below, so that the two cutting edge chamfers 18.1 and 18.2 can be seen.
  • the cutting edges 14.1, 14.2 are curved. But there are also straight cutting edges possible. Also marked is a cutting edge length S2 of the cutting edge 14.2.
  • Figure 2a also shows three positions on the cutting edge 14.2 with the distances R 1 f R 2 and R 3 , which are each different from each other.
  • FIG. 2b shows the associated tool orthogonal planes P 0, i, P 0, 2 and P 0.3 which intersect the cutting edge 14.2 at the respective distances R 1 f R 2 and R 3 and at these points perpendicular to the cutting edge 14 parallel to the cutting direction.
  • the respective first tool orthogonal clearance angles (chamfer angles) a 0, i (Ri) are determined at the location with the distance R 1.
  • FIG. 3a shows a section through the cutting edge 14.1 at a distance (ie with respect to the plane P 0, i, see Figures 2a, 2b).
  • the first main free surface ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ (cutting edge bevel) 18 forms with the tool cutting plane P s in the tool orthogonal plane P 0, i the first tool orthogonal clearance angle a 0, i (Ri), which could also be referred to as chamfer angle.
  • the Schneidkantenfase 18 has the width b, which is measured in the cutting direction.
  • the second main flank A A 2 20 begins the second main free surface A a 2 20 forms with the tool cutting-edge plane P s in de r tool orthogonal P 0, i the second tool Orthogonal arthritiswinkel a 0; 2.
  • Figure 3b shows a section with respect to the plane P 0, 2, whose intersection with the cutting edge has the distance R 2 from the longitudinal axis L. It can be seen that the first tool orthogonal clearance angle a 0, i (R2) is smaller than at the smaller distance R 1. The second tool orthogonal clearance angle a 0, 2, on the other hand, is the same. This is not absolutely necessary.
  • FIG. 3c shows a section with respect to the plane P 0.3 at a distance R 3 .
  • Figure 4 shows the dependence of the first tool orthogonal free angle ⁇ 0, ⁇ of radius R for three different tooth feeds f z . This follows the
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a drilling machine 22 according to the invention with a drill 10 according to the invention, which is fastened to a spindle 24 and can be rotated by the latter by means of a motor.
  • the spindle is controlled by an electrical controller 26.
  • the controller 26 is configured to drive the spindle 24 so that it rotates at a rotational speed n and moves toward a workpiece 28 at a feed rate v f .
  • the drill 22 also includes a sensor 30, for example an armature current of the spindle 24, a force or a microphone 32 has. If it comes to rattling, this is detected by the sensor 30 and / or 32 and, for example, via a radio interface 34 to the controller 26 passed.
  • a sensor 30 for example an armature current of the spindle 24, a force or a microphone 32 has. If it comes to rattling, this is detected by the sensor 30 and / or 32 and, for example, via a radio interface 34 to the controller 26 passed.
  • the controller 26 can recognize the chattering.
  • the controller 26 increases the feed rate v f .
  • the rotational speed n can also be reduced. This takes place until the effective orthogonal clearance angle a oe which has been described above in connection with FIG. 1 has become so small that the chattering is effectively damped. If the electrical control 26 detects this, it can be provided that it again increases the rotational speed and / or reduces the feed rate v f .
  • a suitable value for drilling in aluminum has been found to be an effective orthogonal clearance angle ⁇ 0 to 3 °.
  • the point angle ⁇ is shown in FIG. 1a. Missing to determine the tip angle of the reference to the opposite edge, z. B. drilling tools with only one cutting edge or drilling tools with imbalance or drilling tools with broken or asymmetric cutting, the point angle is determined by twice the angle between the tangent to the cutting edge and the longitudinal axis of the drilling tool.
  • FIG. 6 shows various sectional views similar to FIG. 3 in order additionally to explain the terms on the chip surface side and on the flank side.
  • FIG. 6 a shows a sharp cutting edge 14.
  • a cutting surface ⁇ ⁇ adjoins the cutting edge.
  • the angle ⁇ 0 is the tool orthogonal chip angle.
  • On the other side of the cutting edge 14 can be seen an open space 20 or free space A a .
  • FIG. 6c shows a cutting edge 14 with an undivided free surface 20 with a tool orthogonal clearance angle a 0 and a two-part rake face with a rake face between a first rake face 36 and a second rake face 35.
  • the first rake face 36 has a negative tool orthogonal rake angle ⁇ 0, ⁇ to the vertical
  • the second rake face 35 has a positive tool orthogonal rake angle ⁇ 0.2 to the vertical.
  • A a main free area
  • A a 2 second main open space L longitudinal axis

