WO2012004184A1 - Dispositif à pistons libres et procédé pour l'échange des gaz dans un moteur à pistons libres - Google Patents

Dispositif à pistons libres et procédé pour l'échange des gaz dans un moteur à pistons libres Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012004184A1
WO2012004184A1 PCT/EP2011/061007 EP2011061007W WO2012004184A1 WO 2012004184 A1 WO2012004184 A1 WO 2012004184A1 EP 2011061007 W EP2011061007 W EP 2011061007W WO 2012004184 A1 WO2012004184 A1 WO 2012004184A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piston
free
air
expansion space
space
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/061007
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Cornelius Tertius Ferrari
Original Assignee
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. filed Critical Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.
Publication of WO2012004184A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012004184A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
    • F02B71/04—Adaptations of such engines for special use; Combinations of such engines with apparatus driven thereby
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/36—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear peculiar to machines or engines of specific type other than four-stroke cycle
    • F01L1/38—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear peculiar to machines or engines of specific type other than four-stroke cycle for engines with other than four-stroke cycle, e.g. with two-stroke cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L11/00—Valve arrangements in working piston or piston-rod
    • F01L11/02—Valve arrangements in working piston or piston-rod in piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L21/00—Use of working pistons or pistons-rods as fluid-distributing valves or as valve-supporting elements, e.g. in free-piston machines
    • F01L21/02—Piston or piston-rod used as valve members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L21/00—Use of working pistons or pistons-rods as fluid-distributing valves or as valve-supporting elements, e.g. in free-piston machines
    • F01L21/04—Valves arranged in or on piston or piston-rod
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/3442—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
    • F01L2001/34423—Details relating to the hydraulic feeding circuit
    • F01L2001/34446—Fluid accumulators for the feeding circuit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a free-piston device, comprising at least one free-piston engine with at least one piston receptacle, in which an expansion space for the expansion of a drive medium is formed, and a piston device with a piston which limits the expansion space.
  • the invention relates to a method for changing gas in a free-piston engine, which comprises a piston receptacle, an expansion space arranged in the piston receptacle, and a piston device which can move linearly in the piston receptacle with a piston which delimits the expansion space.
  • Free-piston devices are known, for example, from WO 03/091556 A1 and EP 1 398 863 A1.
  • a method for operating a free-piston device in which the restoring force is controlled and / or regulated during operation of the free-piston device by the desired value of at least one state variable of a gas in the resilience space is specified, the actual value is detected and at Deviation from the target value is at least approximately matched to the same.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a free-piston device of the type mentioned, in which a gas exchange can be performed in an optimized manner.
  • a longitudinal rinse of the expansion space can be obtained, wherein a pure longitudinal rinse can be provided or a longitudinal rinse to support a reverse rinse.
  • Air is supplied through the piston controlled via a valve means.
  • the control is in particular a time control or a control function of the position of the corresponding piston.
  • Losses in the flushing of the expansion space can be minimized by the inventive solution and the degree of capture increases. This allows a better or more controlled flushing of the expansion space can be achieved. This in turn can increase the efficiency of the overall system and emissions can be reduced.
  • the piston can be cooled by the air flow through it. As a result, a more stable combustion can be achieved, for example. It is possible to couple air from a resilience space through the piston into the expansion space. This makes it possible to obtain a coupled air supply for the resilience space and the expansion space, and thereby the number of components can be reduced.
  • blowby gas again.
  • pressure conditions arise that cause a blowby mass flow in both directions. If blowby gas enters an air supply tract, it can then be reintroduced into the expansion space in the following work steps.
  • the sealing effort for the piston-receiving combination can be minimized by eliminating the need to minimize Blowby at any cost.
  • the expansion space is associated with an outlet valve device which is arranged on an end wall of the piston receptacle opposite the piston.
  • a longitudinal flush of the expansion space can be easily achieved with a main flow direction for the introduction of air into the expansion space and with a main flow direction for the extraction of expansion gases (in particular combustion gases) from the expansion space, each at least approximately parallel to a linear direction of movement of the piston device is.
