WO2011118406A1 - 可燃性ガス濃縮方法 - Google Patents
可燃性ガス濃縮方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011118406A1 WO2011118406A1 PCT/JP2011/055655 JP2011055655W WO2011118406A1 WO 2011118406 A1 WO2011118406 A1 WO 2011118406A1 JP 2011055655 W JP2011055655 W JP 2011055655W WO 2011118406 A1 WO2011118406 A1 WO 2011118406A1
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- Prior art keywords
- gas
- adsorption
- adsorption tower
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- pressure
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 193
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 277
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 78
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- FXGNPUJCPZJYKO-TYYBGVCCSA-L copper;(e)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O FXGNPUJCPZJYKO-TYYBGVCCSA-L 0.000 description 1
- TXCPKZDVEVUCFU-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;cyclohexane-1,1-dicarboxylate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)C1(C([O-])=O)CCCCC1 TXCPKZDVEVUCFU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZISLUDLMVNEAHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;terephthalate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 ZISLUDLMVNEAHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
- C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
- B01D53/053—Pressure swing adsorption with storage or buffer vessel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/24—Hydrocarbons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
- B01D2259/40007—Controlling pressure or temperature swing adsorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
- B01D2259/40011—Methods relating to the process cycle in pressure or temperature swing adsorption
- B01D2259/40035—Equalization
- B01D2259/40037—Equalization with two sub-steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
- B01D2259/402—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using two beds
Definitions
- the present invention includes an adsorbing tower having a gas inflow portion for supplying a raw material gas, a gas outflow portion for exhausting exhaust gas, and a gas recovery portion for recovering product gas, which are filled with an adsorbent that selectively adsorbs a combustible gas.
- a pressure equalizing path that connects the adsorption towers, and a pressure equalizing path opening / closing valve that opens and closes the pressure equalizing path is provided in the pressure equalizing path, (1)
- the present invention relates to a flammable gas concentration method in which a pressure equalizing step is performed in a state where a pressure path opening / closing valve is opened.
- the combustible gas may explode, and if the combustible gas is contained in the raw material gas or the like in a predetermined concentration range, it may explode.
- the concentration range where this explosion may occur varies depending on the type of combustible gas, but is generally a range containing about 5 to 20 Vol% of combustible gas. Even in the case of methane gas, there is a possibility of explosion in the same concentration range.
- the possibility of explosion of the combustible gas is considered to be explosive when the source gas contains oxygen gas at a predetermined concentration in addition to the concentration of the combustible gas.
- This concentration range is a range in which oxygen gas is contained in an amount of 10 Vol% or more.
- the concentrated methane gas has a relatively high concentration (methane concentration of about 60 Vol%) and is outside the explosion concentration range.
- methane gas is contained at a relatively low concentration (methane concentration of 44 Vol% or less) in the off-gas after extracting methane gas to some extent from coal mine gas (methane concentration of about 44 Vol%, oxygen gas concentration of about 12 Vol%).
- the off gas contains oxygen gas at a predetermined concentration (oxygen gas concentration of about 12 Vol% or more), any concentration of methane gas and oxygen gas may fall within the explosion concentration range. Therefore, there is a problem that the off gas may explode.
- the raw material gas is usually introduced from the gas inflow portion.
- the remaining gas after adsorption is caused to flow out from the gas outflow portion provided on the opposite side.
- the adsorption management in this adsorption process is managed by paying attention to the concentration of the combustible gas in the off-gas released to the outside from the relationship with the explosion limit described above. For example, from the relationship with the amount of adsorbent stored in the adsorption tower, the adsorption time during which the concentration of the combustible gas released as off-gas falls below the explosion limit is obtained in advance.
- the inside of the adsorption tower after the adsorption step is in a pressurized state by the supplied raw material gas. Further, combustible gas is mainly adsorbed on the adsorbent, and a gas containing a gas (mainly air) other than the combustible gas as an impurity exists in the remaining space in the adsorption tower.
- the combustible gas adsorbed in the adsorption tower in this way is taken out from the gas recovery path in the desorption process.
- the gas desorbed from the adsorbent at the initial stage of the desorption process contains a gas other than a combustible gas as an impurity. Therefore, in order to obtain a highly pure combustible gas, it is preferable not to recover this gas as a product gas, but if possible, further purify and take out the combustible gas. Thereby, while improving the purity of product gas, the recovery rate of combustible gas can be raised.
- the inside of the adsorption tower after the adsorption step is in a high pressure state.
- the inside of the adsorption tower after the desorption process is in a state where the combustible gas has been completely exhausted, and thus the degree of decompression is extremely high.
