Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
  • F01B1/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements
  • F01B1/08—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements with cylinders arranged oppositely relative to main shaft and of "flat" type
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
  • F01B17/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by use of uniflow principle
  • F01B17/02—Engines
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
  • F01B19/00—Positive-displacement machines or engines of flexible-wall type
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
  • F01B29/00—Machines or engines with pertinent characteristics other than those provided for in preceding main groups
  • F01B29/02—Atmospheric engines, i.e. atmosphere acting against vacuum

Definitions

• the patent generally speaking, belongs to the area of mechanical engineering, that is, to the area of cost-efficient machines, or more closely defined - to the area of driving machines with operating cylinders, positioned adverse to the main crankshaft, thereby, no matter what kind of driving medium is used, the volumes of these cylinders and the operating areas of their pistons are changeable during the work cycle of the device.
• the patent is labelled by the basic classification symbol F 01 B 15/00, which refers to machines or driving machines with an alternating piston with movable cylinders, as well as by the secondary classification symbol F 01 B 21/08 which refers to handheldmachines" or driving machines with alternating pistons and cylinders positioned adverse to the main crankshaft.
• the patent also refers to a technical solution in which the effect caused by the vacuum is used as the driving unit, it can also additionally be labelled by another secondary classification symbol, F 01 B 29/00, which defines driving machines with atmospheric pressure, i.e. those in which atmospheric pressure works against the vacuum.
• a technical problem solved by the patent can be defined in this manner: How to design an engine - a driving device, which will use different driving media, so that, during its operation through alternating changes in volumes of the cylinders and the operating areas of their pistons, one can produce useful energy that can be used to drive another machine, to operate another device, or do some other work, whereby the amount of the used medium is only insignificantly decreased, and the construction of the device makes it simple, reliable, long-lasting, easy to maintain and independent of the energetic resources of the area where it is installed.
• the device has two equal, most optimally prismatic cylinders connected adverse to the main crankshaft and constructed in such a way that during the work cycles their volumes constantly alternate with the simultaneous change in the operating areas of the pistons that move inside them. These changes in the volumes of the operating cylinders and the operating areas of the operating pistons begin and end during the final operating and restoring strokes.
• the device operates by expanding one operating cylinder and simultaneously increasing its operating volume, while at the same time the other operating cylinder contracts and decreases its operating volume. This was accomplished due to radial movement of a side wall of the cylinder in both directions, whereby the increase in the volume of an operating cylinder also increases the operating area of its piston, and vice versa.
• the novelty of the patent is also the fact that a separate assembly is constructed to move the movable walls of the cylinders, the assembly which uses a part of the energy obtained by the movement of the pistons for its operation, whereby the operation of this assembly is based on the influence of two specially constructed yokes that enable pressure equilisation at the movable sides, in a way that ensures the equilibrium of the system.
• the changes in the volumes of the operating cylinders and the operating areas of their pistons also cause changes in the pressure force of the medium or vacuum on the walls of the cylinders and the pistons, whose piston rods transfer mechanical work to the main crankshaft.
• the useful energy in the device is obtained as a difference in the pressures of the media (pressured air, column of water or vacuum), realised on the pistons of the driving engines with changeable media, during their movement from one to another dead point.
• the amount of this useful energy is stipulated by the quality of the structure of the driving engine, especially by the efficacy of pistons tightness and of the movable wall of the cylinder.
• the useful energy obtained this way can be used to drive machines or devices used for all kinds of different purposes.
• the prerequisite for the realisation of this useful energy is to make sure that during the device operation as little of the medium as possible leaves the cylinders (the medium which has to be compensated for by the operation of special pumps), or in case of the device using vacuum to make sure that as little air enters the device, the air that has to be additionally permanently pumped out, which is achieved by the use of the vacuum pump.
• the water lost during the device operation is compensated for by supplying water from the surounding natural resources, as a rule without the use of pumps, or if it were not possible, by using pumps to refill water in the water tower from a special tank.
