WO2011152698A2 - Composicion de vidrio de control solar verde obscuro - Google Patents
Composicion de vidrio de control solar verde obscuro Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011152698A2 WO2011152698A2 PCT/MX2011/000068 MX2011000068W WO2011152698A2 WO 2011152698 A2 WO2011152698 A2 WO 2011152698A2 MX 2011000068 W MX2011000068 W MX 2011000068W WO 2011152698 A2 WO2011152698 A2 WO 2011152698A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- glass composition
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- weight
- iron
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 182
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 25
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 11
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 10
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 5
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 titanium oxide compound Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000738583 Senna artemisioides Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- NNBFNNNWANBMTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M brilliant green Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C1 NNBFNNNWANBMTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 2
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000697035 Heteropriacanthus cruentatus Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006124 Pilkington process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000083869 Polyommatus dorylas Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000718541 Tetragastris balsamifera Species 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEUACKUBDLVUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Ca] Chemical compound [Na].[Ca] VEUACKUBDLVUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006121 base glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ce+3].[Ce+3] DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005329 float glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002697 manganese compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020030 perry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005365 phosphate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000010981 turquoise Substances 0.000 description 1
- YXZRCLVVNRLPTP-UHFFFAOYSA-J turquoise blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Cu+2].NC1=NC(Cl)=NC(NC=2C=C(NS(=O)(=O)C3=CC=4C(=C5NC=4NC=4[N-]C(=C6C=CC(=CC6=4)S([O-])(=O)=O)NC=4NC(=C6C=C(C=CC6=4)S([O-])(=O)=O)NC=4[N-]C(=C6C=CC(=CC6=4)S([O-])(=O)=O)N5)C=C3)C(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)=N1 YXZRCLVVNRLPTP-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002478 γ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/02—Compositions for glass with special properties for coloured glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/08—Compositions for glass with special properties for glass selectively absorbing radiation of specified wave lengths
- C03C4/082—Compositions for glass with special properties for glass selectively absorbing radiation of specified wave lengths for infrared absorbing glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/08—Compositions for glass with special properties for glass selectively absorbing radiation of specified wave lengths
- C03C4/085—Compositions for glass with special properties for glass selectively absorbing radiation of specified wave lengths for ultraviolet absorbing glass
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a glass composition and a method for the commercial production of a dark green glass primarily for use in the automotive industry, such as windshield, side glass and rear glass, which includes a silica-based glass composition.
- Dark green glass having a light transmission (TLA), illuminating "A”, greater than 65%, a total solar energy transmission (Ts) of less than or equal to 60%, a solar ultraviolet transmission (TUV) of less than 46% or; a dominant wavelength of 490 r ⁇ m at 600 ⁇ ; and an excitation purity of less than 7 for thicknesses of 3.5 mm.
- TLA light transmission
- A total solar energy transmission
- Ts total solar energy transmission
- Ts solar ultraviolet transmission
- Ts solar ultraviolet transmission
- the glasses described in almost all prior art patents refer to a type of green glass for automotive purposes, which are based on three basic components: iron oxide, titanium oxide and chromium oxide.
- the glass has the absorption properties necessary to absorb the damage of ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) sunlight in order to reduce excessive heating inside vehicles on sunny days, and to protect the interior of vehicles from degradation caused by ultraviolet radiation.
- UV ultraviolet
- IR infrared
- the transmission characteristics of the glass of different wavelengths can be controlled by the addition of various absorbent coloring agents in the initial mixing of the glass. Consequently, for applications in vehicles, it has been convenient to use dyes to produce a glass that is capable of filtering a large part of the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays, less than 39% (measured at the wavelength of ⁇ 300 to 400 nm and air mass 2 or less than 35% in the same wavelength range with an air mass equal to 1.5), but allowing the greatest amount of visibility (of light rays) up to 70% or more. Together with the typical formulation of a silica-sodium-calcium glass, it constitutes the basic composition of the glass.
- the transmission characteristics of the glass of different wavelengths can be controlled by the addition of various coloring agents in the initial composition of the glass mixture. Consequently, for applications in the automotive industry, it has been desirable to use dyes to produce a glass that is capable of filtering a large part of the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays, less than 39% (measured in length wavelength of 300-400 nm), but with the greatest possible amount of visibility (of light rays) above 70% or more.