- the adsorption step is next performed in the adsorption tower that has undergone the desorption step, the state in which the flammable gas can be adsorbed while gradually increasing the pressure from the high degree of decompression is prepared, and the flammable gas in the current gas is prepared. It moves to the operation of adsorbing.
- the adsorption tower (hereinafter referred to as the first one) is completed.
- the gas desorbed from the adsorbent hereinafter referred to as the initial desorption gas
- the adsorption tower hereinafter referred to as the second adsorption tower
- the combustible gas contained in the initial desorption gas can be supplied to the second adsorption tower and used for the subsequent adsorption step.
- the concentration of combustible gas recovered in the subsequent desorption process can be increased, and in the second adsorption tower, the initial desorption also serves as a pressure increase for shifting to the adsorption process.
- the combustible gas can be recovered from the gas (so-called pressure equalization step) (see Patent Document 1).
- the initial desorption gas supplied from the first adsorption tower to the second adsorption tower is the second pressure most reduced from the first adsorption tower pressurized to the maximum. It flows into the adsorption tower. Therefore, at the beginning of the pressure equalization process, the pressurized initial desorbed gas instantaneously flows at high speed into the second adsorption tower.
- Such a pressure equalization process is a process for refining and concentrating combustible gas, in which product gas is not recovered, so to speak, a process that lowers productivity, so that the maximum effect is achieved in a short time. Is required. Therefore, in the pressure equalization process, there is a strong tendency to transfer the initial desorbed gas in a relatively short time. Therefore, the flow rate of the initial desorption gas supplied from the first adsorption tower to the second adsorption tower is further increased.
- the flow of the initial desorbed gas that has flowed into the adsorption tower is supplied to the adsorbent in the second adsorption tower, which causes the adsorbent to fluidize, deteriorate, and be pulverized.
- an object of the present invention is to suppress deterioration and powdering of the adsorbent without extending the time required for the pressure equalization step when concentrating a combustible gas.
- the characteristic configuration of the present invention for solving the above-described problems includes a gas inflow part for supplying a raw material gas, a gas outflow part for exhausting the exhaust gas, and a gas recovery part for recovering the product gas.
- An adsorption process in which a raw material gas is supplied from a gas inflow part to the adsorption tower, a combustible gas in the raw material gas is adsorbed by the adsorbent, and a non-adsorbed gas to the adsorbent is caused to flow out from the gas outflow part , (2) alternately performing a desorption step of desorbing the combustible gas adsorbed on the adsorbent from the adsorbent
- the pressure process is performed.
- the flow path different from the pressure equalization path is provided at a position facing the connection position of the pressure equalization path of the second adsorption tower.
- the initial desorption gas that subsequently flows into the second adsorption tower is in a relatively rectified state. It will flow into the second adsorption tower. Therefore, there are few factors that fluidize the adsorbent, and the buffer gas must not be continuously supplied during the pressure equalization step. In the present application, since the buffer gas is introduced only at the start of the pressure equalization step by performing the preliminary pressure equalization step, a small amount of buffer gas needs to be input to the second adsorption tower. Therefore, the subsequent adsorption process is not hindered.
- the supplied gas is changed in the pressure equalizing step.
- the gas flowing into the second adsorption tower (hereinafter referred to as initial desorption gas) flows into the second adsorption tower from the opposite direction. That is, the initial desorbed gas in the first adsorption tower in the pressure equalization step flows into the second adsorption tower in a direction opposite to the buffer gas when flowing into the second adsorption tower.
- the pressure equalizing path is connected to the lower part of the adsorption tower, the gas outflow part is provided in the upper part of the adsorption tower, and a gas supply part for supplying gas from the gas outflow part into the adsorption tower is provided. preferable.
- a combustible gas concentrating device (hereinafter abbreviated as a PSA device) used in the combustible gas concentrating method of the present invention will be described.
- PSA device a combustible gas concentrating device used in the combustible gas concentrating method of the present invention. Preferred examples are described below, but these examples are described in order to more specifically illustrate the present invention, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the following description.
- the PSA apparatus of the present invention includes first and second adsorption towers U1 and U2 filled with adsorbents a1 and a2, respectively, and each gas path connected to each adsorption tower U1 and U2.
- the control device C is configured to control opening and closing of the on-off valves V1 to V5 provided in L1 to L5.
- each adsorption tower U1, U2 is provided with the raw material gas supply path L1 which supplies raw material gas to each adsorption tower U1, U2 as a gas path.
- an off-gas release path L2 for releasing the remaining gas (off gas) to the outside is provided.
- a product gas recovery path L3 for recovering a product gas, which is a concentrated gas recovered from the first and second adsorption towers U1 and U2, in the product tank T3 is provided.
