Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
  • C08L9/06—Copolymers with styrene
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
  • B60C1/0016—Compositions of the tread
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K13/00—Use of mixtures of ingredients not covered by one single of the preceding main groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C08K13/02—Organic and inorganic ingredients
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
  • C08K5/0016—Plasticisers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
  • C08K5/053—Polyhydroxylic alcohols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L21/00—Compositions of unspecified rubbers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
  • C08L3/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin

Definitions

• the invention relates to rubber compositions that can be used in tire treads and more particularly to rubber compositions incorporating a starch.
• the European patent application EP0795581 describes tire rubber compositions comprising, in partial replacement of the carbon black, a starch plasticized with a polymer of vinyl alcohol and of ethylene. These compositions are described as allowing a decrease in rolling resistance over starch-free compositions and a stiffness adjustment.
• other European patent applications EP1074582, EP1293530, EP1312639 and EP1514900 also describe rubber compositions comprising a starch plasticized with a vinyl alcohol and ethylene polymer, in addition to usual fillers such as carbon black. and / or silica.
• plasticisers in the compositions may penalize the wear resistance of the tire by the addition of additional component, and therefore by the dilution of the elastomers that it causes, which makes these solutions less than optimal. .
• starch in a tire therefore requires an alternative solution to those mentioned above, making it possible to improve the compromise between rolling resistance and drifting thrust, that is to say, allowing a low rolling resistance to be maintained while increasing the drift thrust, or else to lower the rolling resistance while maintaining the drift (rigidity) thrust, or even increasing it.
• the Applicant has surprisingly discovered that the introduction into the constituent rubber compositions, for example, bandages pneumatic, starch and aqueous or water-soluble plasticizer solved the problems encountered until then.
• the invention therefore relates to a rubber composition based on at least one diene elastomer, a crosslinking system and a reinforcing filler characterized in that the composition also comprises a starch in a proportion of 10 to 50 phr (parts by weight). per hundred parts of elastomer) and an aqueous or water-soluble plasticizer in a proportion of 3 to 30 phr, said aqueous or water-soluble plasticizer being water, or a mixture of water and glycerol in which water is predominant in weight in the aqueous or water-soluble plasticizer.
• the invention relates to a composition as defined above in which the proportion of starch varies from 15 to 40 phr.
• the invention relates to a composition as defined above in which the proportion of aqueous or water-soluble plasticizer varies from 7 to 28 phr.
• the invention also relates to a composition as defined above, in which the starch consists of at least 10% amylose, more preferably at least 15% amylose, and so even more preferred at least 20% amylose.
• the invention relates to a composition as defined above, wherein the aqueous or water-soluble plasticizer is water.
• the invention also relates to a composition such that defined above, in which the reinforcing filler mainly comprises carbon black.
• the invention also relates to a composition as defined above, in which the reinforcing filler mainly comprises silica.
• the invention also relates to a composition as defined above in which the reinforcing filler comprises a blend of carbon black and silica.
• the invention preferably relates to a composition as defined above, in which the composition is in the uncrosslinked state or in the crosslinked state.
• the invention further relates to a tire comprising the rubber composition is as described above.
• the invention further relates to calendered or shaped products comprising a rubber composition according to the invention; preferentially these products will be chosen from the sidewall, the carcass ply, the crown ply, the tread, the bead filler, the underlayer or other elastomer layers; and very preferably this product is the tread.
• the invention further relates to a tire comprising a product as described above.
• the tire according to the invention will be chosen from tires intended to equip a two-wheeled vehicle, a passenger vehicle, or a so-called “heavy vehicle” (that is to say, subway, bus, vehicles outside).
• road transport road transport equipment such as trucks, tractors, trailers), or aircraft, civil engineering, agrarian, or handling equipment.
• the tire tread designates the entire tread or a part thereof (including the underlayer), especially when it is composed of several layers, in contact with the ground.
• the rubber compositions according to the invention are based on the following constituents: at least one diene elastomer, a crosslinking system, a reinforcing filler, a starch and an aqueous or water-soluble plasticizer.
• composition based on is meant a composition comprising the mixture and / or the reaction product in situ of the various basic constituents used, some of these constituents being able to react and / or being intended to react with one another, at least partially, during the various phases of manufacture of the composition, or during subsequent firing, modifying the composition as it was initially prepared.
• the compositions as implemented for the invention may be different in the uncrosslinked state and in the crosslinked state.
• any range of values designated by the expression "between a and b" represents the range of values from more than a to less than b (i.e. terminals a and b excluded) while any range of values designated by the term “from a to b” means the range from a to b (i.e., including the strict limits a and b).
