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  • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D207/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D207/09—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms, not forming part of a nitro radical
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  • C07D217/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the nitrogen-containing ring
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  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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  • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
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  • C07D513/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
  • C07D513/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D513/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• This invention relates to substituted amide derivatives which are useful as inhibitors of Rho kinase and are thus useful for treating a variety of diseases and disorders that are mediated or sustained through the activity of Rho kinase, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurological diseases, renal diseases, bronchial asthma, erectile dysfunction, and glaucoma.
• This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, methods of using these compounds in the treatment of various diseases and disorders, processes for preparing these compounds and
• Rho-Kinase is a member of the serine-threonine protein kinase family. ROCK exists in two isoforms, ROCKl and ROCK2 (T. Ishizaki et al., EMBO J., 1996, 15, 1885- 1893). ROCK has been identified as an effector molecule of RhoA, a small GTP-binding protein (G protein) that plays a key role in multiple cellular signaling pathways. ROCK and RhoA are ubiquitously expressed across tissues. The RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway is involved in a number of cellular functions, such as actin organization, cell adhesion, cell migration, and cytokinesis (K. Riento and A. J.
• RhoA Upon activation of its receptor, RhoA is activated, and, in turn, it activates ROCK. Activated ROCK phosphorylates the myosin-binding subunit of myosin light chain phosphatase, which inhibits activity of the phosphatase and leads to contraction. Contraction of the smooth muscle in the vasculature increases blood pressure, leading to hypertension.
• RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway plays an important role in signal transduction initiated by several vasoactive factors, for example angiotensin II (T. Yamakawa et al., Hypertension, 2000, 35, 313 -318), urotension II (V. Sauzeau et al., Circ. Res., 2001, 88, 1102-1104), endothelin-1 (P.
• ROCK expression and activity have been shown to be elevated in spontaneously hypertensive rats, suggesting a link to the development of hypertension in these animals (Y. Mukai et al., FASEB J., 2001, 15, 1062-1064).
• the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 (M. Uehata et al., Nature, ibid) was shown to significantly decrease blood pressure in three rat models of hypertension, including the spontaneously hypertensive rat, renal hypertensive rat and deoxycortisone acetate salt hypertensive rat models, while having only a minor effect on blood pressure in control rats.This reinforces the link between ROCK and hypertension.
• ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 also inhibited neointimal formation in rats (N. Sawada et al., Circulation, 2000, 101, 2030-2033).
• ROCK inhibitor would be useful in treating other cardiovascular diseases.
• fasudil was shown to reduce both the infarct size and neurologic deficit (Y. Toshima, Stroke, 2000, 31, 2245-2250).
• the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 was shown to improve ventricular hypertrophy and function in a model of congestive heart failure in Dahl salt- sensitive rats (N. Kobayashi et al., Cardiovascular Res., 2002, 55, 757-767).
• ROCK ROCK in additional diseases
• coronary vasospasm H. Shimokawa et al., Cardiovasc. Res., 1999, 43, 1029-1039
• cerebral vasospasm M. Sato et al., Circ. Res., 2000, 87, 195-200
• ischemia/reperfusion injury T. Yada et al., J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2505, 45, 599-607
• pulmonary hypertension Y. Fukumoto et al., Heart, 2005, 91, 391-392
• angina H. Shimokawa et al., J.
• Rho A/ROCK signaling pathway allows formation of multiple competing lamellipodia that disrupt the productive migration of monocytes.
• small molecule inhibitors of Rho Kinase are capable of inhibiting MCP-1 mediated chemotaxis in vitro (H. Iijima, Biorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 2007, 15, 1022-1033). Due to the dependence of immune cell migration upon the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway one would anticipate inhibition of Rho Kinase should also provide benefit for diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
• ROCK inhibitors may also be useful in other diseases involving smooth muscle hyper-reactivity, including asthma and glaucoma (H.
• Rho-kinase has been indicated as a drug target for the treatment of various other diseases, including airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness (P.J. Henry et al., Pulm
• hypertension including diuretics, beta blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin blockers and calcium channel blockers, hypertension remains poorly controlled or resistant to current medication for many patients. If not adequately treated, hypertension can lead to other cardiovascular diseases and organ failure including coronary artery disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiac failure, renal failure and peripheral artery disease.
