WO2011157867A1 - Machine and system for tensioning rods for the reinforcement of structural elements - Google Patents

Machine and system for tensioning rods for the reinforcement of structural elements Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011157867A1
WO2011157867A1 PCT/ES2011/000190 ES2011000190W WO2011157867A1 WO 2011157867 A1 WO2011157867 A1 WO 2011157867A1 ES 2011000190 W ES2011000190 W ES 2011000190W WO 2011157867 A1 WO2011157867 A1 WO 2011157867A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bars
reinforcement
tensioning
structural
structural elements
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Application number
PCT/ES2011/000190
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alfredo Martín LUIZAGA PATIÑO
Vicente Alcaraz Carrillo De Albornoz
Original Assignee
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
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Publication of WO2011157867A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011157867A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0203—Arrangements for filling cracks or cavities in building constructions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
    • E04G21/121—Construction of stressing jacks

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the technical field of construction, both in building and civil works, and more specifically to the reinforcement systems of reinforced concrete structures used in this type of construction.
  • the reinforcement of concrete structures is a sector in which much is being investigated in recent years, due to the aging and deterioration of many concrete structures that were built 30-40 years ago, and even less time, but in more aggressive environments .
  • Reinforcements that have been traditionally used include reinforcements with reinforced concrete, steel sheets, and more recently the use of high-performance materials or FRPs, thus known by its acronym in English (Fiber Reinforced Plastics).
  • the FRPs pose multiple advantages over the rest of the materials with which reinforcements are made, their main drawback being their price and the difficulty of taking full advantage of them.
  • One way to achieve their full performance would be through the introduction of previous efforts in said materials, before or during their installation, that is, before or during the placement of reinforcement bars in concrete structures.
  • the present invention solves the problems existing in the state of the art by a method for tensioning bars for the reinforcement of structures.
  • This reinforcement of structures includes flexural reinforcement, including the recovery of originated arrows, elimination of fissures and reinforcement of structures with shear stress.
  • the present method consists of several stages.
  • an anchor is made of the ends of the bars, to immobilize these, by means of a passive anchor at one end, and an active anchor at the other end.
  • the anchorage length is determined based on the previous tension that is intended to be introduced in the structural element to be reinforced.
  • epoxy resin is injected into a copper tube with a diameter greater than the reinforcement bar, which has been previously placed perfectly centered on one end of the rebar.
  • the adhesion developed between resin and reinforcement bar is transmitted to a washer-type cylindrical plate, which in turn rests on the load-sharing element.
  • the reinforcing bar is fixed directly on the concrete, at the previously determined anchoring length.
  • a traction system is placed, which can be a hydraulic jack or similar, and once balanced, the load begins to be applied, until the desired traction is obtained.
  • an immobilization of the traction system and of the pushing element against which the traction system pushes is carried out, placing at least one supplement that immobilizes the pushing element and which prevents displacements and voltage losses. In this way it is also possible to remove the traction system without the bars losing the load that has been introduced.
  • the bars are tensioned, they are immobilized by applying gluing means along their entire connection to the concrete structural element.
  • epoxy resin is used above the bars, trying to completely fill the cuts that were made for the arrangement of the bars.
  • the resin has hardened, the rest of the elements used can be removed, for which it will be necessary to cut the bars at the end where the active anchor was located.
  • the system has a traction system, which may consist of a hydraulic jack or similar element, which preferably has a pressure gauge and a small hydraulic cylinder to provide traction.
  • the system has anchoring devices for the bars, so that each bar has two anchors at its ends, one passive and one active.
  • the system for tensioning bars also has load-sharing elements in the concrete. These are plates of a material that distribute the action of the charges that are introduced into the structural element of concrete, so as not to damage it. These plates could be made of metal or a similar material.
  • said plates can take the form of wedges, in the event that the bars are not perpendicular to the face of the concrete structure where the active anchors of the bars are located, as can happen for example in the shear reinforcement of a reinforced concrete beam.
  • the system object of the present invention additionally has a pushing element, against which the pulling system pushes. It is an element of great rigidity, with perforations or grooves that are crossed by the bars that are intended to be tensioned, and that receives the thrust of the traction system without suffering deformations.
  • the system also has two blocking supplements, which block the thrust element in a certain position, and prevent the bars from being distended by a possible relaxation of the traction system, and allow also remove the traction system before the end of the process of fixing the bars to the structural element they reinforce.
  • Figure 1 is a top perspective view of an embodiment of a system for tensioning bars for the reinforcement of structures object of the present invention for a possible configuration for flexural reinforcement.
  • Figure 2 is a side view of an embodiment of a system for tensioning bars for the reinforcement of structures object of the present invention for a possible configuration for shear reinforcement.
  • Figure 3 is a bottom side perspective view of an embodiment of a system for tensioning bars for reinforcing structures for a possible configuration for shear reinforcement.
  • Figure 4 is a bottom side perspective view of an embodiment of a system for tensioning bars for reinforcing structures for a possible configuration for shear reinforcement.
  • Figure 5 is a side view of an embodiment of a system for tensioning bars for the reinforcement of structures for a possible configuration in which reinforced concrete elements are crossed for flexural reinforcement.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of the system for tensioning bars for the reinforcement of structures of Figure 5.
  • Figure 7 is a view of several embodiments of the pushing element, against which the traction system pushes, with holes and grooves for the passage of the bars therethrough.
  • An object of the present invention is a method for tensioning bars 2 for the reinforcement of concrete structural elements 1.
  • the cuts made are cleaned, with water or pressurized air, to eliminate possible remains of dust and dirt and subsequently achieve a good arrangement of the bars 2 and adequate adhesion with the epoxy resin.
  • the bars 2 to be drawn are prepared and placed in the cuts made in the structural element 1, with the load sharing elements 4.8, to avoid damaging the concrete when pressure is applied with the hydraulic jack 7.
