WO2011143862A1 - 集成式斯特林制冷机 - Google Patents

集成式斯特林制冷机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011143862A1
WO2011143862A1 PCT/CN2010/076434 CN2010076434W WO2011143862A1 WO 2011143862 A1 WO2011143862 A1 WO 2011143862A1 CN 2010076434 W CN2010076434 W CN 2010076434W WO 2011143862 A1 WO2011143862 A1 WO 2011143862A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
compressor
expander
bracket
piston
stirling refrigerator
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Application number
PCT/CN2010/076434
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄立
Original Assignee
武汉高德红外股份有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 武汉高德红外股份有限公司 filed Critical 武汉高德红外股份有限公司
Priority to EP10847170.7A priority Critical patent/EP2455686A4/en
Priority to US13/698,033 priority patent/US9146047B2/en
Publication of WO2011143862A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011143862A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/001—Gas cycle refrigeration machines with a linear configuration or a linear motor

Definitions

  • the utility model belongs to a Stirling refrigerator for ultra-low temperature, in particular to an integrated Stirling refrigerator with compact structure and compactness. Background technique
  • the Stirling refrigerator is an active refrigeration machine that uses an inverse Stirling cycle.
  • the Philippine laboratory in the Netherlands first made a practical micro-stirling cycle cryogenic refrigerator in 1954 with a cooling capacity of 580W at 77 K.
  • This compact Stirling chiller quickly shows enticing potential in industrial and military applications.
  • high-efficiency cold storage materials, precision gap sealing technology, flexible bearing design and advanced electronic technology have been adopted, making Stirling refrigerators very reliable and durable, and used in low-temperature electronic devices. Cooling of infrared detectors, superconducting devices, etc., plays an important role in military and civilian equipment such as missile guidance, infrared foresight and night vision, and thermal imaging cameras.
  • the initial Stirling refrigerator combines the compression part with the expansion refrigeration part, and the compression piston and the discharger change the rotary motion of the motor into the simple harmonic movement of the piston through the crank linkage mechanism, and the working medium is in the compression space and the cold storage.
  • the part such as the expansion space and the expansion space alternately flow back and forth, and the gas quality does not change, forming a closed cycle.
  • There is no valve in the Stirling cycle machine and the internal irreversible loss is small, so the efficiency is high, the structure is compact, the volume is small, and the weight is light, but the vibration is large due to the rotary motion of the machine, and the noise is large.
  • IDCA refers to the chiller assembly integrated with Dewar and the sensor.
  • the inner cylinder of the Dewar is directly made into the cylinder liner of the ejector, eliminating the traditional ejector outer casing. Therefore, the heat conduction loss of the pipe wall is also eliminated, and the effective cooling capacity of the cooling sensor is increased.
  • the integrated approach not only increases thermal efficiency, but also makes the system compact, compact and lightweight, which is critical for some applications. Summary of the invention
  • the utility model aims to provide a compact and compact integrated Stirling refrigerator, which integrates the expander into the compressor and integrates into a whole.
  • the integrated Stirling refrigerator has a more compact structure and a smaller volume, which is more advantageous. widely used.
  • the integrated Stirling refrigerator is composed of a compressor and an expander.
  • the compressor is composed of a casing, a piston, a leaf spring, a magnet, a coil, a bracket and a support frame, and the casing of the compressor is designed inside and outside.
  • the sleeve is shaped like a compression chamber, and the piston is connected with the leaf spring to support the reciprocating motion of the fixed piston.
  • the wire 3 ⁇ 4 is fixed between the inside of the casing and the bracket, and the magnet is fixed between the bracket and the support frame, and the bracket and the support frame are respectively Connected to the housing, an electromagnetic force is generated between the coil and the magnet to drive the piston to reciprocate;
  • the expander is divided into an expansion chamber and a pneumatic chamber by a small piston and a regenerator fixed together, the expander
