WO2011137775A1 - 蜂窝通信系统、终端在小区间切换的方法及宏基站 - Google Patents

蜂窝通信系统、终端在小区间切换的方法及宏基站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011137775A1
WO2011137775A1 PCT/CN2011/074160 CN2011074160W WO2011137775A1 WO 2011137775 A1 WO2011137775 A1 WO 2011137775A1 CN 2011074160 W CN2011074160 W CN 2011074160W WO 2011137775 A1 WO2011137775 A1 WO 2011137775A1
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Prior art keywords
base station
terminal
macro base
micro
macro
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PCT/CN2011/074160
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴建军
卢磊
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP11777194.9A priority Critical patent/EP2603038A4/en
Publication of WO2011137775A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011137775A1/zh
Priority to US13/757,195 priority patent/US20130165130A1/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/08Reselecting an access point
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/04Reselecting a cell layer in multi-layered cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00Connection management
    • H04W76/10Connection setup
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00Network topologies
    • H04W84/02Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/04Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/042Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems
    • H04W84/045Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems using private Base Stations, e.g. femto Base Stations, home Node B

Definitions

  • Cellular communication system method for terminal switching between cells, and macro base station
  • the present invention relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a cellular communication system, a method for switching a terminal between cells, and a macro base station. Background technique
  • the user's needs are mainly voice calls and short messages, and the spectrum efficiency requirements are not high.
  • the system is mainly subject to the size of the coverage area. Therefore, the macro cell networking mode is generally adopted, and the base station spacing is generally large. This networking method is less expensive.
  • the above-mentioned shortcomings can be used to reduce the cell radius and adopt the micro cell networking mode. In this way, the throughput of the system can be improved, and the SNR of the cell edge user can be effectively improved.
  • the coverage area of the microcell base station is small, if the terminal is in a motion state, it may be necessary to frequently switch between different base stations, resulting in service discontinuity.
  • the microcell is supplemented as a macrocell.
  • the microcell can be used to extend the coverage of the macrocell, or to solve some blind spot coverage problems, thereby improving the cell edge.
  • User's SNR User's SNR.
  • the macro base station and the micro base station are independent networks
  • the macro base station and the micro base station independently interact with the network side through the network side functional entity, which may have some negative effects on the system.
  • the coverage area of the micro cell is small, in the case of mobile terminal movement, it is also possible to perform frequent handover with the macro cell or other micro cell, resulting in service discontinuity; if the continuity of the service is to be ensured, an enhanced solution is required. When it will lead to complex network deployment, and so on. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention provides a cellular communication system, a method for handover between terminals in a cell, and a macro base station, which can reduce the negative impact on the system in a networking mode in which a macro cell and a micro cell coexist.
  • the invention provides the following solutions:
  • a cellular communication system comprising a macro base station and at least one micro base station in its coverage area, wherein
  • the macro base station is configured to establish a control channel for the terminal of the micro base station, perform an access management operation on the terminal of the micro base station in the coverage area, and receive a handover request of the terminal, and use the terminal Switching to other micro base stations within the coverage;
  • the micro base station is configured to establish a data channel for the accessed terminal, and perform data transmission with the terminal.
  • a terminal access management method includes:
  • the macro base station periodically transmits a system broadcast message of the macro base station itself and each micro base station in the coverage area, so that the terminal obtains the relevant system parameter access network, and the micro base station needs to access the macro base station coverage when the terminal needs to access the macro base station. Establishing a data channel for the terminal when the micro base station is inside;
  • the macro base station performs the access network network quality of service Qos authorization to the terminal;
  • the macro base station establishes a control channel for the terminal according to QoS, and establishes and maintains user information.
  • a method for switching a terminal between cells includes:
  • the terminal receives the neighboring cell information of the current cell broadcasted by the macro base station, where the current cell is a micro cell in the coverage of the macro base station, and the neighboring cell of the current cell includes other macro cells or other micro cells in the coverage of the macro base station. ;
  • the terminal receives the handover instruction sent by the macro base station to perform cell handover.
  • a macro base station comprising:
  • control channel establishing unit configured to establish a control channel for the terminal of the micro base station in the coverage area
  • access management unit configured to perform an access management operation on the terminal of the micro base station in the coverage area
  • the embodiment of the present invention can separate the user control channel under the micro base station from the data channel, and establish a control channel of the terminal through the macro base station to complete the control plane correlation. Therefore, the micro base station is only used to establish a data plane link of the terminal to complete data transmission. Therefore, the resources of the micro base station can be better used for data communication. Therefore, in the networking mode in which the macro cell and the micro cell coexist, the negative impact on the system can be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a user control plane and a data plane link in a micro base station in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a user control plane and a data plane link in a micro base station according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for handover between terminals according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cellular communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a macro base station according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • the negative impact on the system is because the macro cell and the micro cell are independent networks, and the functions that the micro base station and the macro base station need to perform are basically the same, therefore, The micro base station and the macro base station are equivalent in terms of functions. However, under this equal relationship, it may have a negative impact on the system.
  • the micro base station is responsible for the data plane and the control plane of the terminal, that is, the time-frequency resource of the micro base station needs not only for data communication but also for the terminal.
  • the control plane is controlled, including user access and mobility management.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of data planes and control planes of users in a micro base station in the prior art
  • three different types of ⁇ base stations in the prior art are shown in the figure: Re l ay, WLAN ( Wi Re l es s Loca l Area Networks, WLAN End), Femto ce ll ( HomeNodeB ).
  • the connection between the micro base station to the serving gateway Serv GW (Gateway) and the PDN (Public Data Network) GW is the link of the data plane. It can be seen that the micro base station needs to establish both the control plane and the data plane.
  • each micro base station may need to periodically broadcast its neighbor information, thus making the terminal When a handover is required, multiple broadcast messages need to be scanned, and the target cell of the handover is finally determined. Therefore, this may cause interruption of normal services and waste of resources of the base station.
  • a new network architecture and processing method is proposed, mainly by separating the data plane and the control plane of the terminal, and the control plane is controlled by the macro cellular network, and the microcell only needs to be responsible for the data. Data communication.
  • a three-layer network structure is formed: a macro-cell-micro-cell on the core network side, even if the terminal accessing the micro-cell is uniformly controlled by the macro-cell, including user management, mobility management, etc.;
  • the data of the received network side needs to be transmitted to the terminal, or the data of the terminal is transmitted back to the network side.
  • a macro base station may correspond to at least one base station in its coverage area, where the base station may exist in the following situations:
  • the micro base station may refer to a micro base station that works in a manner such as WLAN or femto ce ll (HomeNodeB) in the prior art.
  • the micro base station is not set to extend the coverage of the macro base station, that is, in the Acer base.
  • Such a micro base station may also be deployed within the signal coverage of the station, supplementing the 3GPP access network, or solving the problem of home access.
  • the micro base station in the coverage of the macro base station may include a micro base station working in a manner of using a WLAN, a system, or a home NodeB in the coverage of the macro base station.
  • the macro cell and the micro cell in the prior art cellular communication system can be used without re-dividing the cell, changing only the mode of operation of the macro base station and the micro base station, and the relationship between the two.
  • the macro base station needs to complete the following tasks: For the terminal accessing the macro base station, the macro base station needs to be responsible for realizing data communication of these terminals, and is also responsible for managing these terminals; meanwhile, the macro base station also needs to access the terminal of the micro base station. Unified management and mobility control.
  • the task of the micro base station is: When a terminal accesses the micro base station, the data plane of the terminal is maintained.
  • control plane and the data can be implemented for the terminal accessing the micro base station.
  • separation of the faces can be implemented for the terminal accessing the micro base station.
  • the cell may be re-divided.
  • the area covered by the original macro base station signal ie, the macro cell
  • the macro cell may be divided into multiple micro cells, and one micro base station is deployed in each micro cell.
  • the original macro base station remains.
  • the WLAN and the femto ce may be different in the traditional sense.
  • the micro base station may also be an LTE base station, that is, the working mode and the original macro base station. It may be the same, except that the signal coverage of the micro base station is smaller than that of the macro base station.
  • another deployment method may also be to first deploy a microcell and ensure coverage, and add a macro base station to improve mobility.
  • it can be said that, in this case, it is equivalent to adopting the networking mode of the micro cell, the base station data is increased, and the cell radius is reduced; however, unlike the simple micro cell networking mode, multiple micro cells can be composed.
  • the macro base station and the newly added micro base station in the embodiment of the present invention are different in function from the macro base station and the micro base station in the traditional sense.
  • the macro base station is covered by the signal.
  • the terminal performs control such as access or mobility management, and the micro base station is responsible for completing corresponding data communication. Therefore, the separation of the control plane and the data plane of the terminal is achieved.
  • the macro base station may also be responsible for completing the corresponding data communication.
  • the micro base station is mainly responsible for the work of the user data plane, and the macro base station completes the work of the user control plane.
  • the macro base station also Can work on some user data surfaces.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a cellular communication system, where the system includes a macrocell and at least one microcell within its coverage, wherein the control process of the user is completed by the macro base station, and the micro base station only needs to receive the macro base station.
  • the control signal is sent and the corresponding operation is performed to complete the control of the user control plane.
  • the main function of the micro base station is to establish a data channel for the user to complete the data transmission when the terminal accesses the micro cell.
  • the topology relationship between the macro base station and the micro base station may be established and maintained by the macro base station itself, that is, the macro base station may detect which micro-coverages are in its coverage area.
  • a base station a topological relationship with the micro base stations, and maintaining the topology relationship;
  • the macro base station also needs to establish and maintain a topological relationship between the base stations.
  • the topology relationship can also be established and maintained by a network-side control entity.
  • the macro base station can focus on establishing a user control plane channel, and can more effectively utilize the resources of the macro base station. .
  • FIG. 2 it is a schematic diagram of establishing a control channel and a data channel in a system structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the BS is a macro base station, a micro cell Micro Cel lular, and three LTE micro base stations.
  • Figure 2 shows the control channel and data channel of the terminal under Mi cel Cel lular, where the dotted line is the control channel and the solid line is the data channel.