• ROCK inhibitors Although there are many reports of ROCK inhibitors under investigation (see, for example, U.S. 20100041645 Al, U.S. 20080161297 Al and E. Hu and D. Lee, Expert Opin. Ther. Targets, 2005, 9, 715-736), fasudil is the only marketed ROCK inhibitor at this time. An i.v. formulation was approved in Japan for treatment of cerebral vasospasm. There remains a need for new therapeutics, including ROCK inhibitors, for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurological diseases, renal diseases, bronchial asthma, erectile dysfunction, and glaucoma.
• the present invention is directed to a method of inhibiting Rho kinase activity in a patient comprising administering to the patient a compound of the present invention as described above.
• the present invention is directed to a method for treating a disease or disorder associated with the activation of Rho kinase which method comprises administering to a patient in need of such treatment a compound of the present invention as described above.
• the present invention is directed to a method of treating a
• cardiovascular or related disease which method comprises administering to a patient in need of such treatment a compound of the present invention as described above.
• diseases include, for example, hypertension, atherosclerosis, restenosis, stroke, heart failure, cardiac failure, renal failure, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, coronary vasospasm, cerebral vasospasm, ischemia/reperfusion injury, pulmonary hypertension, angina, erectile dysfunction and renal disease.
• the present invention is directed to a method of treating diseases involving smooth muscle hyper reactivity including asthma and glaucoma, which method comprises administering to a patient in need of such treatment a compound of the present invention as described above.
• the present invention is directed to a method of treating diseases mediated at least partially by Rho kinase including spinal-cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, neuropathic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease, which method comprises administering to a patient in need of such treatment a compound of the present invention as described above.
• diseases mediated at least partially by Rho kinase including spinal-cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, neuropathic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease
• the present invention is directed at pharmaceutical compositions comprising the above-mentioned compounds, processes for preparing the above- mentioned compounds and intermediates used in these processes.
• R 1 is selected from the group R la consisting of
• R a is selected from the group R al consisting of H and C 1-6 alkyl
• R b is selected from the group R bl consisting of Ci- 6 alkyl and benzyl;
• R c and R d are independently selected from the group R cdl consisting of H, Ci-ealkyl, - (CH 2 ) 2 OMe, -(CH 2 ) 2 CF 3 , and -(CH 2 ) 2 CN; or, included in the group R cdl ,
• R c and R d together with the N they are bonded to, form a heterocycle selected from morpholine and piperazine, optionally substituted with cyclopropyl or methyl;
• Het is selected from N-pyrrolidinyl and N-morpholinyl;
• X is selected from the group X a consisting of
• n 1 or 2;
• R x and R y are H; or
• R and R y taken together represent oxo
• R 2 is selected from the group R 2a consisting of
• R 3 is selected from the group R 3a consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, C3_ 6 cycloalkyl, and CH 2 C(0)NHCH 3 ;
• R is selected from H and -CH 3 ;
• R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from H, -CH 3 , -OCH 3 , -C(0)NH 2 , and -CN, provided that R 5 and R 6 are not both H;
• R 7 is selected from the group R 7a consisting of
• R 1 is selected from the group R lb consisting of
• R 1 is the group R lc consisting of
• R 1 is selected from the group R ld consisting of
• R 1 is selected from the group R le consisting of
• X is selected from the group X b consisting of
• X is selected from the group X c consisting of
• X is selected from the group X d consisting of
• X is selected from the group X e consisting of
• R 2 is selected from the group R 2b consisting of
• R 2 is selected from the group R 2c consisting of
• R 2 is selected from the group R 2d consisting of
• R 7 is selected from the group R 7b consisting of
• R 7 is selected from the group R 7c consisting of
• R a is selected from the group R a2 consisting of H and methyl;
• R c and R d are independently selected from the group R cd2 consisting of H, methyl, - (CH 2 ) 2 OMe, -(CH 2 ) 2 CF 3 , and -(CH 2 ) 2 CN; or
• R c and R d together with the N they are bonded to, form a heterocycle selected from morpholine and piperazine, optionally substituted with cyclopropyl or methyl;
• R 3 is selected from the group R 3b consisting of methyl and cyclopropyl; or a salt thereof. Any of the above substituent definitions may be combined to form additional embodiments. For example, the following table shows further representative embodiments of compounds of formula I:
• the invention relates to any of the compounds depicted in Table 1 above and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• the invention relates to a compound selected from compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 8-16, 18-24, 26, 28-40, 42, 44, 46-48, 50, 52-61, 64, 66, 70, 74, 77, 78, 81-86, 88- 90, 92-94, 96-98, 100-102, 104-106, 108-112, 114-118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140-143, 145-150 and 152-157 in Table 1, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• a given chemical formula or name shall encompass tautomers and all stereo, optical and geometrical isomers (e.g. enantiomers, diastereomers, E/Z isomers ,etc.) and racemates thereof as well as mixtures in different proportions of the separate enantiomers, mixtures of diastereomers, or mixtures of any of the foregoing forms where such isomers and enantiomers exist, as well as salts, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and solvates thereof such as for instance hydrates including solvates of the free compounds or solvates of a salt of the compound.