  • a first load distribution element 4 is arranged at a first end of the bars 2 to be tensioned
  • a second load distribution element 8 is arranged at a second end of said bars 2. Additionally, in this step the element is introduced Push 6, against which the cat 7 will push.
  • epoxy resin is used in cylindrical copper sections of a diameter greater than the reinforcement bar 2 in which the ends are anchored of the bars 2, or, in the case of the passive anchor 3, the first end of the bars 2 is directly attached to the structural element 1 by the epoxy resin.
  • the hydraulic jack 7, or any other similar element is placed, and once balanced, the load begins to be applied, until the desired traction is obtained.
  • At least one blocking supplement that immobilizes the pushing element 6 is placed in a determined position and prevents displacements and voltage losses. At this time it is possible to remove the traction element 7 used, without the bars suffering loss of load.
  • Another object of the present invention is the system for tensioning bars 2 for the reinforcement of structures 1 used in the method detailed above.
  • the system for tensioning bars 2 has a traction system 7, which preferably can be a hydraulic jack 7, although it could be another similar element.
  • This traction system 7 has a pressure gauge for pressure control, and a small hydraulic cylinder to provide the load.
  • the system has anchors 3, 5 for the bars 2.
  • Each bar 2 has two anchors 3.5 at its ends, a passive anchor 3 at a first end of the bar 2, and an active anchor 5 at a second end from bar 2.
  • the passive anchor 3 can be obtained using cylindrical sections of copper or other material filled with an epoxy resin and introducing the first end of the bar 2 inside so that it is fixed inside the cylindrical section when the resin hardens.
  • Another embodiment would consist in contacting the bar 2 with the concrete structural element 1 and applying epoxy resin at the first end of the bar 2, so that when it hardens it fixes said first end to the concrete structural element 1.
  • the active anchor 5 preferably it is also made with cylindrical sections of copper or other epoxy resin filled material, and introducing the second end of the bar 2 inside it so that it is fixed inside the cylindrical section when it hardens the resin
  • the system for tensioning bars 2 must have load-sharing elements 4.8 on the concrete structural element 1.
  • load sharing elements 4,8 are plates of a material that distributes the action of the loads that are introduced in the concrete structural element 1, so as not to damage it.
  • These plates could be made of metal or a similar material.
  • said plates can take the form of wedges, in the case that the bars 2 are not perpendicular to the face of the concrete structural element 1 where the active anchors 5 of the bars 2 are located, as can happen, for example, in the shear reinforcement of a reinforced concrete beam, as seen in figure 2.
  • the system for tensioning bars 2 has a pushing element 6, against which the cylinder of the hydraulic jack 7 pushes, and which is a highly rigid element, with holes 10 or grooves 11 that are crossed by the bars 2 to tense, and that receives the thrust of the cat 7 without suffering deformations.
  • the system object of the present invention has at least one blocking supplement 9 fixed to the pushing element 6, which blocks said pushing element 6 in a certain position avoiding displacements and loss of load, and with it that the bars 2 are distended by a possible relaxation of the hydraulic jack 7.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and system for tensioning rods for the reinforcement of structural elements used in said method. According to the method, incisions are made in the structural concrete element (1) to be reinforced and, subsequently, the rods (2) are installed together with a first load-distribution element (4) at a first end of the rods (2) and a second load-distribution element (8) and a thrust element (6) at a second end. Next, the first ends of the rods are immobilised using a passive anchor (3) and the second ends are immobilised using an active anchor (5), and a tensile load is applied to the rods (2) using a traction system (7) at the second ends which pushes against the thrust element (6), subsequently immobilising the rods (2) with adhesion means.

Description

MÉTODO Y SISTEMA PARA TENSAR BARRAS APLICADO AL REFUERZO DE  METHOD AND SYSTEM TO TENSE BARS APPLIED TO THE REINFORCEMENT OF
ELEMENTOS ESTRUCTURALES  STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
CAMPO TÉCNICO DE LA INVENCIÓN TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención pertenece al campo técnico de la construcción, tanto en edificación como en obra civil, y más concretamente a los sistemas de refuerzo de estructuras de hormigón armado empleadas en este tipo de construcciones. The present invention belongs to the technical field of construction, both in building and civil works, and more specifically to the reinforcement systems of reinforced concrete structures used in this type of construction.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
El refuerzo de estructuras de hormigón es un sector en el cual se está investigando mucho en los últimos años, debido al envejecimiento y deterioro de muchas estructuras de hormigón que se construyeron hace 30-40 años, e incluso menos tiempo, pero en ambientes más agresivos. The reinforcement of concrete structures is a sector in which much is being investigated in recent years, due to the aging and deterioration of many concrete structures that were built 30-40 years ago, and even less time, but in more aggressive environments .
Los refuerzos que se han empleado tradicionalmente incluyen recrecidos con hormigón armado, chapas de acero, y más recientemente la utilización de materiales de altas prestaciones o FRPs, así conocidos por sus siglas en inglés (Fiber Reinforced Plastics).  Reinforcements that have been traditionally used include reinforcements with reinforced concrete, steel sheets, and more recently the use of high-performance materials or FRPs, thus known by its acronym in English (Fiber Reinforced Plastics).
Los FRPs plantean múltiples ventajas frente al resto de materiales con los que se realizan refuerzos, siendo su principal inconveniente su precio y la dificultad de aprovecharlos plenamente. Una forma de conseguir su pleno rendimiento sería mediante la introducción de esfuerzos previos en dichos materiales, antes o durante su puesta en obra, es decir, antes o durante la colocación de las barras de refuerzo en las estructuras de hormigón.  The FRPs pose multiple advantages over the rest of the materials with which reinforcements are made, their main drawback being their price and the difficulty of taking full advantage of them. One way to achieve their full performance would be through the introduction of previous efforts in said materials, before or during their installation, that is, before or during the placement of reinforcement bars in concrete structures.
En la actualidad, se ha estado experimentando en laboratorio con barras activas de fibra de carbono para el refuerzo de estructuras de hormigón.  Currently, it has been experimenting in the laboratory with active carbon fiber rods for the reinforcement of concrete structures.
