WO2011154545A2 - Procede de deploiement, procede et dispositif de prospection sismique en milieu aquatique - Google Patents
Procede de deploiement, procede et dispositif de prospection sismique en milieu aquatique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011154545A2 WO2011154545A2 PCT/EP2011/059747 EP2011059747W WO2011154545A2 WO 2011154545 A2 WO2011154545 A2 WO 2011154545A2 EP 2011059747 W EP2011059747 W EP 2011059747W WO 2011154545 A2 WO2011154545 A2 WO 2011154545A2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/168—Deployment of receiver elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/38—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for water-covered areas
- G01V1/3808—Seismic data acquisition, e.g. survey design
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/38—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for water-covered areas
- G01V1/3817—Positioning of seismic devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of seismic prospecting in an aquatic environment (marine or lacustrine).
- the waves thus formed propagate to the seabed, then on the different geological layers to be reflected by the latter, and are finally collected and measured by said submerged sensors.
- the source boat may be the boat towing the seismic cables.
- All of the information is then processed to create a three-dimensional (3D) image of the different geological layers of the sub-seabed, generally used to determine the possible presence of oil reservoirs.
- the cables must be slightly immersed, between 5 and 10 m, which entails a risk of accident taking into account the circulation of surface vessels with a high draft (oil tankers or carriers). containers) and a high sensitivity to the state of the sea.
- the known seismic prospecting devices leave shaded areas during the measurement.
- the cables generally have a length of about 8 km and are spaced about 100 m, which leads, for a dozen parallel cables, to a measuring area 1 x 8 km.
- the ideal in terms of measurement is to use an isotropic system, that is to say a square surface, for example 8 x 8 km.
- these dimensions are incompatible with the means of towing that would be necessary in view of the weight, the drag and the logistics necessary to obtain such a measuring surface.
- the first attempt (known as "Wide Azimuth") consists in replacing the anisotropy by the use of one (or two) boats towing a set of cables forming a measuring zone of 1 x 8 km, and using 2 to 8 source boats.
- This device has two major disadvantages. Firstly, the prohibitive cost resulting from the investment in equipment, maintenance and use (2 to 8 source boats, plus one (or two) towing boats, plus all the cables).
- the other disadvantage is that the source boats "fire” (i.e. emit waves) each in turn, and thus two to eight times less often, which leads to a very low firing density.
- GB Patent Application No. 2 435 931 in the name of Western Geco, which describes a method and device consisting schematically of a network of sensors (geophones) attached to a two-dimensional structure. (in the form of a mesh or mesh) or three-dimensional.
- the structure has a periphery (perimeter or envelope) maintained in shape by dynamic means such as drones or small boats, so as to maintain the mesh constituting the structure. The latter is towed continuously and one or more seismic sources are provided.
- marine seismic survey aims to capture or retrieve the maximum of signals to achieve the most accurate and reliable geological mapping of the underlying areas of the seabed.
- low frequency signals provide information on very deep reservoirs and are therefore valuable in this regard.
- the low frequency signals are greatly attenuated by the phenomenon of surface reflection, called "ghost” and due in particular to the fact that the cable, according to the prior art, is immersed a few meters from the surface.
- An attempt has been made to remedy this situation by using a technique known under the name "over-under” which consists of arranging two cables carrying hydrophone sensors, one under the other vertically, at depths of, for example, 20 m, for example.
- Another known technique seeking to eliminate "ghosts”, proposed by the company PGS, consists in using lines or cables carrying, in addition to the hydrophones (measuring the pressure), geophones or accelerometers able to measure the speed or the acceleration of the wave.
- the reflection coefficients for the respective pressure measurements (hydrophones) and speed (geophones) being inverse (-1 and +1), it is theoretically possible to cancel the "ghosts".
- This known technique has the disadvantages of requiring a high investment in sensors and generates an annoying noise at the geophones or accelerometers resulting from the speed of traction (about 5 knots) generating parasitic vibrations.
- the invention proposes to remedy at least in part the aforementioned drawbacks.
- the present invention proposes, in a first aspect, a seismic prospecting method in the aquatic environment using a device comprising at least one seismic cable provided with sensors and at least one mobile seismic source.
- the method includes the steps of moving the cable in the water, and simultaneously moving the seismic source into a cable-related frame, emitting waves from the seismic source, and sensing wave reflections from the cable.
- the movement of the cable minimizes the distance of the cable relative to a desired route in the terrestrial reference system.
- the movement of the cable is further constrained by a maximum curvature value of course in the water.
- the movement of the cable in the water is defined by a program for minimizing the deviation of the cable from the desired route, with the constraint of the maximum curvature value of course in the water.