- Iron is generally present in glass as a ferric oxide, giving the glass a light green color. Although, within the composition of the glass, the total amount of iron present is found to comprise both Fe203 ferric oxide and Ferrous oxide FeO ferrous oxide, since, even when pure iron oxide is used in basic raw materials During the glass smelting process, a part of the ferric oxide is reduced and transformed into ferrous oxide.
- the total amount of iron in the glass and the amount of iron oxides are expressed in that it is based on Fe 2 03. It is also a standard in this industry to express the amount of ferrous or ferric oxide as a percentage of the total iron, namely:
- Iron oxides impart different optical properties to glass, the total amount of iron present and its balance as ferric or ferrous have a direct impact on color, light transmission and absorption of infrared and ultraviolet radiation .
- Ferric oxide absorbs ultraviolet energy (low transmission level), and at the same time has a high level of light transmission, and infrared energy transmission and has a faint greenish yellow-yellow color.
- infrared energy ferrous oxide absorbers (low transmission level), have a high level of ultraviolet light transmission, and a low level of light transmission and have a more intense blue color.
- titanium, molybdenum and cerium oxides are also dyes, and when used in combination with Fe203, it is possible to obtain a further reduction in the transmission of ultraviolet light to a point. where the search for the transmission of visibility is achieved.
- This has the disadvantage of its high cost, which makes the formulation very expensive, and has a tendency to oxidize Fe203 iron.
- Ce02 in amounts of 0.1 to 0.5% provides the absorption of ultra-violet radiation, it has the disadvantage that it tends to change the most desirable green color, to an unacceptable yellowish hue.
- coal is used in a finely divided state in an amount of 0.01 to 0.06%, preferably 0.025%) of the total amount of the mixture.
- the amount of carbon needed to counteract the oxidizing effect caused by the introduction of 1% cerium oxide in a typical glass with a low iron content is within the range of 0.9 kilograms per ton of glass. In accordance with the opinion of some researchers in the field, this level of carbon interferes with the humidifying action of the silica of the salt cake, resulting in the formation of silica slag in the smelting furnace.
- a constant amount of cerium oxide is added when the iron content in the glass increases. For example, if up to 0.80% of total iron is added, it is considered that the same amount of coal should be added due to the fact that the level of cerium oxide is constant, or that the carbon requirement should be much higher due to the fact that the balance of the ferrous value would decrease with the greater addition of iron.
- Many publications have been written on colored glass compositions with infrared and ultraviolet radiation absorption characteristics. WA Weyl in the book of colored glasses, Society of Technology of Glass, reprinted in 1992, describes the different theories of color in glasses related to the current vision of the structure and constitution of glass.
- chromium and its compounds to color glass are described in that book.
- chromium is added to raw materials to obtain an emerald green color that is typical of Cr 3+ .
- Chromium can be present as Cr6 + as Cr402 to obtain a slightly yellow color and as Cr 2+ through from which the emerald green is obtained.
- iron is the most important dye in modern automotive glasses since it is the cheapest available component, which absorbs ultraviolet radiation (iron ferric) and also absorbs a large proportion of infrared rays (ferrous iron).
- US Patent No. 4,792,536 assigned to Pecoraro et al. Claims a transparent infrared absorbent glass having at least 0.45 percent by weight of iron expressed as Fe 2 0 3 , forming a glass for a float glass product.
- the oxidation-reduction conditions are controlled in one stage of the production process and in the later stages in order to produce a glass that has at least 35% of the iron in the ferrous state expressed as FeO and which, when formed in a flat glass product of a suitable thickness, exhibits the combination of light transmittance of at least 65%; Y,
- US Patent No. 5077133 of Cheng claims a glass with a final infrared transmittance of no more than 15%.