  • the whole cellular system is divided into multiple subsystems, and the number of subsystems is the same as the number of macro cells, and each subsystem is covered by a macro cell and At least one microcell consisting of a range.
  • the macro base station is responsible for completing its control plane.
  • the BS as a macro cell in FIG. 2 and the three LTE and Mi cel lular as a cell form a subsystem, wherein, for a terminal connected to the microcell Micro Cel lular, a control channel is established through the macro base station BS.
  • the data channel is established through the base station Misro Cel lular to which it is connected.
  • the micro base station Micro Cel lular only needs to be responsible for the data transmission in the communication process, and the operations related to the access management and mobility management of the terminal are all completed by the macro base station BS.
  • the macro base station controls the terminal control plane under the micro base station in the coverage area, so that the resources of the micro base station can be better used for data communication; and the data plane of the user can be based on service characteristics, user payment policies, and the like.
  • Different implementations are used to solve the pressure on the carrier backhaul brought by a large number of cellular networks.
  • the micro base stations in the coverage of the macro base station in the embodiments of the present invention are all within the signal coverage range of the macro cell, that is, whether the micro base station is original in the system or newly re-divided into the macro cell.
  • the deployed location is in the signal coverage of the macro base station.
  • there may be a blind zone that is, a location where the signals of the macro base stations cannot be covered.
  • the blind spot coverage problem may be solved by adopting a method of deploying the micro base station;
  • the micro base station does not include such a micro base station.
  • Such a micro base station exists in the system it can be regarded as a network independent of the macro cell according to the prior art method, that is, the user is independently completed by the micro cell.
  • the control surface and data surface work.
  • the macro base station and the micro base station can be connected in a certain manner, and are divided into a wireless connection and Wired connection, the wireless connection includes the use of in-band transmission (that is, the communication between the macro base station and the micro base station is the same as the frequency band used for communication between the base station and the terminal) and the out-of-band microwave transmission method (in contrast to the above method) ).
  • in-band transmission that is, the communication between the macro base station and the micro base station is the same as the frequency band used for communication between the base station and the terminal
  • the out-of-band microwave transmission method in contrast to the above method
  • the terminal access management and mobility management may be included.
  • the macrocell can also implement the cooperative management between the microcellular networks in the coverage area, thereby solving the microcell.
  • the network itself has frequent problems such as frequent handover, interference coordination, and coordinated transmission. The following is a detailed introduction.
  • the macro base station can perform unified management on the terminals under the micro base station in the coverage area to complete user authentication and QoS authorization operations, wherein the authentication of the terminal includes establishment of security information and distribution of keys.
  • the terminal access management is required when the terminal accesses the network.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal access management method, including the following steps:
  • the macro base station periodically sends a system broadcast message of the macro base station itself and each micro base station in the coverage area, so that the terminal obtains the relevant system parameter access network; the micro base station needs to access the macro base when the terminal needs to access the base station. Establishing a data channel for the terminal when the micro base station in the coverage area of the station;
  • the system broadcast message of each micro base station may include a physical layer modulation and demodulation mode, a channel coding mode, a center frequency point, and the like supported by each micro base station, and the terminal may obtain the correlation parameter from the messages to access the network.
  • the system broadcast messages of all the micro base stations in the coverage of the macro base station are sent by the macro base station.
  • the macro base station When the terminal needs to access the micro base station in the coverage of the macro base station, the macro base station performs the access network network quality of service Qos authorization to the terminal;
  • the terminal may complete the network authentication process by using the macro base station, and the MME and the macro base station establish and maintain the terminal-related security context and mobility context; the relevant security context herein includes a key.
  • the terminal also completes the network QoS authorization process through the WLAN GW and the PDN GW through the macro base station, and the QoS GW and the PDN GW establish and maintain the terminal QoS Prof ile, and establish according to the policy from the PCRF received in the relevant authorization process. Deep packet inspection strategy.
  • S 303 the macro base The station establishes a control channel for the terminal according to QoS, and establishes and maintains user information.
  • the terminal can also establish a data channel for the terminal (the data channel is only used to transmit delay sensitive data), and at the same time, establish and maintain user information.
  • the macro base station can also establish and maintain a deep packet inspection strategy;
  • the establishment of the control channel is to allocate the most basic connection to the terminal on the air interface for transmitting the control command; establishing the data channel is to establish a connection for transmitting data on the air interface.
  • establishing a control channel requires assigning channel information, paging channel, and the like for random access to the terminal.
  • Establishing a data channel means that a channel such as PDCH and PUDH needs to be allocated to the terminal.
  • the control channel is established by the macro base station, that is, whether the data of the terminal is finally transmitted to the macro base station or the micro base station.
  • the control channel On the network side, its related control procedures are all completed by the macro base station.
  • the data channel it may be established by the micro base station, or may be established by the macro base station; when the data channel is established by the micro base station, the data of the terminal is transmitted to the network side via the micro base station, correspondingly, When the data channel is established by the macro base station, the data of the terminal is transmitted to the network side via the macro base station.
  • the data channel is established for data transmission, and when the data channel is established, it may need to be established according to specific data. For example, for the WEB service and the FTP download service, different channels may need to be allocated to complete; In practical applications, it may be established in real time according to a specific service type when data needs to be transmitted. Of course, information such as the type of service required by the terminal may be registered on the network side. Therefore, after the terminal accesses the network, the data channel may be established for the terminal directly according to the registration information of the user.
  • the data channel for transmitting and transmitting the MMS can be directly established for the terminal; or, for the characteristics of the terminal, data can be established for some commonly used services in advance. aisle.
  • the data channel establishment policy may be formulated according to a specific service type or a user's payment policy, and, for the same terminal, if multiple different types of services are required (not at the same time),
  • the data channel may be established by the micro base station, and the data channel may be established by the macro base station.
  • the corresponding data plane established in advance may be used according to the specific service type. For example, for data sensitive to delay, the data can be transmitted through the macro base station; for some data with large data volume and not very sensitive to delay, the data can be transmitted through the micro base station. There will be a more specific description of the data surface.
  • the terminal may access the one or more micro base stations.
  • the network side In the process, the network side generates a corresponding micro base station security context and sends the information to the micro base station.
  • the macro base station may send the micro base station security context to the micro base station. Or it can be directly sent to the micro base station by a mobility management entity (such as ⁇ E, etc.).
  • micro or base station the terminal may be determined by the terminal itself, or may be selected by the macro base station for the terminal.
  • the macro base station may broadcast relevant system parameters of each micro base station to the terminal, and the terminal may obtain relevant system parameters of each micro cell through the broadcast message of the macro base station, and then may synchronize information according to time and frequency, etc.
  • the terminal may select to attach to a micro base station, modify the receiving frequency of the terminal to the transmitting frequency of the micro base station.
  • the macro base station may select a micro base station to be attached to the terminal according to information such as the current location of the terminal or the channel condition between the terminal and the micro base station, and the corresponding micro base station
  • the relevant system parameters are sent to the terminal, and the terminal directly accesses the micro base station.
  • the terminal does not need to perceive the existence of the micro base station, and directly accesses the corresponding base station according to relevant system parameters (such as frequency resource blocks) sent by the macro base station to complete the corresponding service.
  • the data channel may have been established for the terminal by the macro base station in step 3, the data channel is generally established for delay-sensitive data. Therefore, for other types of data, the data channel needs to be established through the micro base station. .
  • the macro base station establishes a control channel and a data channel for transmitting delay sensitive data
  • the micro base station establishes a data base for transmitting other types of data.
  • the data channel in this way, is equivalent to the data transmission or mobility management of the terminal.
  • the terminal sends to the macro base station; for delay sensitive data, it transmits to the Internet through the macro base station via the Serving GW and the PDN-GW; for other data (eg, high data rate data) Etc., through the micro base station, sent to the Internet via Serving GW and PDN-GW; for low value-added service data, directly through the micro base station loca l breakout (locally directly connected to the Internet), routing to the Internet; for data classification, Through deep packet inspection, relevant packet information is obtained and classified into corresponding bearer data planes.
  • data eg, high data rate data
  • the delay sensitive data is transmitted through the macro base station because the data channel is not required to be transferred when the data channel is directly established by the macro base station.
  • the processing speed can be speeded up, the overhead of the micro base station is saved, the resources of the micro base station can be better used for data communication, and the throughput of the micro base station is improved; and the macro base station is improved.
  • Unified management of users can facilitate better load balancing and improve utilization of spectrum resources throughout the coverage.
  • Mobility management can include aspects such as location, handover, paging, and location updates. The following is a detailed introduction.
  • Positioning refers to determining the location of the user.
  • the time difference between the user terminal and the base station can be obtained by measuring the time when the signal sent by the base station is sent to the user terminal, or the time difference between the signals of different base stations reaching the user terminal. Then, according to the location of the base station, the location of the user terminal can be calculated.
  • the terminal is positioned more quickly and accurately; through the macro cell and the micro cell, different levels of phased positioning can be realized, that is, macro cell level positioning and micro cell level positioning, due to macro cell coverage
  • different levels of phased positioning can be realized, that is, macro cell level positioning and micro cell level positioning, due to macro cell coverage
  • the range is large, so the relative accuracy is relatively poor, but the relative speed is fast; the microcell coverage is small, so that the positioning with higher longitude can be realized; the different precision and speed requirements of the user positioning can be satisfied; for example, the first stage can be fast through the macro cell Rough positioning, precise positioning of the second stage through the microcell.
  • the positioning between the macro base station and the micro base station may be mainly indicated by the positioning function entity on the network side, for example, sending a corresponding message to the macro base station and the micro base station, and instructing to send the positioning signal and the positioning message at a specific time (notifying the terminal) To locate, and so on.
  • Handover is a very important part of the cellular system. If the terminal is in the process of making a call and other services, and the location changes, from one cell to another, switching is required. In the prior art, both the macro base station and the micro base station need to broadcast their neighbor information, and the handover process needs to be completed by the source micro base station. Therefore, during the handover process, service interruption may occur.
  • the neighboring area information of the related micro base station can be broadcasted by the macro base station in a fixed gap, so that the terminal can obtain the neighboring area information of the attached micro base station as long as it receives the message broadcast by the macro base station. Then, a handover request can be initiated to the macro base station to complete the handover.
