WO2011161053A1 - Effet prébiotique de galactofructose - Google Patents

Effet prébiotique de galactofructose Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011161053A1
WO2011161053A1 PCT/EP2011/060226 EP2011060226W WO2011161053A1 WO 2011161053 A1 WO2011161053 A1 WO 2011161053A1 EP 2011060226 W EP2011060226 W EP 2011060226W WO 2011161053 A1 WO2011161053 A1 WO 2011161053A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
galactofructose
days
food composition
prebiotic effect
daily doses
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/060226
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Pascal Ronfard
Guillaume Baxter
Original Assignee
Solvay (Société Anonyme)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Solvay (Société Anonyme) filed Critical Solvay (Société Anonyme)
Priority to JP2013515837A priority Critical patent/JP2013530701A/ja
Priority to EP11725943.2A priority patent/EP2584919A1/fr
Publication of WO2011161053A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011161053A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7016—Disaccharides, e.g. lactose, lactulose
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L29/30—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols, e.g. xylitol; containing starch hydrolysates, e.g. dextrin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/125—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols; containing starch hydrolysates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
    • A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/40—Complete food formulations for specific consumer groups or specific purposes, e.g. infant formula
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/02—Nutrients, e.g. vitamins, minerals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the prebiotic effect of oligosaccharides on the intestinal flora of mammals.
  • a prebiotic is a non-digestible food compound that can be broken down by the microorganisms of the intestinal flora. This breakdown gives rise to an effect on the intestinal flora of the mammal, beneficial to the health thereof since it leads to development of certain bacteria of the flora.
  • bifidobacteria are known for having an important role, for example in the immune system of the hosts. Their selective development by virtue of prebiotic compounds
  • the prebiotic effect of a non-living compound refers to the change, both in composition and in activity, of the intestinal flora of the host due to the ingestion of this compound, when this change has a beneficial effect on the well-being and/or the health of the host (see: Gibson and Roberfroid, J. Nutr, 125, 1401, 1995).
  • probiotic refers, on the other hand, to a food supplement comprising living microorganisms, when these microorganisms have a beneficial effect on the host by improving the balance of its intestinal flora (see: Fuller, J. of Applied Bacteriology, 66 (5), 365-378, 1989).
  • oligosaccharides The prebiotic effect of certains oligosaccharides is known. Described in FR2844453 is the prebiotic effect of non-digestible oligosaccharides comprising chain formations of identical or different monosaccharides, the degree of polymerization of which varies between 2 and 10. These oligosaccharides, via their prebiotic effect, may contribute to the prevention of type II diabetes.
  • oligosaccharides in FR2844453 are intended for patients predisposed to type II diabetes. Taking oligosaccharides is similar to taking medication.
  • the invention aims to improve the well-being of healthy mammals, via acting on their intestinal flora.
  • the invention relates to galactofructose for its prebiotic effect on the intestinal flora of mammals, when it is incorporated into a food composition and when this is absorbed by the mammal in an amount corresponding to daily doses of galactofructose, averaged over 30 days, of between 0.05 and 0.5 g.
  • Galactofructose also called lactulose, is a disaccharide formed from the combination of two monosaccharide molecules, fructose and galactose. Its chemical formula is (4-0-p-D-Galactopyranosyl-P-D-fructofuranose). It is an isomerization product of lactose, which both have the same empirical formula
  • galactofructose when it is absorbed in small amounts according to the invention in food compositions, improves the well- being of mammals.
  • the invention also has the advantage of not interfering with the taste and the appearance (for example colour) of the food compositions.
  • the galactofructose according to the invention is incorporated into a food composition.
  • the expression "food composition” is understood to mean a composition intended for feeding mammals.
  • the mammals are preferably human beings, although the invention can also be used for improving the well-being of various mammalian animals, such as domestic animals.
  • the food composition is advantageously a composition absorbed regularly, preferably at least once a week, more preferably several times a week, and particularly preferably daily.
  • Food compositions for human beings comprising at least one foodstuff such as bread, butter, milk, fermented dairy products, cereals, biscuits, beverages and fruit juices are advantageous.
  • the food compositions are intended for feeding children.
  • a food composition comprising powdered milk intended for infant feed is one example of a food composition for which the invention is particularly suitable.
  • the galactofructose is absorbed in daily amounts, averaged over 30 days, of between 0.05 and 0.5 gram. This means that the daily doses may vary but that the total dose absorbed over one month divided by 30 is between 0.05 and 0.5 g.
