WO2011123457A1 - Polymer-stabilized thermotropic liquid crystal device - Google Patents
Polymer-stabilized thermotropic liquid crystal device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011123457A1 WO2011123457A1 PCT/US2011/030371 US2011030371W WO2011123457A1 WO 2011123457 A1 WO2011123457 A1 WO 2011123457A1 US 2011030371 W US2011030371 W US 2011030371W WO 2011123457 A1 WO2011123457 A1 WO 2011123457A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- substrate
- mixture
- polymer
- stabilizing polymer
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/542—Macromolecular compounds
- C09K19/544—Macromolecular compounds as dispersing or encapsulating medium around the liquid crystal
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/132—Thermal activation of liquid crystals exhibiting a thermo-optic effect
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
- G02F1/13392—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells spacers dispersed on the cell substrate, e.g. spherical particles, microfibres
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13725—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on guest-host interaction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2310/00—Treatment by energy or chemical effects
- B32B2310/08—Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation
- B32B2310/0806—Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
- B32B2310/0831—Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using UV radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
- B32B2457/202—LCD, i.e. liquid crystal displays
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/542—Macromolecular compounds
- C09K2019/548—Macromolecular compounds stabilizing the alignment; Polymer stabilized alignment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133305—Flexible substrates, e.g. plastics, organic film
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13775—Polymer-stabilized liquid crystal layers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1052—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
Definitions
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a non-polymer-stabilized, thermotropic, liquid crystal-based optical filter.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic top plan view of a phase-separated LC-polymer structure.
- Implementations of the device disclosed herein may be composed of five basic elements: one or more substrates, one or more surface treatments that are transparent or translucent to one or more wavelength ranges of light, a liquid crystal mixture, one or more stabilizing polymers, and spacers. Some embodiments include all five elements, while in other embodiments the functions of two or more elements may be combined into a single element.
- the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal is coated and cured on at least one substrate.
- polymer-stabilized often have polymer percentages below ⁇ 5%. Conversely, liquid crystal devices or formulations described as “polymer-dispersed” often have much higher polymer percentages (e.g., 10% or higher). However, the two terms are often used interchangeably, both with each other and with the other terms cited above, such as polymer network, etc.
- this definition should be interpreted independently of the liquid crystal alignment and morphology, so that it describes formulations suitable not only for twisted nematic states and devices, but also supertwist, vertical alignment, smectic, guest-host, blue phase, pi cell, chiral, discotic, and a vast assortment of other liquid crystal states and devices.
- this definition does not refer to, nor is it affected by, any particular mechanism for inducing phase separation of the polymer from the liquid crystal, or curing or polymerization of the polymer (e.g., by heat, photoinitiation, UV, visible light, controlled temperature changes, changes in solvent concentration, chemical catalysis, etc.)
- the term should be interpreted independently of the precise mechanism of polymerization, such that polymers formed by the joining of monomers via "addition polymerization,” “condensation polymerization,” “step-growth polymerization,” “chain-growth polymerization,” or other mechanisms shall be described equally well as “stabilizing polymers.”
- the substrate may be at least partially transparent or translucent to some wavelengths of light so as to permit the transmission of light at a particular range of wavelengths (e.g., solar radiation, which includes visible light and near infrared radiation).
- the substrate or substrates may consist of or may incorporate polarizing structures or materials to enable an optical "shutter," wherein the liquid crystal is a thermotropic, twisted nematic liquid crystal as described for example in U.S. Patent No. 7,755,829 to Powers et al.
- the substrate or substrates may be nonpolarizing, to enable an optical "shutter" wherein the liquid crystal is a thermotropic guest-host liquid crystal, as described for example in U.S. patent application publication number 2010/0259698 by Powers et al.
- the actual composition of the substrate may not be of great importance, except insofar as the material must allow for adequate adhesion of the surface treatment.
- the surface treatment may be combined with the substrate as a single element, and in these cases, the composition may matter greatly.
- the transparent surface treatment is applied to a substrate material or possibly combined with a substrate material (i.e., a substrate selected such that it does not need a surface treatment, or serves as its own surface treatment).
- a substrate material i.e., a substrate selected such that it does not need a surface treatment, or serves as its own surface treatment.
- the surface treatment promotes adhesion of, and prevents chemical reaction with, the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal materials.
- the surface treatment may also serve as a liquid crystal alignment layer. In such a case, the surface treatment may be rubbed, stretched, embossed, or otherwise textured in order to promote the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules. Or the surface treatment may induce alignment in other ways, e.g., through innate chemical or physical properties.
- the surface treatment may serve as a dichroic coating with an index of refraction different than that of the substrate and/or the liquid crystal.
- the surface treatment may also serve as an anchor for other molecules such as dye molecules.
- the surface treatment may be a curable polymer.
- Appropriate chemical classes may include, but are not limited to, ethyl cyanoacrylates, methyl cyanoacrylates, thiol-ene adhesives, acrylates, diacrylates, triacrylates, methacrylates, urethane acrylates, and acrylated epoxies.
- Transparent or translucent inorganic coatings such as Si0 2 , Ti0 2 , SnO, sapphire, diamond-like carbon, and a variety of other materials are increasingly available on a variety of substrates, including polymer films.
- Some embodiments of the LC device may use inorganic surface treatments in place of or in addition to organic ones. It may also be desirable for the surface treatment to be a thermoplastic material (e.g., as an aid to heat sealing or as a means of heat-melting the spacer beads into place).
- Exemplary materials that are well suited to this use include amorphous polyesters such as amorphous
- polyethylene terephthalate APET
- polyethylene terephthalate glycol PETG
- PCTG ethylene glycol-terephthalic acid-1 ,4-cyclohexanedimethanol copolymer
- high-melting-point thermoplastics such as fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- atmospheric temperatures e.g., a clearing point close to human environmental temperatures ("room temperature”), e.g., between 10 °C and 40 °C, although higher and lower clearing points may also be used; a freezing point below an expected minimum operating
- UV stability such that long lifetime may be expected in outdoor
- Other useful additives may include esters and cyanoterphenyls, and the liquid crystal may also contain a small amount (typically about one-tenth of one percent, although other amounts have been used successfully) of chiral dopant such as Merck ZLI-811 or Huarui Scientific S811 to reduce the appearance of disclination lines during the transition from nematic to isotropic and back again, or during other thermotropic phase transitions.
- chiral dopant such as Merck ZLI-811 or Huarui Scientific S811 to reduce the appearance of disclination lines during the transition from nematic to isotropic and back again, or during other thermotropic phase transitions.
- 5CB and 6CB are liquid at room temperature, and may serve as effective solvents for numerous other liquid crystal components that would normally be solid at room temperature.
- thermotropic equivalents of the embodiments described by Drzaic may be constructed by removing electrical apparatus, such as transparent conductive layers, and substituting a chemically similar low-clearing- point liquid crystal for the high-clearing-point liquid crystals identified (e.g., a mixture of 3CB, 5CB and 7CB substituted for E7).
- electrical apparatus such as transparent conductive layers
- a chemically similar low-clearing- point liquid crystal for the high-clearing-point liquid crystals identified (e.g., a mixture of 3CB, 5CB and 7CB substituted for E7).
- Such preparations are distinctly different in their operation and application than the embodiments described and referenced by Drzaic and otherwise in the prior art and are explicitly not described or considered therein. Therefore, embodiments of the presently disclosed technology may further be in the form of thermotropic equivalents of the embodiments described by Drzaic.
- FIG. 1 is from U.S. patent application no. 2010/0045924 by Powers et al. and is a schematic representation of a non-polymer-stabilized, thermotropic, liquid crystal-based optical filter 100.