- a pressure equalizing path L4 for performing a pressure equalizing process described later is provided between the first and second adsorption towers U1 and U2, and air as a buffer gas is supplied to the off-gas discharge path L2 in the first and second An air supply path L5 for supplying to the two adsorption towers U1 and U2 is joined and connected.
- the product gas is in a pressurized state (inside of the product tank T3, the combustible gas adsorbed by the adsorbents a1 and a2 from the first and second adsorption towers U1 and U2 by the vacuum pump P3 provided in the recovery path L3. It can be recovered in the product tank T3. And when supplying from this product tank T3 to the 1st, 2nd adsorption towers U1 and U2 via the air supply path L5, the density
- the source gas in the present application is a gas containing a combustible gas and air, but may be a coal mine gas containing methane gas and air, for example.
- the flammable gas is not particularly limited as long as it is a flammable gas.
- methane gas contained in the coal mine gas can be used.
- the coal mine gas is a gas generated from the coal mine and varies depending on the conditions, but the coal mine gas contains about 20 to 40 Vol% of methane gas and about 60 to 80 Vol% of air (mainly containing nitrogen gas and oxygen gas). include.
- the raw material gas can be fed into each adsorption tower U1, U2 in the pressure state, for example, mine gas recovered from the mine.
- the first and second adsorption towers U1 and U2 are configured by filling the adsorbents a1 and a2 into the cylindrical container.
- the first and second adsorption towers U1 and U2 are respectively provided with a gas inflow portion 1, a gas outflow portion 2, a gas recovery portion 3 and a pressure equalization portion 4, and gas passages L1 to L2 through which gas flows in and out, respectively. L5 etc. are connected.
- the gas inflow section 1 is connected to a raw material gas supply path L1
- the gas outflow section 2 is connected to an off-gas discharge path L2 and an air supply path L5
- the gas recovery section 3 is connected to a product gas recovery path L3.
- the pressure equalizing section 4 is connected to a pressure equalizing path L4.
- the source gas supply path L1 is provided with a source gas supply pump P1 and on-off valves V1, V10, V11, and V12.
- the off-gas release path L2 is provided with on-off valves V2, V20, V21, V22 and a press-in pump P2 for storing off-gas in the off-gas tank T2.
- On-off valves V31 and V32 and a vacuum pump P3 are provided in the product gas recovery path L3.
- the pressure equalizing path L4 is provided with a pressure equalizing path opening / closing valve V4.
- the air supply path L5 is provided with an on-off valve V5 and a buffer gas supply pump P5.
- the adsorbents a1 and a2 are not particularly limited as long as the flammable gas can be selectively adsorbed, but the adsorbents a1 and a2 have an average pore diameter of 0.45 to 1.5 nm by the MP method, atmospheric pressure and Methane that is at least one selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, zeolite, silica gel, and organometallic complexes (copper fumarate, copper terephthalate, copper cyclohexanedicarboxylate, etc.) having an adsorption amount of methane gas under 298K of 20 Nml / g or more Adsorbents a1 and a2 may be used.
- the average pore diameter is preferably 0.45 to 1.0 nm, more preferably 0.5 to 0.95 nm, and the methane adsorption amount is preferably 25 Nml / g or more.
- such activated carbon is a carbonaceous material obtained by pulverizing coconut shell or coconut shell charcoal that has been completely carbonized in nitrogen gas at 600 ° C. to a particle size of 1 to 3 mm, and a batch having an inner diameter of 50 mm. It is obtained by activating at 860 ° C. in an atmosphere of 10 to 15% by volume of steam, 15 to 20% by volume of carbon dioxide, and the balance being nitrogen using a fluid flow activation furnace.
- adsorbents a1 and a2 capable of selectively adsorbing methane gas at atmospheric pressure and 298K as the adsorbents a1 and a2
- methane gas can be sufficiently absorbed at atmospheric pressure and 298K. Can be adsorbed.
- the methane adsorption performance at low pressure is reduced, and the methane concentration of methane gas after concentration is reduced, and the adsorption performance
- the amount of adsorbents a1 and a2 needs to be increased, and the apparatus becomes larger.
- the upper limit of the methane adsorption amount is not particularly limited, but the methane adsorption amount of the adsorbents a1 and a2 obtained at present is about 40 Nml / g or less.
- the average pore diameter in the MP method when the average pore diameter in the MP method is smaller than 0.45 nm, the adsorption amount of oxygen gas and nitrogen gas increases, the methane concentration in the methane gas after concentration decreases, or the average pore diameter becomes the methane molecular diameter. The adsorption speed becomes slower and the methane adsorption performance decreases or no adsorption occurs.
- the average pore diameter in the MP method is larger than 1.5 nm, the methane adsorption performance at low pressure (especially about atmospheric pressure) will be reduced, and the methane concentration of the concentrated methane gas will be reduced and the adsorption performance will be maintained. In order to achieve this, the amount of adsorbents a1 and a2 needs to be increased, which increases the size of the apparatus.