  • the process of the terminal switching between cells may include the following steps:
  • the terminal receives the neighboring cell information of the current cell broadcast by the macro base station, where the current cell is a micro cell in the coverage of the macro base station, and the neighboring cell of the current cell includes another macro cell or the macro base station. Other micro-areas within the coverage;
  • the macro base station broadcasts the neighboring area information of each micro base station in its coverage to the terminal, and when the terminal needs to perform handover, the terminal can scan the broadcast message of the macro base station to obtain the neighboring area information of the current source micro base station.
  • the neighboring area of one micro base station may be other micro areas within the coverage of the same macro base station, and may also be other macro cells.
  • the handover target cell is selected according to the neighboring cell information, and the determined target cell information is notified to the macro base station, so that the macro base station initiates a handover request to the base station of the target cell.
  • the terminal may perform a handover decision according to its own communication state (signal-to-noise ratio, etc.), and when the handover is decided, the handover trigger is triggered to the attached macro base station; or the macro base station may also be based on the situation of the micro-base station where the current terminal is located (position, signal-to-noise ratio , motion prediction and load), etc., make a handover decision, and select a destination base station for the terminal;
  • the macro base station sends a handover request to the selected destination micro base station, and the destination micro base station replies with a corresponding handover request response, and then the macro base station transmits the relevant context of the terminal to the destination micro base station. Then, the macro base station sends a handover indication to the source micro base station, and the source micro base station replies with a corresponding handover indication response.
  • the relevant context is generated during the process of authenticating and authorizing the terminal when the terminal enters the network. After the handover, the relevant context of the terminal does not need to be regenerated, so it can be directly transmitted to the destination micro base station.
  • the relevant context includes a security key obtained when the terminal is authenticated, and a QOS policy and a deep packet policy obtained when the terminal is authorized;
  • the macro base station needs to notify the source micro base station of the information
  • S403 The terminal receives a handover instruction sent by the macro base station to perform cell handover.
  • the terminal receiving the macro base station sends a handover command to start the handover process. Specifically, the terminal initiates a network reattach operation at the target micro base station to complete the handover operation; the micro base station of the target cell sends the handover completion signaling to the ⁇ E directly or via the macrocell base station, indicating The handover is completed; ⁇ E notifies the Serving GW to initiate an update of the data channel, and after the update, the user connects to the Serving GW through the destination microcell base station.
  • the neighboring cell message is uniformly broadcast by the macro base station, it is convenient for the user terminal to receive, and the scanning requirement of the terminal is reduced.
  • the macro base station and the terminal are always connected, Therefore, before the handover between the two micro base stations is completed, if the data arrives, the macro base station can temporarily transmit, so that the interruption of the normal communication of the terminal is avoided; in addition, the resources of the target base station and the terminal access time slot are avoided.
  • the macro base station can pre-schedule and notify the terminal, which reduces the processing requirements of the micro base station; the movement and handover of the user terminal between the micro cells are uniformly controlled by the macro cell, thereby accelerating the handover process and ensuring the integrity of data transmission.
  • the terminal When a terminal is a service receiver, if the terminal is in idle mode, the terminal needs to be paged first to wake up the terminal.
  • the network side cannot know the current location of the terminal when the terminal is in the idle mode. Therefore, in the prior art, if paging is required for a terminal, paging needs to be sent to all macro base stations and micro base stations in the network. Requests, obviously paging efficiency will be lower.
  • the macro base station has related information of all the micro base stations in its coverage. Therefore, the specific paging process can be performed as follows:
  • Step 1 The MME initiates a paging process, and initiates a paging message at the level of Macro Cel1, and sends the paging message to multiple macro base stations respectively.
  • Each terminal has an ID for uniquely identifying the terminal. Therefore, when the terminal enters an idle state, the network side can generate a hash value according to the ID, which represents the terminal, and therefore can be carried in the paging message.
  • the Ha sh value after the terminal receives the hash value, it compares with its own Ha sh value to determine whether it is paging itself. If yes, it exits the idle mode and prepares for some corresponding operations.
  • Step 2 After receiving the paging message of ⁇ E, the macro eNB sends a corresponding paging message to each terminal on each air interface;
  • Step 3 After receiving the paging message, the terminal may send an RAHC preamble message to the macro base station if it is determined that it is paging itself;
  • Step 4 After receiving the message, the macro base station returns a RACH response to ⁇ E; ⁇ E can terminate the sending of the paging message on other macro base stations after receiving the response message;
  • ⁇ E Since ⁇ E may be periodically sending a paging request, it will be sent periodically until it receives a response from the macro base station. When a macro base station receives the RAHC preamb le of the terminal, it proves that the required terminal has been found. At this time, the macro base station can notify the MME, and correspondingly, after receiving the response, the ⁇ E can stop sending. The paging message;
  • Step 5 The terminal sends a connection request to the macro base station, and exits the idle mode.
  • Step 6 After receiving the message, the macro base station sends an initial terminal message to the MME, and returns a connection establishment to the terminal;
  • Step 7 ⁇ E sends an initial context setup request to the macro base station
  • the information of the previous macro base station is deleted and saved to E; however, after the terminal is woken up, it may have moved to the coverage of other macro base stations, so the context needs to be replied, and the initial context is needed. Save to MME;
  • Step 8 The macro base station determines, according to the location of the terminal, the QoS requirement of the terminal, the micro base station that provides the data transmission service for the terminal, and sends the radio bearer to the micro base station;
  • Step 9 The micro base station sends a radio bearer to the terminal, initiates an air interface radio bearer setup process, and the terminal returns to complete the radio bearer establishment to the micro base station;
  • Step 1 0 The micro base station replies to the completion of the radio bearer establishment to the macro base station, and the macro base station replies to the initial context establishment to the MME.
  • the terminal under normal circumstances, if there is no service in the terminal, it should be kept in the idle mode as much as possible to save power of the terminal.
  • the terminal if the terminal is in a mobile state, in order to ensure that the terminal can perform data communication at any time, it may be necessary to update the location information of the terminal.
  • the location information of the terminal In the prior art, if a user moves from one micro cell to another micro cell, the location information of the terminal needs to be updated. Since the coverage of the micro cell is small, frequent updates may be required. The terminal cannot be in idle mode.
  • the user since the macro cell controls the control plane of the micro cell, the user does not need to update the location information of the terminal when the user crosses different micro base stations within the coverage of the same macro base station.
  • the frequency of the location update is reduced, and the terminal can be truly idle when the data communication is not performed, as long as the terminal does not leave the coverage of the macro cell, thereby saving power.
  • control planes related to user access management and mobility management are described in detail above. Other advantages that can be brought about by the cellular communication system provided by the embodiment of the present invention in addition to the above are described below.
  • the first is the cooperation between the micro base stations. Due to the cooperation between multiple micro base stations, the terminal can provide a better data transmission service. Therefore, usually one terminal can be attached to multiple micro base stations, and the micro base stations jointly provide corresponding communication support for the terminal. However, how the micro base stations participate in the cooperation, and which cooperation mode is adopted is a problem to be solved, and the cellular provided by the embodiment of the present invention is adopted.
  • the communication system can realize the cooperation between the micro base stations.
  • the spectrum and time slot resources used by the cooperation are uniformly selected and controlled by the relevant macro base station according to the current state of the terminal and the network, so that the synchronization between the micro base stations participating in the cooperation can be better realized, and the micro base station is reduced.
  • Inter-communication signaling and procedures reduce the transmission pressure on the micro-base station backhaul network, speed up the establishment of cooperation; and, by the macro base station unified control, can better select the more appropriate micro-target state and network load
  • the cell communicates cooperatively.
  • connection management signaling of the micro base station can also be managed and delivered from the macro base station, and in the 0FDMA system, the partial base station can be allocated by the macro base station.
  • the function of the connection management signaling is to indicate that the OFDM resource allocated to the terminal is used to send data to the terminal, or to provide data to the terminal.
  • the signaling is sent by the micro base station to which the terminal is attached. .
  • connection management signaling of the micro base station is uniformly sent by the macro cell for the mobility of the terminal, and the specific subcarrier and the micro cell and the terminal are established by allocating a specific OFDM subcarrier.
  • the mapping relationship between the two can further reduce the corresponding overhead.
  • the data plane of the user is mainly implemented by the micro base station.
  • the AP of the micro base station can be used.
  • the AP can be a WLAN AP, a Femto AP, or a Rea ly scene.
  • Rea ly station AP accesses the user plane of the macro base station (data from the terminal to the micro base station, then from the micro base station to the macro base station, via the serving GW, PDN GW, and finally to the Internet), and further passes through the core network data plane of the macro base station,
  • the dl interface in Figure 2 can also directly access the Internet through the AP of the micro-cell (which can be a WLAN AP, a Femto AP, or a Rea ly station AP in the Rea ly scenario).
  • the data plane of the user may be implemented by the macro base station as necessary.
  • the specific data plane policy may be implemented by the micro base station. Make a choice.
  • the micro base station may perform deep packet inspection on the data packet, thereby determining the service type, QoS requirement, or delay sensitivity of the data packet, and the like. Then, based on these judgment results, the corresponding data transmission strategy can be selected. For example, when the service policy is selected, the service direction can be controlled according to whether the service adds value to the operator and the nature of the service itself.
  • micro-cell AP (which can be a WLAN AP, a Femto AP, or a Rea ly scene) Under the business of Rea ly station AP)
  • some services pass through the user plane of the macro base station and pass through the core network data plane of the macro base station, and some services directly access the internet through the micro base station; that is, part of the service goes to the dl interface in Figure 2, and part of the service proceeds. In the d2 interface.
  • the data packet (such as Serving Ga teway, etc.) can perform deep packet inspection on the data packet, and can also determine the service type, QoS requirement, or delay sensitivity of the data packet. And so on, then, according to these judgment results, data can be transmitted to the user through the macro base station or the micro base station.
  • the QoS guarantee can be better provided by the two levels of the macro base station and the micro base station, for example, the delay sensitivity and the high data rate service are transmitted by using different policies. .