• elastomer or "rubber”, the two terms being considered synonymous
• elastomer derived from at least one of part (ie, a homopolymer or a copolymer) of monomers dienes (monomers bearing two carbon-carbon double bonds, conjugated or not).
• the diene elastomers can be classified into two “essentially unsaturated” or “essentially saturated” categories.
• the term "essentially unsaturated” is generally understood to mean a diene elastomer derived at least in part from conjugated diene monomers, having a level of units or units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 15% (mol%); this is how diene elastomers such as butyl rubbers or copolymers of dienes and EPDM-type alpha-olefins do not fall within the above definition and may be especially described as "essentially saturated” diene elastomers (level of units of diene origin which are weak or very weak, always less than 15%).
• the term “highly unsaturated” diene elastomer is particularly understood to mean a diene elastomer having a content of units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 50%.
• iene elastomer can be understood more particularly to be used in the compositions according to the invention:
• diene elastomer any type of diene elastomer
• the person skilled in the tire art will understand that the present invention is preferably implemented with essentially unsaturated diene elastomers, in particular of the type (a) or (b). ) above.
• conjugated dienes 1,3-butadiene 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-di (C 1 -C 5 alkyl) -1,3-butadienes, such as for example 2, are particularly suitable.
• Suitable vinylaromatic compounds are, for example, styrene, ortho-, meta-, para-methylstyrene, the "vinyl-toluene" commercial mixture, para-tertiarybutylstyrene, methoxystyrenes, chlorostyrenes, vinylmesitylene, divinylbenzene, vinylnaphthalene.
• the copolymers may contain between 99% and 20% by weight of diene units and between 1% and 80% by weight of vinylaromatic units.
• the elastomers may have any microstructure which is a function of the polymerization conditions used, in particular the presence or absence of a modifying and / or randomizing agent and the amounts of modifying and / or randomizing agent used.
• the elastomers can be for example block, statistical, sequenced, microsequenced, and be prepared in dispersion or in solution; they may be coupled and / or starred or functionalized with a coupling agent and / or starring or functionalization.
• silanol or polysiloxane functional groups having a silanol end as described, for example, in FR 2,740,778, US 6,013,718 and WO 2008/141702
• alkoxysilane groups as described for example in FR 2,765,882 or US 5,977,238,
• carboxylic groups as described for example in WO 01/92402 or US 6,815,473, WO 2004/096865 or US 2006/0089445).
• elastomers such as SBR, BR, NR or IR of the epoxidized type.
• Tg glass transition temperature
• styrene content of between 5% and 60% by weight and more particularly between 20% and 50%, a content (mol%) of -1,2 bonds of the butadiene part of between 4% and 75%, a content ( mol%) in trans-1,4 bonds between 10% and 80%, butadiene-isoprene copolymers and in particular those having an isoprene content of between 5% and 90% by weight and a Tg of -40 ° C. to At -80 ° C., the isoprene-styrene copolymers and in particular those having a styrene content of between 5% and 50% by weight and a Tg included at -5 ° C.
• butadiene-styrene-isoprene copolymers those having a styrene content of between 5% and 50% by weight are especially suitable. more particularly between 10% and 40%, an isoprene content of between 15% and 60% by weight and more particularly between 20% and 50%, a butadiene content of between 5% and 50% by weight and more particularly between 20% and 40%, a content (mol%) in units -1, 2 of the butadiene part of between 4% and 85%, a content (mol%) in trans units -1, 4 of the butadiene part contained between 6% and 80%, a content (mol%) in units -1, 2 plus -3.4 of the isoprenic part of between 5% and 70% and a content (mol%) in trans units -1, 4 of the isoprenic portion of between 10% and 50%, and more generally any butadiene-styrene-isoprene copolymer having a Tg between -20 ° C and
• the diene elastomer of the composition is preferably chosen from the group of highly unsaturated diene elastomers consisting of polybutadienes (abbreviated "BR"), synthetic polyisoprenes (IR), natural rubber (NR), copolymers butadiene, isoprene copolymers and mixtures of these elastomers.
• BR polybutadienes
• IR synthetic polyisoprenes
• NR natural rubber
• copolymers butadiene butadiene
• isoprene copolymers and mixtures of these elastomers.
• Such copolymers are more preferably selected from the group consisting of butadiene-styrene copolymers (SBR), isoprene-butadiene copolymers (BIR), isoprene-styrene copolymers (SIR), isoprene-copolymers of butadiene-styrene (SBIR), butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers (NBR), butadiene-styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers (NSBR) or a mixture of two or more of these compounds.