- adsorbents a1 and a2 that are at least one of them are preferable.
- the methane adsorbents a1 and a2 may have a pore volume of 1.0 nm or less of an average pore diameter in the HK method of 50% or more of the total pore volume, preferably 70% or more, More preferably, 80% or more is good.
- the pore volume having an average pore diameter of 1.0 nm or less capable of selectively adsorbing methane gas accounts for 50% or more of the total pore volume, it is under atmospheric pressure (about 0.1 MPa).
- the methane gas can be adsorbed sufficiently even under atmospheric pressure by increasing the adsorbable amount of methane gas.
- the pore volume having an average pore diameter of 0.4 nm to 1.0 nm, which is a measurable range, may be 50% or more of the total pore volume. More preferably, the methane adsorbents a1 and a2 have a pore volume with an average pore diameter of 0.45 nm to 1.0 nm of 50% or more of the total pore volume.
- the nitrogen adsorption amount under a relative pressure of 0.013 corresponding to an average pore diameter of 1.0 nm by the HK method is the total pore volume. It is good that it is 50% or more of the nitrogen adsorption amount under the relative pressure 0.99 corresponding to the above, preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more.
- the adsorption amount at a relative pressure of 0.99 indicates the total pore volume
- the adsorption amount at a relative pressure of 0.013 indicates a pore volume of 1.0 nm or less
- the ratio of the respective values is 1 as described above. This indicates that the ratio of pores of 0.0 nm or less is large. As a result, even when a mixed gas of methane gas and air is used as a raw material gas, the methane gas can be easily and efficiently concentrated near atmospheric pressure.
- a combustible gas concentration method in each of the adsorption towers U1 and U2 will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the first adsorption tower U1 will be described as an example, and the corresponding gas passages L1 to L5 and on-off valves V1 to V5 are used for the second adsorption tower U2, and the same operation can be performed. This is omitted as it is clear.
- valves V1 to V5 and the gas flow paths L1 to L5 are shown in black and bold lines, and the valves V1 to V5 not related to the closed state or the process and the gas flow path L1 in the gas flow state are shown.
- ⁇ L5 is outlined and shown with thin lines.
- ⁇ Adsorption process> In this adsorption step, as shown in FIG. 2A, the raw material gas is guided to the first adsorption tower U1, and the remaining gas is released to the outside with the combustible gas adsorbed on the adsorbent a1.
- the on-off valves V1, V11 in the source gas supply path L1 and the on-off valves V2, V21 in the off-gas discharge path L2 are opened, the on-off valve V10 in the source gas supply path L1, the on-off valve V20 in the off-gas discharge path L2, and the product gas.
- the on-off valve V31 in the recovery path L3 and the pressure equalizing path on-off valve V4 in the pressure equalizing path L4 are closed.
- the flammable gas is adsorbed by the adsorbent a1, and the remaining impurity gas can be discharged as off-gas.
- This adsorption process is performed for 120 seconds.
- the desorption process is performed in the second adsorption tower U2.
- the combustible gas is adsorbed by the adsorbent a1, and the impurity gas is concentrated in the remaining space.
- the impurity gas is mixed into the product gas, and the impurity gas adsorbed on the adsorbent a1 tends to desorb preferentially over the combustible gas.
- the impurity gas contained in the gas initially desorbed from the material a1 is also mixed into the product gas.
- the first and second adsorption towers U1 and U2 are in communication with each other to allow gas to flow between the adsorption towers U1 and U2. And equalize pressure between the two. That is, the pressure equalizing step can be executed by opening the pressure equalizing path opening / closing valve V4 of the pressure equalizing path L4 and closing all the other opening / closing valves V11, V21, V31.
- the impurity gas adsorbed by the adsorbent a1 is almost desorbed inside the first adsorption tower U1, and is discharged to the second adsorption tower U2 as the initial desorption gas together with the impurity gas existing in the remaining space. Will be. Further, the internal pressure of the first adsorption tower U1 is reduced to some extent, and becomes suitable for the desorption process. This pressure equalization process is performed for 20 seconds.
- a preliminary pressure equalization process and a main pressure equalization process are performed as pressure equalization processes.
- the pressure equalizing step in the second adsorption tower is performed prior to the main pressure equalizing step, in which a preliminary pressure equalizing step is performed in which air is supplied as a buffer gas through the gas discharge passage L2.
- a main pressure equalization process is performed in which the buffer gas is stopped from flowing and pressure is equalized (see FIG. 2C).
- the adsorbed combustible gas is evacuated through the recovery path L3 from the adsorbent a1 stored in the adsorption tower U1. to recover.