- the space between the substrate materials 101 e.g., polarizing films
- the spacers 103 in this design are microscopic, spherical, and have a small variance in size, providing a uniform cell gap between the substrate materials 101 , such that the optical properties of the liquid crystal 102 do not vary in undesirable ways with location.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a thermochromic optical filter device 200 employing a polymer-stabilized, thermotropic liquid crystal mixture according to the implementations described above.
- the liquid crystal mixture 202 fills the space between the substrate materials 201 (e.g., polarizing films).
- the device 200 may be formed with one or more cell walls or edge gaskets made from a stabilizing polymer or polymer mixture 205 that form one or more liquid crystal cells. This may be accomplished, for example, by injecting the stabilizing polymer 205 around the perimeter of the device 200, between the substrate materials 201 , and curing it with heat, UV radiation, or any other appropriate curing method.
- the viscosity and surface tension, combined with the surface energy or wettability of the substrate, may be such that the liquid crystal mixture 202 is retained even within the cut cells.
- the top and bottom substrates are cut to the same dimensions.
- An acrylic surface treatment for example, Sartomer PR012228 solvated in isopropanol, is applied to both films with a Mayer rod, allowed to dry to a thickness of approximately 1.4 microns, and cured under a mercury UV lamp to a total UV-A dose of 26 J/cm 2 .
- An alignment layer is applied to each surface by rubbing it with a cloth-covered rub bar, rotary buffing cylinder, or equivalent apparatus.
- One edge of the filter may be cut with a paper cutter, rotary cutter, laser cutter, die cutter, water jet, pair of scissors, or any equivalent process or device.
- the viscosity and surface tension of the liquid crystal mixture provide retention within the cut edge so long as the filter is not subjected to excessive flexure.
- the filter is then secured to a surface (e.g., a tacky silicone mat), and the cut edge is resealed and re-cured using Devcon 18305 by the same method described above.
- a small "port” may be left open at one corner to allow for pressure release and to prevent a "ketchup packet effect" of material squirting out when pressure is applied to the filter.
- Excess LC is forced out of the "port” using tools mentioned above, sometimes with the aid of gravity, and then the port is "plugged” with 18305 photopolymer and cured as described above.
- the filter is then laminated to glass using a UV-blocking pressure-sensitive adhesive such as Cytec GMS-AX4000, with a maximum nip roller pressure of 70 psi to prevent vacuum bubbles or pressure bruises (regions from which the spacer beads have been excluded) from forming in the liquid crystal.
- Typical conditions for this lamination process include a roller temperature of 100 °F and speed of 2 ft/min, although other conditions are known to work as well.
- the substrates are LG Chem adhesive-backed polarizers
- the surface treatments are 25-micron-thick clear APET films that have been laminated to the adhesive layer and rubbed with a buffing cylinder to produce an alignment layer.
- the surface treatment also serves as the stabilizing polymer.
- the space between the two surface-treated substrates is filled with a mixture of liquid crystal and spacer beads, and the edges of the filter are heat sealed with a constant-temperature sealer at 212 °C for 12 seconds.
- the filter may then be conveniently resized at any time by heat sealing a new seam across it, and then cutting along the seam.
- the liquid crystal mixture 202 may additionally contain spacer beads (not shown) and may also contain one or more additional stabilizing polymers 205.
- the substrate materials 201 may have one or more transparent or translucent surface treatments (not shown) applied to them to promote adhesion and/or wettability, to provide a liquid crystal alignment layer, and/or to prevent unwanted physical or chemical reactions between the liquid crystal mixture 202, the stabilizing polymer 205, and the substrate materials 201.
- Sartomer PR012228 works well in this application, although a large plurality of other materials may be used instead or in addition.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic top plan view of a phase-separated LC-polymer structure 300, in which the liquid crystal mixture 302 has formed droplets or voids within a polymer matrix 305 or, alternatively, in which the stabilizing polymer 305 has formed wall or gasket structures that interpenetrate the liquid crystal 302 and attach or adhere to the substrate(s) or surface treatment(s) (not pictured).
- the stabilizing polymer is printed onto a rubbed, PR012228-coated polarizing film via ink jet, anilox, silk screen, or other standard printing process, such that a pattern of walls, paisleys, posts, etc. is formed.
- the polymer may or may not be partially cured in order to promote adhesion and/or keep the pattern from running or slumping.
- the liquid crystal mixture is then coated over the top of this polymer structure, and a second polarizer is laminated to the top. The entire structure is then cured in the same manner described above.
- phase-separated structure shown in FIG. 3 is included herein for exemplary purposes only. Phase separation is not necessary in order for the stabilizing polymer to perform its function.
- a transparent surface treatment 404 has been applied to both substrate films 401 of the polymer-stabilized, thermochromic LC device 400 using standard coating methods and a polymer network 405 is formed within the liquid crystal 402.
- Such methods generally involve mixing a pre-polymer with the liquid crystal 402 to a certain percentage (e.g., 5% by weight), and then applying a stimulus that both induces (some) phase separation of the pre-polymer and liquid crystal 402, and also cures the pre-polymer into a polymer.
- the exact stimulus required depends on the pre-polymer being employed, as well as any dopants, catalysts, or initiators that may be present, and any inhibitory properties that may be present in the substrate or LC materials.
- laser and LED sources may produce light in a narrow range of wavelengths that may be matched to one or more photoinitiators (or vice-versa) such that a high percentage of the incoming light energy may be transmitted to effect polymerization of the polymer mixture. This may serve to minimize unwanted heating of the sample during the curing step.
- the surface treatment provides adhesion between the substrates 401 and the stabilizing polymer network 405 in the presence of the liquid crystal 402.
- the stabilizing polymer network 405 provides adhesion across the liquid crystal cell gap and allows the device 400 to behave as a single object, rather than as two substrates with a liquid in between them. In some cases the stabilizing polymer network 405 may also provide retention for the liquid crystal mixture 402.
- the liquid crystal mixture 402 consists of 51% 5CB, 45% 7CB, and 4% B2 and has a clearing point of approximately 46 °C.
- the substrates are LG Chem polarizing films, and the surface treatments are 1.4-micron coatings of Sartomer PR012228 prepared as described above and rubbed with a felt-covered rub bar to produce the alignment layers.
- the polymer mixture 405 consists of 98% bisphenol-A epoxy diacrylate and 2% H-Nu 470X visible light photoinitiator. The polymer mixture 405 is dissolved into the LC mixture 402 at a weight percentage of 5% and the whole mixture is cured through under a mercury lamp with a peak wavelength of 420 nm for 30 minutes.
- Such materials include, but are not limited to, the broad family of acrylates, including ethyl cyanoacrylates, methyl cyanoacrylates, thiol-ene adhesives, diacrylates, triacrylates, methacrylates, urethane acrylates, and acrylated epoxies.
- the surface treatment for wettability i.e., so that its surface energy exceeds the surface tension of the liquid crystal and thus permits wetting of the surface by the liquid crystal, and ready alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in a configuration parallel to the surface (i.e., low pretilt angle), which is useful for nematic and twisted nematic devices.
- a low surface-energy, non-wettable surface will tend to align the liquid crystal molecules in a vertical (perpendicular to the surface, high pretilt angle) orientation, which is useful for other types of liquid crystal devices including, but not limited to, guest-host devices.
- the components of the polymer-stabilized, thermochromic LC device may be formulated from different materials or in different forms than those disclosed herein, so long as they perform an equivalent physical or chemical function.
- the spacer beads could be replaced with rods, wires, fibers, or other objects of suitable dimension.
- the polymers and adhesives cited as stabilizing polymers and/or surface treatments could be replaced with other materials, including inorganic oxides and nitrides, so long as they serve an equivalent chemical or physical function.