- Composition that includes 0.51% to 0.96% Fe 2 0 3 , 0.15% to 0.33% FeO and 0.2% to 1.4% CeO 2, where the percentage by weight of FeO represents a percentage of reduction of total iron, expressed in Fe 2 0 3 from 23% to 29%, so that the glass has a light wavelength of C, from 498 to 525 nanometers (nm) and a color purity of 2% to 4 %
- US Patent No. 5,1 12,778 also from Cheng, indicates that the redox reaction is balanced between ferric and ferrous oxides, cerium oxide and carbon in a silica-sodium-calcium glass, changes to a state of greater reduction when the total iron content is increased from 0.05% to 0.8%>, which is why the ferrous value increases instead of decreasing, a situation that was already expected.
- silica-sodium-calcium glass is sulfur anhydride (S0 3 ).
- Sodium sulfate (Na 2 SC> 4) is added to the mixture of glass raw materials as a high temperature refining agent, which is mainly used as a bubble removal agent, and promotes mass transport, attacks of free silica on the glass surface and decreases the number of solid inclusions.
- sodium sulfate has oxidizing properties, which is why normally small amounts of carbon are added to the mixture, in order to avoid oxidation and at the same time lower the reaction temperature.
- Na 2 S0 4 which is the main contributor of sulfur in glass, becomes SO 3 , which controls the conversion of Fe 2 0 3 into FeO.
- SO 3 which controls the conversion of Fe 2 0 3 into FeO.
- the S0 3 present in the final glass does not affect the ability of the glass to transmit visible light.
- Gulotta's patent describes that glass reduces the amount of expensive cerium oxide necessary to obtain a low ultraviolet transmittance, that is, no more than 31% (300-390 nanometers) at a reference thickness of 3.9 millimeters.
- the FeO present in relation to the total FeO / Fe 2 0 3 is found to be ferrous and does not transform into the ferric type, as proposed by the inventors of the present invention.
- glass reduces the amount of expensive cerium that is required to obtain low ultraviolet transmittance, that is, no more than 31 percent (300-390 nanometers) at a reference thickness of 3.9 millimeters .
- a sodium-silica-calcium green glass composition having excellent ultraviolet absorption ability is described, while having a relatively high light transmittance.
- the dyes of the glass composition consist essentially of more than 0.5% to 1.5% of total iron oxide as Fe 2 0 3; , where the weight ratio of Fe 2+ / Fe 3+ is less than 0.35%; from 0.10 percent by weight to 2.00 percent by weight of a manganese compound Mn0 2 ; and optionally any of: up to 1.0 weight percent titanium oxide as Ti0 2 ; up to 1.0 percent by weight cerium oxide as Ce0 2; until 1.00 percent by weight vanadium oxide as V2O5; and up to 0.20 percent by weight of chromium oxide as Cr 2 0 3 ; the glass composition having .4.0 mm thickness; 55 to 80% of light transmittance with an illuminant A with less than 46% of ultraviolet transmittance measured in the range of 300 to
- the glass has a green color characterized by a dominant wavelength in the range of 500 to 565 nanometers with an excitation purity of no more than 5% and includes about 0.50 to 1.0 percent by weight of iron total; about 0.26 to 0.65 percent by weight Fe 2 0 3 ; about 0.05 to 3 percent by weight of Ce0 2 ; from 0 to about 2% by weight of Ti0 2 ; and about 20 to 650 PPM of Cr 2 0 3 .
- the redox ratio for glass is maintained between approximately 0.20 to 0.55 and preferably between 0.20 and 0.30.
- the glass composition described in the present invention has an LTA of at least 65%, preferably at least 70%, a TSUV of not more than 38%, preferably not more than 35%, a TSIR of not more than one 35%, preferably not more than 30%, and a TSET of no more than 60%, preferably, no more than 45%.
- the Shelestak patent uses titanium oxides and mainly cerium, as dyes and, when used in combination with Fe 2 0 3 , is It is possible to obtain a further reduction in the transmission of ultraviolet light to a point where adequate visibility transmission is achieved. This, however, has the disadvantage of its high cost, which makes the formulation very expensive, and has a tendency to oxidize iron to Fe 2 0 3 .
- UV transmission is considered to be in the range of 300 to 400 nm (ISO 13837 convention A); 300 to 390 nm according to US Patent No. 5,240,866; from 282.5 to 377.5 nm in ISO 9050
- U.S. Patent No. 7,094,716 to Boulos also added cerium and titanium oxides, the Mn0 2 component in order to provide a more advantageous ultraviolet absorption and a way to adjust the color to the glass.