- the vacuum pump P3 provided in the product gas recovery path L3 is operated to open only the on-off valve V31 in the product gas recovery path L3 and close the remaining on-off valves V11, V21, V4.
- Desorption process can be performed. By executing such evacuation, methane adsorbed on the adsorbent a can be recovered in the product tank T3. This desorption process is performed for 140 seconds.
- the pressurization step (FIG. 2 (d)) and the adsorption step (FIG. 3 (e)) are sequentially performed.
- Preliminary pressure equalization process Although the inside of the first adsorption tower U1 that has undergone the desorption process is in a high pressure reduction state, it is necessary to return to a pressure state suitable for performing the adsorption process next. Therefore, the first and second adsorption towers U1 and U2 are brought into a communication state, gas is allowed to flow between both adsorption towers U1 and U2, and pressure equalization is performed between the two.
- the mixed gas of the impurity gas and the combustible gas in the second adsorption tower U2 is caused to flow into the first adsorption tower U1, the re-recovery of the combustible gas derived from the second adsorption tower U2, and the first adsorption tower.
- Boost U1 the mixed gas of the impurity gas and the combustible gas in the second adsorption tower U2 is caused to flow into the first adsorption tower U1, the re-recovery of the combustible gas derived from the second adsorption tower U2, and the first adsorption tower.
- the difference between the internal pressure of the first adsorption tower U1 immediately after the completion of the desorption process and the internal pressure of the second adsorption tower U1 immediately after the completion of the adsorption process is high.
- the gas flows into the first adsorption tower U1 at a high speed.
- the adsorbent a1 may be fluidized, deteriorated, and powdered due to the gas flow speed and disturbance. Therefore, prior to the pressure equalization step, a preliminary pressure equalization step is performed at the start of the pressure equalization step.
- the initial desorbed gas from the second adsorption tower U2 is received through the pressure equalizing path, and the air as the buffer gas is increased from the gas outflow portion 2. Inflow at the same time at atmospheric pressure. That is, the on-off valves V20 and V21 in the gas outflow portion 2, the on-off valve V5 of the air supply path L5 are opened, the on-off valve V11 of the source gas supply path L1, the on-off valve V2 of the off-gas discharge path L2, and the product gas recovery path L3.
- the on-off valve V31 is closed, air is supplied from the buffer gas supply pump P5 through the air supply path L5, and the pressure equalizing path on-off valve V4 of the pressure equalizing path L4 is opened, so that the initial from the second adsorption tower U2 Accept desorption gas and perform pressure equalization.
- the vertical pressure difference of the first adsorption tower U1 supplies the buffer gas.
- the vertical pressure difference of the first adsorption tower U1 supplies the buffer gas.
- the pressure equalization process is started in parallel with the preliminary pressure equalization process.
- the first and second adsorption towers U1 and U2 are in communication, and only gas flow between the adsorption towers U1 and U2 is allowed. Perform pressure equalization in between. That is, the main pressure equalizing step can be executed by opening the pressure equalizing path opening / closing valve V4 of the pressure equalizing path L4 and closing all the other opening / closing valves V11, V21, V31. At this time, the pressure equalizing step is also performed in the second adsorption tower U2.
- the preliminary pressure equalizing step and the main pressure equalizing step in the first adsorption tower U1 are performed for about 20 seconds in the second adsorption tower U2, whereas the preliminary pressure equalizing step is 2 seconds and the main pressure equalizing step. Perform as 18 seconds.
- the pressurizing step as shown in FIG. 3 (h), air is press-fitted into the first adsorption tower U1 from the air supply unit 5 to increase the pressure in the first adsorption tower U1 to about atmospheric pressure. That is, the on-off valves V21, V20, V5 are opened and the other on-off valves V11, V31, V4 are closed to increase the pressure in the first adsorption tower U1.
- This boosting step is performed for 20 seconds.
- a 320 second time cycle is repeated including an adsorption step of 120 seconds, a pressure equalization step of 20 seconds, a desorption step of 140 seconds, a preliminary pressure equalization step of 2 seconds, a main pressure equalization step of 18 seconds, and a pressure increase step of 20 seconds.
- the configuration includes an adsorption step of 120 seconds, a pressure equalization step of 20 seconds, a desorption step of 140 seconds, a preliminary pressure equalization step of 2 seconds, a main pressure equalization step of 18 seconds, and a pressure increase step of 20 seconds.
- the time cycle was alternately performed in the two columns, but each step can be performed alternately or sequentially in the multiple columns.
- the pressure increasing process is performed as a preliminary process of the adsorption process, it is not essential in the present invention and is applicable to any apparatus system in which the pressure equalizing process is performed while the adsorption process and the desorption process are alternately performed. be able to.