Un ejemplo de estos experimentos es el artículo "CFRP near surface mounted reinforcement (NSMR) for pre-stressing concrete beams", H. Nordin, Prof. B. Táljsten y A. Carolin, Lulea University of Technology, Suecia, 2002.  An example of these experiments is the article "CFRP near surface mounted reinforcement (NSMR) for pre-stressing concrete beams", H. Nordin, Prof. B. Táljsten and A. Carolin, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden, 2002.
Una técnica diferente es la que se describe por ejemplo en el documento "Strengthening of RC Structures with near surface mounted FRP Rods", de Laura de Lorenzis y Antonio Nanni, Center for Infrastructure Engineering Studies, University of Missouri-Rolla, 2002. Otro ejemplo más es el procedimiento descrito en el artículo "Passive and active near- surface mounted FRP rods for flexural strengthening of RC beams", Laura de Lorenzis, Francesco Micelli y Antonio La Tegola, University of Leche, 2006. A different technique is described for example in the document "Strengthening of RC Structures with near surface mounted FRP Rods", by Laura de Lorenzis and Antonio Nanni, Center for Infrastructure Engineering Studies, University of Missouri-Rolla, 2002. Another example is the procedure described in the article "Passive and active near-surface mounted FRP rods for flexural strengthening of RC beams", Laura de Lorenzis, Francesco Micelli and Antonio La Tegola, University of Milk, 2006.
Sin embargo, estos procedimientos son muy rudimentarios y no tienen aplicación fuera de un laboratorio, debido al entorno de trabajo real y las restricciones que impone una estructura ya construida. However, these procedures are very rudimentary and have no application outside a laboratory, due to the real work environment and the restrictions imposed by an already built structure.
Era por tanto deseable un método y un sistema que consiguieran obtener unos refuerzos eficientes para las estructuras en la construcción, mediante el pre-tensado de las barras, al colocarlas en dichas estructuras, evitando los inconvenientes existentes en los anteriores sistemas del estado de la técnica.  It was therefore desirable a method and a system that were able to obtain efficient reinforcements for the structures in the construction, by pre-tensioning the bars, when placing them in said structures, avoiding the inconveniences existing in the prior art systems .
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención resuelve los problemas existentes en el estado de la técnica mediante un método para tensar barras para el refuerzo de estructuras. Este refuerzo de estructuras incluye refuerzo a flexión, incluyendo la recuperación de flechas originadas, eliminación de fisuras y refuerzo de estructuras a esfuerzo cortante. El presente método consta de varias etapas. The present invention solves the problems existing in the state of the art by a method for tensioning bars for the reinforcement of structures. This reinforcement of structures includes flexural reinforcement, including the recovery of originated arrows, elimination of fissures and reinforcement of structures with shear stress. The present method consists of several stages.
En primer lugar se realizan unos cortes rectos superficiales en el elemento estructural de hormigón a reforzar, con una profundidad equivalente al recubrimiento de los cercos, con la ayuda de una radial o elemento similar. Es necesario que la disposición de las barras, y por tanto de los cortes que se realicen, guarden simetría con respecto al eje longitudinal del elemento estructural que se va a reforzar.  In the first place, straight surface cuts are made in the structural concrete element to be reinforced, with a depth equivalent to the covering of the fences, with the help of a radial or similar element. It is necessary that the arrangement of the bars, and therefore of the cuts that are made, keep symmetry with respect to the longitudinal axis of the structural element to be reinforced.
A continuación se colocan las barras que se pretenden tensar en los cortes del elemento estructural, con unos elementos de reparto de cargas, que reparten la carga recibida y evitan dañar el hormigón, y se introduce un elemento de empuje contra el que empujará posteriormente un sistema de tracción.  Next, the bars that are intended to be tensioned are placed in the cuts of the structural element, with load-sharing elements, which distribute the received load and avoid damaging the concrete, and a thrust element is introduced against which a system will subsequently push traction
Después se realiza un anclaje de los extremos de las barras, para inmovilizar éstas, mediante un anclaje pasivo en uno de los extremos, y un anclaje activo en el otro extremo. Existen dos procedimientos para realizar el anclaje de las barras, que aprovechan la adherencia desarrollada entre la resina epoxi y la barra de refuerzo. La longitud de anclaje se determina en función de la tensión previa que se pretende introducir en el elemento estructural a reforzar.  Then an anchor is made of the ends of the bars, to immobilize these, by means of a passive anchor at one end, and an active anchor at the other end. There are two procedures for anchoring the bars, which take advantage of the adhesion developed between the epoxy resin and the reinforcing bar. The anchorage length is determined based on the previous tension that is intended to be introduced in the structural element to be reinforced.
En el primer método, se inyecta resina epoxi en un tubo de cobre de diámetro superior a la barra de refuerzo, que ha sido previamente colocado perfectamente centrado en un extremo de la barra de refuerzo. La adherencia desarrollada entre resina y barra de refuerzo se transmite a una placa cilindrica tipo arandela, que apoya su vez sobre el elemento de reparto de cargas. In the first method, epoxy resin is injected into a copper tube with a diameter greater than the reinforcement bar, which has been previously placed perfectly centered on one end of the rebar. The adhesion developed between resin and reinforcement bar is transmitted to a washer-type cylindrical plate, which in turn rests on the load-sharing element.
En el segundo método de anclaje, se fija la barra de refuerzo directamente sobre el hormigón, en la longitud de anclaje previamente determinada.  In the second anchoring method, the reinforcing bar is fixed directly on the concrete, at the previously determined anchoring length.
Una vez fijadas las barras se coloca un sistema de tracción, que puede ser un gato hidráulico o similar, y una vez equilibrado se empieza a aplicar la carga, hasta obtener la tracción deseada.  Once the bars have been fixed, a traction system is placed, which can be a hydraulic jack or similar, and once balanced, the load begins to be applied, until the desired traction is obtained.