- the invention proposes a method of deployment (i.e. displacement) in the aquatic environment of a device comprising at least one seismic cable provided with sensors.
- the method includes a step of moving the cable in the water.
- the movement of the cable minimizes the distance of the cable relative to a desired road in the terrestrial reference system and is also constrained by a maximum curvature value of course in the water.
- the invention also proposes a seismic prospecting device, for example such as that implemented in the seismic prospecting process or the deployment method.
- the device comprises at least one cable provided with sensors, and a calculation unit for determining the movement of the cable in the water.
- the computing unit calculates the movement of the cable which minimizes the distance of the cable relative to a desired road in the terrestrial reference system, the movement of the cable being further constrained by a maximum curvature value of course in the water.
- the computing unit can solve a program for minimizing the deviation of the cable from the desired road, with the constraint of the maximum curvature value of course in the water.
- the cable may further suitably be provided with two drones each connected to one end of the cable.
- drones can put the cable under tension and put it in motion in the aquatic environment, exerting a tension force on the cable.
- the engine drone puts the cable on the move by "pulling” it.
- Figure 1 shows a survey device scheme
- Figure 2-4 shows course paths for a fixed route
- FIG. 5 represents the theoretical path of a cable subjected to the current of FIG. 4 for a fixed road
- FIG. 6-7 show the movement of a cable with a desired fixed route
- Figures 8-13 show the evolution of a cable with a desired fixed route in the case where current predictions are available
- Figures 14-17 show the movement of a cable with a desired fixed route in real time
- Figure 18 shows a top view of the cables of the device of Figure 1 and a line followed by a seismic source
- Figure 19 shows an example of a servo loop of the movement of the cable.
- a method for seismic prospecting in an aquatic environment can be carried out using a device comprising at least one seismic cable provided with sensors and at least one mobile seismic source, positioned in the water in such a way that to allow the prospection of a certain zone of the subsoil.
- the method includes moving the cable in the water, and simultaneously emitting waves from the seismic source, preferably immersed, thereby reducing noise.
- the waves for example acoustic waves, are reflected in the subsoil by the interfaces between the geological layers of the aforementioned zone as well as by the bottom of the aquatic environment and sensed by the cable.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of such a seismic prospecting device 100.
- the mobile seismic source is not shown in the figure.
- the seismic source is able to create a disturbance transmitted by the aquatic medium in the form of waves.
- the device 100 comprises at least one cable 110, and preferably several, provided with a plurality of sensors 106 seismic (for example hydrophones) capable of collecting said reflected waves.
- a cable may be called "seismic cable” or "seismic flute”.
- the cable 1 10 evolves into a measuring station suitable for the exploration of part of the above-mentioned basement area.
- said seismic source is triggered.
- These reflected waves are picked up by said sensors 106.
- the cable 1 10 evolves in the water. In general, it can be immobile, that is to say drifting, or it can move in the water.
- the seismic source moves, during the prospecting process, in a frame linked to the cable. By this is meant that the seismic source moves globally with respect to the cable. This makes it possible to increase the number of measurements in a lesser time.
- the seismic source is at a distance from the cable allowing the cable to capture the waves emitted and then reflected by the geological layers of the subsoil and the bottom of the aquatic environment.
- the evolution (the term “evolution” can refer to "displacement" in all of the following) of the cable 1 10 is constrained by a maximum curvature value of course in the water and by a maximum value of deviation from a road desired in the terrestrial reference.
- the road is subject to a maximum speed value with respect to the terrestrial reference.
- course is meant a set of pairs (u, t) where u represents a position in the water reference system and t is a moment, the successive positions following a continuous curve corresponding to a parameterized arc whose parameter is time.
- the assembly can be discrete in time, a time step then separating two successive positions, or continuous in time (the path is then the parametric arc mentioned above).
- the cable 1 10 can possibly move in the water reference. When this is not specified, the route refers to positions given in the water reference. In this case, the path of the cable 1 10 is in relation to the water reference.
- the course thus defined corresponds to the displacement of a point. It is however said by extension that the cable 1 10 evolves in the water following the course because if one of its ends A or B is moving, it is considered that the rest of the cable 1 10 is dragged into the groove and therefore follows the same course in the water reference system. The cable 1 10 is moved along its axis. If the cable is on the contrary adrift, we can speak of zero course, since the course is reduced to a fixed point in the water reference.
- the curvature of the course is the curvature of the aforementioned parametric arc corresponding to the course, taking the classical definition of the curvature of a parameterized arc.
- the method ensures that the cable can not follow a path having a curvature greater than the maximum curvature value, and that the cable does not deviate from the desired route beyond the maximum value apart.