• Some of the compounds of formula (I) can exist in more than one tautomeric form.
• the invention includes methods for using all such tautomers.
• the invention includes pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives of compounds of formula (I).
• a "pharmaceutically acceptable derivative” refers to any pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester, or any other compound which, upon administration to a patient, is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) a compound useful for the invention, or a pharmacologically active metabolite or pharmacologically active residue thereof.
• a pharmacologically active metabolite shall be understood to mean any compound of the invention capable of being metabolized enzymatically or chemically. This includes, for example, hydroxylated or oxidized derivative compounds of the formula (I).
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts refer to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof.
• salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like.
• such salts include acetates, ascorbates, benzenesulfonates, benzoates, besylates, bicarbonates, bitartrates, bromides/hydrobromides, edetates, camsylates, carbonates, chloride s/hydrochlorides, citrates, edisylates, ethane disulfonates, estolates esylates, fumarates, gluceptates, gluconates, glutamates, glycolates, glycollylarsnilates, hexylresorcinates, hydrabamines, hydroxymaleates, hydroxynaphthoates, iodides, isothionates, lactates, lactobionates
• salts can be formed with cations from metals like aluminium, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc and the like, (also see Pharmaceutical salts, Birge, S.M. et al., J. Pharm. Sci., (1977), 66, 1-19).
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a sufficient amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic diluent like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile, or a mixture thereof.
• Salts of other acids than those mentioned above which for example are useful for purifying or isolating the compounds of the present invention also comprise a part of the invention.
• prodrugs of compounds of the formula (I) include those compounds that, upon simple chemical
• transformations are modified to produce compounds of the invention.
• Simple chemical transformations include hydrolysis, oxidation and reduction.
• the prodrug when administered to a patient, the prodrug may be transformed into a compound disclosed hereinabove, thereby imparting the desired pharmacological effect.
• the compounds of the invention are only those which are contemplated to be 'chemically stable' as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
• a compound which would have a 'dangling valency', or a 'carbanion' are not compounds contemplated by the inventive methods disclosed herein.
• C 1 _ 4 alkyl is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent radical containing 1-4 carbons such as methyl, ethyl, ⁇ -propyl, 1-methylethyl (isopropyl), rc-butyl or i-butyl;
• C 1-4 alkoxy is a C 1-4 alkyl with a terminal oxygen, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy.
• All alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups shall be understood as being branched or unbranched, cyclized or uncyclized where structurally possible and unless otherwise specified. Other more specific definitions are as follows:
• Ci-n-alkyl wherein n is an integer from 2 to n, either alone or in combination with another radical denotes an acyclic, saturated, branched or linear hydrocarbon radical with 1 to n C atoms.
• Q-s-alkyl embraces the radicals H 3 C-, H 3 C- CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH(CH 3 )-, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )-, H 3 C- CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 -, H 3 C-C(CH 3 ) 2 -, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )-, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 -, H 3 C
• Ci-n-alkylene wherein n is an integer 1 to n, either alone or in combination with another radical, denotes an acyclic, straight or branched chain divalent alkyl radical containing from 1 to n carbon atoms.
• Ci-4-alkylene includes - (CH 2 )-, -(CH 2 -CH 2 )-, -(CH(CH 3 ))-, -(CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 )-, -(C(CH 3 ) 2 )-, -(CH(CH 2 CH 3 ))-, - (CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 )-, -(CH 2 -CH(CH 3 ))-, -(CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 )-, -(CH 2 -CH 2 -CH(CH 3 ))-, - (CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 -CH 2 )-, -(CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 )-, -(CH 2 -C(CH 3 ) 2 )-, -(C (CH 3 ) 2 -CH 2 )-, -(CH(CH 3 )-CH(CH 3 )-,
• C 3 _ n -cycloalkyl wherein n is an integer 4 to n, either alone or in combination with another radical denotes a cyclic, saturated, unbranched hydrocarbon radical with 3 to n C atoms.