Preferentemente, para evitar la pérdida de carga por relajación del sistema de tracción, se realiza una inmovilización del sistema de tracción y del elemento de empuje contra el que el sistema de tracción empuja, colocando al menos un suplemento que inmoviliza el elemento de empuje y que evita que se produzcan desplazamientos y pérdidas de tensión. De esta forma además es posible retirar el sistema de tracción sin que las barras pierdan la carga que ha sido introducida.  Preferably, in order to avoid the loss of load by relaxation of the traction system, an immobilization of the traction system and of the pushing element against which the traction system pushes is carried out, placing at least one supplement that immobilizes the pushing element and which prevents displacements and voltage losses. In this way it is also possible to remove the traction system without the bars losing the load that has been introduced.
Finalmente, cuando las barras están tensadas se inmovilizan éstas aplicando medios de pegado a lo largo de toda su unión al elemento estructural de hormigón. De forma preferente se utiliza resina epoxi por encima de las barras, procurando llenar completamente los cortes que se hicieron para la disposición de las barras. Alternativamente, también sería posible el pre-relleno de los cortes en el elemento estructural a reforzar antes de la colocación de las barras, para mejorar el relleno de los mismos. Cuando la resina ha endurecido, se puede retirar el resto de elementos utilizados, para lo que será necesario cortar las barras por el extremo donde estaba situado el anclaje activo. Finally, when the bars are tensioned, they are immobilized by applying gluing means along their entire connection to the concrete structural element. Preferably, epoxy resin is used above the bars, trying to completely fill the cuts that were made for the arrangement of the bars. Alternatively, it would also be possible to pre-fill the cuts in the structural element to be reinforced before placing the bars, to improve their filling. When the resin has hardened, the rest of the elements used can be removed, for which it will be necessary to cut the bars at the end where the active anchor was located.
En ocasiones puede ser necesario realizar alguna operación adicional, como por ejemplo realizar unos taladros en algún elemento estructural para alcanzar la viga que está detrás. Estas operaciones no suponen sin embargo ninguna modificación en el método anteriormente descrito.  Sometimes it may be necessary to perform some additional operation, such as drilling some structural elements to reach the beam behind. These operations do not however imply any modification in the method described above.
Otro objeto de la presente invención es el sistema para tensar barras para el refuerzo de estructuras utilizado en el método anteriormente descrito. El sistema tiene un sistema de tracción, que puede consistir en un gato hidráulico o elemento similar, que de forma preferente tiene un manómetro y un cilindro hidráulico de pequeñas dimensiones para proporcionar la tracción. Además, el sistema presenta unos dispositivos de anclaje de las barras, de tal forma que cada barra tiene dos anclajes en sus extremos, uno pasivo y uno activo. El sistema para tensar barras dispone también de unos elementos de reparto de cargas en el hormigón. Se trata de unas placas de un material que reparten la acción de las cargas que se introducen en el elemento estructural de hormigón, para no deteriorarlo. Estas placas podrían estar hechas de metal o de un material similar. Además, dichas placas pueden adoptar la forma de cuñas, en el caso de que las barras no sean perpendiculares a la cara de la estructura de hormigón donde se encuentran los anclajes activos de las barras, como puede suceder por ejemplo en el refuerzo a cortante de una viga de hormigón armado. Another object of the present invention is the system for tensioning bars for the reinforcement of structures used in the method described above. The system has a traction system, which may consist of a hydraulic jack or similar element, which preferably has a pressure gauge and a small hydraulic cylinder to provide traction. In addition, the system has anchoring devices for the bars, so that each bar has two anchors at its ends, one passive and one active. The system for tensioning bars also has load-sharing elements in the concrete. These are plates of a material that distribute the action of the charges that are introduced into the structural element of concrete, so as not to damage it. These plates could be made of metal or a similar material. In addition, said plates can take the form of wedges, in the event that the bars are not perpendicular to the face of the concrete structure where the active anchors of the bars are located, as can happen for example in the shear reinforcement of a reinforced concrete beam.
El sistema objeto de la presente invención tiene adicionalmente un elemento de empuje, contra el que empuja el sistema de tracción. Se trata de un elemento de gran rigidez, con perforaciones o ranuras que son atravesadas por las barras que se pretende tensar, y que recibe el empuje del sistema de tracción sin sufrir deformaciones.  The system object of the present invention additionally has a pushing element, against which the pulling system pushes. It is an element of great rigidity, with perforations or grooves that are crossed by the bars that are intended to be tensioned, and that receives the thrust of the traction system without suffering deformations.
De acuerdo con una realización preferente de la invención, el sistema cuenta además con dos suplementos de bloqueo, los cuales bloquean el elemento de empuje en una posición determinada, y evitan que las barras se destensen por una posible relajación del sistema de tracción, y permiten además retirar el sistema de tracción antes de que finalice el proceso de fijado de las barras al elemento estructural que refuerzan. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS  According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the system also has two blocking supplements, which block the thrust element in a certain position, and prevent the bars from being distended by a possible relaxation of the traction system, and allow also remove the traction system before the end of the process of fixing the bars to the structural element they reinforce. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
A continuación, para facilitar la comprensión de la invención, a modo ilustrativo pero no limitativo se describirá una realización de la invención que hace referencia a una serie de figuras. Next, to facilitate the understanding of the invention, an illustrative but non-limiting way will describe an embodiment of the invention that refers to a series of figures.
La figura 1 es una vista en perspectiva superior de una realización de un sistema para tensar barras para el refuerzo de estructuras objeto de la presente invención para una posible configuración para refuerzo a flexión. Figure 1 is a top perspective view of an embodiment of a system for tensioning bars for the reinforcement of structures object of the present invention for a possible configuration for flexural reinforcement.
La figura 2 es una vista lateral de una realización de un sistema para tensar barras para el refuerzo de estructuras objeto de la presente invención para una posible configuración para refuerzo a cortante.  Figure 2 is a side view of an embodiment of a system for tensioning bars for the reinforcement of structures object of the present invention for a possible configuration for shear reinforcement.