- Copper has been used in glass compositions, not only in those of the sodium-silica-calcium type, but also in others containing, for example, borosilicate. Therefore, what color developed depends on several factors, such as those mentioned above: the oxide base of the glass, the concentration of dyes and also its oxidation state.
- copper in the form of oxide imparts a blue coloration of a greenish hue, specify turquoise color, however, in the glass, the copper may be in its monovalent state, which does not impart color.
- the greenish blue coloration depends not only on the amount of copper present, but on the ionic balance between the cuprous and cupric states.
- the maximum absorption of copper oxide is in a band centered at 780 nm and a weak secondary maximum peak is present at 450 nm, which disappears with a high sodium content (about 40% by weight).
- a silica-sodium-calcium glass composition using ferric and ferrous oxide, titanium oxide is provided. Chromium oxide and copper oxide to produce a glass suitable for use in the automotive industry with a thickness of about 1.6 to 12 mm and preferably 1.6 to 5.0 mm.
- the inventors of the present invention found, surprisingly, that for a content of 0.71% to 1.50% of the total iron, expressed in Fe 2 0 3 ; between 22% and 30% of Fe; from 0.15% to 0.50% FeO, expressed as Fe 2 0 3 ; a critical content of 0.10% to 0.20% of S0 3 , which is lower than the common expected in the field and does not affect the properties and refining capacity of S0 3 to eliminate bubbles.
- Glass can also be manufactured with a thickness of about 3.5 millimeters to about 4 mm. If there is a higher concentration of CuO inside the float chamber, a reduction process in the atmosphere could occur, presenting a red coloration on the glass surface. This effect related to the residence time and the forward speed of the glass strip can be intense and observable on the glass surface.
- the main objective of the present invention is to provide a solar control glass composition that can be manufactured with a thickness of about 3.5 millimeters to about 4 millimeters, with a light transmission with "A" of at least 70%; a reduced ultraviolet radiation transmittance (TUV) of not more than 46%, and preferably not more than 35% with an air mass equal to 1.5, of 300-400 nm ISO 13837 convention A standard; a direct solar radiation (TS) transmittance of no more than about 60%, preferably, no more than about 45% ISO 13837; a dominant wavelength of about 490 to 600 nm; a purity of less than 7%; and, a color tint defined by CIELAB, in the ranges a * from -14.49 to -5.07, preferably between -1 1 to -7, b * from +8.88 to 0, preferably between 0 to 3.5, and having a L * value greater than 82.
- TUV reduced ultraviolet radiation transmittance
- TLA light transmission
- A total solar energy
- Ts solar energy
- Ts solar ultraviolet
- Another objective of the present invention is to provide a dark green solar control glass composition whose production is more economical due to the absence of optional cerium oxide and its low critical content of S03, while maintaining its desirable properties of visible light transmission and the absorption of infrared and ultraviolet radiation.
- a typical composition of a silica-sodium-calcium glass used in the automotive industry, and formed by the so-called float glass process called, is characterized by the following formulation based on weight percentage with respect to the total weight of the glass: Components% by weight
- the solar control glass composition of the present invention is based on the composition described above, to which the following coloring compounds have been added: components by weight of 0.71 to 1.50% of the total iron expressed as Fe203; from 22 to 30% of a ferric-ferrous ratio and from 0.15 to 0.50% expressed as FeO; a critical amount of 0.10 to 0.20% of SO3 without affecting the refining properties and the ability of S0 3 to eliminate bubbles; from about 0 to about 1.0% by weight of T1O2; from about 0.0004 to about 0.03% by weight of Cr2Ü3; and also from about 0.0004 to about 0.015% by weight of CuO and optionally containing cerium oxide of less than 0.8% to improve UV absorption, despite the additional cost that the glass composition could represent.