- the method may therefore include a verification step ensuring that these constraints are respected and a correction step if necessary.
- Forcing the evolution of the cable 1 10 by a maximum value of curvature makes it possible to reduce the energy expenditure and the mechanical stresses undergone by the cable.
- the aquatic current for example the marine current if one is in a marine environment
- Forcing the path by a maximum value of curvature then makes it possible to impose a minimum radius on the cable 1 10. This makes it possible to avoid disturbing the geometry of the cable 1 10 too much and to keep an effective operating length of the cable 1 10 at during measurements and thus obtain a better seismic density (ie distribution of the reflection points of the waves on the cable 1 10).
- the evolution of the cable 1 10 is further constrained by a maximum value of deviation from a desired route in the terrestrial frame.
- a road is a set of positions in which one aims to position the cable relative to the terrestrial reference system.
- the route can be given by N parametric arcs (Pj, t) each corresponding to the position of a point Pj of the cable 1 10, in the terrestrial reference, as a function of time. It is also possible to approximate a route by a single parameterized arc, corresponding to the positions in the terrestrial frame of a point of the cable as a function of time, for example the middle of the cable.
- the road is subject to a maximum speed value with respect to the terrestrial reference.
- the maximum deviation value constraint combined with the fact that the road is subjected to a maximum speed makes it possible to control the positioning of the device with respect to the part of the zone of the subsoil to be prospected, and thus to obtain a better density. seismic.
- This is a "desired" route because it is a route that the cable should ideally follow, but with respect to which deviations (within the limits allowed by the maximum deviation value) are allowed, which allows reduce the mechanical stress on the cable and the fuel consumption.
- the cable evolves in a marine environment.
- the desired route includes a position of the fixed terrestrial frame for a period of time. In other words, over this period of time, the road merges with a point that does not move in the repository earthly. It is said that the cable is maintained during the period of time in a quasi-stationary or even stationary (“substantially stationary") position, since the cable never deviates beyond the maximum value of deviation from the fixed position. in question.
- a cable evolving in an aquatic environment is said to be "kept in a quasi-stationary position" (respectively “stationary”) if it evolves in water (for example according to a "route” as defined above) of in order to remain quasi-stationary (respectively perfectly stationary) in the terrestrial reference system (ie the "absolute” reference system).
- the projection of the cable on the seabed never deviates beyond a predetermined value (i.e. maximum gap value) of a fixed land reference position for a given period of time.
- the maximum value of deviation can be related to the dimensions of the cable.
- the distance of the cable from the fixed point is calculated as the distance between the middle of the cable (or any other point of the cable) and the fixed point.
- the quasi-stationarity is then translated by a difference of preferably less than ten times the cable length, more preferably less than twice the cable length, and even more preferably less than the cable length, or even half the cable length. cable length (these values are also applicable to other examples of the process).
- the more the gap is constrained by a lower maximum value the more evenly the shooting density achieved at the measuring station is homogeneously distributed in the field. This makes it possible to collect the data enabling a good analysis of the part of the subsoil area to be prospected below the measuring station in a lesser time, the extreme case being that of perfect stationarity.
- the cable 1 10 (or cables) being maintained in a quasi-stationary position, its service life is increased because it undergoes fewer constraints than a cable which is constantly towed at a high speed.
- the cable 110 if it is equipped with hydrophones and geophones, or vertical pairs of hydrophones, can be immersed deeper than trailed cables, which protects it from the risk of accidents with other ships and which limits the generation of noise, especially by the waves.
- the cable is all the more protected that it is immersed at a depth 108 (ie the distance relative to the surface 112 of the water) more important.
- the device allows a more efficient and fast seismic survey, because the measurements can be corrected for the harmful effect of ghosts.
- the cable is preferably immersed, between two waters (ie the cable is neither at the surface 1 12 nor lying at the bottom of the sea - where the ground can be uneven which generates noise in the reception of the signal) to a depth which can be between 5 and 1000 meters, preferably between 5 and 500 meters, preferably between 10 and 300 meters, preferably between 20 and 200 meters, and even more preferably between 50 and 100 meters.
- the cable 1 10 is suitably provided with ballast elements 104 for keeping the cable immersed. Ballasts allow the cable to maintain its depth substantially constant and to vary it in a controlled manner.
- the cable 110 is suitably provided with symmetrical traction means (ie exerting a tension force) at its two ends, for example drones 102 as in the example of FIG. 1.
- the drones 102 are of the type known per se. , for example floating, or semi-submersible Diesel powered or electric type powered by a cable connected to a power source on a main boat.