• the device is completely ecologically clean and it has no harmful effect on the surroundings, which makes it especially significant and up-to-date;
• the device is simple to produce and maintain; - The device can be applied in submarines, ships, spacecrafts (except the water-driven devices), practically at those places where other machines cannot create useful work (the vacuum device needs to have an air chamber with the pressure of 1 Bar);
• FIG. 1 represents a scheme of the device at the moment when the upper piston is at its highest point in the cylinder in compressed-air engines when the cylinder 1 is in the initial operating stroke;
• FIG. 2 represents a scheme of the device at the moment when the upper piston is at its lowest point in the cylinder in compressed-air engines when the cylinder 1 is in the final operating stroke;
• FIG. 3 represents a scheme of the assembly that enables moving the walls of the cylinder 2 in the position when they are spaced most in compressed-air engines;
• FIG. 4 represents a scheme of the assembly that enables moving the walls of the cylinder 1 in the position when they are spaced least in compressed-air engines;
• FIG. 5 represents a scheme of the device at the moment when the upper piston is at its lowest point in the cylinder in vacuum-driven engines
• FIG. 6 represents a scheme of the device at the moment when the upper piston is at its highest point in the cylinder in vacuum-driven engines.
• FIG. 7 represents a scheme of the device at the moment when the upper piston is at its highest point in the cylinder in engines with the water tower, in the initial operating stroke in the cylinder 1 ;
• FIG. 8 represents a scheme of the device at the moment when the upper piston is at its lowest point in the cylinder in engines with the water tower, in the final operating stroke in the cylinder 1 ;
• FIG. 9 represents a scheme of the assembly that enables moving the walls of the cylinder 2 in the position when they are spaced most in the water-tower engines;
• FIG. 10 represents a scheme of the assembly that enables moving the walls of the cylinder in the position when they are spaced least in the water-tower engines;
• FIG. 11 represents a scheme of connecting more water-tower engines
• FIG. 12 represents a scheme of connecting the engine which uses the potential energy of the column of water with the water from the river or a man-made lake.
• the device is, according to the patent, comprised of two identical operating cylinders 1 and 2 with changing volumes, which are connected, via connecting tubes 3 and 4, to the tank 5 which contains high-pressured air maintained by the compressor 6.
• the tank 5 and the compressor 6 are standard-made and well-known in the state of technique; therefore, their operation, in order to simplify the description, is not necessary to explain any further.
• Cylinders 1 and 2 are identical, formed as the most optimally empty parallelopipeds of rectangular cross-section, on the upper side covered by the lids 7 which are integrally connected to a pair of immovable vertical walls 8, whereas the other pair of the vertical lateral walls 9 is movable in both directions so that it enables changes in the volume content of the cylinders 1 and 2 and changes in their cross dimensions.
• a change in volume of the operating cylinders 1 and 2 is followed by a simultaneous change in the operating area of the operating pistons 10 and 11 which are, by way of piston rods 12 and 13, connected to the crankshaft 14.
• the description of the patent displays a device which has a pair of adverse constructed cylinders 1 and 2; however, the engine which uses compressed air as the medium, according to the idea of the author, can be produced with more pairs of cylinders, whereby the tank 5, the compressor 6, and the assembly for moving walls are mutual for all cylinders which are all, as well, connected to the crankshaft 14 the same way.
• the way of connecting is performed according to the particular working conditions based on the suggestions of the corresponding experts in the subject area. According to the idea of the author, connecting is most optimally performed by connecting movable walls by way of the particular levers or simply the connection of more engines can be performed by axially movable joints 61 and 59.
• Two-part pistons 10 and 1 1 are constructed in such a way that their operating area, due to segments 16 and 17, can be changed anywhere from the defined minimum (the so-called “useless” area) to a certain maximum (the so-called “greatest useful” area).
• the changeability of the operating area of the pistons 10 and 11, can be realised in many ways, however, bearing in mind the feasibility of the patent, as one can observe in the figures of the attached draft, such solution is given according to which the top area of the wedged segment 16 is constructed slantwise the same way as the top inner side of the fitting segment 17, which is analogous to it. This way of constructing segments 16 and 17 enables good tightness which is very important for the efficient operation of the device.