La figura 3 es una vista en perspectiva lateral inferior de una realización de un sistema para tensar barras para el refuerzo de estructuras para una posible configuración para refuerzo a cortante. La figura 4 es una vista en perspectiva lateral inferior de una realización de un sistema para tensar barras para el refuerzo de estructuras para una posible configuración para refuerzo a cortante. Figure 3 is a bottom side perspective view of an embodiment of a system for tensioning bars for reinforcing structures for a possible configuration for shear reinforcement. Figure 4 is a bottom side perspective view of an embodiment of a system for tensioning bars for reinforcing structures for a possible configuration for shear reinforcement.
La figura 5 es una vista lateral de una realización de un sistema para tensar barras para el refuerzo de estructuras para una posible configuración en la que se atraviesan elementos de hormigón armado para refuerzo a flexión.  Figure 5 is a side view of an embodiment of a system for tensioning bars for the reinforcement of structures for a possible configuration in which reinforced concrete elements are crossed for flexural reinforcement.
La figura 6 es una vista en perspectiva del sistema para tensar barras para el refuerzo de estructuras de la figura 5.  Figure 6 is a perspective view of the system for tensioning bars for the reinforcement of structures of Figure 5.
La figura 7 es una vista de varias realizaciones del elemento de empuje, contra el que empuja el sistema de tracción, con taladros y ranuras para el paso de las barras a su través.  Figure 7 is a view of several embodiments of the pushing element, against which the traction system pushes, with holes and grooves for the passage of the bars therethrough.
En estas figuras se hace referencia a un conjunto de elementos que son:  In these figures reference is made to a set of elements that are:
1. elemento estructural de hormigón a reforzar  1. concrete structural element to reinforce
2. barras a tensar para el refuerzo de estructura  2. tension bars for structure reinforcement
3. anclaje pasivo  3. passive anchor
4. primer elemento de reparto de cargas para el elemento estructural, dispuesto en el primer extremo de las barras  4. first load sharing element for the structural element, arranged at the first end of the bars
5. anclaje activo  5. active anchor
6. elemento de empuje contra el que empuja el sistema de tracción  6. thrust element against which the traction system pushes
7. sistema de tracción  7. traction system
8. segundo elemento de reparto de cargas para el elemento estructural, dispuesto en el segundo extremo de las barras  8. second load sharing element for the structural element, arranged at the second end of the bars
9. suplemento de bloqueo que inmoviliza el sistema de tracción y el dispositivo de empuje  9. blocking supplement that immobilizes the traction system and the pushing device
10. taladros en el dispositivo de empuje para el paso de las barras  10. holes in the pushing device for the passage of the bars
11. ranuras en el dispositivo de empuje para el paso de las barras  11. slots in the push device for the passage of the bars
DESCRIPCIÓN DE REALIZACIONES PREFERENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Un objeto de la presente invención es un método para tensar barras 2 para el refuerzo de elementos estructurales 1 de hormigón. An object of the present invention is a method for tensioning bars 2 for the reinforcement of concrete structural elements 1.
A continuación se describe una posible realización de dicho método, utilizando un gato hidráulico 7 como sistema de tracción 7 de las barras, y resina epoxi en los anclajes 3,5 de la barra y como medios de pegado. En primer lugar se realizan unos cortes rectos superficiales en el elemento estructuralA possible embodiment of said method is described below, using a hydraulic jack 7 as a traction system 7 of the bars, and epoxy resin in the anchors 3.5 of the bar and as bonding means. In the first place, straight surface cuts are made in the structural element
1 de hormigón a reforzar, que tengan una profundidad equivalente al recubrimiento de los cercos, con la ayuda de una radial o elemento similar. Dichos cortes deben estar dispuestos de forma simétrica en la medida de lo posible respecto al eje longitudinal del elemento estructural 1 a reforzar, y el número de cortes, así como el de las barras que se dispondrán en ellas para su refuerzo debe ser par. 1 of concrete to be reinforced, having a depth equivalent to the covering of the fences, with the help of a radial or similar element. Said cuts should be arranged symmetrically as far as possible with respect to the longitudinal axis of the structural element 1 to be reinforced, and the number of cuts, as well as that of the bars that will be arranged therein for reinforcement, must be even.
De forma preferente se limpian los cortes realizados, con agua o aire a presión, para eliminar posibles restos de polvo y suciedad y conseguir posteriormente una buena disposición de las barras 2 y una adecuada adherencia con la resina epoxi.  Preferably, the cuts made are cleaned, with water or pressurized air, to eliminate possible remains of dust and dirt and subsequently achieve a good arrangement of the bars 2 and adequate adhesion with the epoxy resin.
A continuación se preparan las barras 2 a traccionar y se colocan en los cortes realizados en el elemento estructural 1 , con los elementos de reparto de cargas 4,8, para evitar dañar el hormigón cuando se aplique presión con el gato hidráulico 7. Concretamente, un primer elemento de reparto de cargas 4 se dispone en un primer extremo de las barras 2 a tensar, y un segundo elemento de reparto de cargas 8 se dispone en un segundo extremo de dichas barras 2. Adicionalmente, en este paso se introduce el elemento de empuje 6, contra el que empujará el gato 7. Next, the bars 2 to be drawn are prepared and placed in the cuts made in the structural element 1, with the load sharing elements 4.8, to avoid damaging the concrete when pressure is applied with the hydraulic jack 7. Specifically, a first load distribution element 4 is arranged at a first end of the bars 2 to be tensioned, and a second load distribution element 8 is arranged at a second end of said bars 2. Additionally, in this step the element is introduced Push 6, against which the cat 7 will push.