  • the cellular communication system includes a macro base station 501 and at least one micro base station 502 in the coverage area (in the figure, two micro base stations are taken as an example), wherein
  • the station 501 is configured to establish a control channel for the terminal of the micro base station, perform an access management operation on the terminal of the micro base station in the coverage area, and receive a handover request of the terminal, and switch the terminal to the terminal.
  • Other micro base stations within the coverage are also be established.
  • the micro base station 502 is configured to establish a data channel for the accessed terminal, and perform data transmission with the terminal.
  • the dotted line in Fig. 5 indicates that the user's control channel is established by the macro base station.
  • the main task of the micro base station 502 is to establish and maintain the data plane of the user, without wasting too much resources for the control plane.
  • the macro base station may temporarily complete the transmission of the data.
  • the macro base station 501 may further include:
  • a data forwarding unit configured to receive user data that needs to be forwarded before the terminal switches between the micro base stations in the coverage of the macro base station, and send the user data to the receiving end.
  • the paging message may be sent to the micro base station instead of the micro base station, and the macro base station 501 may further include:
  • a paging unit configured to receive a paging message of a mobility management entity (such as ⁇ E, etc.), to initiate paging to the terminal of the base station in the coverage to wake up the terminal.
  • a mobility management entity such as ⁇ E, etc.
  • the terminal receives the search
  • the response message may be returned to the macro base station, and the macro base station may further continue to return a response message to the E to notify the user E to stop the sending of the paging message.
  • the macro base station may not only be responsible for the work of the user control plane. For example, if delay sensitive data needs to be transmitted, in order to meet the delay requirement, the data transmission may be completed by the macro base station.
  • the macro base station 501 can also include:
  • a data channel establishing unit configured to establish a data channel for the terminal, to complete transmission of the delay sensitive data.
  • the macro base station 510 may further include: a cooperation management unit, configured to uniformly select and control the spectrum and time slot resources used for cooperation according to the current state of the terminal and the network, and allocate the coverage that can be attached to the terminal.
  • a cooperation management unit configured to uniformly select and control the spectrum and time slot resources used for cooperation according to the current state of the terminal and the network, and allocate the coverage that can be attached to the terminal.
  • the macro base station 510 may further include: a connection management unit configured to manage and transmit connection management signaling of each micro base station within its coverage. In this way, the system overhead caused by managing and delivering connection management signaling for the micro base station can be reduced.
  • the macro base station and the micro base station in the coverage area have a certain topological relationship, and the topology relationship may be established and maintained by the macro base station, or may be established by a network side entity. And maintenance.
  • the macro base station 501 may further include: a topology relationship management unit, configured to establish and maintain a topology relationship between the macro base station and a micro base station in the coverage area thereof.
  • the system further includes: a network management control entity, configured to establish and maintain a topology relationship between the macro base station and a micro base station in its coverage area.
  • the QoS guarantee can be better provided by the two levels of the macro base station and the micro base station.
  • the micro base station 502 is further configured to: perform deep packet detection on the received uplink data packet, and select a corresponding data transmission manner according to the depth packet detection result.
  • the system may further include: a data gateway deep packet detecting unit, configured to perform deep packet detection on the downlink data packet; and a selecting unit, configured to select, according to the depth packet detection result, The way data is transmitted.
  • the deep packet detecting unit and the selecting unit may be located in the micro base station, or may also be in the gateway.
  • the micro base station may have multiple forms of existence, such as Relay, H-eNB, Wif i AP or p i co, and the like.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a macro base station.
  • the macro base station 60 includes the following units:
  • control channel establishing unit 601 configured to establish a control channel for the terminal under the micro base station in the coverage area
  • the access management unit 602 is configured to perform an access management operation on the terminals in each of the micro base stations in the coverage area.
  • the switching unit 603 is configured to receive a handover request of the terminal, and switch the terminal to another micro base station in the coverage range.
  • the macro base station may further include:
  • a data forwarding unit configured to: before the switching between the micro base stations in the coverage of the macro base station, receive the user data that needs to be forwarded, and send the user data to the receiving end.
  • the macro base station may further include:
  • a paging unit configured to receive a paging message of the mobility management entity, and initiate a paging to the terminal under each of the micro base stations in the coverage to wake up the terminal.
  • the macro base station may further include:
  • a data channel establishing unit configured to establish a data channel for the terminal, and complete transmission of the delay sensitive data.
  • the macro base station may further include:
  • the cooperation management unit is configured to uniformly select and control the spectrum and the time slot resources used for cooperation according to the current state of the terminal and the network, and allocate the attachable micro base stations to the terminals to implement cooperation between the micro base stations.
  • the macro base station may further include:
  • the connection management unit is configured to manage and deliver connection management signaling of each micro base station in its coverage.
  • the macro base station may further include:
  • the topology relationship management unit is configured to establish and maintain a topology relationship between the macro base station and a micro base station in its coverage area.
  • the user control channel under the micro cell can be separated from the data channel, and the control channel of the user is established by the macro base station to complete the related work of the control plane. Therefore, the micro base station is only used to establish a data plane link of the user. Complete the data transfer. Therefore, the resources of the micro base station can be better used for data communication. Therefore, in the networking mode in which the macro cell and the micro cell coexist, the negative impact on the system can be reduced.

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Description

蜂窝通信系统、 终端在小区间切换的方法及宏基站 技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域, 特别是涉及蜂窝通信系统、 终端在小区间切 换的方法及宏基站。 背景技术
在第二代通信系统中, 用户的需要主要是语音通话和短消息, 频谱效率的 要求不高,系统主要受制于覆盖区域的大小,因此普遍采用宏蜂窝的组网方式, 基站间距普遍较大, 这种组网方式的成本较低。
但随着第三、 四代通信系统的发展, 数据传输成为新的需求, 尤其是实时 视频的传输,对频谱效率和网络吞吐量的要求大幅度增加,但由于宏蜂窝的覆 盖范围大,容纳的用户多,使得宏蜂窝的吞吐量会受到限制,尤其在小区边缘, 由于 SNR ( S igna l-to-Noi se Rat io, 信号噪声比)较低, 只能满足基本的业 务需求, 而不能满足数据速率需求。 可见, 现有的宏基站组网方式不能满足数 据传输的需求。
针对宏蜂窝的是上述缺点, 可以降低小区半径, 采用微蜂窝的组网方式, 这样, 可以提高系统的吞吐量, 有效改善小区边缘用户的 SNR。 但是, 由于微 蜂窝基站的覆盖面积小, 因此, 如果终端处于运动状态, 则可能会需要频繁地 在不同的基站之间进行切换, 导致业务不连续。
基于上述特点, 目前的蜂窝通信系统中,通常仅将微蜂窝作为宏蜂窝的补 充, 例如, 可以利用微蜂窝来延伸宏蜂窝的覆盖, 或者解决某些盲点覆盖的问 题, 以此来改善小区边缘用户的 SNR。
然而, 现有技术中, 由于宏蜂窝与微蜂窝是独立的网络, 宏基站与微基站 各自独立地通过网络侧功能实体与网络侧进行交互,这就可能会给系统带来一 些负的影响。 例如, 由于微蜂窝覆盖面积小, 在终端移动的情况下, 同样可能 需要与宏蜂窝或其他微蜂窝进行频繁切换,造成业务不连续; 而如果要保证业 务的连续性, 则需要增强性方案, 当又将导致网络部署复杂, 等等。 发明内容
本发明提供了蜂窝通信系统、 终端在小区间切换的方法及宏基站, 能够 在宏蜂窝与微蜂窝共存的组网方式下, 减少给系统带来的负面影响。
本发明提供了如下方案:
一种蜂窝通信系统, 包括宏基站及其覆盖范围内的至少一个微基站, 其 中,
所述宏基站, 用于为所述微基站的终端建立控制通道; 对所述覆盖范围 内的微基站的所述终端进行接入管理操作; 及接收所述终端的切换请求,将所 述终端切换到所述覆盖范围内的其他微基站;
所述微基站, 用于为接入的所述终端建立数据通道, 进行与所述终端的 数据传输。
一种终端接入管理方法, 包括:
宏基站周期性发送该宏基站自身及其覆盖范围内的各微基站的系统广播 消息, 以使得终端获得相关系统参数接入网络, 所述微基站在当终端需要接入 所述宏基站覆盖范围内的微基站时为所述终端建立数据通道;
所述宏基站对所述终端进行入网网络服务质量 Qos授权;
所述宏基站根据 QoS为所述终端建立控制通道, 建立并维护用户信息。 一种终端在小区间切换方法, 包括:
终端接收宏基站广播的当前小区的邻区信息, 所述当前小区为该宏基站 覆盖范围内的微小区,所述当前小区的邻区包括其他宏小区或该宏基站覆盖范 围内的其他微小区;
根据所述邻区信息选择切换目标小区, 将确定出的目标小区信息通知给 宏基站, 以便所述宏基站向目标小区的基站发起切换请求;
终端接收宏基站发送的切换指令进行小区切换。
一种宏基站, 包括:
控制通道建立单元, 用于为其覆盖范围内的微基站的终端建立控制通道; 接入管理单元, 用于对所述覆盖范围内的微基站的终端进行接入管理操 作;
切换单元, 用于接收终端的切换请求, 将所述终端切换到所述覆盖范围 内的其他微基站。 根据本发明提供的具体实施例, 本发明公开了以下技术效果: 本发明实施例能够将微基站下的用户控制通道与数据通道相分离, 通过 宏基站建立终端的控制通道, 完成控制面的相关工作, 因此, 微基站仅用于建 立终端的数据面链路, 完成数据传输。 因此, 微基站的资源可以更好地用于数 据通信。从而可以使得在宏蜂窝与微蜂窝共存的组网方式下, 减少给系统带来 的负面影响。 附图说明
图 1是现有技术中微基站下的用户控制面与数据面链路示意图; 图 2是本发明实施例中微基站下的用户控制面与数据面链路示意图; 图 3是本发明实施例提供的终端接入管理方法流程图;
图 4是本发明实施例提供的终端在小区间切换方法流程图;
图 5是本发明实施例提供的蜂窝通信系统的示意图;
图 6是本发明实施例提供的宏基站的示意图。 具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清 楚、 完整地描述, 显然, 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例, 而不是 全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例, 本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其 他实施例, 都属于本发明保护的范围。
首先需要说明的是, 在现有技术中, 之所以会给系统带来负面影响, 是因 为宏蜂窝与微蜂窝是独立的网络,微基站与宏基站需要完成的功能基本是相同 的, 因此, 微基站与宏基站就功能而言, 地位相当于是平等的。 但是, 在这种 平等的关系下, 却可能会给系统带来负面影响。 例如, 当有终端接入某微基站 时, 则该微基站负责该终端的数据面及控制面, 也就是说, 该微基站的时频资 源不仅需要用于数据通信,还需要用于对终端的控制面进行控制, 包括用户的 接入及移动性管理等等。
参见图 1 , 其为现有技术中, 微基站下的用户的数据面与控制面示意图, 在该图中示出了现有技术中三种不同类型的敫基站: Re l ay、 WLAN ( Wi re l es s Loca l Area Networks , 无线局域网终) 、 Femto ce l l ( HomeNodeB ) 。 其中, 微基站到 MME ( Mob i l i ty Management Ent i ty, 移动性管理实体)之间的连线 是控制面的链路, 微基站到服务网关 Serv ing GW ( Ga teway, 网关)再到 PDN ( Pub l i c Da ta Network , 公用数据网) GW 的连线是数据面的链路, 从图中 可以看出, 微基站既需要建立控制面, 又需要建立数据面。
然而, 正是因为这种独立性, 给现有的蜂窝通信系统造成影响, 例如, 为 了完成切换控制的过程, 每个微基站可能都需要周期性地广播各自的邻区信 息, 这样, 使得终端在需要进行切换时, 需要扫描多个广播消息, 并最终确定 切换的目标小区, 因此, 这就可能会造成正常业务的中断, 同时对 基站的资 源是种浪费, 。
基于上述分析,在本发明实施例中,提出了一种新的网络架构和处理方式, 主要是通过将终端的数据面和控制面分离,控制面由宏蜂窝网络控制,微蜂窝 只需负责数据面的数据通信。 这样, 形成了三层网络结构: 核心网络侧一宏蜂 窝一微蜂窝, 即使是接入微蜂窝的终端, 也统一由宏蜂窝进行管理控制, 包括 用户管理、移动性管理等等; 微蜂窝只需要将接收到的网络侧的数据传输给终 端, 或者将终端的数据回传到网络侧。
需要说明的是,在本发明实施例中,一个宏基站可以对应其覆盖范围内的 至少一个 基站, 其中, 基站的存在形式可以有以下情况:
( 1 )微基站可以是指现有技术中采用 WLAN、 femto ce l l ( HomeNodeB ) 等方式工作的微基站, 这种微基站并不是为了延伸宏基站的覆盖而设置的, 也 就是说, 在宏基站的信号覆盖范围内也可能部署有这类微基站, 作为 3GPP接 入网的补充, 或者解决家庭接入的问题。 换言之, 在本发明实施例中, 宏基站 覆盖范围内的微基站, 可以包括该宏基站信号覆盖范围内的采用 WLAN、 f emto ce l l ( HomeNodeB )等方式工作的微基站。
换言之,在这种情况下, 可以使用现有技术的蜂窝通信系统中的宏蜂窝和 微蜂窝, 不需要重新划分小区, 只改变宏基站与微基站的工作模式, 及两者之 间的关系。 其中, 宏基站需要完成以下任务: 对于接入该宏基站的终端, 该宏 基站需要负责实现这些终端的数据通信, 并还要负责管理这些终端; 同时, 该 宏基站还需要对接入微基站的终端进行统一管理及移动性控制。微基站的任务 是: 当有终端接入该微基站时, 维护该终端的数据面。
可见,在该第一种情况下,对于接入微基站的终端可以实现控制面与数据 面的分离。
( 2 )在本发明实施例中, 还可以重新划分小区, 例如, 可以将原有的宏 基站信号覆盖的区域(即宏小区)划分为多个微小区, 在每个微小区部署一个 微基站, 同时, 原来的宏基站仍然保留。 需要说明的是, 这种微基站与传统意 义上的 WLAN、 femto ce l l可以是不同的, 例如, 在 LTE网络中, 这种微基站 也可以是 LTE基站, 即其工作方式与原来的宏基站可以是相同的, 不同之处在 于, 该微基站的信号覆盖范围小于宏基站。
当然, 另外一种部署方式还可以是在先部署微蜂窝、 保证覆盖的基础上, 增加宏基站来提高移动性。 或者也可以说, 在这种情况下, 相当于采用了微蜂 窝的组网方式, 基站数据增加, 小区半径减小; 然而与单纯地微蜂窝组网方式 不同的是, 多个微蜂窝可以组成一个或多个逻辑上的微蜂窝簇, 并且需要为该 逻辑上的微蜂窝簇部署一个宏基站。
可见,在本发明实施例中的宏基站和新增加的微基站与传统意义上的宏基 站和微基站在功能上有所不同,在本发明实施例中, 由宏基站对其信号覆盖范 围内的终端进行接入或移动性管理等控制, 由微基站负责完成相应的数据通 信。 因此, 实现了终端的控制面与数据面的分离。
需要说明的是, 在上述第二种情况下, 针对一些特定的业务类型, 也可能 由宏基站负责完成相应的数据通信。
由上述两种情况可以看出, 无论微基站的存在形式如何,微基站都主要负 责用户数据面的工作, 由宏基站来完成用户控制面的工作, 当然, 在一些特殊 情况下, 宏基站也可以完成部分用户数据面的工作。
总之, 本发明实施例提供了一种蜂窝通信系统, 该系统中包括宏蜂窝及其 覆盖范围内的至少一个微蜂窝, 其中, 用户的控制过程均由宏基站完成, 微基 站只需要接收宏基站发送的控制信令并执行相应的操作,即可完成对用户控制 面的控制; 当然, 微基站的主要作用是, 当有终端接入微蜂窝时, 为用户建立 数据通道, 完成数据传输。
其中, 宏基站与微基站之间的拓朴关系 (即一个宏基站对应哪几个微基 站), 可以是由宏基站自己建立并维护的, 即宏基站可以自己检测其覆盖范围 内具有哪些微基站, 与这些微基站之间拓朴关系, 并维护该拓朴关系; 也就是 说,宏基站除了需要建立用户控制面,还需要建立并维护基站之间的拓朴关系。 当然,在实际应用中, 这种拓朴关系也可以由一个网络侧的控制实体来建立并 维护, 此时, 宏基站就可以专注于建立用户控制面通道, 能够更有效地利用宏 基站的资源。
参见图 2 , 其为本发明实施例提供的系统结构下, 控制通道与数据通道的 建立情况示意图, 其中, BS为宏基站, 微蜂窝 Micro Cel lular及三个 LTE微 基站。 图 2中示出了 Mi cro Cel lular下的终端的控制通道及数据通道, 其中, 虚线为控制通道, 实线为数据通道。
综上可见,在本发明实施例提供的蜂窝通信网络结构中,相当于是将整个 蜂窝系统划分为多个子系统, 子系统的数目与宏蜂窝的数目相同,每个子系统 由一个宏蜂窝及其覆盖范围内的至少一个微蜂窝组成。这样,对于宏蜂窝覆盖 范围内的微蜂窝, 宏基站都负责完成其控制面的工作。 例如, 图 2中作为宏蜂 窝的 BS与作为 蜂窝的三个 LTE及 Mi cro Cel lular组成一个子系统, 其中, 对于接入到微蜂窝 Micro Cel lular的终端而言,通过宏基站 BS建立控制通道, 通过其接入的 基站 Mi cro Cel lular 建立数据通道。 这样, 微基站 Micro Cel lular 只需要负责在通信过程中的数据传输, 涉及到终端的接入管理及移 动性管理等工作均由宏基站 BS来完成。 可见, 通过宏基站对其覆盖范围内的 微基站下的终端控制面进行控制, 可以使得微基站的资源更好地用于数据通 信; 而用户的数据面可以基于业务特点、用户的付费策略等采用不同的实现方 式, 解决大量 蜂窝网络带来的对运营商回传的压力。
需要说明的是,本发明实施例所述的宏基站覆盖范围内的微基站都是在宏 蜂窝的信号覆盖范围内的, 即无论微基站是系统中原有的,还是对宏小区重新 划分后新部署的, 其所在位置都在宏基站的信号覆盖范围内。 当然, 在实际应 用中, 可能存在盲区, 即各个宏基站的信号都无法覆盖到的位置, 对于这些位 置, 可能通过采用部署微基站的方式来解决盲点覆盖问题; 但本发明实施例所 指的微基站不包括这种微基站, 当系统中存在这种微基站时, 可以按照现有技 术的方法,将其看作是与宏蜂窝独立的网络进行处理, 即由这种微蜂窝独立完 成用户的控制面及数据面的工作。
其中宏基站与微基站之间可以通过一定的方式进行连接,分为无线连接和 有线连接这两种方式, 无线连接又包括使用带内传输方式(即宏基站与微基站 之间的通信与基站与终端中间通信所使用的频带相同)和带外微波传输方式 (与上述方式相反) 。 对于 Re lay , 使用带内或是带外传输的方式可以解决 backhaul问题。
前文所述对本发明实施例提供的蜂窝通信系统结构进行了详细地介绍,下 面对如何利用该蜂窝通信系统实现具体的控制面及数据面的相关工作。
具体对用户控制面进行控制时, 可以包括终端接入管理及移动性管理, 另 夕卜, 还可以通过宏蜂窝实现其覆盖范围内的微蜂窝网络之间的协作管理, 以此 来解决微蜂窝网络本身存在的频繁切换、 干扰协调、 协作传输等问题。 下面分 别进行详细地介绍。
终端的接入管理。宏基站可以对所述覆盖范围内的微基站下的终端进行统 一管理, 完成用户的鉴权及 QoS授权操作, 其中, 终端的鉴权包括安全信息的 建立及密钥的分发。
其中, 通常是在终端接入网络时需要进行终端接入管理, 参见图 3 , 本发 明实施例提供了一种终端接入管理方法, 包括以下步骤:
S 301 :宏基站周期性发送该宏基站自身及其覆盖范围内的各微基站的系统 广播消息, 以使得终端获得相关系统参数接入网络; 所述微基站在当终端需要 接入所述宏基站覆盖范围内的微基站时为所述终端建立数据通道;
其中,各微基站的系统广播消息中可以包括各微基站支持的物理层调制解 调方式、信道编码方式、 中心频率点等等, 终端可以从这些消息中获得相关系 统参数, 以便接入网络。 其中, 宏基站覆盖范围内的所有微基站的系统广播消 息都是由该宏基站发送的。
S 302 : 当终端需要接入所述宏基站覆盖范围内的微基站时, 所述宏基站对 所述终端进行入网网络服务质量 Qos授权;
具体的, 终端可以通过宏基站, 经匪 E完成入网鉴权过程, MME和宏基站 建立并维护终端相关安全上下文和移动性上下文;此处的相关安全上下文包括 密钥等。 同时, 终端还通过宏基站, 经 Serv ing GW和 PDN GW完成入网 QoS 授权过程, Serv ing GW、 PDN GW建立并维护终端 QoS Prof i l e , 根据相关的 授权过程中收到的来自 PCRF的策略, 建立深度包检测策略。 S 303: 所述宏基 站根据 QoS为所述终端建立控制通道, 建立并维护用户信息。
如果终端需要传输时延敏感数据,还可以为该终端建立数据通道(该数据 通道仅用于传输时延敏感数据), 同时, 建立并维护用户信息。 此外, 宏基站 还可以建立并维护深度包检测策略;
其中, 建立控制通道就是需要在空口上给终端分配最基本的连接, 用于传 输控制指令; 建立数据通道就是要在空口上建立用于传输数据的连接。 例如, 对于 LTE而言, 建立控制通道就是需要为终端分配随机接入的信道信息、寻呼 信道等; 建立数据通道就是指需要为终端分配 PDCH、 PUDH等信道。
显然的,在本发明实施例中, 无论终端最终通过宏基站还是微基站来建立 数据通道, 控制通道都是由宏基站建立的, 即, 无论终端的数据最终是经由宏 基站还是微基站传输到网络侧, 其相关的控制过程都是由宏基站完成的。 而对 于数据通道而言, 则可以是由微基站建立的, 也可以是由宏基站建立的; 当由 微基站建立数据通道时, 则终端的数据经由该微基站传输到网络侧, 相应的, 当由宏基站建立数据通道时, 则终端的数据经由宏基站传输到网络侧。
需要说明的是,数据通道是为了传输数据而建立的,并且建立数据通道时, 可能需要根据具体的数据来建立, 例如, 对于 WEB业务和 FTP下载业务, 可能 需要分配不同的信道来完成; 因此, 在实际应用中, 可以是在有数据需要传输 时, 根据具体的业务类型来实时建立。 当然, 由于终端需要的业务类型等信息 可能会在网络侧有注册, 因此, 也可以在终端接入网络之后, 就直接根据用户 的注册信息, 为该终端建立数据通道。 例如, 某用户定制了彩信业务, 则在该 用户接入网络之后,就可以直接为该终端建立用与传输彩信的数据通道;或者, 也可以针对终端的特点, 提前为一些常用的业务建立数据通道。
其中,数据通道的建立策略可以是根据具体的业务类型或者用户的付费策 略等来制定的, 并且, 对于同一个终端而言, 如果需要进行多种不同类型的业 务(非同一时刻), 则也可能既由微基站建立数据通道, 又由宏基站建立数据 通道; 具体在进行某项业务时, 再根据具体的业务类型, 使用预先建立好的相 应的数据面即可。 例如, 对于对时延比较敏感的数据, 则可以通过宏基站完成 数据的传输; 对于某些数据量比较大, 同时对时延又不是非常敏感的数据, 则 可以通过微基站完成数据的传输。 关于数据面后文中会有更加具体的描述。 最后, 终端可以接入到一个或多个微基站, 该过程中, 网络侧生成相应的 微基站安全上下文, 发送到微基站; 具体的, 可以通过宏基站将微基站安全上 下文发送到微基站, 或也可以由移动性管理实体(如匪 E等 )直接发送到微基 站。
关于终端具体附着到哪个或哪些微基站, 可以是由终端自行决定,也可以 是由宏基站为终端选择的。在终端自行决定的情况下,宏基站可以向终端广播 各个微基站的相关系统参数, 终端通过宏基站的广播消息,便可以获得各个微 蜂窝的相关系统参数, 然后可以根据时频同步信息等, 来选择附着到某微基站 上, 将终端的接收频率修改为该微基站的发射频率。
而在由宏基站统一控制的情况下,可以由宏基站根据终端当前的位置等信 息或是终端与微基站之间的信道状况, 为该终端选择可以附着的微基站, 并将 相应的微基站相关系统参数发送给该终端, 终端直接接入该微基站即可。在这 种情况下, 终端无须感知微基站的存在, 直接按照宏基站发送的相关系统参数 (如频率资源块等)接入到相应的基站即可完成相应的业务。
虽然在步骤 3中可能已经由宏基站为该终端建立了数据通道,但是该数据 通道一般是为时延敏感的数据建立的, 因此, 对于其他类型的数据, 还需要通 过微基站来建立数据通道。
至此,相当于已经通过宏基站完成了对终端的鉴权及授权, 并且由宏基站 建立了控制通道以及用于传输时延敏感数据的数据通道,由微基站建立了用于 传输其他类型数据的数据通道, 这样,相当于已经为该终端的数据传输或者移 动性管理等做好了准备。
然后, 对于控制面信令, 终端就会发送到宏基站; 对于时延敏感数据, 会 通过宏基站,经 Serving GW和 PDN-GW发送到 Internet ;对于其他的数据(如, 高数据率的数据等),会通过微基站,经 Serving GW和 PDN-GW发送到 Internet ; 对于低增值业务数据, 通过微基站直接进行 loca l breakout (本地直接连到 互联网), 路由到 Internet ; 对于数据的分类, 通过深度包检测, 获得相关的 包信息, 分类到相应的承载数据面。
需要说明的是,之所以通过宏基站来传输时延敏感数据,是因为直接通过 宏基站建立数据通道时, 不需要进行数据通道的转移。 综上可见, 通过利用宏基站对用户进行统一管理, 可以加快处理速度, 节 省了微基站的开销,使得微基站的资源可以更好地用于数据通信,提高微基站 的吞吐量; 并且宏基站对用户的统一管理, 可以便于更好地实现负载均衡, 提 高整个覆盖范围内频谱资源的利用率。
终端的移动性管理。 移动性管理可以包括定位、 切换、 寻呼及位置更新等 多个方面。 下面分别进行详细的介绍。
定位是指确定用户的位置,在无线通信中, 可以通过测量基站所发信号到 用户终端的时间, 或是不同基站的信号到达用户终端的时间差,得到用户终端 与基站的距离或是距离差,再根据基站的所在位置可以算出用户终端的所在位 置。
通过宏基站和微基站的配合, 更加快速精确对终端进行定位; 通过宏蜂窝 和微蜂窝, 可以实现不同等级的分阶段定位, 即宏蜂窝级别的定位和微蜂窝级 别的定位, 由于宏蜂窝覆盖范围大, 因此相对精度比较差, 但是相对速度快; 微蜂窝覆盖范围小,因此能够实现经度更高的定位;满足用户定位的不同精度、 速度需求; 例如可以通过宏蜂窝进行第一阶段的快速粗略的定位,通过微蜂窝 进行第二阶段的精确定位。其中,宏基站和微基站一起进行定位主要可以由网 络侧的定位功能实体来指示, 例如发送相应的消息到宏基站和微基站,指示其 在特定的时刻发送定位信号和定位消息 (通知终端)来进行定位, 等等。
切换是蜂窝系统中一个非常重要的部分,如果终端正在进行通话等业务的 过程中, 位置发生变化, 由一个小区跨越到另一个小区, 则需要进行切换。 在 现有技术中, 无论是宏基站还是微基站, 都需要广播各自的邻区信息, 切换过 程需要由源微基站来完成, 因此, 在切换的过程中, 可能会造成业务的中断。 而在本发明实施例中,相关的微基站邻区信息可以由宏基站统一在固定间隙广 播, 这样, 终端只要接收到宏基站广播的消息, 就能够获知自己附着的微基站 的邻区信息, 然后就可以向宏基站发起切换请求, 完成切换。
假设切换前终端的数据面通过源 micro cell经 serving GW到 Internet,则在终 端的移动过程中, 参见图 4, 终端在小区间切换的过程可以包括以下步骤:
S401 : 终端接收宏基站广播的当前小区的邻区信息, 所述当前小区为该 宏基站覆盖范围内的微小区,所述当前小区的邻区包括其他宏小区或该宏基站 覆盖范围内的其他微小区;
宏基站将其覆盖范围内的各个微基站的邻区信息都向终端广播,终端在需 要进行切换时, 就可以扫描宏基站的广播消息,从中获取当前所在源微基站的 邻区信息。其中, 一个微基站的邻区可能是同一宏基站覆盖范围内的其他微小 区, 也可能是其他的宏小区。
S402 : 根据所述邻区信息选择切换目标小区, 将确定出的目标小区信息 通知给宏基站, 以便所述宏基站向目的小区的基站发起切换请求;
终端可以根据自身通信状态(信噪比等)进行切换决策, 决定切换时, 发 送切换触发到其附着的宏基站;或者宏基站也可以根据当前终端所处微基站的 情况(位置、 信噪比、 运动预测和负荷)等, 进行切换决策, 为该终端选择目 的基站;
进一步,如果选择出的目的基站是微基站, 则宏基站发送切换请求到其选 择的目的微基站, 目的微基站回复相应的切换请求应答, 然后, 宏基站传递该 终端的相关上下文到目的微基站; 然后, 宏基站发送切换指示到源微基站, 源 微基站回复相应的切换指示应答。
其中,相关上下文是在终端入网时,对终端进行鉴权及授权过程中产生的, 在切换之后, 终端的相关上下文不用重新生成, 因此, 直接将其传递给目的微 基站即可。 其中, 相关上下文包括对终端鉴权时获得的安全密钥, 以及对终端 进行授权时获得的 QOS策略、 深度包策略等信息;
由于切换决策要么由终端完成, 并通知给宏基站, 要么由宏基站完成, 但源微基站并不知道有终端需要切出, 因此, 需要由宏基站将该信息通知给源 微基站;
S403: 终端接收宏基站发送的切换指令进行小区切换。
终端接收宏基站发送切换指令开始切换过程; 具体的, 终端在目标微基 站发起网络重附着操作, 完成切换操作; 目标小区的微基站直接或经宏蜂窝基 站发送切换完成信令到匪 E, 指示切换完成; 匪 E通知 Serving GW, 发起数 据通道的更新, 更新后, 用户通过目的微蜂窝基站连接到 Serving GW。
在上述切换过程中, 由于邻区消息由宏基站统一广播, 因此, 便于用户终 端的接收,减少了终端的扫描需求。同时,由于宏基站与终端始终是有连接的, 因此, 在两个微基站之间切换完成之前, 如果有数据到达, 则可以临时由宏基 站进行发送, 所以避免了对终端正常通信的打断; 此外, 目的 基站的资源和 终端接入时隙可以由宏基站预先调度并通知终端, 减少了微基站的处理需求; 用户终端在微蜂窝之间的移动和切换由宏蜂窝统一控制, 从而加速了切换流 程, 保证了数据传输的完整性。
当某终端为业务接收端时,如果该终端正处于空闲模式, 则需要首先寻呼 该终端, 将该终端唤醒。 由于当终端处于空闲模式时, 网络侧无法获知该终端 当前的位置, 因此, 在现有技术中, 如果需要对某终端发起寻呼, 则需要向网 络中所有的宏基站和微基站发送寻呼请求,显然寻呼效率会比较低。 而本发明 实施例中, 宏基站具有其覆盖范围内的所有微基站的相关信息, 因此, 具体的 寻呼过程可以如下进行:
步骤 1 : MME发起寻呼过程, 在 Macro Cel l的层次上发起寻呼消息, 分别 发送到多个宏基站;
其中, 由于每个终端都具有 ID用于唯一标识该终端, 因此, 当终端进入 空闲状态时, 网络侧可以 ^据 ID生成一个 Hash值, 代表该终端, 因此, 在寻 呼消息中就可以携带该 Ha s h值; 当终端接收到 Hash值之后, 与自己的 Ha s h 值进行比对, 就可以判别出是否在寻呼自己, 如果是, 则退出空闲模式, 准备 进行一些相应的操作。
步骤 2: 宏基站收到匪 E的寻呼消息后, 在各自的空口上向各个终端发送 相应的寻呼消息;
步骤 3: 终端收到该寻呼消息后, 如果判断出是在寻呼自己, 则可以发送 RAHC preamble消息到宏基站;
步骤 4: 宏基站收到该消息后向匪 E返回 RACH响应;匪 E收到该响应消息 后可以终止其他宏基站上寻呼消息的发送;
由于匪 E可能是在周期性地发送寻呼请求,在收到宏基站的响应之前,会 一直周期性地发送下去。 而当某宏基站收到终端的 RAHC preamb le之后, 就证 明已经找到了需要的终端, 此时, 该宏基站就可以通知 MME, 相应的, 匪 E在 接收到该响应之后, 就可以停止发送该寻呼消息;
步骤 5 : 终端发送连接请求到宏基站, 退出空闲模式; 步骤 6 : 宏基站收到该消息后, 发送初始终端消息到 MME , 同时返回连接 建立到终端;
步骤 7 : 匪 E发送初始上下文建立请求到宏基站;
由于终端在进入空闲模式之后,会将之前宏基站的信息删掉, 同时保存到 E; 但是, 当终端被唤醒后, 可能已经移动到其他宏基站的覆盖范围, 所以 需要回复上下文, 将初始上下文保存到 MME;
步骤 8 : 宏基站根据终端的位置、 终端 QoS需求等, 确定为终端提供数据 传输业务的微基站, 发送无线承载建立到该微基站;
步骤 9 : 微基站发送无线承载建立到终端, 发起空口无线承载建立过程, 终端返回无线承载建立完成到微基站;
步骤 1 0 : 微基站回复无线承载建立完成到宏基站, 宏基站回复初始上下 文建立完成到 MME。
此外, 在通常情况下, 如果终端没有发生业务, 则应该尽量保持在空闲模 式, 以节约终端的电能。 但是, 如果终端处于移动状态, 则为了保证终端能够 随时进行数据通信, 可能需要对终端的位置信息进行更新。 在现有技术中, 如 果用户从一个微蜂窝小区到另一个微蜂窝小区,就需要对终端的位置信息进行 更新, 由于微蜂窝的覆盖范围很小, 因此, 可能会需要进行频繁的更新, 使得 终端无法真正处于空闲模式。
而在本发明实施例中, 由于由宏蜂窝对微蜂窝的控制面进行统一控制, 因 此, 当用户在跨越同一宏基站覆盖范围内的不同微基站时, 就不需更新终端的 位置信息, 因此,降低了位置更新的频度,可以实现终端在不进行数据通信时, 只要没有离开宏小区的覆盖范围, 就可以真正地处于空闲状态, 节约电能。
前文所述对用户接入管理、 移动性管理相关的控制面进行了详细地描述。 下面介绍除以上所述之外,通过本发明实施例提供的蜂窝通信系统, 可以带来 的其他的好处。
首先是微基站之间的协作。 由于多个微基站之间的协作, 可以为终端提供 更好地数据传输服务, 因此, 通常一个终端可以附着在多个微基站上, 由这些 微基站共同为该终端提供相应的通信支持。 但是, 这些微基站如何参与协作, 以及采用何种协作模式则是需要解决的问题,而采用本发明实施例提供的蜂窝 通信系统, 则可以 4艮好地实现微基站之间的协作。
这是因为,协作使用的频谱和时隙资源统一由相关的宏基站根据终端和网 络的当前状态进行选择和控制,这样可以更好地实现参与协作的微基站之间的 同步,减少微基站之间的通信信令和流程,减轻对微基站回程网络的传输压力, 加快协作建立的速度; 并且, 由宏基站统一进行控制, 可以更好地针对终端的 状态和网络的负载选择更加合适的微蜂窝进行协作通信。
此外,微基站的连接管理信令也可以从宏基站管理并下发,在 0FDMA系统 下, 可以通过宏基站分配部分子载波来实现。 其中, 连接管理信令的作用是指 示为终端分配的 0FDMA资源,用于向终端发送数据,或者提供给终端发送数据, 在现有技术中, 该信令是由终端所附着的微基站发送的。
而在本发明实施例中,微基站的连接管理信令由宏蜂窝针对终端的移动性 等参数, 统一下发, 通过在分配特定的 0FDMA子载波, 建立特定的子载波与微 蜂窝、 终端之间的映射关系 (例如划分专属区域等), 可进一步减少相应的开 销。
关于用户的数据面主要通过微基站实现,具体通过微基站实现用户的数据 面时, 可以通过微基站的 AP (可以是 WLAN的 AP, 也可以是 Femto的 AP, 还 可以是 Rea ly场景下的 Rea ly站 AP )接入宏基站的用户面 (数据由终端到微 基站, 再由微基站到宏基站, 经 serving GW, PDN GW, 最后到 Internet ) , 进一步经过宏基站的核心网数据面, 如图 2中的 dl接口; 当然, 也可以通过 微蜂窝的 AP (可以是 WLAN的 AP , 也可以是 Femto的 AP, 也可以是 Rea ly场 景下的 Rea ly站 AP )直接接入 internet , 如图 2中的 d2接口。
如前文所述, 用户的数据面在必要时也可以由宏基站来实现,在本发明实 施例中, 由于用户的上行数据首先都会由微基站接收, 因此, 具体的数据面策 略可以由微基站进行选择。具体实现时, 当微基站接收到用户发送的上行数据 包之后,可以对该数据包进行深度包检测,从而判断出数据包所属的服务种类、 QoS需求或者是否具有时延敏感性, 等等, 然后, 就可以根据这些判断结果选 择相应的数据传输策略。 例如, 根据业务策略进行选择时, 可以根据业务对运 营商是否增值以及业务本身性质来控制业务走向,经过微蜂窝 AP(可以是 WLAN 的 AP, 也可以是 Femto的 AP , 也可以是 Rea ly场景下的 Rea ly站 AP )的业务 基于业务策略进行分类,部分业务经过宏基站的用户面并经过宏基站的核心网 数据面, 部分业务直接通过微基站接入 internet ; 即部分业务走图 2中的 dl 接口, 部分业务走图 2中的 d2接口。