• SBR butadiene-styrene copolymers
• BIR isoprene-butadiene copolymers
• SIR isoprene-styrene copolymers
• NBR butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers
• NSBR butadiene-styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers
• the composition comprises from 50 to 100 phr of an SBR elastomer, whether it be an emulsion-prepared SBR ("ESBR") or a SBR prepared in solution (“SSBR ").
• SBR emulsion-prepared SBR
• SSBR SBR prepared in solution
• the diene elastomer is a blend (mixture) SBR / BR.
• the diene elastomer is a SBR / NR (or SBR / IR), BR / NR (or BR / IR) or SBR / BR / NR (or SBR / BR / IR) blend. ).
• an SBR elastomer In the case of an SBR elastomer (ESBR or SSBR), an SBR having an average styrene content, for example between 20% and 35% by weight, or a high styrene content, for example 35 to 35% by weight, is used in particular. 45%, a vinyl ring content of the butadiene part of between 15% and 70%, a content (mol%) of trans-1,4 bonds of between 15% and 75% and a Tg of between -10 ° C and -55 ° C; such an SBR can be advantageously used in admixture with a BR preferably having more than 90% (mol%) of cis-1,4 bonds.
• the diene elastomer is a predominantly isoprene elastomer (that is to say whose mass fraction of isoprene elastomer is the largest, compared to the mass fraction of other elastomers).
• isoprene elastomer is meant in known manner a homopolymer or copolymer of isoprene, in other words a diene elastomer selected from the group consisting of natural rubber (NR) which can be plasticized or peptized, the polyisoprenes of synthesis (IR), the various isoprene copolymers and the mixtures of these elastomers.
• isoprene copolymers examples include butyl rubber - NR), isoprene-styrene (SIR), isoprene-butadiene (BIR) or isoprene-butadiene-styrene (SBIR).
• This isoprene elastomer is preferably natural rubber or a synthetic cis-1,4 polyisoprene; of these synthetic polyisoprenes, polyisoprenes having a level (mol%) of cis-1,4 bonds greater than 90%, more preferably still greater than 98%, are preferably used.
• the rubber composition comprises a blend of one (or more) diene elastomers referred to as "high Tg” having a Tg of between -70 ° C. and 0 ° C. and one (or more) diene elastomers known as "low Tg” between -1 10 ° C and -80 ° C, more preferably between -105 ° C and -90 ° C.
• the high Tg elastomer is preferably selected from the group consisting of S-SBR, E-SBR, natural rubber, synthetic polyisoprenes (having a molar ratio (% molar) of C 1 -C 4 preferably greater than 95%), BIRs, SIRs, SBIRs, and mixtures of these elastomers.
• the low Tg elastomer preferably comprises butadiene units at a level (mol%) of at least 70%; it consists preferably of a polybutadiene (BR) having a content (mol%) of cis-1,4 chains greater than 90%.
• the rubber composition comprises, for example, between 30 and 90 phr, in particular between 40 and 90 phr, of a high Tg elastomer in a blend with a low Tg elastomer.
• the diene elastomer of the composition according to the invention comprises a blend of a BR (as low elastomer Tg) having a content (mol%) of cis-1,4 chains greater than 90%, with one or more S-SBR or E -SBR (as elastomer (s) high Tg).
• the compositions may contain a single diene elastomer or a mixture of several diene elastomers.
• I-2 Reinforcing filler Any type of reinforcing filler known for its capacity to reinforce a rubber composition that can be used for the manufacture of tires, for example an organic filler such as carbon black, a reinforcing inorganic filler such as silica, or a blend of these two types of filler, including a cut of carbon black and silica.
• an organic filler such as carbon black
• a reinforcing inorganic filler such as silica
• a blend of these two types of filler including a cut of carbon black and silica.
• Carbon blacks are suitable for all carbon blacks, especially so-called pneumatic grade blacks.
• the reinforcing carbon blacks of the 100, 200 or 300 series for example blacks N 15, N 134, N 234, N 326, N330, N 339, N 347 or N375, or else, according to the targeted applications, the blacks of higher series (for example N660, N683, N772).
• the carbon blacks could for example already be incorporated into an isoprene elastomer in the form of a masterbatch (see for example WO 97/36724 or WO 99/16600).
• organic fillers other than carbon blacks mention may be made of functionalized polyvinyl organic fillers as described in applications WO-A-2006/069792, WO-A-2006/069793, WO-A-2008/003434 and WO-A-2008/003435.
• any inorganic or mineral filler (whatever its color and its natural or synthetic origin), also called “white” filler, “clear” filler or “non-black filler”, as opposed to carbon black, capable of reinforcing on its own, without any other means than an intermediate coupling agent, a rubber composition intended for the manufacture of tires, in other words capable of replacing, in its reinforcing function, a carbon black conventional pneumatic grade; such a filler is generally characterized, in known manner, by the presence of hydroxyl groups (-OH) on its surface.