- the stabilizing matrix may be fashioned out of silicones rather than organic (carbon-based) polymers, or may even be fashioned from non-polymer materials including, but not limited to, inorganic aerogels such as silica aerogel, either by forming said materials in the presence of the liquid crystal or by absorbing the liquid crystal into such a matrix. It is also possible to form the stabilizing network or matrix with one LC or other liquid, which is then removed and replaced with a second LC. In some cases, it may also be both feasible and desirable to have the weight or volume percentage of stabilizing polymer within the LC be higher than 50%.
- a polymer-stabilized, thermotropic, low clearing point liquid crystal device suitable for use as a temperature-responsive optical filter may encompass a variety of dissimilar but functionally equivalent chemistries.
- liquid crystal is employed throughout this document, it should be understood that many of the same optical principles may be applied to materials that have clearly defined solid and liquid properties but do not necessarily have an intermediate "liquid crystal” state between the isotropic and solid (e.g., crystalline or amporphous) state. Thus, a low-melting-point polymer or similar material may in some cases be substituted for the liquid crystal.
- polymer is employed throughout this document, it should be understood that many of the same stabilizing properties may be found in other materials, which can be similarly substituted.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2795111A CA2795111C (en) | 2010-03-29 | 2011-03-29 | Polymer-stabilized thermotropic liquid crystal device |
ES11763329T ES2748829T3 (en) | 2010-03-29 | 2011-03-29 | Polymer stabilized thermotropic liquid crystal device |
KR1020127028069A KR101476899B1 (en) | 2010-03-29 | 2011-03-29 | Polymer-stabilized thermotropic liquid crystal device |
EP11763329.7A EP2553520B1 (en) | 2010-03-29 | 2011-03-29 | Polymer-stabilized thermotropic liquid crystal device |
JP2013502758A JP5890390B2 (en) | 2010-03-29 | 2011-03-29 | Polymer-stabilized thermotropic liquid crystal device |
CN201180026775.0A CN103038701B (en) | 2010-03-29 | 2011-03-29 | Polymer-stabilized thermotropic liquid crystal device |
AU2011235265A AU2011235265A1 (en) | 2010-03-29 | 2011-03-29 | Polymer-stabilized thermotropic liquid crystal device |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US31876910P | 2010-03-29 | 2010-03-29 | |
US61/318,769 | 2010-03-29 | ||
US37350210P | 2010-08-13 | 2010-08-13 | |
US61/373,502 | 2010-08-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011123457A1 true WO2011123457A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
Family
ID=44656067
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2011/030371 WO2011123457A1 (en) | 2010-03-29 | 2011-03-29 | Polymer-stabilized thermotropic liquid crystal device |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US8828176B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2553520B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5890390B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101476899B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103038701B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2011235265A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2795111C (en) |
ES (1) | ES2748829T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011123457A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103064216A (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2013-04-24 | 明基材料有限公司 | Dimming structure |
WO2019142719A1 (en) | 2018-01-17 | 2019-07-25 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | Dimming laminate and resin spacer for dimming laminate |
Families Citing this family (50)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008092038A1 (en) | 2007-01-24 | 2008-07-31 | Ravenbrick, Llc | Thermally switched optical downconverting filter |
CA2703010A1 (en) | 2007-09-19 | 2009-03-26 | Ravenbrick, Llc | Low-emissivity window films and coatings incorporating nanoscale wire grids |
KR101302802B1 (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2013-09-02 | 라벤브릭 엘엘씨 | Glare management of reflective and thermoreflective surfaces |
US9116302B2 (en) | 2008-06-19 | 2015-08-25 | Ravenbrick Llc | Optical metapolarizer device |
AU2009282812B2 (en) | 2008-08-20 | 2013-02-21 | Ravenbrick, Llc | Methods for fabricating thermochromic filters |
EP2417481B1 (en) * | 2009-04-10 | 2016-11-16 | Ravenbrick, LLC | Thermally switched optical filter incorporating a guest-host architecture |
US8947760B2 (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2015-02-03 | Ravenbrick Llc | Thermotropic optical shutter incorporating coatable polarizers |
WO2011053853A2 (en) | 2009-10-30 | 2011-05-05 | Ravenbrick Llc | Thermochromic filters and stopband filters for use with same |
US10191191B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2019-01-29 | Beam Engineering For Advanced Measurements Co. | Diffractive waveplate lenses and applications |
US9557456B2 (en) | 2010-01-29 | 2017-01-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Broadband optics for manipulating light beams and images |
US11366254B2 (en) | 2010-01-29 | 2022-06-21 | Beam Engineering For Advanced Measurements Co. | High-efficiency wide-angle beam steering system |
AU2011235265A1 (en) | 2010-03-29 | 2012-10-25 | Ravenbrick Llc | Polymer-stabilized thermotropic liquid crystal device |
US9983479B2 (en) | 2010-04-21 | 2018-05-29 | Beam Engineering For Advanced Measurements Co. | Fabrication of high efficiency, high quality, large area diffractive waveplates and arrays |
US10114239B2 (en) | 2010-04-21 | 2018-10-30 | Beam Engineering For Advanced Measurements Co. | Waveplate lenses and methods for their fabrication |
US20110262844A1 (en) | 2010-04-21 | 2011-10-27 | Beam Engineering For Advanced Measurement Co. | Fabrication of high efficiency, high quality, large area diffractive waveplates and arrays |
US10197715B1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-02-05 | Beam Engineering For Advanced Measurements Co. | Methods of diffractive lens and mirror fabrication |
EP2576934A4 (en) | 2010-06-01 | 2014-01-01 | Ravenbrick Llc | Multifunctional building component |
JP6165750B2 (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2017-07-19 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングMerck Patent Gesellschaft mit beschraenkter Haftung | Switching element including liquid crystal medium |
JP6317677B2 (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2018-04-25 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングMerck Patent Gesellschaft mit beschraenkter Haftung | Device for temperature-dependent regulation of the passage of energy through a light transmissive surface |
KR101347940B1 (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2014-01-08 | 동국대학교 산학협력단 | Method for polymer dispersed liquid crystal by chiller |
AU2013348226A1 (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2015-07-09 | Nexeon Energy Solutions LLC | Energy-efficient film |
US10107945B2 (en) | 2013-03-01 | 2018-10-23 | Beam Engineering For Advanced Measurements Co. | Vector vortex waveplates |
US10185182B2 (en) * | 2013-03-03 | 2019-01-22 | Beam Engineering For Advanced Measurements Co. | Mechanical rubbing method for fabricating cycloidal diffractive waveplates |
US20140253834A1 (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2014-09-11 | Ravenbrick, Llc | Photochromic Optical Filter Incorporating a Thermochromic Gate |
US20140252666A1 (en) * | 2013-03-11 | 2014-09-11 | U.S. Government As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method of fabricating a liquid crystal polymer film |
PT2984517T (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2018-10-12 | Saint Gobain | Multilayer film with electrically switchable optical properties |
KR101466831B1 (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2014-11-28 | 코닝정밀소재 주식회사 | Light extraction substrate for oled, method of fabricating thereof and oled including the same |
KR20150107941A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2015-09-24 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Electro-optic modulator and thin film transistor array test apparatus |
JP6518934B2 (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2019-05-29 | 林テレンプ株式会社 | Method for producing liquid crystal polymer film |