En la siguiente etapa se realiza un anclaje de los extremos de las barras 2 para inmovilizar éstas, mediante un anclaje pasivo 3 en los primeros extremos de las barrasIn the next stage an anchor is made of the ends of the bars 2 to immobilize these, by means of a passive anchor 3 at the first ends of the bars
2 y un anclaje activo 5 en los segundos extremos de dichas barras 2. De forma preferente, para estos anclajes 3,5 se utiliza resina epoxi en secciones cilindricas de cobre de diámetro superior a la barra 2 de refuerzo en las que se anclan los extremos de las barras 2, o bien, en el caso del anclaje pasivo 3, se une directamente el primer extremo de las barras 2 al elemento estructural 1 mediante la resina epoxi. 2 and an active anchor 5 at the second ends of said bars 2. Preferably, for these anchors 3.5 epoxy resin is used in cylindrical copper sections of a diameter greater than the reinforcement bar 2 in which the ends are anchored of the bars 2, or, in the case of the passive anchor 3, the first end of the bars 2 is directly attached to the structural element 1 by the epoxy resin.
Se coloca el gato hidráulico 7, o cualquier otro elemento similar, y una vez equilibrado, se empieza a aplicar la carga, hasta obtener la tracción deseada. The hydraulic jack 7, or any other similar element is placed, and once balanced, the load begins to be applied, until the desired traction is obtained.
De acuerdo con una realización preferente del método objeto de la presente invención, tras aplicar la carga, para evitar la pérdida de carga por relajación del sistema de tracción 7, se coloca al menos un suplemento de bloqueo que inmoviliza el elemento de empuje 6 en una posición determinada y evita que se produzcan desplazamientos y pérdidas de tensión. En este momento es posible retirar el elemento de tracción 7 utilizado, sin que las barras sufran pérdida de carga.  According to a preferred embodiment of the method object of the present invention, after applying the load, in order to avoid the loss of load by relaxation of the traction system 7, at least one blocking supplement that immobilizes the pushing element 6 is placed in a determined position and prevents displacements and voltage losses. At this time it is possible to remove the traction element 7 used, without the bars suffering loss of load.
Finalmente, una vez tensadas las barras 2, se aplica la resina epoxi por encima de las barras 2, procurando llenar completamente los cortes que se hicieron inicialmente, y cuando la resina ha endurecido, se puede retirar el resto de elementos utilizados, para lo cual será necesario cortar las barras 2 por el extremo donde se encuentra el anclaje activo 5. Finally, once the bars 2 are tensioned, the epoxy resin is applied over the bars 2, trying to completely fill the cuts that were initially made, and when the resin has hardened, the rest of the elements used can be removed, to which will be necessary to cut the bars 2 by the end where the active anchor 5 is located.
En ocasiones puede ser necesario realizar alguna operación adicional, como por ejemplo realizar unos taladros en algún elemento estructural para alcanzar la viga que está detrás. Estas operaciones no suponen sin embargo ninguna modificación en el método anteriormente descrito.  Sometimes it may be necessary to perform some additional operation, such as drilling some structural elements to reach the beam behind. These operations do not however imply any modification in the method described above.
Otro objeto de la presente invención es el sistema para tensar barras 2 para el refuerzo de estructuras 1 utilizado en el método anteriormente detallado.  Another object of the present invention is the system for tensioning bars 2 for the reinforcement of structures 1 used in the method detailed above.
Tal y como se puede observar en las figuras, el sistema para tensar barras 2 tiene un sistema de tracción 7, que de forma preferente puede ser un gato hidráulico 7, aunque podría ser otro elemento similar. Este sistema de tracción 7 dispone de un manómetro para el control de la presión, y un cilindro hidráulico de pequeñas dimensiones para proporcionar la carga. As can be seen in the figures, the system for tensioning bars 2 has a traction system 7, which preferably can be a hydraulic jack 7, although it could be another similar element. This traction system 7 has a pressure gauge for pressure control, and a small hydraulic cylinder to provide the load.
Además, el sistema presenta unos anclajes 3, 5 para las barras 2. Cada barra 2 tiene dos anclajes 3,5 en sus extremos, un anclaje pasivo 3 en un primer extremo de la barra 2, y un anclaje activo 5 en un segundo extremo de la barra 2.  In addition, the system has anchors 3, 5 for the bars 2. Each bar 2 has two anchors 3.5 at its ends, a passive anchor 3 at a first end of the bar 2, and an active anchor 5 at a second end from bar 2.
Preferentemente, el anclaje pasivo 3 se puede obtener utilizando secciones cilindricas de cobre u otro material relleno de una resina epoxi e introduciendo el primer extremo de la barra 2 en su interior para que quede fijada dentro de la sección cilindrica cuando endurezca la resina. Otra realización consistiría en poner en contacto la barra 2 con el elemento estructural 1 de hormigón y aplicar resina epoxi en el primer extremo de la barra 2, de forma que cuando se produzca su endurecimiento fije dicho primer extremo al elemento estructural 1 de hormigón. Preferably, the passive anchor 3 can be obtained using cylindrical sections of copper or other material filled with an epoxy resin and introducing the first end of the bar 2 inside so that it is fixed inside the cylindrical section when the resin hardens. Another embodiment would consist in contacting the bar 2 with the concrete structural element 1 and applying epoxy resin at the first end of the bar 2, so that when it hardens it fixes said first end to the concrete structural element 1.