• -OH hydroxyl groups
• the physical state in which the reinforcing inorganic filler is present is indifferent whether in the form of powder, microbeads, granules, beads or any other suitable densified form.
• the term "reinforcing inorganic filler” also refers to mixtures of different reinforcing inorganic fillers, in particular highly dispersible siliceous and / or aluminous fillers as described below.
• Suitable reinforcing inorganic fillers are in particular mineral fillers of the siliceous type, in particular silica (SiO 2), or of the aluminous type, in particular alumina (Al 2 O 3).
• the silica used may be any reinforcing silica known to those skilled in the art, in particular any precipitated or fumed silica having a BET surface and a CTAB specific surface both less than 450 m 2 / g, preferably from 30 to 400 m 2 / g.
• HDS highly dispersible precipitated silicas
• the reinforcing inorganic filler used in particular if it is silica, preferably has a BET surface area of between 45 and 400 m 2 / g, more preferably between 60 and 300 m 2 / g.
• the volume fraction of reinforcing filler in the rubber composition is defined as the ratio of the volume of the reinforcing filler to the volume of all the constituents of the composition, it being understood that the volume of all the constituents is calculated in adding the volume of each of the constituents of the composition.
• the volume fraction of reinforcing filler in a composition is therefore defined as the ratio of the volume of the reinforcing filler to the sum of the volumes of each of the constituents of the composition, typically this volume fraction is between 10% and 30%, preferably between 15% and 25%.
• the total reinforcing filler content (carbon black and / or reinforcing inorganic filler such as silica) is between 40 and 200 phr, more preferably between 50 and 120 phr.
• a reinforcing filler comprising between 40 and 150 phr is used, more preferably between 55 and 120 phr of inorganic filler, particularly of silica, and optionally carbon black; the carbon black, when present, is used in combination with the silica, more preferably at a level of less than 20 phr, more preferably less than 10 phr (for example between 0.1 and 10 phr).
• compositions may optionally also contain, in addition to the coupling agents, coupling activators, inorganic charge-covering agents or, more generally, processing aid agents that can be used in a known manner, thanks to an improvement in the dispersion of the filler in the rubber matrix and a lowering of the viscosity of the compositions, to improve their ability to implement in the green state, these agents being, for example, hydrolysable silanes such as alkylalkoxysilanes, polyols, polyethers, primary, secondary or tertiary amines, hydroxylated or hydrolysable polyorganosiloxanes.
• hydrolysable silanes such as alkylalkoxysilanes, polyols, polyethers, primary, secondary or tertiary amines, hydroxylated or hydrolysable polyorganosiloxanes.
• polysulfide silanes called “symmetrical” or “asymmetrical” silanes according to their particular structure, are used, as described for example in the applications WO03 / 002648 (or US 2005/016651) and WO03 / 002649 (or US 2005/016650).
• x is an integer of 2 to 8 (preferably 2 to 5);
• - A is a divalent hydrocarbon radical (preferably alkylene groups C1-C18 or arylene groups C 2 -C 6, more preferably alkylenes
• radicals R 1 substituted or unsubstituted, identical or different, represent an alkyl group having Ci 8 cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 8 aryl or C 6 -C 8 (preferably alkyl, CrC 6 , cyclohexyl or phenyl, especially C1-C4 alkyl groups, more particularly methyl and / or ethyl).
• radicals R 2 substituted or unsubstituted, identical or different, represent an alkoxy group C1-C18 cycloalkoxy or C 5 -C 8 (preferably a group selected from alkoxyls C 8 and C cycloalkoxyls 5 -C 8 , more preferably still a group selected from C 1 -C 4 alkoxyls, in particular methoxyl and ethoxyl).
• silane polysulfides are more particularly the bis (mono, trisulfide or tetrasulfide) of bis (alkoxyl (CiC 4) - alkyl (CiC 4) silyl-alkyl (CiC 4)) as, for example, polysulfides of bis (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) or bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl).
• TESPT bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide
• TESPD bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide
• TESPD bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide
• TESPD bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide
• TESPD bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide
• polysulfides in particular disulfides, trisulphides or tetrasulfides
• bis- (monoalkoxyl (Ci-C 4 ) -dialkyl (Ci-C 4 ) silylpropyl) more particularly bis-monoethoxydimethylsilylpropyl tetrasulfide.
• the content of coupling agent is preferably between 4 and 12 phr, more preferably between 5 and 10 phr.
• starch designates a polysaccharide comprising amylose and amylopectin units.
• This starch can also be chemically modified, by esterification, hydroxyethylation, acetylation, oxidation or modified with an acid.
• the starches containing at least 10% of amylose, preferably more than 15% and very preferably more than 20%, are preferably used.
• starches comprising at most 90% of amylopectin, preferably less than 85% and very preferably less than 80% are preferred.
• the starch content is between 10 and 50 phr, and preferably between 15 and 40 phr.
• water or water-soluble plasticizer is preferably denoted by water, or a mixture of water and glycerol in which water is predominant by weight in the aqueous or water-soluble plasticizer.
• the mixtures contain from 0 to 50% glycerol in water. Water alone is used even more preferentially.
• the level of aqueous or water-soluble plasticizer is between 3 and 30 phr, preferably between 7 and 28 phr.
• the crosslinking system may be a vulcanization system, it is preferably based on sulfur and a primary vulcanization accelerator.
• a primary vulcanization accelerator to this vulcanization system are optionally added, various known secondary accelerators or vulcanization activators (preferentially for 0.5 to 5.0 phr each) such as zinc oxide, stearic acid, guanidine derivatives (in particular diphenylguanidine), etc.
• Sulfur is used at a preferential rate of between 0.5 and 10 phr, more preferably between 0.5 and 5.0 phr, for example between 0.5 and 3.0 phr, when the invention is applied to a strip. of tire rolling.
• accelerator any compound capable of acting as a vulcanization accelerator for diene elastomers in the presence of sulfur, especially thiazole type accelerators and their derivatives, thiuram type accelerators, zinc dithiocarbamates.
• accelerators are more preferably selected from the group consisting of 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide (abbreviated "MBTS”), N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide (abbreviated “CBS”), N, N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide (abbreviated “DCBS”), N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide (abbreviated “TBBS”), N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenimide (abbreviated "TBSI”), zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate (in abbreviated "ZBEC”) and mixtures of these compounds.
• MBTS 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide
• CBS N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide
• DCBS N-dicyclohex
• the rubber compositions according to the invention optionally also include all or part of the usual additives usually used in elastomer compositions intended in particular for the production of treads, such as, for example, pigments, protective agents such as waxes, -ozone, anti-ozonants chemicals, anti-oxidants, other plasticizers that those mentioned above, anti-fatigue agents, reinforcing resins, acceptors (for example phenolic novolak resin) or methylene donors (for example HMT or H3M), a crosslinking system based on either sulfur or sulfur donors and / or peroxide and / or bismaleimides, vulcanization accelerators, vulcanization activators.
• additives usually used in elastomer compositions intended in particular for the production of treads such as, for example, pigments, protective agents such as waxes, -ozone, anti-ozonants chemicals, anti-oxidants, other plasticizers that those mentioned above, anti-fatigue agents, reinforcing resins, acceptors (for example
• the composition according to the invention further comprises an additional non-aqueous and non-water-soluble plasticizing agent.
• this plasticizer is a solid hydrocarbon resin, a nonaqueous and non-water soluble liquid plasticizer, or a mixture of both.
• the level of total non-aqueous and non-water-soluble plasticizing agent is preferably greater than 5 phr, more preferably between 10 and 100 phr, in particular between 12 and 80 phr, for example between 15 and 80 phr. 50 pce.
• the non-aqueous and non-water-soluble plasticizer is a liquid plasticizer at 20 ° C., said to be "low Tg", that is to say which, by definition, has a Tg lower than -20 ° C, preferably below -40 ° C.
• any extender oil whether of aromatic or non-aromatic nature, any non-aqueous and non-water-soluble liquid plasticizing agent known for its plasticizing properties with respect to diene elastomers, is usable.
• these non-aqueous and non-water-soluble plasticizers or these oils are liquids (that is to say, as a reminder, substances having the capacity to take up the form of their container), in contrast to in particular plasticizing hydrocarbon resins which are inherently solid at room temperature.
• liquid non-aqueous and water-insoluble plasticizers selected from the group consisting of naphthenic oils (low or high viscosity, in particular hydrogenated or not), paraffinic oils, MES oils (Medium Extracted Solvates), TDAE oils (Treated Distillate Aromatic Extracts), mineral oils, vegetable oils, ether plasticizers, ester plasticizers, phosphate plasticizers, sulphonate plasticizers and mixtures thereof. compounds.
• Non-aqueous and non-water-soluble phosphate plasticizers include those containing from 12 to 30 carbon atoms, for example trioctyl phosphate.
• non-aqueous and non-water-soluble ester plasticizers mention may be made in particular of compounds selected from the group consisting of trimellitates, pyromellitates, phthalates, 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylates, adipates, azela- sebacates, glycerol triesters and mixtures of these compounds.