WO2016100446A2 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-23 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Method of detection of volatile organic compounds using liquid crystals that form a blue phase: and device for stabilization and thickness control of liquid crystal films |
US10191296B1 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2019-01-29 | Beam Engineering For Advanced Measurements Co. | Laser pointer with reduced risk of eye injury |
US9976911B1 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2018-05-22 | Beam Engineering For Advanced Measurements Co. | Full characterization wavefront sensor |
EP3115436A1 (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2017-01-11 | Essilor International (Compagnie Generale D'optique) | Method for obtaining a material comprising a liquid crystal mix with a stabilized blue phase and optical article comprising this material |
WO2017038265A1 (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2017-03-09 | Dic株式会社 | Powder mixture |
US10436957B2 (en) | 2015-10-27 | 2019-10-08 | Beam Engineering For Advanced Measurements Co. | Broadband imaging with diffractive waveplate coated mirrors and diffractive waveplate objective lens |
AU2017264964B2 (en) | 2016-05-13 | 2021-11-25 | MSI Coatings Inc. | System and method for using a VOC free low radiant flux LED UV curable composition |
KR20190028357A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2019-03-18 | 세키스이가가쿠 고교가부시키가이샤 | Resin spacer for illuminating laminate and illuminating laminate |
US10423045B2 (en) | 2016-11-14 | 2019-09-24 | Beam Engineering For Advanced Measurements Co. | Electro-optical diffractive waveplate beam shaping system |
US10274805B2 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2019-04-30 | Beam Engineering For Advanced Measurements Co. | Polarization-independent switchable lens system |
US11133580B2 (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2021-09-28 | Innolux Corporation | Antenna device |
CN107817627B (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2020-09-18 | 北京科技大学 | SiO2 aerogel film/cholesteric liquid crystal composite wide wave reflection film and preparation method thereof |
EP3521868A1 (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2019-08-07 | Essilor International | Phase change optical device |
US11338320B1 (en) | 2018-02-03 | 2022-05-24 | MSI Coatings Inc. | Composition for aerosol cans, method of making and using the same |
US11175441B1 (en) | 2018-03-05 | 2021-11-16 | Beam Engineering For Advanced Measurements Co. | Polarization-independent diffractive optical structures |
CN109946883B (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-10-27 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | Polymer stabilized vertical alignment liquid crystal display panel and manufacturing method thereof |
US11294240B2 (en) | 2019-08-10 | 2022-04-05 | Beam Engineering For Advanced Measurements Co. | Diffractive waveplate devices that operate over a wide temperature range |
EP3839620A1 (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2021-06-23 | Merck Patent GmbH | Device for the regulation of light transmission |
CN111505878A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-07 | 珠海兴业新材料科技有限公司 | Thermal transition liquid crystal-based film, preparation method thereof and intelligent window |
CN112596291B (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2022-03-18 | 上海隆昇光电新材料有限公司 | PDLC membrane electrode manufacturing method, negative pressure platform and PDLC membrane |
CN115202092A (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2022-10-18 | 上海海优威新材料股份有限公司 | Liquid crystal light adjusting film and preparation method thereof |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6049366A (en) | 1995-06-09 | 2000-04-11 | Sniaricerche S.C.P.A. | Polymer stabilized liquid crystals and flexible devices thereof |
US20030129247A1 (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-07-10 | Ju Hee Kyung | Thermotropic liquid crystal polymer microcapsules, a method for preparing the same, and cosmetic compositions containing the same |
US20080259254A1 (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2008-10-23 | Hirotsugu Kikuchi | Liquid Crystal Display Device |
US20100015363A1 (en) * | 2008-07-21 | 2010-01-21 | Au Optronics Corporation | Liquid crystal display panel and fabricating method thereof |
US20100045924A1 (en) | 2008-08-20 | 2010-02-25 | Ravenbrick, Llc | Methods for Fabricating Thermochromic Filters |
US20100060844A1 (en) * | 2006-11-15 | 2010-03-11 | Naoko Sawatari | Process for producing liquid crystal display |
Family Cites Families (219)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1505344A (en) * | 1974-02-28 | 1978-03-30 | Secretary Industry Brit | Radiant energy collectors |
US3990784A (en) | 1974-06-05 | 1976-11-09 | Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. | Coated architectural glass system and method |
US4155895A (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1979-05-22 | American Can Company | Thermotropic ink |
US4268126A (en) * | 1978-12-20 | 1981-05-19 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Thermal-pane window with liquid crystal shade |
US4456335A (en) * | 1978-12-20 | 1984-06-26 | Allied Corporation | Thermal-pane window with liquid crystal shade |
US4475031A (en) | 1981-04-23 | 1984-10-02 | Grumman Aerospace Corporation | Solar-powered sun sensitive window |
US4491390A (en) * | 1982-05-06 | 1985-01-01 | Tong Shen Hsieh | Automatic liquid-crystal light shutter |
US4512638A (en) * | 1982-08-31 | 1985-04-23 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Wire grid polarizer |
DE3239753C1 (en) * | 1982-10-27 | 1984-03-29 | Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen | Color-neutral, solar-selective heat reflection layer for glass panes and process for the production of the layers |
US4640583A (en) * | 1983-07-22 | 1987-02-03 | Kabushiki Kaisha Seiko Epson | Display panel having an inner and an outer seal and process for the production thereof |
US4641922A (en) * | 1983-08-26 | 1987-02-10 | C-D Marketing, Ltd. | Liquid crystal panel shade |
AU4117585A (en) | 1984-03-19 | 1985-10-11 | Kent State University | Light modulating material comprising a liquid crystal dispersion in a synthetic resin matrix |
US4688901A (en) | 1984-06-11 | 1987-08-25 | Johnson Light Valve Inc. | Liquid crystal light valve method and apparatus using right and left-handed twist cholesteric liquid crystal |
US4755673A (en) | 1984-10-24 | 1988-07-05 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Selective thermal radiators |
JPS61223719A (en) | 1985-03-28 | 1986-10-04 | Futaba Corp | Optical controlling element |
US4804254A (en) * | 1986-01-27 | 1989-02-14 | Autodisplay A/S | Arrangement in a display or instrument board |
FR2606418B1 (en) | 1986-11-07 | 1994-02-11 | Commissariat A Energie Atomique | THERMALLY, ELECTRICALLY OR MAGNETICALLY CONTROLLED LYOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTAL OPTICAL DEVICES |
US5525430A (en) * | 1986-12-31 | 1996-06-11 | Chahroudi; Day | Electrically activated thermochromic optical shutters |
US5377042A (en) | 1986-12-31 | 1994-12-27 | Chahroudi; Day | Structure and preparation of automatic light valves |
US4756758A (en) | 1987-04-24 | 1988-07-12 | Videojet Systems International, Inc. | Thermochromic jet ink |
US4848875A (en) | 1987-06-25 | 1989-07-18 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Dual-pane thermal window with liquid crystal shade |
US5025602A (en) * | 1987-06-25 | 1991-06-25 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Dual-pane thermal window with liquid crystal shade |
US4964251A (en) | 1987-06-25 | 1990-10-23 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Dual-pane thermal window with liquid crystal shade |
US5152111A (en) | 1987-06-25 | 1992-10-06 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Dual-pane thermal window with liquid crystal shade |
US4899503A (en) * | 1987-06-25 | 1990-02-13 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Dual-pane thermal window with liquid crystal shade |
US5111629A (en) * | 1987-06-25 | 1992-05-12 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Dual-pane thermal window with liquid crystal shade |
US4893902A (en) * | 1987-06-25 | 1990-01-16 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Dual-pane thermal window with liquid crystal shade |
US5009044A (en) * | 1987-06-25 | 1991-04-23 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Dual-pane thermal window with liquid crystal shade |