- the drones 102 may comprise propulsion means (propeller) so as to tow and maintain in tension the cable 1 10, and more precisely so that the central carrier part of the sensors 106, is substantially horizontal, as is the case. in Figure 1, and disposed at a constant depth 108 above.
- the device 100 may be designed to have zero or slightly positive buoyancy.
- the drones further include electrical connection means with the respective cables for data communications and power, and seismic data recording means.
- the device 100 comprises between 10 and 50 cables 1 10, or between 15 and 30 cables 106, or cables 20.
- the cables have a length of between 1 and 20 km, preferably between 2 and 6 km ( preferably about 4 km) or between 6 and 14 km (preferably about 8 km).
- the device 100 is formed of several cables 1 10 which evolve in the water so as to be maintained in a quasi-stationary position substantially parallel to each other so as to form a grid above from the field to explore.
- the cables 1 10 can then be arranged within the device 100 so that, if they are rectilinear, they form substantially a square.
- the moving source moves above said field and emits waves intermittently. Reflected waves make it possible to collect data usable by geologists. These operations in a single measuring station typically last several days, for example a week.
- the displacement of the seismic source comprises the tracking of several lines substantially perpendicular to the cable, the period of time during which the cable evolves quasi-stationary (even stationary in cases particular) being substantially equal to the duration of the follow-up of the lines.
- the source draws waves along lines perpendicular to the cable.
- the points from which the source emits a wave thus constitute a grid of points above the part of the area to be surveyed. This allows for optimal coverage of the part in question.
- the displacement of the seismic source comprises following a line substantially perpendicular to the cable and preferably passing substantially at a medium of the cable, the period of time being substantially equal to the duration of the follow-up of the line. In this case, during the period when the cable is kept quasi-stationary, only one line is followed.
- the road may then comprise other positions of the terrestrial reference corresponding to other parts of the area to be surveyed, each other position being fixed for a respective period of time and the displacement of the seismic source may comprise the tracking of the line during the respective period of time, each respective period of time being substantially equal to the duration of the follow-up of the line.
- the cable is maintained in a first quasi-stationary position. During the duration of holding in this first position, a first firing line is followed by the source. The cable is then taken to a second quasi-stationary position where it is held for a second period of time. During this second period of time, a second line of fire is followed by the source. And we repeat this, so that we obtain as for the first case a grid of points above the field under study with the same advantages.
- the line is each time the one that is perpendicular to the cable and preferably passing in the middle.
- the road may further comprise longitudinal movements of the cable between the fixed positions of the terrestrial reference system. These displacements make it possible to move the cable from one quasi-stationary position to another with less effort.
- Two referentials can be considered: the "water” (or marine) reference system in which the object navigates, and the "absolute" reference system, linked to the sea floor or to the terrestrial reference system.
- the water mark moves with respect to the absolute reference with velocity vector: - ⁇ c + Vm * co "(£" i), where ⁇ designates the characteristic pulsation of the tidal current and t the time.
- the cable 1 10 is made to evolve in the water, along a quasi-stationary path (ie evolve the cable 1 10 with a maximum deviation constraint with respect to a desired route which is a fixed point of the terrestrial reference), the quasi-stationary path being constrained by a maximum value of curvature.
- the length of the cable 1 10 can be at least a hundred times greater than its transverse dimensions.
- the transverse drag of the cable 1 10 is then considerably larger than its longitudinal drag. Moving the cable 1 10 in water along its axis is relatively easy. On the contrary, it is extremely difficult to navigate the water perpendicular to its axis. Typically in the latter case for a cable a few kilometers long and 10 cm in diameter, the drag would be several tens of tons at a speed in the water of 1 node, which is too high. Moreover the resulting forces on the cable 1 10 would produce stresses causing it to break.
- the proposed method of maintaining the stationary position thus makes it possible to obtain the advantages of maintaining in a quasi-stationary position, namely the reduction of noise, the reduction of energy costs with respect to towing, the authorization to immerse the cable more deeply than when it is towed, while decreasing the energy expenditure and the mechanical stress exerted on the cable 110.
- the cable 110 in the case of a current ⁇ c may vary intensity but constant in direction, the cable 110 is in the direction of flow and is moved against the current according to the arrow 160 with a velocity opposed at all times to that of the current.
- the cable 110 is perfectly stationary in the absolute reference.
- the cable 1 10 moving in the water along its axis, it undergoes no drag or too much stress. If the current reverses while keeping the same direction, as shown in FIG. 7, the cable 110 remains in the same direction but moves in the opposite direction represented by the arrow 170.
- the maximum curvature may depend on the length L of the cable 110.