• glycerol triesters preferably consisting predominantly (for more than 50%, more preferably more than 80% by weight) of an unsaturated fatty acid Ci 8 is that is to say selected from the group consisting of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and mixtures of these acids. More preferably, whether of synthetic or natural origin (for example vegetable oils of sunflower or rapeseed), the fatty acid used is more than 50% by weight, more preferably still more than 80% by weight. % by weight of oleic acid.
• the level of non-aqueous and non-water-soluble liquid plasticizer is between 2 and 50 phr, more preferably between 3 and 40 phr, more preferably between 5 and 35 phr.
• this plasticizer is a thermoplastic hydrocarbon resin whose Tg is greater than 0 ° C, preferably greater than 20 ° C.
• This resin is a solid at room temperature (23 ° C), as opposed to a liquid plasticizer such as an oil.
• thermoplastic hydrocarbon plasticizing resin has at least one of the following characteristics: a Tg greater than 20 ° C, more preferably greater than 30 ° C;
• Mn a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of between 400 and 2000 g / mol, more preferentially between 500 and 1500 g / mol;
• thermoplastic hydrocarbon plasticizing resin has all of the above preferred characteristics.
• the macrostructure (Mw, Mn and Ip) of the hydrocarbon resin is determined by steric exclusion chromatography (SEC): solvent tetrahydrofuran; temperature 35 ° C; concentration 1 g / l; flow rate 1 ml / min; filtered solution on 0.45 ⁇ porosity filter before injection; Moore calibration with polystyrene standards; set of 3 "WATERS” columns in series (“STYRAGEL” HR4E, HR1 and HR0.5); differential refractometer detection (“WATERS 2410") and its associated operating software (“WATERS EMPOWER”).
• SEC steric exclusion chromatography
• thermoplastic hydrocarbon resins may be aliphatic or aromatic or alternatively of the aliphatic / aromatic type, that is to say based on aliphatic and / or aromatic monomers. They may be natural or synthetic, whether or not based on petroleum (if so, also known as petroleum resins).
• Suitable aromatic monomers are, for example, styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, ortho-, meta-, para-methylstyrene, vinyl-toluene, para-tert-butylstyrene, methoxystyrenes, chlorostyrenes, vinylmesitylene and divinylbenzene.
• vinylnaphthalene any vinylaromatic monomer derived from a C 9 (or more generally from a C 8 to C 1 0).
• the vinylaromatic monomer is styrene or a vinylaromatic monomer resulting from a C 9 (or more generally from a C 8 to C 1 0).
• the vinylaromatic monomer is the minor monomer, expressed as a mole fraction, in the copolymer under consideration.
• the plasticizing hydrocarbon resin is selected from the group consisting of homopolymer resins or copolymers of cyclopentadiene (abbreviated CPD) or dicyclopentadiene (abbreviated DCPD), terpene homopolymer or copolymer resins, terpene phenol homopolymer or copolymer resins, homopolymer or C5 cut copolymer resins, homopolymer or C9 cut copolymer resins, alpha-methyl-styrene homopolymer and copolymer resins and blends of these resins, used alone or in combination with a liquid plasticizer, by example an oil MES or TDAE.
• a liquid plasticizer by example an oil MES or TDAE.
• pene here combines in a known manner the alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and limonene monomers; preferably, a limonene monomer is used which is present in a known manner in the form of three possible isomers: L-limonene (laevorotatory enantiomer), D-limonene (dextrorotatory enantiomer), or the dipentene, racemic of the dextrorotatory and levorotatory enantiomers. .
• hydrocarbon plasticizing resins there may be mentioned resins of homo- or copolymers of alphapinene, betapinene, dipentene or polylimonene.
• phenol-modified alpha-methyl-styrene resins examples include phenol-modified alpha-methyl-styrene resins.
• hydroxyl number index measured according to ISO 4326 and expressed in mg KOH / g
• the level of plasticizing hydrocarbon resin is between 5 and 50 phr, preferably between 7 and 40 phr, more preferably between 10 and 35 phr.
• the content of plasticizing resin is between 5 and 20 phr, and more preferably between 5 and 15 phr.
• the compositions according to the invention can be used alone or in a blend (i.e., in a mixture) with any other rubber composition that can be used for the manufacture of tires.
• the invention relates to the rubber compositions described above both in the so-called “raw” or uncrosslinked state (ie, before firing) in the so-called “cooked” or crosslinked state, or vulcanized (ie, after crosslinking or vulcanization).
• compositions are manufactured in appropriate mixers, using two successive preparation phases well known to those skilled in the art: a first phase of work or thermomechanical mixing (sometimes referred to as "non-phase" phase). at high temperature, up to a maximum temperature of between 110.degree. C. and 190.degree. C., preferably between 130.degree. C. and 180.degree.
• phase of mechanical work (sometimes referred to as productive ") at a lower temperature, typically below 1 10 ° C, for example between 60 ° C and 100 ° C, finishing phase during which is incorporated the crosslinking system or vulcanization; such phases have been described, for example, in EP-A-0501227, EP-A-0735088, EP-A-0810258, WO00 / 05300 or WO00 / 05301.
• the first (non-productive) phase is preferably carried out in several thermomechanical steps.
• the elastomers are introduced into a suitable mixer such as a conventional internal mixer at a temperature of between 20 ° C. and 100 ° C. and preferably between 25 ° C. and 80 ° C. .
• a suitable mixer such as a conventional internal mixer
• the starch and the aqueous plasticizer or water-soluble are added at once or in parts (in two halves, three-thirds, four-quarters, or a third and then two-thirds for example) during a mixing ranging from 20 seconds to a few minutes.
• the total mixing time in this non-productive phase, is preferably between 2 and 10 minutes at a temperature of less than or equal to 180 ° C, and preferably less than or equal to 170 ° C.
• the Applicant has surprisingly found that the introduction of starch and aqueous or water-soluble plasticizer, fractionally or all at once, into the elastomer or the elastomer mixture, makes it possible to plasticize the starch in situ. , while obtaining a good dispersion, before the introduction of the other constituents of the composition.
• the invention also relates to a process for obtaining a rubber composition, which comprises a first thermomechanical kneading phase of the constituents of the composition, with the exception of the vulcanization system, characterized in that the composition also comprises starch in a proportion of 10 to 50 phr and an aqueous or water-soluble plasticizer in a proportion of 3 to 30 phr and in that the starch and the aqueous or water-soluble plasticizer are incorporated during the first mixing phase, said aqueous or water-soluble plasticizer being water, or a mixture of water and glycerol in which water is predominant by weight in the aqueous or water-soluble plasticizer.
• the invention relates to the process as defined above, in which the proportion of starch in the composition varies from 15 to 40 phr.
• the invention relates to the process as defined above, in which the proportion of aqueous or water-soluble plasticizer in the composition varies from 7 to 28 phr.
• the invention relates to the process as defined above, in which the first mixing phase is carried out in several steps:
• the kneading phase is carried out at a temperature of between 25 ° C. and 180 ° C.
• the vulcanization system is then incorporated at low temperature (typically below 100 ° C.), generally in an external mixer such as a roller mixer; the whole is then mixed (productive phase) for a few minutes, for example between 5 and 15 min.
• the final composition thus obtained is then calendered, for example in the form of a sheet or a plate, in particular for a characterization in the laboratory, or extruded, to form for example a rubber profile used for the manufacture of semi-finished products.
• the vulcanization (or cooking) is conducted in a known manner at a temperature generally between 130 ° C and 200 ° C, under pressure, for a sufficient time which can vary for example between 5 and 90 min depending in particular on the cooking temperature , the vulcanization system adopted, the kinetics of vulcanization of the composition in question or the size of the tire.
• a temperature generally between 130 ° C and 200 ° C, under pressure, for a sufficient time which can vary for example between 5 and 90 min depending in particular on the cooking temperature , the vulcanization system adopted, the kinetics of vulcanization of the composition in question or the size of the tire.
• the following examples illustrate the invention without limiting it.
• the dynamic properties G * and tan (5) max are measured on a viscoanalyzer (Metravib V A4000), according to ASTM D 5992 - 96.
• the response of a sample of vulcanized composition (cylindrical specimen of 2 mm diameter) is recorded. thickness and 78.5 mm 2 section), subjected to a sinusoidal stress in alternating single shear, at the frequency of 10 Hz, under normal temperature conditions according to ASTM D 1349-99. peak to peak deformation of 0.1 to 50% (forward cycle), then 50% to 1% (return cycle).
• the results exploited are the complex dynamic shear modulus (G * ) and the loss factor, tan (5).
• the maximum value of tan (5) observed (tan ( ⁇ ) max) is indicated.
• the dispersion is represented by its Z value, which is measured, after crosslinking, according to the method described by S. Otto et al. in Kautschuk Kunststoffe, 58 Canalgang, Nr 7-8 / 2005, in accordance with ISO 1345.
• the percentage of undispersed surface is measured by a camera observing the surface of the sample under an incident light at 30 °.
• the bright spots are associated with filler and agglomerates, while the dark spots are associated with the rubber matrix; digital processing transforms the image into a black and white image, and allows the determination of the percentage of undispersed surface, as described by S. Oto in the aforementioned document.
• the invention preferably relates to a composition as defined above, which has a dispersion such that the value of Z is greater than 50 and more preferably greater than 55.
• This example is intended to compare the different rubber properties of a control composition not including starch (1-1), common tread composition, or including starch without plasticizer (I-2) compositions according to the invention, that is to say comprising a starch and an aqueous or water-soluble plasticizer (1-3 and 1-4).
• the composition is based on a synthetic elastomer composed of a polybutadiene / butadiene-styrene copolymer mixture.
• These compositions 1-1, I-2, I-3 and I-4 have the same basic formula I.
• CBS N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide
• the composition 1-1 is manufactured with an introduction of all the constituents on an internal mixer.
• the vulcanizing agents sulfur and accelerator
• the vulcanizing agents are introduced on an external mixer at low temperature (the constituent rolls of the mixer being at about 50 ° C.).
• compositions 1-2, 1-3 and 1-4 are manufactured according to the process of the invention, with introduction of the elastomers during a first step of the first mixing phase on an internal mixer.
• the starch and the aqueous or water-soluble plasticizer are introduced in three thirds during the following three successive stages of this first phase on the internal mixer.
• the other constituents are then introduced.
• the vulcanization system is then introduced on an external mixer, during the second phase of the process.
• Table 2 gives the properties measured after cooking at 150 ° C for 40 min.
• compositions I-3 and I-4 comprising starch, a strong improvement of the rigidity revealed by the increase of the dynamic modulus G * at 10% of deformation at 23 ° C, while the hysteresis (Tan ( ⁇ ) max) remains stable or even slightly decreases.
• dispersion Z of the compositions I-3 and I-4 is very good, and even better than that of the control composition.
• composition 1-2 comprising starch without plasticizer, although having a very high rigidity, is not interesting because it has a hysteresis too high compared to the control composition, for use in a tire. It is also noted that the dispersion is very poor if starch without plasticizer is used.
• This example is intended to compare the different rubber properties of a control composition not including starch (11-1) to tread compositions according to the invention, that is to say comprising a starch with different aqueous or water-soluble plasticizers (II-2, 11-3 and II-4).
• the composition is based on synthetic elastomers composed of a BR / SBR mixture, similar to that of Example I in which the SBR (1) is replaced by a functionalized SBR at the end of the chain with a silanol coupling agent as described in the aforementioned patent applications FR 2,740,778 and US Pat. No.
• compositions 11-1, II-2, 11-3 and II-4 therefore have the same basic formula II, identical to the basic formula I described in Example I, with the exception of the choice of the copolymer of butadiene styrene specified in the previous paragraph.
• compositions 11-1, II-2, 11-3 and II-4 are given in Table 3 which follows.
• the volume fractions of charge are kept constant between the control (11-1) and the compositions II-2, 11-3 and I-4.
• compositions 11-1, II-2, 11-3 and II-4 are manufactured according to the process described respectively for the manufacture of the compositions of Example I.
• Table 4 gives the properties measured after cooking at 150 ° C for 40 min.
• compositions II-2, 11-3 and II-4 comprising starch, a strong improvement of the rigidity revealed by the increase of the dynamic modulus G * to 10 % deformation at 23 ° C, while the hysteresis remains stable.
• water as a plasticizer or with a mixture of water and glycerin. It also appears in this example that the presence of plasticizer makes it possible to obtain a very improved dispersion of the fillers in the composition.
• This example is intended to compare different rubber properties a control composition not including starch (111-1) to compositions according to the invention, that is to say comprising a starch and an aqueous or water-soluble plasticizer (III-2 and III-3 ).
• the composition is based on a natural elastomer composed of NR natural rubber.
• compositions 111-1, III-2 and III-3 have the same basic formula III.
• This basic formulation III is as follows: NR (1 1) 100
• compositions II 1-1, III-2 and III-3 are given in Table 5 which follows.
• the composition 111-1 is manufactured with an introduction of all the constituents on an internal mixer.
• the vulcanizing agents sulfur and accelerator
• the vulcanizing agents are introduced on an external mixer at low temperature (the constituent rolls of the mixer being at about 50 ° C.).
• compositions III-2 and III-3 are manufactured according to the process of the invention, with introduction of the elastomer during a first step of the first mixing phase on an internal mixer.
• the starch and the aqueous or water-soluble plasticizer are introduced in two halves during the next two successive stages of this first phase on the internal mixer.
• the other constituents are then introduced.
• the vulcanization system is then introduced on an external mixer, during the second phase of the process.
• Table 6 gives the properties measured after baking at 150 ° C. for 15 minutes.
• compositions III-2 and III-3 comprising starch, a strong improvement of the rigidity revealed by the increase of the dynamic modulus G * at 10% deformation at 23 ° C, while the hysteresis decreases very slightly.

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• 2010
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