• C 3 _7-cycloalkyl includes cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.
• heteroatom as used herein shall be understood to mean atoms other than carbon such as O, N, S and P.
• one or more carbon atoms can be optionally replaced by heteroatoms: O, S or N, it shall be understood that if N is not substituted then it is NH, it shall also be understood that the heteroatoms may replace either terminal carbon atoms or internal carbon atoms within a branched or unbranched carbon chain.
• Such groups can be substituted as herein above described by groups such as oxo to result in definitions such as but not limited to: alkoxycarbonyl, acyl, amido and thioxo.
• nitrogen or N and "sulfur” or S includes any oxidized form of nitrogen and sulfur and the quaternized form of any basic nitrogen.
• -S-C ⁇ alkyl radical unless otherwise specified, this shall be understood to include -S(0)-C 1 _6 alkyl and -S(0) 2 -C 1 _6 alkyl, likewise, -S-R a may be represented as phenyl-S(0) m - when R, is phenyl and where m is 0, 1 or 2.
• the compounds of the invention may be prepared by the general methods and examples presented below, and methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Optimum reaction conditions and reaction times may vary depending on the particular reactants used. Unless otherwise specified, solvents, temperatures, pressures, and other reaction conditions may be readily selected by one of ordinary skill in the art. Specific procedures are provided in the Synthetic Examples section. Amide bond formations may be carried out by standard coupling conditions well-known in the art (see, for example, M.
• Bodanszky The Practice of Peptide Synthesis (Springer- Verlag: 1984), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety), for example, by reacting a carbocylic acid and an amine in the presence of l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole.
• EDC l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide
• 1-hydroxybenzotriazole 1-hydroxybenzotriazole
• reaction progress may be monitored by conventional methods such as thin layer chromatography (TLC) or high pressure liquid chromatography- mass spec (HPLC-MS).
• TLC thin layer chromatography
• HPLC-MS high pressure liquid chromatography- mass spec
• DEAD diethyl azodicarboxylate
• THF triphenylphosphine
• 3-hydroxypyrrolidine VIII is reacted with R Y, where Y is a halogen such as CI, Br or I, in the presence of a suitable base such as K 2 CO 3 in a suitable solvent such as DMSO to provide IX.
• a suitable base such as K 2 CO 3 in a suitable solvent such as DMSO
• a suitable solvent such as DMSO
• X is reacted with VI in the presence of DEAD and PPh 3 , followed by hydrolysis of the ester, for example by treatment with aqueous base, to provide X.
• Reaction of intermediate X with R ⁇ Hi under standard coupling conditions provides the desired compound of formula I.
• intermediate XI where PG is a suitable protecting group, such as a ⁇ -Boc group, is coupled with intermediate XII (R' is as defined above) by treatment with Cul I the presence of a suitable base such as K 2 C0 3 in DMF at about 90 °C. This is followed by deprotection of the carboxylic acid to provide XIII. Intermediate XIII is then coupled with the amine R 2 H. Hydrolysis of the ester is followed by coupling with R 1 NH 2 to provide the desired compound of formula I.
• PG is a suitable protecting group, such as a ⁇ -Boc group
• intermediate XIV where PG is an amine protecting group, such as a ⁇ -Boc group, is coupled with the amine R 2 H followed by a carbonylation reaction, for example by reaction with molybedinum hexacarbonyl in the presence of a suitable base such as N,N-diisoproylethyl amine and Herrmann's palladacycle, in a suitable solvent such as MeOH/THF, in a microwave reactor to provide XV.
• Hydrolysis of the ester, followed by coupling with RiNH 2 and then deprotection of the amine for example by treatment with HC1 for a ⁇ -Boc protecting group, provides the desired compound of formula I.
• Example 8 Synthesis of 3-[(S)-l-(4-cyano-phenylcarbamoyl)-ethoxy]-N-(5-methyl- 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-2-yl)-benzamide (Compound 25).