  • the delivery device is in fluid communication with an air source.
  • a direct air source can be arranged inside the piston receptacle and in particular be a resilience space (which is then in particular connected to an air reservoir).
  • the supply device it is also possible for the supply device to be in fluid-effective connection with an external air source and in particular a pressure accumulator for air.
  • the delivery device is in fluid communication with a resilience space in which a return spring means is arranged for the provision of a restoring force for the piston device. It can then pass air through the resilience space and couple into the expansion space.
  • the resilience space can itself be a direct source of air.
  • the resilience space is a gas spring space with air as the gas spring medium. This gas spring medium can then be used to flush the expansion space.
  • the springback space itself is assigned a feed device for air. It can thereby compensate for air losses of the resilience space due to decoupling of air and introduction into the expansion space.
  • the feed device is in frictionally effective connection with an air source arranged outside the piston receptacle. Air can also be introduced through the piston into the expansion space, bypassing a resilience space.
  • a connecting device is arranged on the piston, on which one or more channels of the feed device are arranged.
  • the connecting device in particular comprises a piston rod, on which at least one channel is arranged.
  • air can be fed through the piston rod to the piston for coupling into the expansion space.
  • At least one channel is arranged in the piston, which in fluid-effective connection with the expansion stands. Through the channel air can then be coupled to flush the expansion space in the expansion space.
  • the coupling in turn can be easily by opening or
  • the at least one channel in the piston is in fluid-effective connection with at least one channel, which is arranged in a connecting device. As a result, air can be supplied to the at least one channel in the piston through the connecting device.
  • the at least one channel in the piston can be in fluid-effective connection with a resilience space. It can thereby remove air from the resilience space and couple through the at least one channel through in the expansion space.
  • the valve device has at least one blocking element, by means of which the air feedthrough through the at least one channel in the piston and / or controlled by a channel in a connection device is clearly visible and closable.
  • the position of the at least one blocking element determines whether or not air is coupled into the expansion space through the piston.
  • the valve device can be controlled mechanically and / or electrically.
  • the piston position directly determines whether a valve of the valve device is open or closed.
  • an electrical control via a Control / regulating device is possible in order to achieve an optimized operation of the free-piston device.
  • the valve device comprises a rotary valve. Depending on the rotational position of the rotary valve, an air supply is open or closed.
  • the rotary valve is coupled with respect to a rotational position to the position of the piston. As a result, a mechanical control of the position of the rotary valve can be obtained in a simple manner.
  • the valve device comprises at least one poppet valve.
  • a poppet valve for example, a pressure difference control can be easily achieved.
  • the opening and blocking of the at least one poppet valve is pressure-difference-controlled.
  • the control effort or regulatory effort can be minimized.
  • an electric linear drive which comprises a rotor device and a stator device, wherein the rotor device is arranged on the piston device.
  • the electric linear drive allows electrical energy to be decoupled. For example, it is also possible to set the piston stroke via the electric linear drive.
  • the piston means comprises a first piston defining the expansion space and includes a second piston defining a resilience space with a gap between the first piston and the second piston. It is possible, for example, that the gap is used as a buffer for air.
  • the piston defines the expansion space with a first side and a resilience space with an opposite second side. It is possible in this embodiment in a simple manner to introduce directly air from a resilience space in the expansion space through the piston.
  • the invention is further based on the object of providing a method for gas exchange of the type mentioned above, by means of which optimized mud results can be obtained.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantages already explained in connection with the device according to the invention.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out on the free-piston device according to the invention.
  • a gas longitudinal purge is performed in which a main flow direction of air into the expansion space and gases from the expansion space is at least approximately parallel to a direction of movement of the piston means. This results in optimized flushing results.
  • air is introduced from a resilience space through the piston into the expansion space. In doing so, the air Supply for the flushing of the expansion space directly from the resilience space.
  • air is coupled from an air source through the piston into the expansion space, wherein this air source is in particular outside the piston seat.
  • valve device is arranged on the piston, by means of which the air feed into the expansion space is controlled as a function of the position of the piston.
  • the valve device ensures the correct air supply or blocking of the air supply in the expansion space depending on the position of the piston.
  • the air supply through the piston is timed in the expansion space.
  • This can be done by a corresponding valve device which is mechanically driven, for example, via a pressure difference between the expansion space and a resilience space or mechanically coupled to the piston.
  • Control / regulation device is possible.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a
  • Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a piston
  • Figure 3 is a schematic representation of another embodiment of a free piston device
  • Figure 4 is a detail view of a bearing of a rotary valve
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of an associated rotary valve
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a free-piston device.
  • FIG. 1 An exemplary embodiment of a free-piston device, which is shown in FIG. 1 and designated therein by 10, comprises a free-piston engine 12 with electric linear drive 14. It is basically the case that the free piston device 10 can have a plurality of free-piston engines with respective electric linear drive.
  • the free-piston engine 12 has a piston receptacle 16, which is cylindrical, for example, with a circular cross-section.
  • the piston receptacle 16 is bounded by piston walls 18.
  • a piston device 20 is movable in a linear direction 22. This linear direction is preferably parallel to an axis 24 of the piston receptacle 16.
  • the piston device 20 comprises a first piston 26, a second piston 28 and a connecting device 30, which connects the first piston 26 and the second piston 28 with each other.
  • the first piston 26 has a first piston surface 32, which faces a first end wall 34 of the piston receptacle 16. Between the first piston surface 32 and the first end wall 34, an expansion space 36 is formed in the piston seat 16. An expanding medium can exert a force on the first piston 26 in the expansion space 36 and thereby drive the piston device 20 in the linear direction 22 in a movement.
  • the expansion space 36 has a variable volume which is dependent on the position of the first piston 26 in relation to the first end wall 34.
  • the expansion space 36 is a combustion space in which fuel with oxidant may burn. The combustion gases then drive the piston device 20.
  • Heat transfer medium expands while the piston device 20 drives.
  • the second piston 28 has a second piston surface 38, which faces a second end wall 40 of the piston receptacle 16.
  • the first end wall 34 and the second end wall 40 limit the piston receptacle 16 at the front.
  • the first piston surface 32 and the second piston surface 38 are facing away from each other.
  • a resilience space 42 is formed between the second piston surface 38 and the second end wall 40.
  • a return spring 44 is received. This ensures that the piston device 20 is moved back by action on the second piston 28 in the direction of the first end wall 34.
  • the return spring device 44 is a compressible medium and in particular a gas.
  • the return spring device 44 is then designed as a gas spring.
  • the return spring means 44 may in principle also comprise one or more mechanical springs.
  • the piston device 20 Due to the expanding medium, which acts forcefully on the first piston 26, the piston device 20 is moved in the direction of the second end wall 40. In the resilience space 42, which has a variable volume, the return spring 44 is compressed. It then exercises a restoring force on the piston device 20, which then moves in the opposite direction to the first end wall 34.
  • the first piston 26 and the second piston 28 are sealed at the edge relative to the piston receptacle 16. Such a seal is indicated in connection with the second piston 28 by the reference numeral 46.
  • the expansion space 36 and the resilience space 42 are fluid-tightly separated from each other.
  • a clearance between the first piston 26 and the second piston 28 is fluid-tightly separated from the expansion space 36 and the resilience space 42.
  • the first piston 26 and the second piston 28 are spaced from each other with intermediate connection means 30. This is advantageously designed so that with guaranteed structural rigidity, the mass of the moving piston means 20 is minimized.
  • the electric linear drive 14 comprises a rotor device 48 and a stator device 50.
  • the rotor device 48 is arranged between the first piston 26 and the second piston 28 on the connection device 30. It comprises a plurality of, for example, annular permanent magnets 52a, 52b, etc., which are arranged with alternating polarity. With the linear movement of the piston device 20, the rotor device 48 moves linearly within the piston seat 16 outside of the expansion space 36 and outside the resilience space 42nd
  • the stator device 50 is arranged stationarily outside the piston receptacle. It comprises a plurality of windings 54 which surround the piston seat 16 in the region in which the rotor device 48 is movable.
  • the movement of the rotor device 48 induces a voltage on the stator device 50 which can be tapped off. There is a (Partial) conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. The electrical energy can be decoupled and used.
  • the piston stroke can be set variably via the electric linear drive 14, so that the dead points of the movement of the piston device 20 can be defined.
  • a control / regulation device 56 is provided, by means of which actuators of the free-piston device 10 can be activated and sensor signals of the free-piston device 10 can be evaluated. Furthermore, the control / regulation device 56 prescribes a control strategy and control strategy which is realized in terms of hardware and / or software.
  • At least one inlet valve 58 for fuel and / or a fuel-oxidizer mixture is arranged on the first end wall 34. Further, (at least) an outlet valve 60 is arranged on the first end wall 34, via which can be dissipated medium and in particular combustion exhaust gases from the expansion space 34.
  • an injector 61 for injecting fuel may also be provided.
  • an ignition device 62 may be provided (shown in exaggerated form in FIG. 1 for illustrative reasons) in order to be able to ignite a fuel-oxidizer mixture in the expansion space 36, which is then a combustion chamber.
  • the expansion space 36 is associated with a sensor device 64, via which one or more parameters can be measured. For example, the pressure in the expansion space 36 and / or the temperature can be measured.
  • the controller 56 controls the intake valve (s) 58, the exhaust valve 60, the ignition device 62, an air supply valve device in the expansion space 36 (see below), and optionally an injector. As a result, one or more defined points in time can open and close the intake valve or valves 58 and / or the exhaust valves 60 can be opened and closed.
  • fuel can be injected at a defined time and a fuel-oxidizer mixture can be ignited.
  • Signals from the sensor device 64 are transmitted to the control / regulation device 56.
  • the control / regulating device 56 is further coupled to the electric linear drive 14 in order to be able to influence the piston movement of the piston device 20, for example optionally via the electric linear drive 14.
  • a sensor device 66 is provided, which provides corresponding sensor signals of the control / regulation device 56, via which the instantaneous position of the piston device 20 in relation to the piston receptacle 16 can be measured.
  • the return spring space 42 if this is a gas spring chamber, associated with a pressure accumulator 68.
  • the pressure accumulator 68 is connected to the resilience space 42 via a control valve 70, which is controllable by the control / regulation device 56.
  • the pressure in the resilience space 42 for example, in a bottom dead center (UT r ) of the piston device 20, in which this is closest to the first piston 26 to the first end wall 34, adjustable. It can be adjusted by the properties of the gas spring. In particular, a spring constant or spring characteristic can be set.
  • the pressure accumulator 68 can be filled with the corresponding return spring medium or it can be emptied.
  • the pressure in the pressure accumulator 68 can be adjusted outside the piston receptacle 16.
  • a controllable three-two-way valve 72 is provided. One way is a charge path for the accumulator 68 and a second way is a vent path.
  • the three-way valve 72 is coupled to the controller 56.
  • a pump 73 is connected to an input of the three-way valve 72.
  • the resilience space 42 is assigned one or more sensors 74.
  • a pressure sensor is provided.
  • a temperature sensor may also be provided. These provide their measured values to the controller 56.
  • an arrow 76 schematically indicates that the control / regulation device 56 can also monitor, control and regulate further free-piston engines.
  • a further free-piston engine may be provided in order to obtain a mass balance with a corresponding arrangement of the piston device.
  • the piston device 20 By a repetitive expansion of medium in the expansion space 36, for example by a repetitive combustion of fuel, the piston device 20 is driven in an oscillatory motion. The piston device thereby moves between a bottom dead center (UT ex ) and top dead center (TDC ex ) relative to the expansion chamber 36.
  • the bottom dead center is defined by the fact that the first piston 26 has the greatest distance to the first end wall 34.
  • the top dead center is defined by the fact that the first piston 26 has the smallest distance to the first end wall 34.
  • a piston stroke is the distance between top dead center and bottom dead center. This is denoted by S.
  • the controller 56 performs control operations and control operations.
  • the air supply to the expansion space 36 (in particular combustion chamber) takes place in the inventive solution through the first piston 26 therethrough. This is indicated schematically in FIG. 1 by the arrow 78.
  • one or more channels 80 are arranged in the first piston 26. These are in operative connection with an air supply means 82 which provides air.
  • air may be coupled into a gap 84 between the first piston 26 and the second piston 28 via the delivery means 82, the passage or channels 80 again being in operative communication with this clearance 84. Through this, air can then be introduced into the expansion space 36 via the channel or channels 80. It is, as will be explained in more detail below, provided a valve device for controlled coupling.
  • connection device 30 It is also possible for one or more channels (see below) to be arranged in the connection device 30, which are in operative connection with the channel (s) 80. Air through these channels is then provided to the channel (s) 80 for controlled coupling into the expansion space 36.
  • air from an external source or from the resilience space 42 can be coupled.
  • the connecting means 30 comprises a piston rod 86 which is connected to the piston 26.
  • a channel 88 is formed, which is also oriented substantially parallel to the linear direction 22.
  • This channel 88 merges into one or more channels 90 in the piston 26.
  • a distributor chamber 92 may be provided, which is connected to a plurality of channels 90.
  • the one or more channels 90 are in fluid communication with the expansion space 96.
  • a corresponding channel 90 has for this purpose an orifice 94, which leads into the expansion space 36.
  • the orifice 94 is in fluid communication with the channel 88 and piston rod 86. Through the channel 88, air can be coupled into the expansion space 36 via the channel 90.
  • the channel 88 is in fluid communication with the supply means 82 for air or is part of this supply means.
  • the corresponding air may be provided by an external source of air or, if the channel 88 is in fluid communication with the resilience space 42, may be supplied with air therethrough.
  • a valve device 96 On the first piston 26, a valve device 96 is arranged.
  • a corresponding valve 98 of the valve device 96 is assigned to each channel 90, so that via the corresponding valve 98 the air injection from the channel 90 into the expansion space 36 can be controlled or blocked in a controlled manner.
  • the release or blocking can thereby be controlled and in particular controlled in time or in dependence on the position of the first piston 26.
  • a valve 98 is formed by a poppet valve 100.
  • This poppet valve 100 has a first plate 102, which is positioned in front of a side of the first piston 26, which limits the expansion space 36.
  • the poppet valve 100 also has a second plate 104, which is opposite the first plate 102 and, for example, in the distributor chamber 92 is positioned.
  • the first plate 102 and the second plate 104 are connected by a connecting rod 106.
  • the poppet valve 100 is supported by a spring 108 on a wall 110 in which the corresponding channel 90 is formed.
  • the spring 108 lies between the wall 110 and the second plate 104. Without additional force, the spring 108 strives to close the valve 98, thereby pressing the first plate 102 against the first piston surface 32.
  • Compress the spring 108 cause. This causes a lifting of the first plate 102 from the first piston surface 32 and thus an opening of the poppet valve 100. Thus, air can then flow through the corresponding channel 90 into the expansion space 36.
  • the poppet valve 100 is in particular pressure-difference-controlled.
  • the pressure difference between the expansion space 36 and the distribution space 92 determines whether the poppet valve 100 is open or closed.
  • the supply of air into the expansion space 36 can thereby be selectively controlled as a function of the pressure difference.
  • the poppet valve 100 it is also possible for the poppet valve 100 to be activated, for example, by electrical signals.
  • the gas exchange outlet valve 60 in the expansion space 36 faces the mouth orifices 94. It can thereby achieve a longitudinal purge in the expansion space 36.
  • the main flow direction for air in the expansion space 36 is at least approximately parallel to the linear direction 22.
  • the main flow direction for the discharge of gases and in particular combustion gases via the exhaust valve 60 from The expansion space 36 is also at least approximately parallel to the linear direction 22nd
  • the second piston 28 must be provided according to the first piston 26 with one or more channels and with a valve means.
  • a corresponding free-piston engine comprises a piston receptacle 112, in which a piston device with a piston 114 is linearly movable.
  • This piston 114 defines with a first piston surface 116 an expansion space and in particular combustion chamber 118.
  • the piston 114 delimits a resilience space 122, which is a gas spring space with air as gas.
  • the return spring space 122 is assigned a supply device 124 for air, via which "fresh air" can be coupled into the resilience space 122.
  • the feed device 124 in particular comprises the control valve 70.
  • channels 126 are formed between the first piston surface 116 and the second piston surface 120.
  • a corresponding channel 126 is in fluid communication with the expansion space 118 with a first orifice 128.
  • the corresponding channel 126 is in fluid communication with the resilience space 122. Air is thereby allowed to flow through the second orifice 130 through the channels 126 from the resilience space 122 into the expansion space 118 einkoppeln.
  • the air supply means 124 forms part of an air supply means in the expansion space 118 through the piston 114.
  • the piston 114 has a valve device 132, by means of which it is possible to control whether air can be injected through the channels 126 into the expansion space 118 or whether this injection is blocked.
  • the valve device 132 has a rotary slide 134, which is rotatably mounted about a rotation axis 136.
  • the rotation axis 136 is at least approximately parallel to the linear direction 22.
  • the rotary valve 134 is rotatably mounted on a shaft 138.
  • the shaft 138 is rotatably mounted in a piston rod 140.
  • the piston rod 140 runs, for example, through the resilience space 122 through a corresponding sealed opening 142 in an end wall 144 of the piston receptacle 112.
  • the end wall 144 lies opposite an end wall 146, to which (at least) an inlet valve corresponding to the inlet valve 58 and (at least) one Outlet valve corresponding to the outlet valve 60 is arranged.
  • the first piston surface 116 faces the end wall 146.
  • a disk element 148 of the rotary valve 134 has continuous
  • Openings 150 which correspond to the channels 126.
  • Disc element 148 is arranged between a first piston section 152 and a second piston section 154.
  • first piston portion 152 a first part of the channels 126 are arranged and in the second piston portion 154, a respective second part of the channels 126 are arranged, wherein for a channel 126, the first part and the second part are aligned with each other.
  • a corresponding aperture 150 is flush with the first portion of a channel 126 and the second portion of a channel 126.
  • the corresponding channel 126 is open and air can flow through the resilience space 122 into the expansion space 118.
  • a blocking position of the disc element 148 covers a non-continuous part of the disc member 148 from the second part of the corresponding channel 126, so that the fluid connection is interrupted and no air from the resilience space 122 can flow into the expansion space 118.
  • the disk element 148 can be controlled, for example, via the control / regulation device 56.
  • a corresponding drive for the shaft 138 must be provided.
  • an inductive drive is possible.
  • an oblique groove 156 is formed on the shaft 138.
  • the piston rod 140 (FIG. 4) has a recess 158 through which a pin element 160 has penetrated.
  • the recess 158 is designed so that the mobility of the piston 114 is not hindered in its linear movement.
  • the pin member 160 is fixedly connected to the piston receptacle 112. A linear movement of the piston 114 relative to the piston seat 112 causes relative movement of the groove 156 to the pin member 160. Due to the oblique orientation of the groove 156, a corresponding linear movement results in a rotational movement of the shaft 138 and thus of the disc member 148. This rotational movement causes depending on the position of the piston 114 opening or closing of the channels 126th
  • a piston 162 is provided, which delimits an expansion space with a first piston surface 163 and delimits a resilience space 166 with a second piston surface 165.
  • one or more channels 168 are arranged, which extend between the first piston surface 163 and the second piston surface 165.
  • the channel or channels 168 provide a fluid-effective connection between the resilience space 166 and the expansion space 164.
  • a valve device 170 is provided which can open and close the fluid-effective connection between the resilience space 166 and the expansion space 164.
  • the valve device 170 in this case comprises poppet valves 172, wherein in each case a poppet valve 172 is associated with a channel 168. Via a poppet valve 172, as described above, a channel 168 can be opened and closed with regard to its fluid-effective connection.
  • a corresponding poppet valve 172 is in particular pressure-difference-controlled, the pressure difference, which controls the opening and closing of a poppet valve 172, being the pressure difference between the resilience space 122 and the expansion space 164.
  • an air purging of the expansion space 36 or 118 or 164 takes place through the corresponding piston 26 or 114 or 162, which delimits the corresponding expansion space 36 or 118 or 164.
  • blowby losses on the corresponding piston can be minimized.
  • the method according to the invention works as follows:
  • Air in the resilience space 40 is expanded. By opening the three-two-way valve air is coupled into the resilience space 40. This is ideally done in the vicinity of the bottom dead center of the second piston 28 with respect to the resilience space 42, since the pressure is lowest here.
  • the exhaust valve 60 is opened and gases and in particular combustion gases can flow into an exhaust tract.
  • valve device 96 After opening the outlet valve 60, the valve device 96 is also opened. It can then flow fresh air into the expansion space 36. Depending on Embodiment comes this fresh air from the resilience space 42 or from an external air source, bypassing the resilience space 42nd
  • valve device 96 After closing the exhaust valve 60, the valve device 96 is closed. The gas exchange in the expansion space 36 is then completed.
  • the first piston 26 moves due to the prevailing pressure conditions in the direction of its top dead center and thereby the gas mixture (fuel and air) is compressed in the expansion space 36.
  • the three-way valve 72 is opened around the top dead center of the first piston 26 with respect to the expansion space 36 to supply air in the resilience space 42 to compensate for the air loss due to the air supply in the expansion space 36, if in the expansion space 36 introduced air from the resilience space 42 comes. The cycle can then begin again.
  • the rotating apparatus The rotating apparatus

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Electrically Driven Valve-Operating Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif à pistons libres qui comprend au moins un moteur à pistons libres ayant au moins un logement de piston, dans lequel est formée une chambre d'expansion pour l'expansion d'un milieu d'entraînement, et un dispositif à piston présentant un piston qui limite la chambre d'expansion, un dispositif d'amenée pour l'air étant associé au piston, et un dispositif à soupape étant agencé au piston, et étant en liaison coopérante de fluide avec le dispositif d'amenée pour l'air, l'air pouvant être introduit à travers le piston, dans la chambre d'expansion, et l'admission d'air étant commandée par le dispositif à soupape.
PCT/EP2011/061007 2010-07-06 2011-06-30 Dispositif à pistons libres et procédé pour l'échange des gaz dans un moteur à pistons libres WO2012004184A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010031010.7 2010-07-06
DE102010031010A DE102010031010A1 (de) 2010-07-06 2010-07-06 Freikolbenvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Gaswechsel in einem Freikolbenmotor

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WO2012004184A1 true WO2012004184A1 (fr) 2012-01-12

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WO (1) WO2012004184A1 (fr)

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CN113389639A (zh) * 2020-03-12 2021-09-14 赵天安 一种带压缩比调节机构的发动机

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WO2019201447A1 (fr) * 2018-04-19 2019-10-24 Suisse Technology Group Sa Générateur de moteur à piston libre et procédé de production d'énergie électrique

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CN113389639A (zh) * 2020-03-12 2021-09-14 赵天安 一种带压缩比调节机构的发动机
CN113389639B (zh) * 2020-03-12 2022-09-27 赵天安 一种带压缩比调节机构的发动机

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