- the gas used in the pre-pressure equalizing process and the pressure increasing process contributes to improving the product purity if it is a product gas, and contributes to improving the product yield if it is air or the like.
- it can also be performed by off-gas stored in the off-gas tank T2, semi-finished gas, raw material gas, or the like.
- the gas when supplying gas from the product tank T3 or the off-gas tank T2, there is also an advantage that the gas can be supplied using the internal pressure of the tanks T2 and T3, which leads to reduction in power of the pump P2.
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Abstract
Description
(1)ガス流入部から前記吸着塔へ原料ガスを供給し、原料ガス中の可燃性ガスを前記吸着材に吸着させるとともに、前記ガス流出部から前記吸着材に対する非吸着ガスを流出させる吸着工程、
(2)前記吸着材に吸着した可燃性ガスを前記吸着材から脱着させて、前記ガス回収部より外部に取り出す脱着工程、を交互に実行するとともに、
(3)前記均圧路で接続された一対の吸着塔間で、一方の吸着塔における前記吸着工程の後で、かつ他方の吸着塔における前記脱着工程の後に、前記均圧路に設けた均圧路開閉弁を開成した状態で均圧工程を行う可燃性ガス濃縮方法に関する。
上記課題を解決するための本発明の特徴構成は、原料ガスを供給するガス流入部、排ガスを流出するガス流出部、製品ガスを回収するガス回収部を備え、内部に可燃性ガスを選択的に吸着する吸着材を充填した吸着塔を複数備え、前記吸着塔間を接続する均圧路を設けるとともに、前記均圧路に、均圧路を開閉する均圧路開閉弁を設け、
(1)ガス流入部から前記吸着塔へ原料ガスを供給し、原料ガス中の可燃性ガスを前記吸着材に吸着させるとともに、前記ガス流出部から前記吸着材に対する非吸着ガスを流出させる吸着工程、
(2)前記吸着材に吸着した可燃性ガスを前記吸着材から脱着させて、前記ガス回収部より外部に取り出す脱着工程、を交互に実行するとともに、
(3)前記均圧路で接続された一対の吸着塔間で、一方の吸着塔(以下第一吸着塔という)における前記吸着工程の後で、かつ他方の吸着塔(以下第二吸着塔という)における前記脱着工程の後に、前記均圧路に設けた均圧路開閉弁を開成した状態で均圧工程を行う可燃性ガス濃縮方法であって、
前記第二吸着塔における均圧工程の開始時に、前記第二吸着塔に前記均圧路の接続位置とは異なる位置から前記第二吸着塔にガス(以下緩衝ガスと称する)を供給する予備均圧工程を行う点にある。
尚、前記均圧路と別の流路は、前記第二吸着塔の前記均圧路の接続位置に対向する位置に設けることが好ましい。
つまり、上記構成によれば、吸着前記均圧路で接続された第一、第二吸着塔間で、第一吸着塔における前記吸着工程の後で、かつ第二吸着塔における前記脱着工程の後に、前記均圧路に設けた均圧路開閉弁を開成した状態で均圧工程を行う(第一吸着塔における均圧工程にあわせて第二吸着塔で均圧工程の初期に予備均圧工程を行う)ことができ、効率よく可燃性ガス濃縮を行うことができる。
即ち、前記均圧工程で前記第一吸着塔における初期脱離ガスは、前記第二吸着塔に流入する際に、前記緩衝ガスと対向する方向で前記第二吸着塔に流入することになる。すると、前記初期脱離ガスの流れと、前記緩衝ガスとの流れは、互いに打ち消しあって、前記第二吸着塔に流入する初期脱離ガスの流速は、減速される。そのため、前記初期脱離ガスの流れが、前記吸着材に高速で衝突し、乱流を起こしつつ、前記吸着材を流動化して劣化、粉化を促進するという現象が緩和される。
尚、前記均圧路を、前記吸着塔下部に接続するとともに、前記ガス流出部を前記吸着塔上部に設け、前記ガス流出部から前記吸着塔内へガスを供給するガス供給部を設けることが好ましい。
すなわち、均圧路と、前記ガス供給部とは、対向する位置に設けることにより互いの流れが相殺されて、吸着材を流動化して劣化、粉化を促進するという現象を緩和する。これに加えて、均圧路とガス供給路とを、吸着塔の上下両側に分配配置すると、前記初期脱離ガスと前記緩衝ガスとが直接的に衝突して、前記吸着塔内に乱流を形成するような状況は発生しにくく、尚一層前記吸着材を流動化する要因を排除することができる。
本願における原料ガスは、可燃性ガスと空気とを含むガスであるが、例えばメタンガスと空気とを含む炭鉱ガスとすることもできる。また、可燃性ガスとしては、可燃性の気体であれば特に制限されないが、例えば炭鉱ガスに含まれるメタンガスとすることもできる。なお、炭鉱ガスとは炭鉱から発生するガスであり、条件により異なるが、炭鉱ガス中には、メタンガス20~40Vol%程度、空気(主として窒素ガス、酸素ガスが含まれる)60~80Vol%程度が含まれている。