• Example 10 Synthesis of trans-4-[3-(5-Methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thiazolo[5,4- c]pyridin-2-ylcarbamoyl)-phenyl]-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid (3-cyano-phenyl)- amide fos-trifluoroacetic acid salt (Compound 17).
• Example 11 Synthesis of 3-[l-(3,4-dimethoxy-benzoyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-N-(l,2,3,4- tetrah dro-isoquinolin-7-yl)-benzamide trifluoroacetic acid (Compound 45).
• Example 12 Synthesis of 2-[3-(l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolin-7-ylcarbamoyl)- phenyl] -pyrrolidine- 1-carboxylic acid (3-cyano-phenyl)-amide trifluoroacetic acid (Compound 47).
• Example 13 Synthesis of (S)-2-[3-(5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thiazolo[5,4- c]pyridin-2-ylcarbamoyl)-phenyl]-pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid (3-cyano-phenyl)- amide trifluoroacetic acid (Compound 99) and (R)-2-[3-(5-Methyl-4,5,6,7- tetrahydro-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-2-ylcarbamoyl)-phenyl]-pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid (3-cyano-phenyl)-amide trifluoroacetic acid (Compound 101).
• Example 16 The intermediate synthesized in Example 16 is used to prepare the compounds listed below using appropriate intermediates and procedures analogous to those described in Examples 11 and 12:
• Example 16 The intermediate synthesized in Example 16 is used to prepare the compounds listed below using appropriate intermediates and procedures analogous to those described in Examples 11 and 14:
• Example 17 Extract this with EtOAc (3 x 75 mL), dry the organics (Na 2 S0 4 ) and concentrate to a clear oil which solidifies in vacuo to afford the title compound as a solid (486 mg). MS, electrospray 559.7 (M+H, dimer), rt 1.50 min.
• the intermediate synthesized in Example 17 is used to prepare the compounds listed below using appropriate intermediates and procedures analogous to those described in Examples 11 and 14:
• Example 20 The intermediate synthesized in Example 20 is used to prepare the compounds listed below using appropriate intermediates and procedures analogous to those described in Examples 11, 14 and 18:
• Compound 48 MS, electrospray 573.5 (M+H), rt 1.05 min.
• Compound 50 MS, electrospray 625 5 (M+H) , rt 1.29 min.
• Compound 52 MS, electrospray 530 1 (M+H) , rt 1.10 min.
• Compound 54 MS, electrospray 532 0 (M+H) , rt 1.12 min.
• Compound 56 MS, electrospray 525 1 (M+H) , rt 1.03 min.
• Compound 58 MS, electrospray 532 0 (M+H) , rt 1.04 min.
• Compound 60 MS, electrospray 515 1 (M+H) , rt 0.93 min.
• Compound 62 MS, electrospray 525 1 (M+H) , rt 0.98 min.
• Compound 66 MS, electrospray 514 1 (M+H) , rt 0.91 min.
• Compound 68 MS, electrospray 514 0 (M+H) , rt 1.13 min.
• Compound 70 MS, electrospray 515 1 (M+H) , rt 1.13 min.
• Compound 74 MS, electrospray 531 1 (M+H) , rt 0.97 min.
• Compound 76 MS, electrospray 532 0 (M+H) , rt 1.17 min.
• Compound 90 MS, electrospray 542 5 (M+H) , rt 1.19 min.
• Compound 92 MS, electrospray 559 4 (M+H) , rt 1.17 min.
• Compound 94 MS, electrospray 559 8 (M+H) , rt 1.10 min.
• Compound 96 MS, electrospray 542 9 (M+H) , rt 0.98 min.
• Compound 100 MS, electrospray 541.5 (M+H), rt 1.19 min.
• Compound 102 MS, electrospray 541.5 (M+H), rt 0.94 min.
• Compound 104 MS, electrospray 558.8 (M+H), rt 1.02 min.
• Compound 106 MS, electrospray 541.8 (M+H), rt 1.16 min.
• Compound 108 MS, electrospray 542.8 (M+H), rt 1.07 min.
• Compound 112 MS, electrospray 577.8 (M+H), rt 1.21 min.
• Compound 114 MS, electrospray 581.8 (M+H), rt 1.34 min.
• Compound 116 MS, electrospray 561.8 (M+H), rt 1.36 min.
• Compound 119 MS, electrospray 584.4 (M+H), rt 1.17 min.
• Compound 120 MS, electrospray 601.4 (M+H; , rt 1.10 min.