- a glass sheet with a thickness of about 3.5 millimeters to about 4 millimeters was manufactured, resulting in a light transmission (TLA) using "A" of at least 70%; a reduced ultraviolet radiation transmission of less than 46% with air mass equal to 1.5 from 300 to 400 nm ISO 13837 convention A standard; a direct solar heat transmission of less than 60%; a dominant wavelength of about 490 at 600 nni; a purity of less than 7%; and a color dye as defined in CIELAB, in the ranges a * (green-red) -14.49 to -5.07, preferably from -1 1 to -7, b * (blue-yellow) from +8.88 to 0 , preferably from 0 to 3.5, and having an L * value greater than 82.
- TLA light transmission
- total iron contained in the glass composition or in the glass smelting mixture, such as total iron, expressed as Fe203.
- the combined weight of FeO and Fe203 contained in the composition of the resulting glass will be less than that fed during the smelting and less than the total that the initial fierce used is expressed as
- the total iron is iron expressed as Fe203 since, as used herein, it means the amount of iron fed into the mixture before its reduction.
- the ferrous state reduction value is defined as the weight of ferrous oxide (FeO) expressed as Fe203 in the glass product, divided by the percentage by weight of total iron expressed as a percentage reduction.
- Physical properties such as light transmission, correspond to variables calculated based on internationally accepted standards. So the light transmission is evaluated using the illuminant "A” and Standard Observer 2 or also known as 1931 [Publication C. LE. 15.2, ASTM E-308 (1990)].
- the wavelength range used for these purposes is 380 to 780 ⁇ , integrating values in numerical form with intervals of 10 r) m.
- the transmission of solar energy represents the heat that the glass gains directly, evaluating from 300 ⁇ to 2500 ⁇ m with intervals of 50 ⁇ , the numerical form of calculation uses as standard the standard values recognized as those reported by Parry Moon in "Proponed Standard Solar Radiation Curves for Engineer Use "; Franklin Institute, vol. 230, p.604, table II, 1940.
- UV radiation The calculation of the transmission of ultraviolet (UV) radiation involves only the participation of solar UV radiation, so it is evaluated in the range of 300 ⁇ to 400r
- the amount of solar heat that is transmitted through the glass can also be calculated by the contribution of thermal energy with which it participates in each of the regions where the solar spectrum has an influence, which is from the ultraviolet region 300 ⁇ , up to near the infrared region 2500 ⁇ , which is 3% for UV, 44% for the visible and in the order of 53% for IR, however, the direct solar energy transmission values, in the present invention, are calculated based on a numerical integration taking into how much the entire range of the solar spectrum from 300 to 2500 ⁇ , with intervals of 50 ⁇ and using the solar radiation values reported by the ISO / DIS 13837 standard.
- the specifications for color determination have been derived from the Tristimulus values (X, Y, Z) that have been adopted by the International Lighting Commission (CIE), as a Direct result of experiments involving many observers. These specifications can be determined by calculating the trichromatic coefficients X, Y, Z of the Tristimulus values corresponding to the colors red, green and blue respectively. The trichromatic values were plotted in the chromaticity diagram and compared with the coordinates of the illuminant "D65" considered as the lighting standard. The comparison provides the information to determine the purity of color excitation and its dominant wavelength.
- CIE International Lighting Commission
- the dominant wavelength defines the wavelength of the color and its value is in the visible range, from 380 to 780 ⁇ , while for the excitation purity, the lower its value, the closer it tends to be a neutral color
- the color variables L *, a * and b * of the CIELAB 1976 color system are also calculated using tristimulus values.