• Adherence of segments 16 and 17 of the pistons 10 and 1 1 to the immovable walls 8 and movable walls 9 of the cylinder is realised by levers 18 and 19, which are constantly strained by spring mechanisms 20 and which, in order to be axially moved more easily through cylinders 1 and 2, have at their ends fastened little wheels 21, while the adherence and tightness of the movable wall 9 to the lid 7 is performed by levers 56 with spring mechanism 57 at whose end there is a little wheel 58.
• the mechanism which enables changes in volume of the operating cylinders is comprised of three subassemblies connected to the crankshaft 14, out of which the first subassembly by levers 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35 enables movement of the movable sides 9 of the cylinder.
• This subassembly is connected to the next subassembly axially by joint 61 and is comprised of the levers 39, 41 and 42 which enable equilibrium of the pressure force on the movable sides.
• the third subassembly is comprised of levers 26, 27 and 24 which enable maintenance of the state of equilibrium of forces during the movement of pistons 1 and 2, and through it one can indirectly affect obtainment of the useful energy.
• valve 63 opens, thus enabling air supply into the cylinders.
• the valve 63 also serves as the starting valve and it affects the speed at which the engine operates (the engine can be fast or slow).
• Synchronization of the movement of the walls is most optimally realized by the assembly comprised of the system of levers 31, 32 and 33, whereby one end of the lever 33 is jointed to the universal bridge 34 and connected to the crankshaft 14.
• the other end of the shank 33 carries slides 64, with the wheel installed between 65, upon lever shank 35, maintains the stability through the movement of the lever 33.
• Segment braces 44 are chosen because of the fact that they enable regular conveyance of the pressures to the lever 24 which in its turn, by the joint 45 born in the "U" bearing 29 enables a synchronized movement of the movable wall 9 of the cylinders 1 and 2 of the engine.
• the function of parts 40 can be seen in the fact that the path of the little wheel 30 is much shorter on the inner side of the U shank 39 than on its outer side, which is important because it reduces the losses in energy during the movement of the walls 9 of the cylinders 1 and 2 of the engine.
• the theory of the engine operation lies in the changeability of the operating areas of the pistons 10 and 1 1 inside operating cylinders 1 and 2 which also change their volumes during a cycle consisting of the initial, operating, final and restoring strokes of the operating pistons 10 and 11.
• Operating pistons 10 and 1 1 under the influence of the compressed air pressure produce a theoretically useful energy which can further be used outside the device as a permanent source of the driving energy.
• the restoring stroke of the piston with a smaller front area, under the influence of the pressured medium, is realized by the energy created by the adverse cylinder which is in that case in its operating stroke.
• the forces necessary to move the piston with a smaller area from the initial restoring stroke to the final stroke are drastically lower than the useful forces created during the stroke of the operating piston with a bigger front area, that is, the piston with the bigger front area during the operating stroke moves the adverse piston with a smaller front area as well, since it has a bigger energy value of the medium under pressure.
• the piston with a bigger operating area also has enough energy to make up for all the losses that are created by the friction of the elements of the device in operation, so that the effects of the useless areas are always annulled.
• the device displayed has a single pair of the adverse constructed cylinders 1 and 2; however, the engine initialized by high- pressured air, according to the idea of the author, can be produced with more pairs of cylinders as well, whereby the air under pressure is connected by a network of tubes to every single pair of cylinders the same way as if it were a two-cylinder engine, while the assemblies for synchronization are also in this case connected to the mutual crankshaft 14.
• the medium pressure decreases at certain times, and increases with the changes in the volume of the operating cylinders.
• the fall or rise of the medium under pressure does not mean that the loss of balance occurs, equilibrium of forces, respectively, within the lids consisted of levers 39, 41 and 42.
• the equilibrium of forces is being maintained and established regardless of the fall or rise of the medium under pressure, as well as the surface size of the movable walls 9, , due to the fact that, according to Boyle-Marriot's law gas principles within closed system, stating that the volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure applied in it.