前記第一、第二吸着塔U1、U2は、筒状容器内部に吸着材a1、a2を充填して構成されている。この第一、第二吸着塔U1、U2には、それぞれ、ガス流入部1、ガス流出部2、ガス回収部3、均圧部4を設けて、それぞれにガス流入、流出させるガス路L1~L5等を接続して構成される。
吸着材a1、a2は、可燃性ガスを選択的に吸着できれば、特に制限されないが、吸着材a1、a2として、MP法による平均細孔直径が0.45~1.5nmで、かつ大気圧および298K下におけるメタンガス吸着量が20Nml/g以上である活性炭、ゼオライト、シリカゲルおよび有機金属錯体(フマル酸銅、テレフタル酸銅、シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸銅など)からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つであるメタンの吸着材a1、a2を用いるとよい。なお、上記平均細孔直径として好ましくは、0.45~1.0nm、より好ましくは、0.5~0.95nmがよく、また、上記メタン吸着量が好ましくは、25Nml/g以上がよい。例えば、このような活性炭は、椰子殻または椰子殻炭を窒素ガス中において600℃で完全に炭化した炭化物を粒径1~3mmの大きさに破砕したものを炭素質材料とし、内径50mmのバッチ式流動賦活炉を用いて、水蒸気10~15Vol%、二酸化炭素15~20Vol%および残余が窒素である雰囲気下において、860℃で賦活することにより得られる。
以下、各吸着塔U1、U2における可燃性ガス濃縮方法について、図2~3を用いて説明する。尚、吸着塔U1、U2としては、第一吸着塔U1を例に説明し、第二吸着塔U2についても対応するガス路L1~L5、開閉弁V1~V5が用いられ、同様の動作が行えることは明らかであるものとして省略する。尚、各図中、開状態の弁V1~V5およびガス流通状態のガス路L1~L5を黒塗り、太線で示し、閉状態または工程に無関係な弁V1~V5およびガス流通状態のガス路L1~L5を白抜き、細線で示している。
この吸着工程では、図2(a)に示すように、原料ガスを第一吸着塔U1に導き、可燃性ガスを吸着材a1に吸着させた状態で、残余のガスを外部に放出する。このとき、原料ガス供給路L1における開閉弁V1、V11、オフガス放出路L2における開閉弁V2、V21を開とし、原料ガス供給路L1における開閉弁V10、オフガス放出路L2における開閉弁V20、製品ガス回収路L3における開閉弁V31、均圧路L4における均圧路開閉弁V4を閉とする。
吸着状態の第一吸着塔U1内は、吸着材a1に可燃性ガスが吸着され、残余の空間に不純物ガスが濃縮されて存在する状態になっている。この状態で脱着工程を行うと、前記不純物ガスが製品ガスに混入するとともに、吸着材a1に吸着してしまった不純物ガスは、可燃性ガスよりも優先的に脱離する傾向にあるから、吸着材a1から初期に脱着されるガス中に含まれる不純物ガスも製品ガス中に混入してしまうことになる。
この脱着工程では、図2(d)、図3(e)に示すように、吸着塔U1内に収納される吸着材a1から、吸着された可燃性ガスを回収路L3を経て真空引きして回収する。このとき、前記製品ガス回収路L3に備えられる真空ポンプP3を働かせて、製品ガス回収路L3における開閉弁V31のみを開とし、残余の開閉弁V11、V21、V4を閉とすることで、この脱着工程を実施できる。このような真空引きを実行することで、吸着材aに吸着されたメタンを製品タンクT3内に回収できる。この脱着工程は140秒間行われる。
脱着工程を経た第一吸着塔U1内は高い減圧状態にあるが、次に吸着工程を行わせるのに適した圧力状態に戻す必要がある。そこで、第一、第二吸着塔U1、U2を連通状態として、両吸着塔U1、U2間でガスの流通を許容し、両者間の均圧を実施する。これにより、第二吸着塔U2内の不純物ガスと可燃性ガスとの混合ガスを前記第一吸着塔U1に流入させ、第二吸着塔U2由来の可燃性ガスの再回収と、第一吸着塔U1の昇圧を行う。
予備均圧工程を経ると、前記第一吸着塔U1に流入する初期脱離ガスは整流されるので、緩衝ガスの流入を止めても、吸着材の流動化が抑制された状態になる。そこで、前記予備均圧工程を経た第一吸着塔U1は、主均圧工程に移行させられる。
脱着工程後の第一吸着塔U1で次に吸着工程を行った際に、前記吸着材が有効に可燃性ガスを吸着し始める圧力は、大気圧程度であるが、初期脱離ガス中の可燃性ガス濃度が十分高くなるまでの期間だけの前記均圧工程では、十分な圧力上昇を見こめない。そこで、均圧工程による昇圧とは別途、第一吸着塔U1にガス供給して圧力を上昇させる昇圧工程を行う。
前の実施例では2塔で交互にタイムサイクルを行ったが、さらに多数塔で交互あるいは順次各工程を行うことができる。また、昇圧工程は吸着工程の予備的な工程として行ったが、本発明では必須ではなく、吸着工程、脱着工程が交互に行われる間に均圧工程の行われる装置系であれば、適用することができる。
U2 第二吸着塔
a1、a2 メタン吸着材
L1 原料ガス供給路
L2 オフガス放出路
L3 製品ガス回収路
L4 均圧路
V4 均圧路開閉弁
L5 エア供給路
T3 製品タンク
P3 真空ポンプ
Claims (2)
- 原料ガスを供給するガス流入部、排ガスを流出するガス流出部、製品ガスを回収するガス回収部を備え、内部に可燃性ガスを選択的に吸着する吸着材を充填した吸着塔を複数備え、前記吸着塔間を接続する均圧路を設けるとともに、前記均圧路に、均圧路を開閉する均圧路開閉弁を設け、
ガス流入部から前記吸着塔へ原料ガスを供給し、原料ガス中の可燃性ガスを前記吸着材に吸着させるとともに、前記ガス流出部から前記吸着材に対する非吸着ガスを流出させる吸着工程、
前記吸着材に吸着した可燃性ガスを前記吸着材から脱着させて、前記ガス回収部より外部に取り出す脱着工程、