  • the amounts are averaged over 7 days, which means that the total dose absorbed over seven days divided by 7 is between 0.05 and 0.5 g.
  • the daily doses of galactofructose, averaged over 30 days are between 0.1 and 0.5 g, more advantageously between 0.2 and 0.5 and more advantageously still between 0.2 and 0.4 g. It is recommended that the daily dose absorbed, not averaged, does not exceed 5 g, preferably does not exceed 2.5 g, more preferably does not exceed
  • the daily doses of galactofructose are between 0.1 and 0.5 g, over at least 7 days, preferably at least 14 days, more preferably at least 30 days.
  • galactofructose is absorbed regularly every day and the doses are no longer averages, but daily estimated values.
  • the prebiotic effect according to the invention is demonstrated in concrete terms by an increase in the population of bifidobacteria in the intestinal flora of the host mammal.
  • This increase is at least 10%, generally at least 25%, often at least 50%.
  • the population is at least doubled.
  • the population of Bifidobacterium spp bifidobacteria, expressed in log 10 is increased by 0.5 at least, which corresponds to a multiplication of the population by a factor of around 3 at least.
  • Bifidobacterium spp bifidobacteria protect the gut against colonization by pathogenic bacteria.
  • This protection results, on the one hand, from the competition at the surface of the cells, from the competition for essential nutrients, from the production of antimicrobial agents and from the production of compounds comprising short-chain fatty acids, which decrease the pH of the faeces and inhibit the development of pathogenic bacteria.
  • Bifidobacterium spp bifidobacteria are also associated with a strengthening of the immune system, especially in children, and with a preventive action against cancer, via a reduction in the activity of enzymes that convert procarcinogenic substances into carcinogenic substances (see von Wright et al., Eur J.
  • the increase in the population of bifidobacteria does not require any probiotic in the food composition. It is even recommended that the composition be substantially free thereof.
  • the expression “substantially free of probiotics”, is understood to mean that the food composition alone, in the absence of galactofructose, gives rise to an increase in the population of
  • the invention is preferably aimed at mammals in good health, exhibiting no signs of disease. It makes it possible to improve their well-being. Under certain circumstances, it also makes it possible to protect their good health, in a preventative manner.
  • the invention also relates to a food composition as is, comprising galactofructose for its prebiotic effect on the intestinal flora of mammals, when the food composition is absorbed in an amount corresponding to daily doses of galactofructose, averaged over 30 days, of between 0.05 and 0.5 g.
  • the food composition according to the invention is advantageously a regularly absorbed composition, and preferably contains a foodstuff intended for children, such as powdered milk for infant feed.
  • this is also substantially free of probiotics.
  • the invention also relates to a prepackaged dose of the composition as herein described, comprising from 0.1 to 0.5 gram of galactofructose. It is recommended to absorb such a dose daily.
  • the invention finally relates to a process for manufacturing a composition according to the invention, according to which a galactofructose powder, having a water content of less than 5% by weight and an average particle size D50 of less than 500 ⁇ , is mixed with a foodstuff.
  • the powder may be manufactured according to the process described in FR2898516.
  • the process according to the invention is particularly advantageous when the foodstuff is itself in powder form, as is the case of milk powders for feeding children, for example.
  • the bifidobacterium spp population of the faeces before the test, measured by the FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) technique was around 8.5 logl O cells/g faeces on average. At the end of the test (30 days), this population increased to around 9 log 10 in the group absorbing galactofructose according to the invention. No significant variation (taking into account natural variations in measurement) was observed in the placebo group. 30 days after the end of the ingestion, the bifidobacterium population of the galactofructose group returned to a value close to 8.75 on average. Furthermore, it was verified that the total population of anaerobic bacteria varied little during and after the test, both in the galactofructose group and in the placebo group.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Obesity (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Pediatric Medicine (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Dairy Products (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur le galactofructose pour son effet prébiotique sur la flore intestinale de mammifères, lorsqu'il est incorporé dans une composition d'aliments et lorsque celui-ci est absorbé par le mammifère dans une quantité correspondante à des doses quotidiennes de galactofructose, moyennées sur 30 jours, comprises entre 0,05 et 0,5 g.
PCT/EP2011/060226 2010-06-22 2011-06-20 Effet prébiotique de galactofructose WO2011161053A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2013515837A JP2013530701A (ja) 2010-06-22 2011-06-20 ガラクトフルクトースのプレバイオティクス効果
EP11725943.2A EP2584919A1 (fr) 2010-06-22 2011-06-20 Effet prébiotique de galactofructose