- the maximum curvature may be a decreasing function of the length of the cable 1 10.
- the cable 1 10 is suitably moved by one or the other of two drones, such drones 102 of Figures 1, each placed at an end A or B of the cable 110.
- the drone at the front of the direction of movement directs the cable 1 10 in orientation and exerts traction / tension greater than the rear drone. This prevents the cable 110 from leaving the path followed by the front end of the cable 1 10 by lateral movements.
- the rear drone pulls in the opposite direction in the axis of the cable 1 10 so as to exert a minimum voltage typically greater than 50 kg and less than 500 kg, which avoids the compression of the cable 1 10.
- the two drones can tow in alternately.
- the passage of traction from one drone to another may be slaved to the tension of the cable. It occurs for example as soon as the measured voltage is lower than a predefined value. Drones can be steered within narrow limits.
- the method comprises, prior to the cable evolution step, the steps of: providing marine current prediction values; determining a theoretical course of the cable in the water corresponding exactly to the desired route, as a function of the prediction values of the marine current (a path in the water determining the exact follow-up of the desired route is determined); determining a real course of the cable in the water by approximating the theoretical path by minimizing a difference between the real path and the theoretical path, the minimization being constrained by the maximum curvature; the evolution of the cable including the movement of the cable in the water according to the actual course. This allows optimum energy consumption management and mechanical stress management on the cable.
- the method for maintaining in the quasi-stationary position of the cable 1 10 comprises a step of supplying predictive values of the marine current. These values can be provided for example by specialized institutes, or obtained in real time by means of current measurement.
- the method also comprises determining a stationary course with respect to the terrestrial reference system in the marine environment as a function of the predictive values of the marine current. For this, the predicted current can be integrated over time to provide the stationary path of a point reference.
- the method then comprises a step of determining the quasi-stationary path by approximating the stationary path by minimizing a difference between the quasi-stationary path and the stationary path.
- Minimization is constrained by the maximum value of curvature. This can be done by filtering (ie smoothing) the stationary course, with the constraint that the filtered course (ie smoothed), that is to say the quasi-stationary course, must have at each moment a curvature lower than the maximum curvature value.
- This smoothing can include an interpolation, for example polynomial, of the stationary course, or a regression of the stationary course. The cable is then moved in the marine environment along the quasi-stationary path thus determined.
- This example can be implemented by instructions in real time, said instructions can be derived from the currents and transmitted to drones.
- the course of the drones is given by the quasi-stationary course.
- the reference (or target) R a virtual point object
- the stationary path corresponding to all the points of the cable 110 can not be followed if it is too complex for the reasons mentioned above.
- the cable 1 10 can follow without significant constraints a smooth path, which in particular avoids loops and inflection points.
- the smoothing can be done over a length between 0.5 times and 3 times the The result of such a smoothing is shown in FIG. 8, where the solid line indicates the trajectory (ie the set of positions P) of the stationary course of R, and the mixed line indicates the trajectory of the quasi-stationary course determined by approximation of the stationary course.
- the cable 1 10 at the ends A and B therefore follows the quasi-stationary path, and can be seen in two different positions u1 and u2 in FIG. 8.
- the The orientation of the cable 10 can change because the trajectory of the quasi-stationary path can itself be curved in the long term.
- This point M can be any point of the cable 1 10, for example its middle.
- the choice of medium is the one that gives the best seismic density.
- the minimization of the difference between the quasi-stationary course and the stationary course can then consist in integrating, for the global displacement, the distance between M and RM.
- the reference point RM advances in water at the speed (inverse of the actual current).
- the drone of the end B tows the cable 1 10 with the speed in the water which is the projection of the VRMe vector on the filtered course.
- the drone is then slaved in speed so that M remains as close to RM.
- the drone is also enslaved in course by the definition of the filtered course.
- the thruster at A may be inactive or provide a minimum voltage, as indicated above.
- the point M remains always at minimum distance from RM. In the absolute reference, this distance is the same since the two points RM and M undergo the same current. Thus according to this principle, the chosen point M of the cable 1 10 remains at a minimum distance from the absolute position targeted. Furthermore, the thruster B, sailing on a smooth course, does not impose significant constraints to the cable 1 10.
- the drone in B can stop towing. Drones A and B can exchange their functions, the drone in A thus ensuring the command with the same principle of servocontrol in speed and B being inactive or ensuring a minimum tension. This allows, if VRMe projection [e quasi-stationary path is canceled and changes sign, to invert the direction of traction, as shown in Figures 10 to 1 1.
- the speed vector of the ends A or B always has a smooth direction: there are no significant course changes resulting in the absence of constraints on the cable 1 10 thus displaced.