を交互に実行するとともに、
前記均圧路で接続された一対の吸着塔間で、一方の吸着塔における前記吸着工程の後で、かつ他方の吸着塔における前記脱着工程の後に、前記均圧路に設けた均圧路開閉弁を開成した状態で均圧工程を行う
可燃性ガス濃縮方法であって、
前記他方の吸着塔における均圧工程の開始時に、前記他方の吸着塔に前記均圧路の接続位置とは異なる位置から前記他方の吸着塔にガスを供給する予備均圧工程を行う可燃性ガス濃縮方法。 - 前記均圧路を、前記吸着塔下部に接続するとともに、前記ガス流出部を前記吸着塔上部に設け、前記ガス流出部から前記吸着塔内へガスを供給するガス供給部を設けた請求項1に記載の可燃性ガス濃縮方法。
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2011
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- 2011-03-10 RU RU2012145090/05A patent/RU2550899C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-03-10 AU AU2011230824A patent/AU2011230824B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-03-10 CN CN201180015342.5A patent/CN102821826B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-03-10 PL PL402400A patent/PL220637B1/pl unknown
- 2011-03-10 US US13/636,395 patent/US8974575B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-10-03 UA UAA201210996A patent/UA106650C2/uk unknown
Patent Citations (3)
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JPH01288313A (ja) * | 1988-05-12 | 1989-11-20 | Yutaka Noguchi | 気体分離方法 |
JPH08173746A (ja) * | 1994-12-27 | 1996-07-09 | Nippon Sanso Kk | 圧力変動吸着分離方法 |
JP2001187309A (ja) * | 1999-11-03 | 2001-07-10 | Praxair Technol Inc | 水素製造のための圧力変動吸着法 |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014136645A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-04 | 2014-09-12 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | メタンガス濃縮方法 |
JP2014169383A (ja) * | 2013-03-04 | 2014-09-18 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | メタンガス濃縮方法 |
AU2014227178B2 (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2017-10-19 | Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. | Methane gas concentration method |
US9944575B2 (en) | 2013-03-04 | 2018-04-17 | Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. | Methane gas concentration method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2011230824A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
PL220637B1 (pl) | 2015-11-30 |
CN102821826A (zh) | 2012-12-12 |
US20130125466A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
JP5537208B2 (ja) | 2014-07-02 |
PL402400A1 (pl) | 2013-07-22 |
RU2012145090A (ru) | 2014-04-27 |
RU2550899C2 (ru) | 2015-05-20 |
US8974575B2 (en) | 2015-03-10 |
AU2011230824B2 (en) | 2015-04-09 |
JP2011201969A (ja) | 2011-10-13 |
CN102821826B (zh) | 2015-07-08 |
UA106650C2 (uk) | 2014-09-25 |
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