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1054956A FR2961378A1 (fr) 2010-06-22 2010-06-22 Effet prebiotique d'oligosaccharides
FR1054956 2010-06-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011161053A1 true WO2011161053A1 (fr) 2011-12-29

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PCT/EP2011/060226 WO2011161053A1 (fr) 2010-06-22 2011-06-20 Effet prébiotique de galactofructose

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP2584919A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013530701A (fr)
FR (1) FR2961378A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011161053A1 (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB865593A (en) * 1956-03-10 1961-04-19 Tervalon Nv Improvements in or relating to methods of producing bifidus-active food preparations
US20020015990A1 (en) * 1996-12-12 2002-02-07 Mamoru Tomita Lactobacillus bifidus growth promoting composition and use thereof
FR2844453A1 (fr) 2002-09-13 2004-03-19 Agronomique Inst Nat Rech Utilisation de pre-biotiques pour la prevention de l'installation du diabete de type ii
US20040191295A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2004-09-30 Locniskar Mary Frances Composition and method for viral inhibition
FR2898516A1 (fr) 2006-03-17 2007-09-21 Innov Ia Sa Procede de preparation d'une composition pulverulente et produit tel qu'obtenu
WO2007117175A1 (fr) * 2006-04-10 2007-10-18 Avva Pharmaceuticals Ag Composition pharmaceutique d'entérosorbant et de prébiotiques, formes galéniques et procédé pour la prévention et le traitement de troubles gastrointestinaux
EP2014181A2 (fr) * 2007-06-15 2009-01-14 S.I.I.T. S.r.l. Servizio Internazionale Imballaggi Termosaldanti Compositions basées sur des ingrédients prébiotiques et immunogéniques pour la prévention et le traitement de troubles gastroentériques provoqués par le dysbiosis et/ou des altérations de la flore intestinale normale

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB865593A (en) * 1956-03-10 1961-04-19 Tervalon Nv Improvements in or relating to methods of producing bifidus-active food preparations
US20020015990A1 (en) * 1996-12-12 2002-02-07 Mamoru Tomita Lactobacillus bifidus growth promoting composition and use thereof
FR2844453A1 (fr) 2002-09-13 2004-03-19 Agronomique Inst Nat Rech Utilisation de pre-biotiques pour la prevention de l'installation du diabete de type ii
US20040191295A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2004-09-30 Locniskar Mary Frances Composition and method for viral inhibition
FR2898516A1 (fr) 2006-03-17 2007-09-21 Innov Ia Sa Procede de preparation d'une composition pulverulente et produit tel qu'obtenu
WO2007117175A1 (fr) * 2006-04-10 2007-10-18 Avva Pharmaceuticals Ag Composition pharmaceutique d'entérosorbant et de prébiotiques, formes galéniques et procédé pour la prévention et le traitement de troubles gastrointestinaux
EP2014181A2 (fr) * 2007-06-15 2009-01-14 S.I.I.T. S.r.l. Servizio Internazionale Imballaggi Termosaldanti Compositions basées sur des ingrédients prébiotiques et immunogéniques pour la prévention et le traitement de troubles gastroentériques provoqués par le dysbiosis et/ou des altérations de la flore intestinale normale

Non-Patent Citations (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ANONYMUS: "Biologically Active Dietary Supplement", January 2010 (2010-01-01), XP002614008, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.gnpd.com> [retrieved on 20101213] *
ANONYMUS: "Body management Milk Drink", March 2002 (2002-03-01), XP002614003, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.gnpd.com> [retrieved on 20101213] *
ANONYMUS: "Growing Up Milk (Stage 3)", May 2009 (2009-05-01), XP002614010, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.gnpd.com> [retrieved on 20101213] *
ANONYMUS: "Honey Chorus Lactic Drink", November 2002 (2002-11-01), XP002614007, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.gnpd.com> [retrieved on 20101213] *
ANONYMUS: "Mai-asa Sokai", July 2000 (2000-07-01), XP002614012, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.gnpd.com> [retrieved on 20101213] *
ANONYMUS: "Milk Powder for Mom", July 2008 (2008-07-01), XP002614011, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.gnpd.com> [retrieved on 20101213] *
ANONYMUS: "Milk Powder for the Middle-Aged and Old", January 2008 (2008-01-01), XP002614006, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.gnpd.com> [retrieved on 20101213] *
ANONYMUS: "Milk Powder", July 2007 (2007-07-01), XP002614005, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.gnpd.com> [retrieved on 20101213] *
ANONYMUS: "PDF Presentations", 25 March 2008 (2008-03-25), Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://web.archive.org/web/20080325062835/www.lactose.ru/present> [retrieved on 20101213] *
ANONYMUS: "Stage 2 Milk Powder", March 2010 (2010-03-01), XP002614009, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.gnpd.com> [retrieved on 20101213] *
BALLONGUE J ET AL: "EFFECTS OF LACTULOSE AND LACTITOL ON COLONIC MICROFLORA AND ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY", SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, INFORMA HEALTHCARE, GB, vol. 32, no. SUPPL. 222, 1 January 1997 (1997-01-01), pages 41 - 44, XP009033566, ISSN: 0036-5521 *
EINERHAND S ET AL: "The good taste for health: solactis(R), a well-studied prebiotic that efficiently regulates transit even at low dosages", WELLNESS FOODS EUROPE, DR. HARNISCH VERLAGSGESELLSCHAFT GMBH, DE, no. 3, 1 January 2009 (2009-01-01), pages 44 - 47, XP009142429, ISSN: 1612-247X *
FULLER, J OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY, vol. 66, no. 5, 1989, pages 365 - 378
GIBSON, ROBERFROID, J. NUTR, vol. 125, 1995, pages 1401
NAGENDRA R ET AL: "EFFECT OF INCORPORATING LACTULOSE IN INFANT FORMULA ON ABSORPTION AND RETENTION OF NITROGEN, CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS AND IRON IN RATS", INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL, ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE, BARKING, GB, vol. 4, no. 8, 1 January 1994 (1994-01-01), pages 779 - 788, XP000933640, ISSN: 0958-6946, DOI: DOI:10.1016/0958-6946(94)90007-8 *
NOBUO SEKI: "Lactulose as a prebiotics, and Enhancement of Calcium and Magnesium Absorption", 14 May 2007 (2007-05-14), XP002614002, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://lactose.ru/present/1Nobuo_Seki.pdf> [retrieved on 20101210] *
See also references of EP2584919A1
VON WRIGHT ET AL., EUR J. GASTROENTEROL. HEPATOL., vol. 11, no. 11, November 1999 (1999-11-01), pages 1195 - 1198
Y BOUHNIK, A ATTAR, FA JOLY, M RIOTTOT, F DYARD, B FLOURIÉ: "Lactulose ingestion increases faecal bifidobacterial counts: A randomised double-blind study in healthy humans", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION, vol. 58, no. 3, March 2004 (2004-03-01), pages 462 - 466, XP002614004, ISSN: 0954-3007, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v58/n3/pdf/1601829a.pdf> [retrieved on 20101210], DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601829 *

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FR2961378A1 (fr) 2011-12-23
JP2013530701A (ja) 2013-08-01
EP2584919A1 (fr) 2013-05-01

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