• both cylinders 1 and 2 are, just like in the first example of constructing, positioned adverse to the main crankshaft 14 and constructed in such a way that during the work cycles their volumes and the operating areas of their pistons constantly alternate.
• the operating cylinders 1 and 2 are on one side connected to the closed vacuum vessel - the tank 50, whose volume is significantly greater than the operating volumes of both operating cylinders.
• the volumes of the operating cylinders 1 and 2 and the operating areas of the operating pistons 10 and 1 1 change in the point of the final operating and final restoring strokes.
• the operation of the engine assemblies in this example is completely identical to the operation of the engine in the first example, except the fact that in this case in cylinders 1 and 2 there is a reversed process of the effect of the medium on their walls and the operating areas of the pistons 10 and 1 1. Namely, instead of the effect of the compressed air which affected the pistons 10 and 11 by repressing them, in this case, the vacuum attracts them; therefore, the wheel 30 on the lever 24 is constructed in such a way that it moves on the outer side of the U shank 39.
• the vacuum represents the force which corresponds to the air pressure of 1 Bar over seam 2 .
• the air pressure of 1 Bar in that case equals the force of gravity.
• the vacuum pump 51 The power of this pump certainly depends on the degree of tightness of the operating cylinders 1 and 2, the operating pistons 10 and 1 1 , or the amount of air that enters the vacuum space. Since in this case it is the air pressure of 1 Bar, one can say that it is absolutely possible to maintain the air pressure at almost the zero level.
• the function of the vacuum tank is to supply the vacuum to the operating cylinders when they are filled with air of 1 Bar (in case of reparation of the caulkering parts of the pistons and cylinders).
• air in cylinders becomes "diluted" in the vacuum tank, which creates the effect of the vacuum in the operating system.
• An additional increase in the vacuum is realised by the vacuum pump.
• a driving engine driven by a difference in water pressures as the driving force which moves the operating pistons.
• the engine is, according to this example of constructing, comprised of two identical operating cylinders 1 and 2 with changing volumes, which are by connecting tubes 52 and 53 connected to the water tank 54 in the form of a high water tower.
• the device displayed only has one pair of adverse constructed cylinders 1 and 2; however, the engine driven by the water pressure from the water tower 54, in cases when it is necessary to do so in order to increase the engine power, can operate with more pairs, even tens of the pairs of cylinders in the same way as if it were a two-cylinder engine.
• the assemblies for the synchronization of the engine operation, the correction of movement of the walls 9 of the cylinders and the change in the operating area of the operating pistons 1 1 and 12 are also connected to each pair of the operating cylinders 1 and 2 in the same manner as if it were a two-cylinder engine.
• One water tower can be connected to more devices displayed in the Figure 11 in order to use the water to the maximum.
• the advantage of the caulk ring in water engines is in the fact that there are no problems in refilling water by any kinds of pumps that would be consumers of part of the produced energy, because natural water resources are used.
• the caulkering represents a significantly smaller problem, which arises from the fact that the ratio of the water viscosity towards air viscosity is 1 :1000, which makes tightness more easily solvable technically. It should be stressed that the level of water in the tower in this case insignificantly changes, so that the changes in the cylinders take place with only the losses caused by friction.
• the patent is convenient for batch production, and its application is recommended for the production of driving devices which have to fulfil high ecological criteria.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
• Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
• Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
• Hydraulic Motors (AREA)
• Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=44512300

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Citations (3)

• 2010
  • 2010-03-22 RS RSMP-2010/0024U patent/RS1179U/en unknown
• 2011
  • 2011-03-15 WO PCT/RS2011/000004 patent/WO2011119061A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2011-03-15 PL PL11725219T patent/PL2550433T3/pl unknown
  • 2011-03-15 RS RS20160070A patent/RS54556B1/en unknown
  • 2011-03-15 EP EP11725219.7A patent/EP2550433B1/de active Active

Patent Citations (3)

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