- the modulus of velocity is given by the projection the speed of the reference (inverse of the true current) on the path of the filtered course: the cable 110 therefore remains at a minimum distance from this reference.
- Figure 12 shows in the water reference three successive positions (ul, u2, u3) of the cable during the displacement.
- Figure 13 shows these three successive positions (ul, u2, u3) in the absolute reference system.
- the chosen point M (for example the middle) remains at a minimum distance from the fixed point RM.
- the absolute position of M given by the vector M - RM can fluctuate but only according to the high frequency component of the current (tidal component for example). It thus describes in time a small closed curve.
- the orientation of the cable 1 10 changes, meanwhile, according to the very low frequency component (unfiltered) of the current.
- the method may alternatively, for example in the absence of current prediction, comprise a step of real-time supply of a target position (the target position being the stationarity position corresponding to the fixed position of the road in the present case, and a desired target position deduced from the desired route according to the time t in the general case of all examples described) and a step of moving towards the target position, the displacement being constrained by the maximum value of curvature.
- the two supply and displacement steps are then repeated. This makes it possible to maintain the cable 110 in a quasi-stationary position despite the absence of predictions. Typically repetitions occur at regular intervals.
- the steps can be variable and depend on the current.
- the interval between two steps typically lasts from a few seconds to a few tens of minutes, preferably between 1 and 10 minutes.
- the ends A and B of the cable 1 10 can be equipped with absolute positioning (GPS for example), as well as conventional sensors for speed relative to water, heading, tension on the object.
- the point M of the cable can also be equipped with a speed measurement relative to the water and heading (magnetic compass flux galat for example).
- the assembly is positioned by known relative means (acoustics, magnetic compasses) possibly calibrated to the GPS position of the thrusters (methods known per se).
- the stationarity target position may be the position in the absolute reference frame of the MR reference M.
- a point M of the cable 10 for example the medium, it is therefore the position in the water reference system that it should have. to be stationary.
- the displacement toward the target position RM may comprise a step of projecting the target position RM on the cable 110 at a point P and a step of calculating a maximum heading constrained by the maximum value. curvature and the cable speed in the water.
- the projection step may comprise the determination of a straight line 130 perpendicular to the cable 110 passing through RM. This perpendicular is called the reference line and cuts the cable 110 at point P.
- the reference line 130 serves to control the speed that can comprise the method. For example, as is the case in Figure 14, if M is late compared to the reference line 130 and the point P, the drone placed in B accelerates to return M to P at the following times.
- the servo loop uses conventional techniques known per se. Briefly, the servo loop can take into account the difference observed between two steps and adapt the speed accordingly.
- the method may also include servocontrol of the heading of the drone placed in B.
- This servocontrol can involve only the target position RM.
- the vector represents the direction of traction by the drone B of the cable. To get closer to the target point RM in the case of Figures 14 and 15, the drone B can give the bar to the left. Since heading changes per unit of time are constrained by the maximum curvature, no drag or excessive stress is imposed on cable 1 10. The maximum value of this change of course during a given time interval allowing, for example, limiting the curvature of the trajectory can be deduced from the following known formula:
- the speed in the water of the cable may be known by the means already described, for example a loch or doppler sonar placed on each drone and at a number of other points of the cable whose point M chosen.
- the increments of speed and heading of the thruster can be given by a servo loop where the objective is to bring the point M of the reference line in priority (for the speed) and the fixed point RM in compliance with the aforementioned constraints changes of course.
- Figure 15 shows the old speed ⁇ ? Sl and the new incremented speed Ve2 respecting these conditions.
- the UAV B slows while giving the left bar to the target position with the same constraints as before.
- the maintaining in the quasi-stationary position of the cable 110 may comprise a first phase of maintaining the cable according to the method of the example where a good prediction of the current is available, and a second phase of maintaining the cable according to the method in real time or we do not have a good prediction of the current.
- a method makes it possible to adapt the maintenance to the prediction data.
- current data can be recorded and serve as a basis for the prediction of the current.
- it is possible to control for example by GPS, the deviation from the theoretical stationarity position (with the actual marine current).
- the predictions of the current are not necessarily perfectly exact, and there may be a difference in the long term between the determined stationary course and the theoretical stationary course.
- a gap threshold is reached, we can then enter the first phase.
- the method can also be implemented according to a second example to which the teachings of the first example apply.
- This second example differs from the first example in that the desired route is a straight line.
- the desired route is a straight line.
- the cable moves along a straight line with respect to the terrestrial reference.
- the method of the second example allows longitudinal scanning of an area of the subsoil to be prospected.