US5304323A (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1994-04-19 | Dainippon Ink And Chemicals, Inc. | Liquid crystal devices and process for producing the same |
JP2724596B2 (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1998-03-09 | 大日本インキ化学工業株式会社 | Liquid crystal device and method of manufacturing the same |
US4859994A (en) | 1987-10-26 | 1989-08-22 | Malcolm Zola | Closed-captioned movie subtitle system |
US4871220A (en) | 1988-06-15 | 1989-10-03 | Litton Systems, Inc. | Short wavelength pass filter having a metal mesh on a semiconducting substrate |
US5308706A (en) * | 1988-07-27 | 1994-05-03 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Heat reflecting sandwich plate |
US4877675A (en) | 1988-09-29 | 1989-10-31 | Waqidi Falicoff | Light transmitting or reflective sheet responsive to temperature variations |
JP2574027B2 (en) * | 1989-01-25 | 1997-01-22 | 帝人株式会社 | Liquid crystal light control material manufacturing method |
GB8904314D0 (en) * | 1989-02-24 | 1989-04-12 | Saitek Ltd | Sun exposure monitoring device |
JPH034212A (en) * | 1989-06-01 | 1991-01-10 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | Liquid crystal light control and display material and production thereof |
JP2631015B2 (en) | 1989-06-06 | 1997-07-16 | 株式会社リコー | Liquid crystal polymer alignment method |
JPH0316127U (en) * | 1989-06-29 | 1991-02-18 | ||
WO1991006889A1 (en) * | 1989-11-01 | 1991-05-16 | F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Light control devices with liquid crystals |
DE4007144A1 (en) | 1990-03-07 | 1991-09-12 | Hoechst Ag | METHOD FOR ORIENTING LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMERS AND THEIR USE AS AN ORIENTATION LAYER IN LIQUID CRYSTAL, SWITCHING AND DISPLAY DEVICES |
US5013918A (en) * | 1990-04-02 | 1991-05-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Multicolor infrared photodetector |
JP2529476B2 (en) * | 1991-03-05 | 1996-08-28 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Lighting equipment |
US5347140A (en) | 1991-08-27 | 1994-09-13 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Resonant electron transfer device |
US6671008B1 (en) | 1991-11-27 | 2003-12-30 | Reveo, Inc. | Electro-optical glazing structures having scattering and transparent modes of operation and methods and apparatus for making the same |
US6912018B2 (en) | 1991-11-27 | 2005-06-28 | Inventqjaya Sdn. Bhd. | Electro-optical glazing structures having total-reflection and transparent modes of operation for use in dynamical control of electromagnetic radiation |
US5940150A (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1999-08-17 | Reveo, Inc. | Electro-optical glazing structures having total-reflection and transparent modes of operation for use in dynamical control of electromagnetic radiation |
GB2261989B (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1995-07-12 | Hitachi Europ Ltd | Switching device |
US6633354B2 (en) | 1991-11-27 | 2003-10-14 | Reveo, Inc. | Spectrum-controllable reflective polarizers having electrically-switchable modes of operation |
US6559903B2 (en) * | 1991-11-27 | 2003-05-06 | Reveo, Inc. | Non-absorptive electro-optical glazing structure employing composite infrared reflective polarizing filter |
JPH06160824A (en) * | 1992-11-20 | 1994-06-07 | Sharp Corp | High polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element and its production |
US5212584A (en) * | 1992-04-29 | 1993-05-18 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Tunable etalon filter |
US5274246A (en) | 1992-05-04 | 1993-12-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Optical modulation and switching with enhanced third order nonlinearity multiple quantum well effects |
US5197242A (en) * | 1992-07-17 | 1993-03-30 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Dual-pane thermal window with liquid crystal shade |
US6160597A (en) * | 1993-02-17 | 2000-12-12 | Rolic Ag | Optical component and method of manufacture |
JPH0786615A (en) * | 1993-09-14 | 1995-03-31 | Fujitsu Ltd | Semiconductor quantum dot device |
US6333516B1 (en) | 1993-09-16 | 2001-12-25 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Quantum effect device |
US5481400A (en) * | 1993-11-09 | 1996-01-02 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Survivable window grids |
US6025897A (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 2000-02-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Co. | Display with reflective polarizer and randomizing cavity |
US20070091230A1 (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 2007-04-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Display incorporating reflective polarizer |
JP3455759B2 (en) * | 1993-12-24 | 2003-10-14 | カシオ計算機株式会社 | Apparatus and method for producing polymer dispersed liquid crystal display element |
US5530263A (en) * | 1994-08-16 | 1996-06-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Three dot computing elements |
CA2199506C (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 2001-07-31 | Michael Graham Burt | Optical fibre with quantum dots |
US5585640A (en) | 1995-01-11 | 1996-12-17 | Huston; Alan L. | Glass matrix doped with activated luminescent nanocrystalline particles |
CN1189224A (en) | 1995-06-26 | 1998-07-29 | 美国3M公司 | Optical panel capable of switching between reflective and transmissive state |
US5686979A (en) | 1995-06-26 | 1997-11-11 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Optical panel capable of switching between reflective and transmissive states |
US5574286A (en) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-11-12 | Huston; Alan L. | Solar-blind radiation detector |
US5714766A (en) | 1995-09-29 | 1998-02-03 | International Business Machines Corporation | Nano-structure memory device |
JP3213529B2 (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 2001-10-02 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Imaging device |
JP3323725B2 (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 2002-09-09 | キヤノン株式会社 | Polarization modulation laser, driving method thereof, and optical communication system using the same |
US5750265A (en) * | 1996-01-11 | 1998-05-12 | Libbey-Owens-Ford Co. | Coated glass article having a pyrolytic solar control coating |
US5763307A (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 1998-06-09 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Block select transistor and method of fabrication |
JP3853905B2 (en) | 1997-03-18 | 2006-12-06 | 株式会社東芝 | Quantum effect device and device using BL tunnel element |
JP3921268B2 (en) | 1997-03-19 | 2007-05-30 | 富士通株式会社 | Semiconductor optical modulator |
JP3931378B2 (en) * | 1997-04-04 | 2007-06-13 | 株式会社ニコン | Manufacturing method of display device |
AT405109B (en) | 1997-05-21 | 1999-05-25 | Wasshuber Christoph Dipl Ing D | ONE ELECTRON MEMORY COMPONENT |
JPH116988A (en) * | 1997-06-16 | 1999-01-12 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Temperature sensitive liquid crystal light modulating element and automatic temperature control system used it |
US6281519B1 (en) | 1997-08-13 | 2001-08-28 | Fujitsu Limited | Quantum semiconductor memory device including quantum dots |
JP3866836B2 (en) | 1997-08-14 | 2007-01-10 | 富士通株式会社 | Nonlinear optical device |
US6099758A (en) | 1997-09-17 | 2000-08-08 | Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung | Broadband reflective polarizer |
JP4028043B2 (en) * | 1997-10-03 | 2007-12-26 | コニカミノルタホールディングス株式会社 | Liquid crystal light modulation device and method for manufacturing liquid crystal light modulation device |
US6486997B1 (en) | 1997-10-28 | 2002-11-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Reflective LCD projection system using wide-angle Cartesian polarizing beam splitter |
US6512242B1 (en) * | 1998-01-12 | 2003-01-28 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Resonant-tunneling electronic transportors |
US6926952B1 (en) | 1998-01-13 | 2005-08-09 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Anti-reflective polymer constructions and method for producing same |
KR100317683B1 (en) * | 1998-04-28 | 2001-12-22 | 하루타 히로시 | Reflection color liquid crystal display |
US6208463B1 (en) * | 1998-05-14 | 2001-03-27 | Moxtek | Polarizer apparatus for producing a generally polarized beam of light |
GB2338592A (en) | 1998-06-19 | 1999-12-22 | Secr Defence | Single electron transistor |