当然, 对于下行数据包, 则可以由数据网关(如 Serv ing Ga teway等)来 对数据包进行深度包检测, 同样可以判断出数据包所属的服务种类、 QoS需求 或者是否具有时延敏感性, 等等, 然后, 就可以根据这些判断结果选择通过宏 基站或微基站将数据传输给用户。
总之, 在本发明实施例中, 对于用户的数据面, 可以通过宏基站和微基站 两个层次更好地提供 QoS保证, 例如,对时延敏感和高数据率业务采用不同的 策略进行来传输。
综上所述, 参见图 5 , 本发明实施例提供的蜂窝通信系统中, 包括宏基站 501及其覆盖范围内的至少一个微基站 502 (图中以两个微基站为例), 其中, 宏基站 501用于为所述微基站的终端建立控制通道;对所述覆盖范围内的 微基站的所述终端进行接入管理操作; 及接收所述终端的切换请求,将所述终 端切换到所述覆盖范围内的其他微基站;
微基站 502用于为接入的所述终端建立数据通道,进行与所述终端的数据 传输。
图 5中的虚线表示用户的控制通道通过宏基站建立。通过本发明实施例提 供的蜂窝通信系统,微基站 502的主要任务是建立并维护用户的数据面, 不需 要为控制面浪费太多的资源。
其中, 在切换过程中, 如果需要进行数据传输, 则可以由宏基站临时完成 这些数据的传输, 此时, 宏基站 501还可以包括:
数据转发单元,用于所述终端在所述宏基站覆盖范围内的微基站之间切换 之前, 接收需要转发的用户数据, 并将所述用户数据发送到接收端。
当需要向微蜂窝下的终端发起寻呼时,也可以不用将寻呼消息发送到微基 站, 而是发送到该微基站所在的宏基站, 此时, 宏基站 501还可以包括:
寻呼单元, 用于接收移动性管理实体(如匪 E等)的寻呼消息, 向所述覆 盖范围内的基站的所述终端发起寻呼, 以唤醒所述终端。 当然, 终端接收到寻 呼消息之后, 可以向宏基站返回响应消息,宏基站还可以继续向 E返回响应 消息, 以便通知匪 E停止寻呼消息的发送。
当然, 宏基站也可以不仅仅用于负责用户控制面的工作, 例如, 如果需要 传输时延敏感的数据, 则为了满足时延的要求, 可以通过宏基站完成数据的传 输, 此时, 宏基站 501还可以包括:
数据通道建立单元, 用于为所述终端建立数据通道, 完成所述时延敏感数 据的传输。
此外, 宏基站 5 01还可以包括, 协作管理单元, 用于根据终端及网络的当 前状态,对协作使用的频谱及时隙资源统一进行选择和控制, 为所述终端分配 可以附着的所述覆盖范围内的微基站, 以实现微基站之间的协作。这样可以更 好地实现参与协作的微基站之间的同步, 减少微基站之间的通信信令和流程, 减轻对微基站回程网络的传输压力, 加快协作建立的速度; 并且, 由宏基站统 一进行控制,可以更好地针对终端的状态和网络的负载选择更加合适的微蜂窝 进行协作通信。
或者, 宏基站 5 01还可以包括: 连接管理单元, 用于管理并发送其覆盖范 围内的各个微基站的连接管理信令。这样, 可以减少为微基站管理及下发连接 管理信令时带来的系统开销。
其中,在本发明实施例中,宏基站与其覆盖范围内的微基站之间会具有一 定的拓朴关系, 该拓朴关系可以由宏基站建立并维护,也可以由一个网络侧的 实体来建立并维护。
即, 在第一种情况下, 宏基站 501还可以包括: 拓朴关系管理单元, 用于 建立并维护所述宏基站与其覆盖范围内的微基站之间的拓朴关系。在第二种情 况下, 所述系统还包括: 网络管理控制实体, 用于建立并维护所述宏基站与其 覆盖范围内的微基站之间的拓朴关系。
对于用户的数据面, 可以通过宏基站和微基站两个层次更好地提供 QoS 保证。 具体的, 对于上行数据包, 微基站 502还可以用于, 对接收到的上行数 据包进行深度包检测, 根据所述深度包检测结果, 选择相应的数据传输方式。 对于下行数据包, 该系统还可以包括: 数据网关深度包检测单元, 用于对下行 数据包进行深度包检测; 选择单元, 用于根据所述深度包检测结果, 选择相应 的数据传输方式。 其中, 该深度包检测单元及选择单元可以位于微基站, 或者 也可以在网关中。
在本发明实施例中, 微基站可以具有多种存在形式, 如可以是 Re lay、 H-eNB, Wi f i AP或 p i co等等。
相应的, 本发明实施例还提供了一种宏基站, 参见图 6 , 该宏基站 60 包 括以下单元:
控制通道建立单元 601 ,用于为其覆盖范围内的微基站下的终端建立控制 通道;
接入管理单元 602 ,用于对所述覆盖范围内的各微基站下的终端进行接入 管理操作;
切换单元 603 , 用于接收终端的切换请求, 将所述终端切换到所述覆盖范 围内的其他微基站。
可选的, 该宏基站还可以包括:
数据转发单元, 用于所述终端在所述宏基站覆盖范围内的微基站之间切 换之前, 接收需要转发的用户数据, 并将所述用户数据发送到接收端。
可选的, 该宏基站还可以包括:
寻呼单元, 用于接收移动性管理实体的寻呼消息, 向所述覆盖范围内的 各微基站下的终端发起寻呼, 以唤醒所述终端。
当所述覆盖范围内的微基站下的终端需要传输时延敏感数据时, 所述宏 基站还可以包括:
数据通道建立单元, 用于为所述终端建立数据通道, 完成所述时延敏感 数据的传输。
可选的, 该宏基站还可以包括:
协作管理单元, 用于根据终端及网络的当前状态, 对协作使用的频谱及 时隙资源统一进行选择和控制, 为所述终端分配可以附着的微基站, 以实现微 基站之间的协作。
可选的, 该宏基站还可以包括:
连接管理单元, 用于管理并下发其覆盖范围内的各个微基站的连接管理 信令。
可选的, 该宏基站还可以包括: 拓朴关系管理单元,用于建立并维护所述宏基站与其覆盖范围内的微基站 之间的拓朴关系。
本发明实施例能够将微蜂窝下的用户控制通道与数据通道相分离,通过宏 基站建立用户的控制通道, 完成控制面的相关工作, 因此, 微基站仅用于建立 用户的数据面链路, 完成数据传输。 因此, 微基站的资源可以更好地用于数据 通信。从而可以使得在宏蜂窝与微蜂窝共存的组网方式下, 减少给系统带来的 负面影响。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种蜂窝通信系统, 其特征在于, 包括宏基站及其覆盖范围内的至少 一个微基站, 其中,
所述宏基站, 用于为所述微基站的终端建立控制通道; 对所述覆盖范围内 的微基站的所述终端进行接入管理操作; 及接收所述终端的切换请求,将所述 终端切换到所述覆盖范围内的其他微基站;
所述微基站, 用于为接入的所述终端建立数据通道, 进行与所述终端的数 据传输。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述宏基站还包括: 数据转发单元,用于所述终端在所述宏基站覆盖范围内的微基站之间切换 之前, 接收需要转发的用户数据, 并将所述用户数据发送到接收端。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述宏基站包括: 寻呼单元, 用于接收移动性管理实体的寻呼消息, 向所述覆盖范围内的基 站的所述终端发起寻呼, 以唤醒所述终端。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的系统, 其特征在于, 当所述覆盖范围内的微基 站的所述终端需要传输时延敏感数据时, 所述宏基站还包括:
数据通道建立单元, 用于为所述终端建立数据通道, 完成所述时延敏感数 据的传输。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述宏基站还包括: 协作管理单元, 用于根据所述终端及网络的当前状态,对协作使用的频谱 及时隙资源统一进行选择和控制,为所述终端分配可以附着的所述覆盖范围内 的微基站, 以实现微基站之间的协作。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述宏基站还包括: 连接管理单元, 用于管理并发送所述覆盖范围内的微基站的连接管理信 令。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述系统还包括: 网络管理控制实体,用于建立并维护所述宏基站与其覆盖范围内的微基站 之间的拓朴关系。
8、 一种终端接入管理方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
宏基站周期性发送该宏基站自身及其覆盖范围内的各微基站的系统广播 消息, 以使得终端获得相关系统参数接入网络, 所述微基站在当终端需要接入 所述宏基站覆盖范围内的微基站时为所述终端建立数据通道;
所述宏基站对所述终端进行入网网络服务质量 Qos授权;
所述宏基站根据 QoS为所述终端建立控制通道, 建立并维护用户信息。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的方法, 其特征在于, 还包括:
所述宏基站为所述终端建立数据通道,以便所述终端通过所述宏基站建立 的数据通道传输时延敏感数据。
10、 一种终端在小区间切换方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
终端接收宏基站广播的当前小区的邻区信息,所述当前小区为该宏基站覆 盖范围内的微小区,所述当前小区的邻区包括其他宏小区或该宏基站覆盖范围 内的其他微小区;
根据所述邻区信息选择切换目标小区,将确定出的目标小区信息通知给宏 基站, 以便所述宏基站向目标小区的基站发起切换请求;
终端接收宏基站发送的切换指令进行小区切换。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的方法, 其特征在于, 当所述目标小区为所述 宏基站覆盖范围内的微小区时,所述宏基站向目标小区的基站发起切换请求包 括:
所述宏基站发送切换请求到所述目标小区的微基站,在所述目标小区的微 基站回复相应的切换请求应答后,所述宏基站传递该终端的相关上下文到所述 目标小区的微基站。
12、 根据权利要求 10所述的方法, 其特征在于, 还包括:
所述目标小区的微基站直接或经所述宏基站发送切换完成信令到移动管 理实体, 指示切换完成。
13、 一种宏基站, 其特征在于, 包括:
控制通道建立单元, 用于为其覆盖范围内的微基站的终端建立控制通道; 接入管理单元, 用于对所述覆盖范围内的微基站的终端进行接入管理操 作;
切换单元, 用于接收终端的切换请求, 将所述终端切换到所述覆盖范围内 的其他微基站。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的宏基站, 其特征在于, 还包括:
数据转发单元,用于所述终端在所述宏基站覆盖范围内的微基站之间切换 之前, 接收需要转发的用户数据, 并将所述用户数据发送到接收端。
15、 根据权利要求 13所述的宏基站, 其特征在于, 还包括:
寻呼单元, 用于接收移动性管理实体的寻呼消息, 向所述覆盖范围内的基 站的所述终端发起寻呼, 以唤醒所述终端。
16、 根据权利要求 13所述的宏基站, 其特征在于, 当所述覆盖范围内的 微基站的所述终端需要传输时延敏感数据时, 所述宏基站还包括: 数据通道建立单元, 用于为所述终端建立数据通道, 完成所述时延敏感数 据的传输。
17、 根据权利要求 13所述的宏基站, 其特征在于, 还包括:
协作管理单元, 用于根据所述终端及网络的当前状态,对协作使用的频谱 及时隙资源统一进行选择和控制,为所述终端分配可以附着的所述覆盖范围内 的微基站, 以实现微基站之间的协作。
18、 根据权利要求 13所述的宏基站, 其特征在于, 还包括:
连接管理单元, 用于管理并发送所述覆盖范围内的微基站的连接管理信 令。
19、 根据权利要求 13所述的宏基站, 其特征在于, 还包括:
拓朴关系管理单元,用于建立并维护所述宏基站与其覆盖范围内的微基站 之间的拓朴关系。
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