- the displacement of the seismic source may comprise several portions along a line substantially perpendicular to the cable and preferably passing substantially at a medium of the cable. In the repository linked to the cable, the seismic source thus moves back and forth along this line. This establishes a grid of wave emission points that extends along the length of the cable.
- the method can also be implemented according to a third example to which the teachings of the first example apply.
- This third example differs from the first example in that the desired route comprises the lateral displacement of the cable relative to the terrestrial reference.
- the displacement of the seismic source may comprise the path of lines substantially parallel to the cable, the lines being between two central cables of the device. This establishes a grid of wave emission points which extends in a direction transverse to the length of the cable. This case may correspond to a drift situation of the cable according to the constant component of the current.
- the second and third examples of the method have advantages similar to the first example.
- the seismic source has time to scan the area to produce the waves and the seismic density is therefore little affected.
- the maximum velocity value is less than 1 knot, preferably less than 0.5 knot, preferably less than 0.2 knot.
- a larger area can be scanned and the discontinuity of spot measurements is avoided at the same time as we take advantage of the constant component of the current for 1 that the cables move with respect to the terrestrial reference, provided that the road has the direction of this component.
- the method can generally comprise a step of measuring the speed in the water. This measurement can serve as a basis for other steps of the process. For example, measured speed may constrain maximum curvature and / or course changes.
- the measured speed can be acquired using measuring means. It can be speed or drones, or preferably at the ends of the submerged cable, or along the cable or in the middle. Surface currents can be different from currents at 100m depth for example. Thus, in the case where a prediction of the surface currents is available, but the cable is immersed, the measured speed can be used to adapt the predictions to the depth at which the cable is located.
- a computer program may contain instructions for carrying out the method described above.
- This computer program may be written on a conventional medium, such as a CD ROM, a hard disk, or other type of memory, possibly split.
- the seismic survey device may comprise one or more cables provided with sensors, such as the cable 110 and a calculation unit for the evolution of the cable 110 in the water, constrained by a value of maximum curvature of course in the water and by a maximum value of deviation from a desired route in the terrestrial frame of reference, the route being suitably subject to a maximum speed value with respect to the terrestrial frame.
- the device is specially adapted to the implementation of the method described above.
- the cable can also be provided with two drones each connected to one end of the cable.
- the cable can also be equipped with ballasts.
- the device may comprise a plurality of cables adapted to be held in the quasi-stationary position substantially parallel to each other, each in the manner described above.
- the cables are preferably able to evolve freely relative to each other, so that no attachment means such as paravanes, does hinder the longitudinal movement of the device.
- Figure 18 shows a top view of the device 100 having a plurality of cables 110, which are substantially parallel. Also, Figure 18 shows the tracking by a seismic source 212 of a line 200 substantially perpendicular to the cables 1 10 and preferably passing substantially at a medium M cables.
- the line 200 comprises points 210 from which the seismic source 212 fires during the tracking of the line 200.
- the points 215 represent (in the terrestrial reference) previous shots during the line tracking 200, the direction of movement of the cables being according to the arrow 216 in the terrestrial reference system.
- Figure 19 shows an example of a servo loop of the movement of the cable. In this example the cable is subjected to a marine current and the movement of the cable in the water compensates for the current.
- the movement of the cable is slaved to the current.
- the cable is further provided with two drones, each connected to one end of the cable, denoted "drone 1" and “drone 2" in FIG. 19.
- the movement of the cable follows a control loop comprising a algorithm 199 taking as inputs the following parameters:
- a calculated position 193 of the middle of the cable M obtained by GPS, acoustics, depth sensors and compasses,
- the algorithm 199 provides as outputs 200 a new heading of each drone and a new tension to be exerted by each drone on the cable.
- the algorithm may be chosen from among the algorithms known to those skilled in the art.