US6081376A (en) | 1998-07-16 | 2000-06-27 | Moxtek | Reflective optical polarizer device with controlled light distribution and liquid crystal display incorporating the same |
US6240114B1 (en) * | 1998-08-07 | 2001-05-29 | Agere Systems Optoelectronics Guardian Corp. | Multi-quantum well lasers with selectively doped barriers |
US6218018B1 (en) * | 1998-08-21 | 2001-04-17 | Atofina Chemicals, Inc. | Solar control coated glass |
US6084702A (en) | 1998-10-15 | 2000-07-04 | Pleotint, L.L.C. | Thermochromic devices |
US6260414B1 (en) | 1998-10-22 | 2001-07-17 | Jackson - Kie, Inc. | Liquid crystal liquid level indicator |
AU3076300A (en) | 1999-01-21 | 2000-08-07 | Miwa Science Laboratory Inc. | Image recording medium, image recording/erasing device, and image recording method |
US6055089A (en) * | 1999-02-25 | 2000-04-25 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Photovoltaic powering and control system for electrochromic windows |
JP4117080B2 (en) * | 1999-02-25 | 2008-07-09 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Reversible recording medium, recording method and reversible recording apparatus using the reversible recording medium |
JP2000258758A (en) * | 1999-03-05 | 2000-09-22 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Liquid crystal film |
US6381068B1 (en) | 1999-03-19 | 2002-04-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Reflective projection screen and projection system |
US6515785B1 (en) * | 1999-04-22 | 2003-02-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical devices using reflecting polarizing materials |
US6304784B1 (en) | 1999-06-15 | 2001-10-16 | Arizona Board Of Regents, Acting For And On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Flexible probing device and methods for manufacturing the same |
US6288840B1 (en) | 1999-06-22 | 2001-09-11 | Moxtek | Imbedded wire grid polarizer for the visible spectrum |
US6122103A (en) | 1999-06-22 | 2000-09-19 | Moxtech | Broadband wire grid polarizer for the visible spectrum |
US20040005451A1 (en) * | 1999-08-03 | 2004-01-08 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Diffuse reflective articles |
CN1131141C (en) | 1999-09-29 | 2003-12-17 | 小天鹅工程公司 | Thermochromic laminates and methods for controlling temperature of structure |
US6724512B2 (en) | 1999-11-03 | 2004-04-20 | Optodot Corporation | Optical switch device |
KR20020064909A (en) | 1999-11-23 | 2002-08-10 | 나노베이션 테크놀로지즈, 인크. | An optical switch having a planar waveguide and a shutter actuator |
GB9928166D0 (en) * | 1999-11-29 | 2000-01-26 | Microgrin Limited | Reflective diffuser |
US6718086B1 (en) * | 2000-02-10 | 2004-04-06 | Agere Systems, Inc. | Article comprising a tunable filter |
JP4422855B2 (en) | 2000-03-16 | 2010-02-24 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Wobble signal regeneration circuit |
JP4873335B2 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2012-02-08 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | Information processing structure |
US6730909B2 (en) * | 2000-05-01 | 2004-05-04 | Bae Systems, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for compensating a radiation sensor for temperature variations of the sensor |
AU2001259451A1 (en) | 2000-05-04 | 2001-11-12 | Schott Donnelly Llc | Chromogenic glazing |
US7837361B2 (en) * | 2000-07-14 | 2010-11-23 | Ledalite Architectural Products | Light control devices implemented with diffusers having controllable diffusion characteristics |
US6329668B1 (en) | 2000-07-27 | 2001-12-11 | Mp Technologies L.L.C. | Quantum dots for optoelecronic devices |
US6816525B2 (en) | 2000-09-22 | 2004-11-09 | Andreas Stintz | Quantum dot lasers |
US6600169B2 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2003-07-29 | Andreas Stintz | Quantum dash device |
US6611640B2 (en) | 2000-10-03 | 2003-08-26 | Evident Technologies | Optical dispersion compensator |
KR100355675B1 (en) * | 2000-10-10 | 2002-10-11 | 한국과학기술원 | Evanescent-wave coupled microcavity laser |
FR2819802B1 (en) | 2001-01-24 | 2004-07-23 | Saint Gobain | STRUCTURE, PARTICULARLY FOR THERMOCHROME GLAZING, COMPRISING A SUBSTANCE CONTAINED BETWEEN TWO GLASS SUBSTRATES |
US6606142B2 (en) * | 2001-02-12 | 2003-08-12 | Viztec, Inc. | Electrooptical displays with polymer localized in vicinities of substrate spacers |
US20020152191A1 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2002-10-17 | Hollenberg Lloyd Christopher Leonard | Method of interrogating a database using a quantum computer |
US20030107927A1 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2003-06-12 | Yeda Research And Development Co. Ltd. | Method using a synthetic molecular spring device in a system for dynamically controlling a system property and a corresponding system thereof |
EP1262911A1 (en) | 2001-05-30 | 2002-12-04 | Hitachi Europe Limited | Quantum computer |
JP4731728B2 (en) | 2001-06-01 | 2011-07-27 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | Infrared light control device |
US6753273B2 (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2004-06-22 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Semiconductor devices and methods |
US20030066998A1 (en) * | 2001-08-02 | 2003-04-10 | Lee Howard Wing Hoon | Quantum dots of Group IV semiconductor materials |
US6978070B1 (en) * | 2001-08-14 | 2005-12-20 | The Programmable Matter Corporation | Fiber incorporating quantum dots as programmable dopants |
US7166797B1 (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2007-01-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Tandem filters using frequency selective surfaces for enhanced conversion efficiency in a thermophotovoltaic energy conversion system |
JP4961650B2 (en) * | 2001-09-18 | 2012-06-27 | 富士通株式会社 | Quantum circuit device |
SE0103198D0 (en) | 2001-09-26 | 2001-09-26 | Andris Azens | Electrochromic film and device comprising the same |
US6985291B2 (en) | 2001-10-01 | 2006-01-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Non-inverting transflective assembly |
US7758773B2 (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2010-07-20 | Kent State University | Non-synthetic method for modifying properties of liquid crystals |
US20030138209A1 (en) | 2002-01-10 | 2003-07-24 | Chan Edward Keat Leam | Filter device using thermo-optically controlled bragg grating |
JP2003248204A (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2003-09-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Semiconductor optical element, semiconductor optical modulation element and semiconductor optical photodetector |
US6847662B2 (en) * | 2002-03-25 | 2005-01-25 | Fujitsu Limited | Wavelength-selectable laser capable of high-speed frequency control |
AU2003224809A1 (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2003-10-13 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Switchable electro-optical laminates |
JP4370396B2 (en) | 2002-04-22 | 2009-11-25 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Multifunctional automatic light control insulation glass and air conditioning method |
US20030214632A1 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2003-11-20 | Jiaying Ma | Projection display system |
US7042615B2 (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2006-05-09 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Electrochromic devices based on lithium insertion |
US20040036993A1 (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2004-02-26 | Tin Hla Ngwe | Transparent heat mirror for solar and heat gain and methods of making |
US7355668B2 (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2008-04-08 | Kent State University | Polymer enhanced liquid crystal devices built with rigid or flexible substrates |
CA2430795A1 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2003-11-30 | George V. Eleftheriades | Planar metamaterials for controlling and guiding electromagnetic radiation and applications therefor |
JP2004012818A (en) | 2002-06-06 | 2004-01-15 | Junzo Shimada | Transparent panel with liquid crystal window shade |
US7026641B2 (en) * | 2002-08-15 | 2006-04-11 | Sarnoff Corporation | Electrically tunable quantum dots and methods for making and using same |
AU2002950888A0 (en) | 2002-08-20 | 2002-09-12 | Unisearch Limited | Quantum device |
EP2899015B1 (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2019-04-10 | The Regents of The University of California | Indefinite materials |