En cuanto al anclaje activo 5, de forma preferente éste también se realiza con secciones cilindricas de cobre u otro material relleno de resina epoxi, e introduciendo el segundo extremo de la barra 2 en su interior para que quede fijada dentro de la sección cilindrica cuando endurezca la resina.  As for the active anchor 5, preferably it is also made with cylindrical sections of copper or other epoxy resin filled material, and introducing the second end of the bar 2 inside it so that it is fixed inside the cylindrical section when it hardens the resin
Adicionalmente, como se representa en las figuras, el sistema para tensar barras 2 debe disponer de unos elementos de reparto de cargas 4,8 en el elemento estructural 1 de hormigón. Existe un primer elemento de reparto de cargas 4 dispuesto en el primer extremo de las barras 2, y un segundo elemento de reparto de cargas 8 dispuesto en el segundo extremo de las barras 2. Estos elementos de reparto de cargas 4,8 son unas placas de un material que reparta la acción de las cargas que se introducen en el elemento estructural 1 de hormigón, para no deteriorarlo. Estas placas podrían estar hechas de metal o de un material similar. Además, dichas placas pueden adoptar la forma de cuñas, en el caso de que las barras 2 no sean perpendiculares a la cara del elemento estructural 1 de hormigón donde se encuentran los anclajes activos 5 de las barras 2, como puede suceder por ejemplo en el refuerzo a cortante de una viga de hormigón armad, tal y como se observar en la figura 2. Additionally, as shown in the figures, the system for tensioning bars 2 must have load-sharing elements 4.8 on the concrete structural element 1. There is a first load sharing element 4 disposed at the first end of the bars 2, and a second load sharing element 8 disposed at the second end of the bars 2. These load sharing elements 4,8 are plates of a material that distributes the action of the loads that are introduced in the concrete structural element 1, so as not to damage it. These plates could be made of metal or a similar material. In addition, said plates can take the form of wedges, in the case that the bars 2 are not perpendicular to the face of the concrete structural element 1 where the active anchors 5 of the bars 2 are located, as can happen, for example, in the shear reinforcement of a reinforced concrete beam, as seen in figure 2.
Además, el sistema para tensar barras 2 tiene un elemento de empuje 6, contra el que empuja el cilindro del gato hidráulico 7, y que se trata de un elemento de gran rigidez, con taladros 10 o ranuras 11 que son atravesadas por las barras 2 a tensar, y que recibe el empuje del gato 7 sin sufrir deformaciones. In addition, the system for tensioning bars 2 has a pushing element 6, against which the cylinder of the hydraulic jack 7 pushes, and which is a highly rigid element, with holes 10 or grooves 11 that are crossed by the bars 2 to tense, and that receives the thrust of the cat 7 without suffering deformations.
De acuerdo con una realización preferente del sistema objeto de la presente invención, éste cuenta con al menos un suplemento de bloqueo 9 fijado al elemento de empuje 6, el cual bloquea dicho elemento de empuje 6 en una posición determinada evitando desplazamientos y pérdida de carga, y con ello que las barras 2 se destensen por una posible relajación del gato hidráulico 7.  According to a preferred embodiment of the system object of the present invention, it has at least one blocking supplement 9 fixed to the pushing element 6, which blocks said pushing element 6 in a certain position avoiding displacements and loss of load, and with it that the bars 2 are distended by a possible relaxation of the hydraulic jack 7.
Una vez descrita de forma clara la invención, se hace constar que las realizaciones particulares anteriormente descritas son susceptibles de modificaciones de detalle siempre que no alteren el principio fundamental y la esencia de la invención.  Once the invention is clearly described, it is noted that the particular embodiments described above are subject to modifications in detail as long as they do not alter the fundamental principle and essence of the invention.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Método para tensar barras para el refuerzo de elementos estructurales, caracterizado porque comprende las etapas de 1. Method for tensioning bars for the reinforcement of structural elements, characterized in that it comprises the stages of
- realización de cortes en el elemento estructural (1) de hormigón a reforzar para la colocación de las barras (2) a tensar, - making cuts in the structural element (1) of concrete to be reinforced for the placement of the bars (2) to be tensioned,
colocación de las barras (2) a tensar en los cortes del elemento estructural (1) junto con un primer elemento de reparto de cargas (4) para el elemento estructural (1) dispuesto en un primer extremo de las barras (2), y un segundo elemento de reparto de cargas (8) para el elemento estructural (1) y un elemento de empuje (6) dispuestos en un segundo extremo de las barras (2),  placement of the bars (2) to be tensioned in the cuts of the structural element (1) together with a first load sharing element (4) for the structural element (1) arranged at a first end of the bars (2), and a second load sharing element (8) for the structural element (1) and a pushing element (6) arranged at a second end of the bars (2),
anclaje de los extremos de las barras (2) para inmovilizar éstos mediante un anclaje pasivo (3) en los primeros extremos de las barras (2) y un anclaje activo (5) en los segundos extremos de las barras (2),  anchoring the ends of the bars (2) to immobilize these by means of a passive anchor (3) at the first ends of the bars (2) and an active anchor (5) at the second ends of the bars (2),
- aplicación de una carga de tracción a las barras (2) mediante un sistema de tracción (7) en los segundos extremos de las barras (2), que empuja contra el elemento de empuje (6), - application of a tensile load to the bars (2) by means of a traction system (7) at the second ends of the bars (2), which pushes against the pushing element (6),
inmovilización de las barras (2) mediante la aplicación de medios de pegado a lo largo de toda su unión al elemento estructural (1 ) de hormigón,  immobilization of the bars (2) by means of the application of bonding means along its entire connection to the structural element (1) of concrete,
- y retirada del sistema de tracción (7) y del elemento de empuje (6) contra el que empuja el sistema de tracción (7). - and removal of the traction system (7) and the pushing element (6) against which the traction system (7) pushes.
2. Método para tensar barras para el refuerzo de elementos estructurales, según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque entre la etapa de aplicación de una carga de tracción a las barras (2) y la etapa de inmovilización de dichas barras (2), se realiza una inmovilización del sistema de tracción (7) y del elemento de empuje (6) contra el que empuja el sistema de tracción mediante al menos un suplemento de bloqueo (9) que bloquea el elemento de empuje (6) contra el que empuja el sistema de tracción (7) en una posición determinada para evitar desplazamientos y pérdida de carga en dicho sistema de tracción (7). 2. Method for tensioning bars for the reinforcement of structural elements, according to claim 1, characterized in that between the step of applying a tensile load to the bars (2) and the immobilization stage of said bars (2), is performed an immobilization of the traction system (7) and of the pushing element (6) against which the traction system pushes by at least one locking supplement (9) that blocks the pushing element (6) against which the system pushes of traction (7) in a certain position to avoid displacement and loss of load in said traction system (7).