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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MX2012014452A MX2012014452A (es) | 2010-06-10 | 2011-06-10 | Procedimiento de despliegue, procedimiento y dispositivo de prospeccion sismica en medio acuatico. |
CA2801294A CA2801294C (fr) | 2010-06-10 | 2011-06-10 | Procede de deploiement, procede et dispositif de prospection sismique en milieu aquatique |
BR112012030767-3A BR112012030767A2 (pt) | 2010-06-10 | 2011-06-10 | procedimento de utilização, procedimento e dispositivo de prospecção sísmica em meio aquático |
AU2011263645A AU2011263645B2 (en) | 2010-06-10 | 2011-06-10 | Method of deployment, method and device for seismic prospecting in an aquatic medium |
NO20130038A NO345753B1 (no) | 2010-06-10 | 2011-06-10 | Fremgangsmåte og anordning for seismisk prospektering av undergrunnen under havbunnen ved bruk av to droner |
GB1300208.4A GB2495655B (en) | 2010-06-10 | 2011-06-10 | Method of deployment, method and device for seismic prospecting in an aquatic medium |
US13/702,549 US9529107B2 (en) | 2010-06-10 | 2011-06-10 | Method of deployment, method and device for seismic prospecting in an aquatic medium |
CN2011800286893A CN103052893A (zh) | 2010-06-10 | 2011-06-10 | 在水生介质内进行地震勘探的方法和装置以及部署方法 |
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FR1054616A FR2961317B1 (fr) | 2010-06-10 | 2010-06-10 | Procede de prospection sismique en milieu aquatique |
FR1054616 | 2010-06-10 |
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WO2011154545A2 true WO2011154545A2 (fr) | 2011-12-15 |
WO2011154545A3 WO2011154545A3 (fr) | 2012-06-07 |
WO2011154545A4 WO2011154545A4 (fr) | 2012-08-16 |
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PCT/EP2011/059747 WO2011154545A2 (fr) | 2010-06-10 | 2011-06-10 | Procede de deploiement, procede et dispositif de prospection sismique en milieu aquatique |
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US (1) | US9529107B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN103052893A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2011263645B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112012030767A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2801294C (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2961317B1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB2495655B (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2012014452A (fr) |
NO (1) | NO345753B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011154545A2 (fr) |
Cited By (6)
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WO2013160381A2 (fr) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-10-31 | Kietta | Acquisition de données sismiques |
CN104052969A (zh) * | 2014-06-12 | 2014-09-17 | 上海海洋大学 | 一种水下led集鱼灯电力载波摄像系统 |
US9297920B2 (en) | 2009-01-05 | 2016-03-29 | Kietta | Enhanced method and device for aquatic seismic prospecting |
US9529107B2 (en) | 2010-06-10 | 2016-12-27 | Kietta | Method of deployment, method and device for seismic prospecting in an aquatic medium |
US10578760B2 (en) | 2016-08-02 | 2020-03-03 | Kietta | Control of the horizontal position of a seismic cable |
US10866333B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 | 2020-12-15 | Kietta | Controlling the depth of a seismic cable |
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EP3320377B1 (fr) * | 2015-07-07 | 2021-05-26 | ION Geophysical Corporation | Noeud sismique remorqué |
FR3046129B1 (fr) | 2015-12-24 | 2019-01-25 | Kietta | Navire autonome de surface |
GB201604941D0 (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2016-05-04 | Viper Subsea Technology Ltd | Monitoring arrangement |
CN110220499B (zh) * | 2019-05-28 | 2022-01-07 | 潍坊新力蒙水产技术有限公司 | 海底搜寻绘图系统 |
CN114543907B (zh) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-09-16 | 珠江水利委员会珠江流域水土保持监测中心站 | 基于水冲量原理的多层面明渠便携式测流装置及测流方法 |
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- 2011-06-10 CA CA2801294A patent/CA2801294C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-06-10 MX MX2012014452A patent/MX2012014452A/es active IP Right Grant
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US9297920B2 (en) | 2009-01-05 | 2016-03-29 | Kietta | Enhanced method and device for aquatic seismic prospecting |
US9529107B2 (en) | 2010-06-10 | 2016-12-27 | Kietta | Method of deployment, method and device for seismic prospecting in an aquatic medium |
WO2013160381A2 (fr) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-10-31 | Kietta | Acquisition de données sismiques |
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US10866333B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 | 2020-12-15 | Kietta | Controlling the depth of a seismic cable |
US10578760B2 (en) | 2016-08-02 | 2020-03-03 | Kietta | Control of the horizontal position of a seismic cable |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MX2012014452A (es) | 2013-02-26 |
GB2495655A (en) | 2013-04-17 |
GB201300208D0 (en) | 2013-02-20 |
CA2801294C (fr) | 2018-05-29 |
GB2495655B (en) | 2015-11-18 |
FR2961317A1 (fr) | 2011-12-16 |
NO345753B1 (no) | 2021-07-12 |
WO2011154545A3 (fr) | 2012-06-07 |
CN103052893A (zh) | 2013-04-17 |
CA2801294A1 (fr) | 2011-12-15 |
WO2011154545A4 (fr) | 2012-08-16 |
US9529107B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
AU2011263645B2 (en) | 2015-03-12 |
NO20130038A1 (no) | 2013-01-08 |
BR112012030767A2 (pt) | 2020-09-01 |
FR2961317B1 (fr) | 2014-01-17 |
AU2011263645A1 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
US20130201790A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 |
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