• Example 20 The intermediate synthesized in Example 20 is used to prepare the compound listed below using appropriate intermediates and procedures analogous to those described in Examples 11, 12, and 18:
• Example 20 The intermediate synthesized in Example 20 is used to prepare the compounds listed below using appropriate intermediates and procedures analogous to those described in Examples 11, 15 and 18:
• Example 21 Synthesis of 3-[(R)-l-(4-Cyano-2,3-dihydro-indole-l-carbonyl)- pyrrolidin-2-yl]-N-(5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-2-yl)- benzamide trifluoroacetic acid (Compound 42).
• Example 22 The intermediate synthesized in Example 22 is used to prepare the compound listed below using appropriate intermediates and procedures analogous to those described in Examples 11, 14,18 and 20:
• Example 23 Synthesis of 3,4-dimethoxy-N- ⁇ (R)-2-methylcarbamoyl-l-[3-(5-methyl- 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-2-ylcarbamoyl)-phenyl]-ethyl ⁇ -benzamide trifluoroacetic acid (Compound 64).
• Example 25 Synthesis of N- ⁇ (S)-6-[bis-(3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl)-amino]-4,5,6,7- tetrahydro-benzothiazol-2-yl ⁇ -3-[(4-cyano-phenylcarbamoyl)-methoxy]-benzamide (Compound 144) and 3-[(4-cyano-phenylcarbamoyl)-methoxy]-N-[(S)-6-(3,3,3- trifluoro-propylamino)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzothiazol-2-yl]-benzamide
• the compounds of the invention may be evaluated in one or both of the following two molecular assays:
• the activity of ROCKII (1-543) kinase was measured utilizing Cambrex PKLight ATP Detection Reagent, a homogeneous assay technology using luciferin-luciferase to quantify residual ATP.
• the assay was performed in 384-well low-volume, white, non- binding surface micro titer plates (Corning).
• the assay buffer was 25 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 50 mM KC1, 0.2% BSA, 0.01% CHAPS, 100 ⁇ Na 3 V0 4 and 0.5 mM DTT.
• Test compounds dissolved in neat DMSO at 500 ⁇ g/mL, were serially diluted for dose response for a final starting concentration of 3 ⁇ g/mL in 1% DMSO of assay buffer.
• ROCKII (1-543) (62,408Da) was diluted in assay buffer to a final concentration of 7.5 nM in a total volume of 15 ⁇ .
• Positive controls were reaction mixtures containing no test compound; negative controls (blanks) were reaction mixtures containing no kinase.
• a mixture of ATP and peptide substrate (AKRRRLSSLRA) in assay buffer was added to each well for a final concentration of 750 nM ATP and 500 nM peptide, respectively.
• 10 of PKLight ATP Detection Reagent was added to each well. The assay plate was incubated at room temperature for additional 15 minutes and then read on an Analyst in luminescence mode. Dose-response experiments for each of the test compounds were conducted in quadruplet. IC 50 values of test compounds represent 50% response of the positive control from the dose-response curve.
• This assay is performed using FAM S6 substrate peptide (Catalogue #R7184) and IMAP FP Screening Express Kit detection reagents from Molecular Devices (Sunnyvale, CA) in IMAP kinase reaction buffer (Tris-HCl, pH 7.2, 10 mM MgC12 , 0.05% NaN3, 0.1% phosphate-free BSA) containing 1 mM DTT.
• Test compounds dissolved in neat DMSO at 0.3 mg/mL are serially diluted 1 to 3 for concentration response in 100% DMSO.
• the DMSO serial dilutions are further diluted 33.33-fold in kinase reaction buffer, and 10 ⁇ ⁇ of this buffer dilution is transferred to Corning black 96-well half area NBS plates for a final top concentration of 3 ⁇ g/mL in 1% DMSO.
• 10 aliquot of 3 nM ROCKII (1-543) diluted in kinase reaction buffer is added to each assay well for a final concentration of 1 nM kinase.
• 10 ⁇ , of a mixture of 600 nM FAM S6 peptide and 300 ⁇ ATP diluted in kinase reaction buffer is added to each well for a final concentration of 200 nM peptide and 100 ⁇ ATP.
• the kinase reaction mixture is incubated for 60 minutes at room temperature. Positive controls are reaction mixtures containing no test compound and negative controls (blanks) are reaction mixtures containing no kinase.