3. Método para tensar barras para el refuerzo de elementos estructurales, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones, caracterizado porque entre la etapa de realización de cortes en el elemento estructural (1) y la etapa de colocación de las barras (2) a tensar en dicho elemento estructural (1) se realiza una limpieza de los cortes realizados mediante un fluido a presión. Method for tensioning bars for the reinforcement of structural elements, according to any one of the claims, characterized in that between the stage of making cuts in the structural element (1) and the step of placing the bars (2) a tensioning in said structural element (1) a cleaning of the cuts made by means of a pressurized fluid is carried out.
4. Sistema para tensar barras para el refuerzo de elementos estructurales, utilizado en el método de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, caracterizado porque comprende un anclaje pasivo (3) para el anclaje de los primeros extremos de las barras (2), un anclaje activo (5) para el anclaje de los segundos extremos de las barras4. System for tensioning bars for the reinforcement of structural elements, used in the method of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a passive anchor (3) for anchoring the first ends of the bars (2), an active anchor (5) for anchoring the second ends of the bars
(2), (2),
un sistema de tracción (7) para la aplicación de una carga de tracción, dispuesto en los segundos extremos de las barras (2), el cual empuja contra  a traction system (7) for the application of a tensile load, arranged at the second ends of the bars (2), which pushes against
un elemento de empuje (6), el cual recibe el empuje del sistema de tracción (7) sin sufrir deformaciones, comprendiendo adicionalmente el sistema para tensar barras un primer elemento de reparto de cargas (4) para el elemento estructural (1) dispuesto en un primer extremo de las barras (2),  a pushing element (6), which receives the thrust of the traction system (7) without deformation, the system for tensioning bars additionally comprising a first load sharing element (4) for the structural element (1) arranged in a first end of the bars (2),
- y un segundo elemento de reparto de cargas (8) para el elemento estructural (1) dispuesto en un segundo extremo de las barras (2). - and a second load sharing element (8) for the structural element (1) disposed at a second end of the bars (2).
5. Sistema para tensar barras para el refuerzo de estructuras, según la reivindicación 4, caracterizado porque adicionalmente comprende al menos un suplemento de bloqueo (9) fijado al elemento de empuje (6), el cual bloquea dicho elemento de empuje (6) en una posición determinada evitando desplazamientos y pérdida de carga en el sistema de tracción (7). 5. System for tensioning bars for the reinforcement of structures, according to claim 4, characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one locking supplement (9) fixed to the pushing element (6), which blocks said pushing element (6) in a certain position avoiding displacements and loss of load in the traction system (7).
6. Sistema para tensar barras para el refuerzo de elementos estructurales, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 4 a 5, caracterizado porque el sistema de tracción6. System for tensioning bars for the reinforcement of structural elements, according to any of claims 4 to 5, characterized in that the traction system
(7) consiste en un gato hidráulico, el cual comprende a su vez un manómetro y un cilindro hidráulico. (7) consists of a hydraulic jack, which in turn comprises a pressure gauge and a hydraulic cylinder.
7. Sistema para tensar barras para el refuerzo de elementos estructurales, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 4 a 6, caracterizado porque el anclaje pasivo (3) comprende una sección cilindrica que comprende en su interior medios de pegado, introduciéndose el primer extremo de las barras (2) en la sección cilindrica y quedando fijado en ésta una vez endurecidos los medios de pegado. 7. System for tensioning bars for the reinforcement of structural elements, according to any of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the passive anchor (3) comprises a cylindrical section comprising inside gluing means, the first end of the bars being introduced (2) in the cylindrical section and being fixed in it once the bonding means have hardened.
8. Sistema para tensar barras para el refuerzo de elementos estructurales, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 4 a 6, caracterizado porque el anclaje pasivo (3) comprende medios de pegado dispuestos en el primer extremo de las barras (2) que lo fijan directamente al elemento estructural (1) de hormigón. 8. System for tensioning bars for the reinforcement of structural elements, according to any of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the passive anchor (3) comprises gluing means arranged at the first end of the bars (2) that fix it directly to the structural element (1) of concrete.
9. Sistema para tensar barras para el refuerzo de elementos estructurales, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 4 a 8, caracterizado porque el anclaje activo (5) comprende una sección cilindrica que comprende en su interior medios de pegado, introduciéndose el primer extremo de las barras (2) en la sección cilindrica y quedando fijado en ésta una vez endurecidos los medios de pegado. 9. System for tensioning bars for the reinforcement of structural elements, according to any of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the active anchor (5) comprises a cylindrical section comprising inside gluing means, the first end of the bars being introduced (2) in the cylindrical section and being fixed in it once the bonding means have hardened.
10. Sistema para tensar barras para el refuerzo de elementos estructurales, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 4 a 9, caracterizado porque el elemento de empuje (6) es rígido y recibe el empuje del sistema de tracción (7) sin sufrir deformaciones, y porque dicho elemento de empuje (6) presenta taladros (10) y ranuras (11) que permiten el paso de las barras (2) a través de éste. 10. System for tensioning bars for the reinforcement of structural elements, according to any of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the thrust element (6) is rigid and receives the thrust of the traction system (7) without deformation, and because said pushing element (6) has holes (10) and grooves (11) that allow the bars (2) to pass through it.
PCT/ES2011/000190 2010-06-16 2011-06-07 Machine and system for tensioning rods for the reinforcement of structural elements WO2011157867A1 (en)

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ES201030930A ES2351286B2 (en) 2010-06-16 2010-06-16 METHOD AND SYSTEM TO TENSE BARS APPLIED TO REINFORCEMENT OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS.

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JPH04368548A (en) * 1991-06-17 1992-12-21 Mitsui Constr Co Ltd Reinforcing member for civil construction and construction of building
EP1598504A2 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-11-23 Gerd Pleyers Method for protecting and for restoring construction elements subject to cracks like reinforced concrete elements

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