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un outil de perçage, un biseau d'arête de coupe (18) étant situé sur la face de dépouille (20).
PCT/EP2011/061837 2010-07-12 2011-07-12 Outil de perçage, utilisation de cet outil de perçage et procédé de perçage mis en oeuvre avec l'outil de perçage WO2012007450A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010026947.6 2010-07-12
DE201010026947 DE102010026947B3 (de) 2010-07-12 2010-07-12 Bohrwerkzeug, Verwendung dieses Bohrwerkzeugs und mit dem Bohrwerkzeug durchgeführtes Bohrverfahren

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WO2012007450A1 true WO2012007450A1 (fr) 2012-01-19

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WO (1) WO2012007450A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104815996A (zh) * 2015-04-17 2015-08-05 柳州蔚园塑料彩印包装有限责任公司 聚酯塑料件加工方法
CN111890123A (zh) * 2019-05-06 2020-11-06 四川大学 一种刀具前刀面轴向倾角在机检测计算方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3646986A1 (fr) 2018-11-05 2020-05-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Élimination de vibrations définie par l'utilisateur
DE102022132336A1 (de) 2022-12-06 2024-06-06 Ifm Electronic Gmbh Verfahren zur sicheren Detektion von Vibrationen des Bohrkörpers eines Bohrers beim Bohrvorgang

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DE2946022C2 (de) 1978-11-17 1986-02-20 Kennametal Inc., Latrobe, Pa. Schneideinsatz
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US4759667A (en) * 1985-11-08 1988-07-26 American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Technologies, Inc. Twist drill for drilling printed circuit board laminates and having an drill point geometry
EP0661122A1 (fr) 1993-12-27 1995-07-05 Plansee Tizit Gesellschaft M.B.H. Plaquette de coupe amovible
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DE102005003496A1 (de) 2005-01-25 2006-07-27 Gühring, Jörg, Dr. Variabler Schneidkantenabzug für Bohrwerkzeuge
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DE102006044605A1 (de) * 2006-09-19 2008-03-27 Komet Group Holding Gmbh Wendeschneidplatte sowie Verwendung der Wendeschneidplatte in einem Vollbohrer
EP2058073A1 (fr) * 2007-11-08 2009-05-13 Union Tool Co. Outil de forage
DE102008045326A1 (de) 2008-08-21 2010-02-25 MAPAL Fabrik für Präzisionswerkzeuge Dr. Kress KG Bohrer

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DE2946022C2 (de) 1978-11-17 1986-02-20 Kennametal Inc., Latrobe, Pa. Schneideinsatz
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US4605347A (en) * 1982-12-27 1986-08-12 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. High speed drill reamer
US4759667A (en) * 1985-11-08 1988-07-26 American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Technologies, Inc. Twist drill for drilling printed circuit board laminates and having an drill point geometry
WO1988003849A1 (fr) 1986-11-25 1988-06-02 Sphinxwerke Müller Ag Foret helicoidal
EP0661122A1 (fr) 1993-12-27 1995-07-05 Plansee Tizit Gesellschaft M.B.H. Plaquette de coupe amovible
DE69502106T2 (de) 1994-08-11 1998-10-22 Kennametal Inc Ein wendeschneideinsatz
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DE10332930A1 (de) 2003-07-19 2005-02-03 Sandvik Ab Gewindebohrer
DE102005003496A1 (de) 2005-01-25 2006-07-27 Gühring, Jörg, Dr. Variabler Schneidkantenabzug für Bohrwerkzeuge
DE102006025294A1 (de) 2006-05-31 2007-12-06 Kennametal Inc. Bohrwerkzeug
DE102006044605A1 (de) * 2006-09-19 2008-03-27 Komet Group Holding Gmbh Wendeschneidplatte sowie Verwendung der Wendeschneidplatte in einem Vollbohrer
EP2058073A1 (fr) * 2007-11-08 2009-05-13 Union Tool Co. Outil de forage
DE102008045326A1 (de) 2008-08-21 2010-02-25 MAPAL Fabrik für Präzisionswerkzeuge Dr. Kress KG Bohrer

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104815996A (zh) * 2015-04-17 2015-08-05 柳州蔚园塑料彩印包装有限责任公司 聚酯塑料件加工方法
CN111890123A (zh) * 2019-05-06 2020-11-06 四川大学 一种刀具前刀面轴向倾角在机检测计算方法

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