• the kinase reaction is stopped by addition of 60 ⁇ ⁇ IMAP progressive binding reagent (Catalog # R7284) diluted 400-fold in IX Binding buffer A. After 30 min of incubation at room temperature, the plates are read for fluorescence polarization on Analyst Plate Reader using Ex 485 nm, Em 530 nm, and FL 505 dichroic mirror. The mP signals are converted to percent of control (POC) values using the formula:
• POC 100*(Signal -BCTRL) ⁇ (PCTRL-BCTRL) Where Signal is the test well signal, BCTRL is the average of background (negative control) well signals on the plate and PCTRL is the average of positive control well signals on the plate.
• POC as a function of test compound concentration is fitted to a 4-parameter logistic equation of the form:
• A, B, C, and D are fitted parameters (parameter B is fixed at zero POC), and y are the independent and dependent variables, respectively.
• the IC 50 is determined the inflection point parameter, C.
• Representative compounds of the present invention were tested for activity in one or both of the above assays.
• Preferred compounds have an IC 50 ⁇ 1,000 nM and more preferred compounds have an IC 50 ⁇ 100 nM in these assays.
• IC 50 ⁇ 1,000 nM and more preferred compounds have an IC 50 ⁇ 100 nM in these assays.
• the following data were obtained for the compounds named below:
• the compounds disclosed herein effectively inhibit Rho kinase.
• the inhibition of Rho kinase is an attractive means for preventing and treating a variety of cardiovascular diseases or conditions associated with Rho kinase activation.
• the compounds are useful for the treatment of diseases and conditions as described in the Background section, including the following conditions and diseases:
• the compounds of the invention will also be useful for treating diseases or conditions associated with smooth muscle hyper reactivity or with activated Rho-kinase under other pathophysiological conditions. These diseases include but are not limited to asthma, glaucoma, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, neuropathic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease.
• the compounds of the invention may be administered via a pharmaceutical composition in any conventional pharmaceutical dosage form in any conventional manner.
• Conventional dosage forms typically include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier suitable to the particular dosage form selected.
• administration include, but are not limited to, intravenously, intramuscularly,
• the preferred modes of administration are oral and intravenous.
• the compounds of this invention may be administered alone or in combination with adjuvants that enhance stability of the inhibitors, facilitate administration of pharmaceutical compositions containing them in certain embodiments, provide increased dissolution or dispersion, increase inhibitory activity, provide adjunct therapy, and the like, including other active ingredients.
• multiple compounds of the present invention can be administered.
• combination therapies utilize lower dosages of the conventional therapeutics, thus avoiding possible toxicity and adverse side effects incurred when those agents are used as monotherapies.
• Compounds of the invention may be physically combined with the conventional therapeutics or other adjuvants into a single pharmaceutical composition.
• the compounds may then be administered together in a single dosage form.
• the pharmaceutical compositions comprising such combinations of compounds contain at least about 5%, but more preferably at least about 20%, of a compound of formula (I) (w/w) or a combination thereof.
• the optimum percentage (w/w) of a compound of the invention may vary and is within the purview of those skilled in the art.
• the compounds of the present invention and the conventional therapeutics or other adjuvants may be administered separately (either serially or in parallel). Separate dosing allows for greater flexibility in the dosing regime.
• dosage forms of the compounds of this invention may include pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and adjuvants known to those of ordinary skill in the art and suitable to the dosage form.
• carriers and adjuvants include, for example, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, buffer substances, water, salts or electrolytes and cellulose-based substances.
• Preferred dosage forms include tablet, capsule, caplet, liquid, solution, suspension, emulsion, lozenges, syrup, reconstitutable powder, granule, suppository and transdermal patch. Methods for preparing such dosage forms are known (see, for example, H.C. Ansel and N.G.
• Dosage levels and requirements for the compounds of the present invention may be selected by those of ordinary skill in the art from available methods and techniques suitable for a particular patient. In some embodiments, dosage levels range from about 1-1000 mg/dose for a 70 kg patient. Although one dose per day may be sufficient, up to 5 doses per day may be given. For oral doses, up to 2000 mg/day may be required. As the skilled artisan will appreciate, lower or higher doses may be required depending on particular factors. For instance, specific dosage and treatment regimens will depend on factors such as the patient's general health profile, the severity and course of the patient's disorder or disposition thereto, and the judgment of the treating physician.

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