- silica-sodium-calcium composition in accordance with the present invention, having corresponding physical properties of infrared and ultraviolet radiation transmission, for a glass having a thickness of 4 mm,
- Examples 41 to 49 show the main impact on glass properties due to the addition of cerium oxide in ultraviolet radiation and ferrous radius.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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BR112012030648-0A BR112012030648B1 (pt) | 2010-06-01 | 2011-06-01 | Composição de vidro escuro para controle solar |
MX2012013935A MX345667B (es) | 2010-06-02 | 2011-06-01 | Composicion de vidrio de control solar verde obscuro. |
CA2801244A CA2801244C (en) | 2010-06-01 | 2011-06-01 | Dark green solar control glass composition |
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US12/791,949 | 2010-06-01 | ||
US12/791,949 US8318054B2 (en) | 2010-06-02 | 2010-06-02 | Dark green solar control glass composition |
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BR (1) | BR112012030648B1 (es) |
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WO2020117038A1 (es) * | 2018-12-06 | 2020-06-11 | Vidrio Plano De Mexico, S.A. De C.V. | Una composición para un vidrio verde delgado de control solar |
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US8492736B2 (en) | 2010-06-09 | 2013-07-23 | Lam Research Corporation | Ozone plenum as UV shutter or tunable UV filter for cleaning semiconductor substrates |
US9296641B2 (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2016-03-29 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Inspectable black glass containers |
US9573841B1 (en) * | 2015-10-06 | 2017-02-21 | Vidrio Plano De Mexico, S.A. De C. V. | UV absorbent green solar control glass composition |
KR101969627B1 (ko) * | 2016-06-23 | 2019-04-16 | 주식회사 케이씨씨 | 녹색 유리 조성물 |
CN109562993B (zh) * | 2016-08-05 | 2022-04-15 | Agc株式会社 | 夹层玻璃 |
JP7488260B2 (ja) | 2018-11-26 | 2024-05-21 | オウェンス コーニング インテレクチュアル キャピタル リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | 改善された弾性率を有する高性能ガラス繊維組成物 |
EP3887328A2 (en) | 2018-11-26 | 2021-10-06 | Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, LLC | High performance fiberglass composition with improved specific modulus |
CN113149431A (zh) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-07-23 | 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 | 一种深太阳绿色玻璃 |
Citations (4)
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ES2148139T3 (es) * | 1989-11-16 | 2000-10-16 | Libbey Owens Ford Co | Composicion de vidrio verde absorbente de la radiacion infrarroja y ultravioleta. |
ES2186855T3 (es) * | 1996-09-20 | 2003-05-16 | Saint Gobain | Laminas de vidrio destinadas a la fabricacion de acristalamientos. |
WO2007087125A1 (en) * | 2006-01-12 | 2007-08-02 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Colored glass compositions |
US7670977B2 (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2010-03-02 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Blue glass composition intended for the manufacture of windows |
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US5214008A (en) * | 1992-04-17 | 1993-05-25 | Guardian Industries Corp. | High visible, low UV and low IR transmittance green glass composition |
US5308805A (en) * | 1993-05-05 | 1994-05-03 | Libbey-Owens-Ford Co. | Neutral, low transmittance glass |
US6030911A (en) * | 1994-07-22 | 2000-02-29 | Vitro Flotado, S.A. De C.V. | Green thermo-absorbent glass |
FR2867774B1 (fr) * | 2004-03-19 | 2007-08-10 | Saint Gobain | Composition de verre silico-sodo-calcique gris fonce destinee a la fabrication de vitrages |
-
2010
- 2010-06-02 US US12/791,949 patent/US8318054B2/en active Active
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Patent Citations (4)
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ES2148139T3 (es) * | 1989-11-16 | 2000-10-16 | Libbey Owens Ford Co | Composicion de vidrio verde absorbente de la radiacion infrarroja y ultravioleta. |
ES2186855T3 (es) * | 1996-09-20 | 2003-05-16 | Saint Gobain | Laminas de vidrio destinadas a la fabricacion de acristalamientos. |
US7670977B2 (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2010-03-02 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Blue glass composition intended for the manufacture of windows |
WO2007087125A1 (en) * | 2006-01-12 | 2007-08-02 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Colored glass compositions |
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Cited By (1)
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WO2020117038A1 (es) * | 2018-12-06 | 2020-06-11 | Vidrio Plano De Mexico, S.A. De C.V. | Una composición para un vidrio verde delgado de control solar |
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WO2011152698A3 (es) | 2014-11-20 |
MX2012013935A (es) | 2013-02-07 |
US20110297900A1 (en) | 2011-12-08 |
CA2801244C (en) | 2021-02-09 |
US8318054B2 (en) | 2012-11-27 |
BR112012030648A2 (pt) | 2018-03-20 |
MX345667B (es) | 2017-01-24 |
CA2801244A1 (en) | 2011-12-08 |
BR112012030648B1 (pt) | 2024-02-27 |
CO6640267A2 (es) | 2013-03-22 |
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