EP1394821A3 (en) | 2002-08-30 | 2006-06-14 | Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation | Magnetic body, magnetic device using the same, and method of manufacturing the same |
WO2004034504A1 (en) | 2002-10-10 | 2004-04-22 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Tunable electromagnetic band-gap composite media |
DE10253325A1 (en) * | 2002-11-14 | 2004-05-27 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Control medium for liquid crystal displays is characterized by having a clear enthalpy of no greater than 1.50 J/g and by having a dielectric susceptibility of at least 27 at 4 degrees above the clear point |
US7113335B2 (en) | 2002-12-30 | 2006-09-26 | Sales Tasso R | Grid polarizer with suppressed reflectivity |
JP2004291345A (en) | 2003-03-26 | 2004-10-21 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Sunshine adjusting glass |
JP4233431B2 (en) * | 2003-04-01 | 2009-03-04 | 日東電工株式会社 | Optical element, polarizing element, illumination device, and liquid crystal display device |
US7088405B2 (en) | 2003-05-05 | 2006-08-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Structured transflectors for enhanced ambient and backlight operation of transmissive liquid crystal displays |
US7154451B1 (en) | 2004-09-17 | 2006-12-26 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Large aperture rectenna based on planar lens structures |
US7068234B2 (en) | 2003-05-12 | 2006-06-27 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Meta-element antenna and array |
JP4237544B2 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2009-03-11 | 日東電工株式会社 | Optical element, condensing backlight system, and liquid crystal display device |
US7161737B2 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2007-01-09 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Projection screen and projection system comprising the same |
US7221827B2 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2007-05-22 | Aegis Semiconductor, Inc. | Tunable dispersion compensator |
US20050068629A1 (en) | 2003-09-26 | 2005-03-31 | Primal Fernando | Adjustably opaque window |
US8164721B2 (en) * | 2003-12-11 | 2012-04-24 | Tan Kim L | Grating trim retarders |
US6946697B2 (en) | 2003-12-18 | 2005-09-20 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | Synthetic antiferromagnet structures for use in MTJs in MRAM technology |
US7318651B2 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2008-01-15 | Avago Technologies Ecbu Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. | Flash module with quantum dot light conversion |
TWI230834B (en) * | 2003-12-31 | 2005-04-11 | Ind Tech Res Inst | High-transmissivity polarizing module constituted with sub-wavelength structure |
US7760053B2 (en) | 2003-12-31 | 2010-07-20 | Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. | Negative refractive index and opto-magnetic materials and method of fabricating same |
JP4027940B2 (en) | 2004-01-15 | 2007-12-26 | シャープ株式会社 | Display element and display device |
JP4457699B2 (en) | 2004-03-04 | 2010-04-28 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Light control material and vehicle using the same |
CN100543111C (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2009-09-23 | 独立行政法人科学技术振兴机构 | Liquid crystal display device |
CN101065845A (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2007-10-31 | 可编程物公司 | Layered composite film incorporating quantum dots as programmable dopants |
WO2005122349A1 (en) | 2004-06-07 | 2005-12-22 | Nl Nanosemiconductor Gmbh | Electrooptically wavelength-tunable resonant cavity optoelectronic device for high-speed data transfer |
US8545030B2 (en) | 2004-07-12 | 2013-10-01 | Gentex Corporation | Rearview mirror assemblies with anisotropic polymer laminates |
US7538946B2 (en) | 2004-07-23 | 2009-05-26 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Metamaterials |
US7351346B2 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2008-04-01 | Agoura Technologies, Inc. | Non-photolithographic method for forming a wire grid polarizer for optical and infrared wavelengths |
US7561332B2 (en) | 2004-11-30 | 2009-07-14 | Agoura Technologies, Inc. | Applications and fabrication techniques for large scale wire grid polarizers |
US20060147810A1 (en) | 2004-12-14 | 2006-07-06 | Koch Gene C | Holographic optical elements, devices and methods |
US7619816B2 (en) | 2004-12-15 | 2009-11-17 | Api Nanofabrication And Research Corp. | Structures for polarization and beam control |
US20080138543A1 (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2008-06-12 | Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. | Identification Medium, Article Equipped With Identification Medium, Identifying Method And Device |
JP2006195112A (en) * | 2005-01-13 | 2006-07-27 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Liquid crystal element, and dimmer element and liquid crystal display device using the same |
US8271241B2 (en) | 2005-01-18 | 2012-09-18 | University Of Massachusetts Lowell | Chiral metamaterials |
WO2006088369A2 (en) | 2005-02-16 | 2006-08-24 | Stichting Voor De Technische Wetenschappen | Luminescent multilayer system and utilisation thereof |
JP2006243485A (en) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-09-14 | Toshiba Corp | Automatic light control cell and member for transmitted light |
US7525604B2 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2009-04-28 | Naxellent, Llc | Windows with electrically controllable transmission and reflection |
US7304801B2 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2007-12-04 | Xerox Corporation | Distributed Bragg reflector systems and methods |
US7421178B2 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2008-09-02 | Podolskiy Viktor A | Left-handed materials and structures based on strong dielectric anisotropy |
US7630132B2 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2009-12-08 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Polarization control device |
JP4669744B2 (en) * | 2005-06-20 | 2011-04-13 | 独立行政法人理化学研究所 | OPTICAL MATERIAL, OPTICAL ELEMENT USING SAME, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF |
WO2007013389A1 (en) | 2005-07-25 | 2007-02-01 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power generating apparatus |
US8054146B2 (en) | 2005-11-14 | 2011-11-08 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Structures with negative index of refraction |
JP4559997B2 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2010-10-13 | 財団法人光産業技術振興協会 | Polarizer |
US7876489B2 (en) | 2006-06-05 | 2011-01-25 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display apparatus with optical cavities |
JP2008003216A (en) * | 2006-06-21 | 2008-01-10 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Method for manufacturing liquid crystal display panel |
US7749593B2 (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2010-07-06 | Certainteed Corporation | Solar heat responsive exterior surface covering |
TWI491953B (en) * | 2006-07-18 | 2015-07-11 | Sipix Imaging Inc | Electrophoretic display |
US8120239B2 (en) | 2006-08-16 | 2012-02-21 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Infrared display with luminescent quantum dots |
US7601946B2 (en) * | 2006-09-12 | 2009-10-13 | Ravenbrick, Llc | Electromagnetic sensor incorporating quantum confinement structures |
US7889421B2 (en) * | 2006-11-17 | 2011-02-15 | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | High-power white LEDs and manufacturing method thereof |
US20080160321A1 (en) | 2007-01-03 | 2008-07-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Single pane glazing laminates |
WO2008092038A1 (en) | 2007-01-24 | 2008-07-31 | Ravenbrick, Llc | Thermally switched optical downconverting filter |
CA2620005C (en) | 2007-01-24 | 2011-04-19 | Ravenbrick, Llc | Thermally switched optical downconverting filter |
US8363307B2 (en) | 2007-02-28 | 2013-01-29 | Ravenbrick, Llc | Multicolor light emitting device incorporating tunable quantum confinement devices |
US7936500B2 (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2011-05-03 | Ravenbrick Llc | Wavelength-specific optical switch |
TW200839320A (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2008-10-01 | Far Eastern Textile Ltd | Polarizer and its manufacturing method, and liquid crystal display panel |
US7973998B2 (en) | 2007-05-18 | 2011-07-05 | Serious Materials, Inc. | Temperature activated optical films |
US20080292820A1 (en) | 2007-05-23 | 2008-11-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Light diffusing solar control film |