  • a cylindrical spring is placed at the bottom, and the regenerator on the small piston of the compressed gas is reciprocated between the pneumatic chamber and the expansion chamber.
  • the regenerator and the cold finger are sealed by a labyrinth, and the supporting member of the small piston is a cylindrical spring.
  • a groove is designed at the center of the compressor, and the expander is embedded in the groove of the compressor.
  • the bottom of the expander is designed with a small hole communicating with the compression chamber of the compressor. Interconnected, so the groove at the center of the compressor is guaranteed to be able to be embedded in the commonly used miniature Dewar Component.
  • the utility model transforms the internal structure and components of the conventional compressor to form four slots in the middle of the compressor.
  • the first is the structure of the compression chamber.
  • the conventional compression chamber is a columnar structure connected to the expander through a small gas line.
  • the utility model designs a groove at the center of the compressor and is embedded in the expander, and the compression cavity of the compressor communicates with the small hole at the bottom of the embedded expander.
  • the biggest difference between the smart integrated Stirling refrigerator and the traditional integrated Stirling refrigerator is that the structure is more compact.
  • the dimensions of a typical Stirling refrigerator are: ⁇ 50 ⁇ ⁇ 200 ⁇ for the compressor and ⁇ 10mm x 60mm for the expander.
  • the difference in the size of the expander and the compressor is large, making the overall structure of the refrigerator irregular and the volume difficult to shrink.
  • the smart integrated Stirling refrigerator provided by the utility model can effectively reduce the volume by embedding the expander in the middle of the compressor, and plays an important role in some applications.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2a is a cross-sectional view of the compression chamber.
  • Figure 2b is a schematic view of a leaf spring with a round hole. detailed description
  • the integrated Stirling refrigerator is composed of a compressor and an expander.
  • the compressor is composed of a casing 1, a piston 4, a leaf spring 8, a magnet 9, a coil 10, and a bracket 14.
  • the utility model is composed of a support frame 15, and the casing of the compressor is formed by an inner and outer cylindrical sleeve of the compression chamber outer casing 11 and the inner chamber 12 of the compression chamber to form an annular compression chamber 3, the cross section of which is shown in Fig.
  • the structure of the leaf spring 8 is as shown in Fig. 2b, supporting the reciprocating motion of the fixed piston to compress the gas, the coil 10 is fixed between the inside of the casing 1 and the bracket 14, and the magnet 9 is fixed on the bracket. 14 and the support frame 15, the bracket 14 and the support frame 15 are respectively connected with the casing 1, and an electromagnetic force is generated between the coil 10 and the magnet 9 to drive the piston 4 to reciprocate; the expander is fixed together
  • the small piston and the regenerator 7 are divided into two chambers, an expansion chamber 6, and a pneumatic chamber.
  • a cylindrical spring 16 is placed at the bottom of the expander, and a regenerator 7 on the small piston of the compressed gas is reciprocated between the pneumatic chamber and the expansion chamber.
  • the regenerator 7 and the cold finger are sealed by a labyrinth.
  • the support member of the small piston is a cylindrical spring 16, which is designed as a groove at the center of the compressor, and the expander 2 is embedded in the four slots of the compressor.
  • the bottom is designed with a small hole 13 communicating with the compression chamber 3 of the compressor, and the working medium is helium.
  • the working principle of the utility model is the same as that of the ordinary Stirling refrigerator.
  • the working fluid is alternately flowed back and forth in the compression chamber 3, the regenerator 7 and the expansion chamber 6 through the tubular harmonic motion of the piston, and the gas quality is unchanged.
  • the closed-type inverse Stirling cycle is constructed, and the cold volume is output by the cold head 5.
  • the advantage of the utility model is that not only does Dan have the characteristics of high thermal efficiency of the common integrated Stirling refrigerator, but also the structure is more compact than the ordinary integrated Stirling refrigerator, and the volume is smaller, and can be exerted in many applications. Important role.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)

Description

集成式斯特林制冷机
技术领域
本实用新型属于超低温用的斯特林制冷机， 特别涉及一种结构 紧凑灵巧型的集成式斯特林制冷机。 背景技术
斯特林制冷机是采用逆斯特林循环的主动型制冷机器。 荷兰菲 利浦实验室在 1954年首次制成实用的微型斯特林循环低温制冷机， 在 77 K具有 580W制冷量。 这种结构紧凑的斯特林制冷机很快就在 工业和军事应用中显示出诱人的潜力。 随着技术水平的提高和加工 工艺的进步， 人们采用了高效蓄冷材料、 精密间隙密封技术、 柔性 轴承设计以及先进电子技术， 使斯特林制冷机变成非常可靠、 耐用， 应用于低温电子器件、 红外探测器、 超导器件等的冷却， 在导弹制 导、 红外前视和夜视、 热像仪等军事和民用装备上发挥了重要作用。
初期的斯特林制冷机将压縮部分与膨胀制冷部分制成一体， 其 压缩活塞与排出器通过曲柄连杆机构将电机的旋转运动变为活塞的 简谐运动， 工质在压缩空间、 蓄冷器和膨胀空间等部分来回交替流 动， 而气体质量不变， 构成闭式循环。 斯特林循环的机器内没有阀 门， 内部不可逆损失小， 因此效率高、 结构紧凑、 体积小、 重量轻， 但由于机器的旋转运动导致振动大、 噪音大。 除了用于制造液氮和 液氢的菲利浦制冷机之外， 斯特林制冷机一直向微型化和长寿命的 方向发展， 实现在液氮温区高效率制冷。 这些机器从结构上来分主 要有整体式和分置式两种， 可以适应许多地面和空间应用的要求。
在地面应用的战术式斯特林制冷机产品中， 通常有独立式（Slip on)和集成式（Integrated Dewar Cooler Assembly)两种。 传统制冷机的 排出器大多套装在一个薄壁不锈钢管的气缸内， 排出器与套管壁间 具有微小的间隙， 保证排出器与缸壁的不接触运动， 套管气缸的存 在使制冷机成为一个独立的封闭系统， 故称之为独立式结构。 独立 式结构的一个缺点就是当制冷机的冷头从 300 被冷却到 77K时， 在排出器套管上出现 300K-77K的温度梯度，通过管壁的导热损失将 导致冷头的有效制冷量减少。 集成式 (IDCA)是指与杜瓦及传感器集 成的制冷机组件， 针对独立套管式的缺点， 直接将杜瓦的内筒体制 成排出器的缸套， 免除了传统的排出器外套管， 因而也消除了其管 壁的导热损失， 使冷却传感器的有效制冷量增大。 显然， 集成式不 仅提高了热效率， 而且使系统的结构紧凑、 体积和重量减小， 这对 于某些应用是至关重要的。 发明内容
本实用新型的目的在于提供一种结构紧凑灵巧型的集成式斯特 林制冷机， 将膨胀机嵌入压缩机整合成整体， 整合后的斯特林制冷 机结构更加紧凑， 体积更加小巧， 更利于广泛应用。
本实用新型的技术方案为：
集成式斯特林制冷机， 由压缩机和膨胀机两部分组成， 所述的 压缩机由壳体、 活塞、 板弹簧、 磁体、 线圈、 支架与支撑架组成， 压缩机的壳体设计为内外相套而形^ ^一个压缩腔， 活塞与板弹簧相 连， 支撑固定活塞的往复运动， 线 ¾固定在壳体内部与支架之间， 磁体固定在支架与支撑架之间， 支架与支撑架分别与壳体相连， 线 圏与磁体之间产生电磁力来驱动活塞往复运动;所述的膨胀机内由固 定在一起的小活塞和回热器分为膨胀腔、 气动腔两个腔， 膨胀机的 底部放置一圆柱弹簧， 压缩气体推移小活塞上的回热器在气动腔和 膨胀腔间作往复运动， 回热器与冷指间为间隙迷宫密封， 推移小活 塞的支撑元件为圓柱弹簧， 其特征在于： 在压缩机的中心处设计成 凹槽， 将膨胀机嵌入压缩机的 槽内， 膨胀机的底部设计有小孔与 压缩机的压缩腔相通。 互连， 因此压缩机中心处的凹槽要求保证能够嵌入常用的微型杜瓦 组件。
本实用新型对传统压縮机内部结构和组件进行改造以在压缩机 中间形成四槽。 首先是压缩腔的结构， 常规的压缩腔都是柱状结构， 通过一个细小的气体管路同膨胀机相连。 本实用新型在压缩机中心 处设计出凹槽并嵌入膨胀机， 在压缩机的压缩腔与嵌入的膨胀机底 部小孔相通。
本实用新型提高的灵巧型集成式斯特林制冷机与传统集成式斯 特林制冷机最大的区别在于结构更加紧凑。 一个典型的斯特林制冷 机外形尺寸是： 压缩机为 Φ 50ιηιη χ 200ππη， 膨胀机冷指为 Φ 10mm x 60mm。 膨胀机和压缩机的外形尺寸差异大， 使制冷机整体结构不 规则， 体积难以縮小。 而本实用新型提供的灵巧型集成式斯特林制 冷机由于将膨胀机嵌入进压缩机中间， 可以有效的缩小体积， 对某 些应用会有重要的作用。 附图说明
图 1是本实用新型的整体结构示意图。
图 2a是压缩腔体的截面图。
图 2b是带圆孔的板弹簧示意图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本实用新型进^"详细的说明：
下面给出一个本实用新型较好^实施例， 结合附图予以详细描 述， 以更好说明本实用新型的结构特征和功能特点。 如图 1 所示， 集成式斯特林制冷机， 由压缩机和膨胀机两部分组成， 所述的压縮 机由壳体 1、 活塞 4、 板弹簧 8、 磁体 9、 线圈 10、 支架 14与支撑架 15組成， 压缩机的壳体由压缩腔外壳 1 1和压缩腔内壳 12两个内外 相套的圆筒形成环形的压缩腔 3 , 其截面见图 2a, 活塞 4与板弹簧 8 相连， 板弹簧 8的结构如图 2b， 支撑固定活塞的往复运动来压缩气 体， 线圏 10固定在壳体 1 内部与支架 14之间， 磁体 9固定在支架 14与支撑架 15之间， 支架 14与支撑架 15分别与壳体 1相连， 线圏 10与磁体 9之间产生电磁力来驱 活塞 4往复运动;所述的膨胀机内 由固定在一起的小活塞和回热器 7分为膨胀腔 6、 气动腔两个腔， 膨 胀机的底部放置一圓柱弹簧 16, 压缩气体推移小活塞上的回热器 7 在气动腔和膨胀腔间作往复运动， 回热器 7 与冷指间为间隙迷宫密 封， 推移小活塞的支撑元件为圆柱弹簧 16， 在压缩机的中心处设计 成凹槽， 将膨胀机 2嵌入压缩机的四槽内， 膨胀机的底部设计有小 孔 13与压缩机的压缩腔 3相通， 工作介质为氦气。
本实用新型的工作原理与普通的斯特林制冷机相同，通过活塞的 筒谐运动， 工质在压缩腔 3、 回热器 7和膨胀腔 6等部分来回交替流 动， 而气体质量不变， 构成闭式逆斯特林循环， 冷量由冷头 5输出。 而本实用新型的优越性在于， 不仅丹有普通集成式斯特林制冷机热 效率高的特点， 而且结构比普通的集成式斯特林制冷机更加紧凑， 体积更加小巧， 在很多应用场合能发挥重要的作用。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 集成式斯特林制冷机， 由压缩机和膨长机两部分组成， 所述 的压缩机由壳体、 活塞、 板弹簧、 磁体、 线圏、 支架与支撑架组成， 压缩机的壳体设计为内外相套而形成一个压缩腔， 活塞与板弹簧相 连， 线圏固定在壳体内部与支架之间， 磁体固定在支架与支撑架之 间， 支架与支撑架分别与壳体相连， 所述的膨胀机内由固定在一起 的小活塞和回热器分为膨胀腔、 气动腔两个腔， 膨胀机的底部放置 一圆柱弹簧； 其特征在于： 在压縮机的中心处设计成凹槽， 将膨胀 机嵌入压缩机的凹槽内， 膨胀机的底部设计有小孔与压缩机的压缩 腔相通。
PCT/CN2010/076434 2010-05-18 2010-08-27 集成式斯特林制冷机 WO2011143862A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10847170.7A EP2455686A4 (en) 2010-05-18 2010-08-27 INTEGRATED STIRLING REFRIGERATOR
US13/698,033 US9146047B2 (en) 2010-05-18 2010-08-27 Integrated Stirling refrigerator

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201020202975XU CN201688618U (zh) 2010-05-18 2010-05-18 集成式斯特林制冷机
CN201020202975.X 2010-05-18

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EP (1) EP2455686A4 (zh)
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CN103486784B (zh) * 2013-08-12 2015-07-15 上海卫星工程研究所 大功率星载斯特林制冷机热控制系统
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CN113218097B (zh) * 2021-06-02 2024-09-27 苏州大学张家港工业技术研究院 一种集成式斯特林制冷机
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