JP2010531468A (en) * | 2007-06-25 | 2010-09-24 | ヴライト イノヴェーションズ リミテッド | Polymer dispersed liquid crystal structure |
KR101265393B1 (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2013-05-20 | 라벤브릭 엘엘씨 | Thermally switched reflective optical shutter |
US20090040132A1 (en) * | 2007-07-24 | 2009-02-12 | Northeastern University | Anisotropic metal-dielectric metamaterials for broadband all-angle negative refraction and superlens imaging |
CA2703010A1 (en) * | 2007-09-19 | 2009-03-26 | Ravenbrick, Llc | Low-emissivity window films and coatings incorporating nanoscale wire grids |
US8169685B2 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2012-05-01 | Ravenbrick, Llc | Thermally switched absorptive window shutter |
JP5308047B2 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2013-10-09 | 豊田合成株式会社 | Colloidal crystal composition |
KR101302802B1 (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2013-09-02 | 라벤브릭 엘엘씨 | Glare management of reflective and thermoreflective surfaces |
JP5217664B2 (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2013-06-19 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Temperature-sensitive light control element and manufacturing method thereof |
US9116302B2 (en) | 2008-06-19 | 2015-08-25 | Ravenbrick Llc | Optical metapolarizer device |
US20100001008A1 (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2010-01-07 | Mccarthy Wil | Insulating Glass Unit as Shipping Container |
KR100982991B1 (en) * | 2008-09-03 | 2010-09-17 | 삼성엘이디 주식회사 | Quantum dot-wavelength conversion device, preparing method of the same and light-emitting device comprising the same |
KR200448916Y1 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2010-06-07 | 서완석 | The trouble indicator for electric discharge lamp |
EP2417481B1 (en) * | 2009-04-10 | 2016-11-16 | Ravenbrick, LLC | Thermally switched optical filter incorporating a guest-host architecture |
WO2011053853A2 (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-05-05 | Ravenbrick Llc | Thermochromic filters and stopband filters for use with same |
WO2011062708A2 (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2011-05-26 | Ravenbrick Llc | Thermally switched optical filter incorporating a refractive optical structure |
AU2011235265A1 (en) | 2010-03-29 | 2012-10-25 | Ravenbrick Llc | Polymer-stabilized thermotropic liquid crystal device |
EP2576934A4 (en) | 2010-06-01 | 2014-01-01 | Ravenbrick Llc | Multifunctional building component |
-
2011
- 2011-03-29 AU AU2011235265A patent/AU2011235265A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-03-29 ES ES11763329T patent/ES2748829T3/en active Active
- 2011-03-29 EP EP11763329.7A patent/EP2553520B1/en active Active
- 2011-03-29 JP JP2013502758A patent/JP5890390B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-03-29 KR KR1020127028069A patent/KR101476899B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2011-03-29 WO PCT/US2011/030371 patent/WO2011123457A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-03-29 CA CA2795111A patent/CA2795111C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-03-29 US US13/074,876 patent/US8828176B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-03-29 CN CN201180026775.0A patent/CN103038701B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-09-08 US US14/480,368 patent/US20150009456A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6049366A (en) | 1995-06-09 | 2000-04-11 | Sniaricerche S.C.P.A. | Polymer stabilized liquid crystals and flexible devices thereof |
US20030129247A1 (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-07-10 | Ju Hee Kyung | Thermotropic liquid crystal polymer microcapsules, a method for preparing the same, and cosmetic compositions containing the same |
US20080259254A1 (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2008-10-23 | Hirotsugu Kikuchi | Liquid Crystal Display Device |
US20100060844A1 (en) * | 2006-11-15 | 2010-03-11 | Naoko Sawatari | Process for producing liquid crystal display |
US20100015363A1 (en) * | 2008-07-21 | 2010-01-21 | Au Optronics Corporation | Liquid crystal display panel and fabricating method thereof |
US20100045924A1 (en) | 2008-08-20 | 2010-02-25 | Ravenbrick, Llc | Methods for Fabricating Thermochromic Filters |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP2553520A4 * |
Y. J. LIU; X. W. SUN: "Holographic Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals: Materials, Formation, and Applications", vol. 2008, HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103064216A (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2013-04-24 | 明基材料有限公司 | Dimming structure |
CN103064216B (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2015-07-29 | 明基材料有限公司 | Light modulation structure |
WO2019142719A1 (en) | 2018-01-17 | 2019-07-25 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | Dimming laminate and resin spacer for dimming laminate |
KR20200105745A (en) | 2018-01-17 | 2020-09-09 | 세키스이가가쿠 고교가부시키가이샤 | Resin spacer for dimming laminate and dimming laminate |
US11644717B2 (en) | 2018-01-17 | 2023-05-09 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. | Dimming laminate and resin spacer for dimming laminate |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5890390B2 (en) | 2016-03-22 |
CA2795111C (en) | 2017-07-11 |
JP2013524279A (en) | 2013-06-17 |
KR20120130278A (en) | 2012-11-29 |
AU2011235265A1 (en) | 2012-10-25 |
EP2553520A4 (en) | 2014-12-24 |
US8828176B2 (en) | 2014-09-09 |
US20150009456A1 (en) | 2015-01-08 |
US20110234944A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
EP2553520A1 (en) | 2013-02-06 |
CN103038701A (en) | 2013-04-10 |
CN103038701B (en) | 2017-01-18 |
ES2748829T3 (en) | 2020-03-18 |
EP2553520B1 (en) | 2019-07-31 |
CA2795111A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
KR101476899B1 (en) | 2014-12-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2795111C (en) | Polymer-stabilized thermotropic liquid crystal device | |
EP0747461B1 (en) | Polymer stabilized liquid crystals and flexible devices thereof | |
US5621552A (en) | Electrooptical liquid crystal system containing dual frequency liquid crystal mixture | |
CA2737041C (en) | Methods for fabricating thermochromic filters | |
EP0313053B1 (en) | Liquid crystal device | |
EP3215587B1 (en) | Bistable liquid crystal dispersion devices comprising metal-organic mesogens and applications thereof | |
JPS61502128A (en) | Light modulating material consisting of liquid crystal dispersion within a synthetic resin matrix | |
WO1987001822A1 (en) | Liquid crystal light-modulating materials | |
JPH0580303A (en) | Liquid crystal electrooptical device and formation thereof | |
EP1372023A2 (en) | Electro-optically concealable vehicle instrument panel and method of constructing the same | |
EP0927753A1 (en) | Liquid crystal dispersed polymer electrooptical films having reverse morphology | |
JP2023144540A (en) | Manufacturing method of dimming element, and dimming element | |
Crawford | Encapsulated liquid crystal materials for flexible display applications | |
JP3195942B2 (en) | Liquid crystal device | |
JP3182695B2 (en) | Light scattering liquid crystal two-layer panel | |
JPH11349949A (en) | Polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element and its production | |
KR100329662B1 (en) | Polymer dispersed liquid crystal complex, method for manufacturing the same, and liquid crystal display device containing the same | |
JPH0961797A (en) | Liquid crystal optical element and its production | |
ITMI20011793A1 (en) | ELECTROOPTIC LIQUID CRYSTAL FILM ON CONDUCTIVE POLYMER ELECTRODES AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS PREPARATION | |
JPH07333583A (en) | Production of light scattering type liquid crystal display element | |
JPH095714A (en) | Production of liquid crystal device |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 201180026775.0 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 11763329 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2013502758 Country of ref document: JP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2795111 Country of ref document: CA |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2011763329 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2011235265 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20110329 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20127028069 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |