WO2011118042A1 - チャコールフィルターおよびシガレット - Google Patents
チャコールフィルターおよびシガレット Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011118042A1 WO2011118042A1 PCT/JP2010/055460 JP2010055460W WO2011118042A1 WO 2011118042 A1 WO2011118042 A1 WO 2011118042A1 JP 2010055460 W JP2010055460 W JP 2010055460W WO 2011118042 A1 WO2011118042 A1 WO 2011118042A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- activated carbon
- charcoal filter
- filter
- paper
- charcoal
- Prior art date
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
- A24D3/163—Carbon
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28026—Particles within, immobilised, dispersed, entrapped in or on a matrix, e.g. a resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
- B01D2239/0407—Additives and treatments of the filtering material comprising particulate additives, e.g. adsorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
- B01D2239/1241—Particle diameter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/18—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being cellulose or derivatives thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a charcoal filter in which activated carbon is externally added to the surface of activated carbon-containing paper and a cigarette using the charcoal filter.
- VOC volatile organic compounds
- activated carbon is used to increase the VOC reduction capability.
- a charcoal filter is installed to reduce the VOC with activated carbon, while a section to release the fragrance is provided to suppress the dilution of the fragrance. It is effective to do.
- the functions required for the charcoal filter are as follows. That is, (1) High VOC reduction capability per filter length, (2) The filtration performance of tar and nicotine is high, and (3) The production process is simple and low-cost.
- the main charcoal filter forms are acetate charcoal filter, paper charcoal filter with activated carbon added on the surface of pulp material, cavity-filled charcoal filter, activated carbon internal paper with pulp material containing activated carbon folded Charcoal filters (sometimes called carbon scrubber charcoal filters) are known.
- Acetate charcoal filter A charcoal filter using acetate fiber as a filter base material and granular activated carbon added to it, and is currently most widely manufactured. Generally, about 2 to 10 wt% of triacetin, which is a filter plasticizer, is added at the time of producing the filter. However, it is known that the VOC adsorption performance of activated carbon deteriorates due to poisoning by triacetin. Moreover, the acetate fiber which is a filter base material has no VOC adsorption performance.
- Paper Charcoal Filter This is a charcoal filter that uses paper (cellulose) as a pulp raw material as a filter base material, and is added with granular activated carbon.
- paper cellulose
- a fixed amount of activated carbon is supplied onto the paper with a belt conveyor, and a filter rod is manufactured in a form in which the activated carbon is wrapped with paper by applying a folding mechanism (patent) References 1 and 2).
- the paper charcoal filter has higher filtration efficiency per filter ventilation resistance than the acetate charcoal filter (Patent Document 3).
- no plasticizer since no plasticizer is added, there is no problem of deterioration in the adsorption performance of activated carbon caused by the plasticizer.
- paper as a filter base material does not have VOC adsorption performance like acetate fiber.
- Cavity-filled charcoal filter This is a charcoal filter in which a gap is provided between the filters and the space is filled with activated carbon. Theoretically, the amount of activated carbon that can be filled per filter unit length can be maximized. Moreover, since a plasticizer is not required in the activated carbon filling portion, there is no problem of deterioration of the adsorption performance of activated carbon caused by the plasticizer. However, when the filling rate of the activated carbon is lowered, smoke cannot pass through the voids in the activated carbon filling part and contact with the activated carbon, and the VOC adsorption performance is significantly lowered. For this reason, there are significant problems in manufacturing variations and manufacturing methods.
- Patent Document 4 a method of performing suction from the filter end face at the time of manufacturing the filter
- Patent Document 5 a method of manufacturing using activated carbon having a uniform particle diameter
- the apparatus and the manufacturing process become complicated.
- a filter “lid” is always required at both ends of the activated carbon filling part, and there are restrictions on the filter design.
- the particle diameter of the activated carbon is several hundred ⁇ m or more so that the ventilation resistance of the activated carbon filling portion does not increase too much.
- Activated carbon paper charcoal filter (carbon scrubber charcoal filter)
- Acetate charcoal filter and paper charcoal filter have a problem in terms of adsorption performance because the base material does not have adsorption performance.
- the acetate charcoal filter has a problem of deterioration of adsorption performance due to triacetin.
- the cavity-filled charcoal filter has problems such as deterioration in adsorption performance due to variations in filling rate during production, cost of production equipment, and complexity of the production process.
- the problem with the activated charcoal paper charcoal filter is that the amount of activated carbon that can be incorporated into paper is limited. Thus, the conventional charcoal filter does not satisfy the performance required for the multi-segment filter.
- Japanese Patent No. 3235962 Japanese Patent No. 3235963 Japanese Patent No. 4361850 WO2009 / 037568 US Pat. No. 6,837,281 Japanese Patent No. 3547768 U.S. Pat. No. 2,801,638
- An object of the present invention is to provide a charcoal filter having a high VOC reduction ability per filter length, a high filtration performance of tar and nicotine, a simple and low-cost manufacturing process, and a cigarette using such a charcoal filter. .
- a charcoal filter characterized in that activated carbon is externally added to the surface of activated carbon-containing paper and folded.
- a cigarette comprising a tobacco rod and a charcoal filter formed by externally adding activated carbon to the surface of the activated carbon-containing paper.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an apparatus for producing an internal and external activated paper charcoal filter according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a paper charcoal filter with and without activated carbon according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an example of a cigarette using the activated carbon internal and external paper charcoal filter according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing another example of a cigarette using the activated carbon internal and external paper charcoal filter according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing still another example of a cigarette using the activated carbon internal and external paper charcoal filter according to the present invention.
- the charcoal filter according to the present invention is obtained by externally adding activated carbon to the surface of the activated carbon-containing paper and folding it.
- the activated carbon containing paper has a particle size of 100 ⁇ m or less, and the activated carbon contained in the activated carbon-containing paper in order to maintain the quality such as the thickness and tensile strength of the activated carbon-containing paper.
- the amount is preferably 50 mg / 10 mm filter or less.
- the BET specific surface area of the activated carbon contained in the activated carbon-containing paper is 2000 m 2 / g or less in the activated carbon production process.
- the amount of activated carbon externally added to the surface of the activated carbon-containing paper is 70 mg / 10 mm or less, and the surface of the activated carbon-containing paper in order to maintain the quality such as variation in the amount of activated carbon added and filter ventilation resistance in the filter manufacturing process.
- the particle size of the activated carbon added externally is preferably 100 to 800 ⁇ m.
- the BET specific surface area of the activated carbon added to the surface of the activated carbon-containing paper is preferably 2000 m 2 / g or less.
- the filter base material has a VOC adsorption performance. Therefore, the VOC adsorption performance per filter unit can be improved as compared with the existing charcoal filter, and a charcoal filter that is highly filtered and inexpensive can be provided.
- the perfume-carrying segment can be extended by the multi-segment filter. If the perfume-carrying segment can be extended, the amount of perfume released can be increased, so that a cigarette with improved flavor while reducing VOC with a limited filter length can be realized.
- the charcoal filter portion can be shortened, the total filter length can be shortened while maintaining or improving the VOC adsorption performance, and a cigarette having a multi-segment filter capable of designing a wide range of cigarettes can be provided.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration diagram of a paper charcoal filter winding system for internal and external activated carbon according to the present invention.
- This winding system includes an original fabric portion 10, a crepe portion 20, a narrowing guide portion 40, and a winding portion 60 along the flow of the activated carbon-containing paper FM that is a filter material.
- the raw fabric paper roll FR of the activated carbon-containing paper FM is mounted on the air shaft 12.
- the activated carbon-containing paper FM is fed from the raw paper roll FR as the shaft 12 rotates.
- the shaft 12 is provided with a powder brake 14 for controlling its rotational speed.
- a dancer roller mechanism 22 is disposed at the entrance of the crepe unit 20.
- the dancer roller mechanism 22 is used to reduce changes in the tension of the activated carbon-containing paper FM due to changes in the diameter of the raw paper roll FR, changes in the feed speed of the activated carbon-containing paper FM, and the like.
- the dancer roller mechanism 22 includes four upper rollers 24 and three lower rollers 26, and the activated carbon-containing paper FM is zigzag between the upper and lower rollers 24, 26.
- the upper roller 24 is supported by a fixed frame, while the lower roller 26 is supported by an arm that can pivot in the vertical direction.
- a pivot sensor for detecting the swing angle is attached to the arm. Based on the detection signal of the pivot sensor, the braking force of the powder brake 14 is adjusted.
- an air cylinder is connected to the arm, and by adjusting the air pressure, a tension suitable for the quality of the activated carbon-containing paper FM can be obtained.
- a pair of feed rollers 32 is disposed following the dancer roller mechanism 22.
- the upper roller 32a of the feed roller 32 is composed of two left and right rubber rollers
- the lower roller 32b is composed of a metal roller having a flat surface. Spirals are formed on the surfaces of the two rubber rollers constituting the upper roller 32a, and the activated carbon-containing paper FM is spread laterally when the feed roller 32 is rotated, thereby preventing the occurrence of inadvertent wrinkles at this time. It is like that.
- the drive system of the feed roller 32 is provided with a continuously variable transmission for correcting the rotational speed.
- a pair of crepe rollers 34 functioning as creping means for performing a creping process are disposed.
- the crepe roller 34 is used to form a vertical rod for increasing the ventilation resistance of the filter on the activated carbon-containing paper FM.
- the drive system for the crepe roller 34 is provided with a continuously variable transmission for correcting the rotational speed.
- Each of the upper and lower rollers 34a, 34b of the crepe roller 34 is formed of a metal roller having a deep groove extending on the surface in parallel with the circumferential direction.
- the meshing depth (meshing amount) of the grooves of the upper and lower rollers 34a and 34b is changed, the depth of the vertical hook formed on the activated carbon-containing paper FM or the degree of stretching of the activated carbon-containing paper FM changes. Therefore, the ventilation resistance of the filter can be controlled by adjusting the meshing depth of the grooves of the upper and lower rollers 34a and 34b. The greater the meshing depth, the higher the ventilation resistance of the filter.
- a touch lever 36 is disposed adjacent to the crepe roller 34.
- the touch lever 36 is placed on the activated carbon-containing paper FM discharged from the crepe roller 34, and is used for detecting the slack state. Based on the slack state of the activated carbon-containing paper FM, the feed rate of the activated carbon-containing paper FM is controlled as described later.
- the narrowing guide portion 40 is disposed following the touch lever 36.
- the narrowing guide unit 40 is used to guide the activated carbon-containing paper FM that has been creped so as to be in a uniform winding state in the next winding unit 60, and to narrow the activated carbon-containing paper FM into a rod shape. More specifically, the narrowing guide portion 40 includes a winding guide 42, a focusing guide 44, and a T jet 46.
- the entrainment guide 42 is composed of a middle-bulged drum-shaped driven roller, and applies a uniform lateral tension to the activated carbon-containing paper FM creped by its side surface. Thereby, it is possible to avoid sudden narrowing of the activated carbon-containing paper FM into the T jet 46 and to stabilize the ventilation resistance of the filter.
- the drum-shaped roller can be adjusted in the vertical direction. When the drum roller is moved up, both sides of the activated carbon-containing paper FM are loosened, and when it is moved down, the center of the activated carbon-containing paper FM is loosened.
- the focusing guide 44 is composed of four upper and five lower guide plays, and the activated carbon-containing paper FM is sandwiched between them and deformed into a bellows shape. As a result, the activated carbon-containing paper FM is regularly squeezed with respect to the T jet 46, and the ventilation resistance of the filter can be stabilized.
- the T-jet 46 is made of a reducer-like tube, and feeds the activated carbon-containing paper FM into the winding unit 60 in a focused state. Compressed air is fed into the T jet 46 in order to suppress frictional heat at the front end of the tongue of the winding unit 60 and stabilize the feeding of the activated carbon-containing paper FM.
- the activated carbon (charcoal) CA is externally added to the activated carbon-containing paper FM at a position corresponding to the narrowing guide portion 40.
- An activated carbon addition device 50 disposed above the narrowing guide unit 40 is used.
- the activated carbon addition device 50 includes a hopper 52 for storing activated carbon, and a supply pipe 54 connected to the lower portion of the hopper 52.
- a roller 56 for controlling the amount of activated carbon supplied is disposed in the supply pipe 54.
- the winding unit 60 is provided with a web supply mechanism 62 that supplies the plug web PM.
- the plug web PM is fed from the raw paper roll PR, passes through the reservoir 64, and then supplied to the outlet of the T jet 46.
- the plug web PM is supplied in such a manner that the activated carbon-containing paper FM focused by the T-jet 46 is placed thereon.
- the plug winding paper PM is wound around the activated carbon-containing paper FM formed into a rod-shaped body having a circular cross section while passing through the tubular tong 66 functioning as a winding means together with the concentrated activated carbon-containing paper FM.
- the activated carbon-containing paper FM and the plug web PM are further integrated through a wrap glue gun 68, an ironing 72, and a cooler bar 74, and then sequentially cut into predetermined dimensions by a cutter 76.
- the filter CF manufactured in this way is finally collected by the stocker 78.
- the paper charcoal filter with and without activated carbon according to the present invention can be produced simply and inexpensively.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a paper charcoal filter with and without activated carbon according to the present invention.
- the activated carbon-added paper charcoal filter 1 internally added with activated carbon has a form in which activated carbon-containing paper FM externally added with activated carbon is folded and a plug web PM is wound around the paper.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a cigarette using the paper charcoal filter with and without activated carbon according to the present invention. This cigarette is obtained by connecting a paper charcoal filter 1 with and without activated carbon added to the mouth side of the tobacco rod 5.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another cigarette using the activated carbon internal and external paper charcoal filter according to the present invention.
- This cigarette is of the multi-segment type in which an activated carbon internally added paper charcoal filter 1 and a filter-shaped fragrance-carrying segment 2 are connected to the mouth side of the tobacco rod 5.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of still another cigarette using the activated carbon internal and external paper charcoal filter according to the present invention.
- This cigarette is of a multi-segment type in which an activated carbon internally added paper charcoal filter 1, a perfume carrying segment 2 and an acetate filter 3 are connected to the mouth side of the tobacco rod 5.
- the perfume-carrying segment 2 may be in the form of a filter, or may be one using natural herbs.
- Example 1 Experiment 1.1. Sample 1.1.1. Activated carbon As an externally added activated carbon, coconut shell activated carbon having a particle size of 212 to 600 ⁇ m classified by a 28 mesh and 70 mesh sieve obtained from Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd. was prepared. 1.2. When analyzed by the method shown in the section, the BET specific surface area of the coconut shell activated carbon was 1046 m 2 / g.
- Base material Table 1 shows the specifications of the base material.
- base materials A and B the following 2 types of raw fabrics obtained from Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd. were prepared.
- the two types of paper width are 220 mm.
- the types and basis weights of the pulp materials are aligned.
- the activated carbon internally added to the base material A is 1.2.
- the BET specific surface area measured by the method of item 1 is 1784 m 2 / g, 1.3.
- the particle diameter measured by the method of item was 13.6 ⁇ m.
- Example 1 is a paper charcoal filter with and without activated carbon added to activated carbon according to the present invention. 46 mg of the activated carbon was externally added per 10 mm filter and folded.
- Comparative Example 1 is a conventional charcoal filter with an internal activated carbon, in which the base material A is folded.
- Comparative Example 2 is a conventional activated charcoal-added paper charcoal filter. The activated carbon was added with 48 mg per 10 mm filter and folded.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 the external addition amount of activated carbon and the basis weight of the pulp of the base material were approximately the same, but the filter ventilation resistance was significantly larger in Example 1 than in Example 1.
- the increase in ventilation resistance in Example 1 is considered to be due to the activated carbon powder internally added to the base material. That is, even when the pulp basis weight of the base material is uniform, the ventilation resistance can be increased by internally adding activated carbon to the base material.
- Comparative Example 3 is a conventional acetate charcoal filter, and the triacetin addition amount was 6 wt%. Comparative Example 3 has the same amount of activated carbon and filter ventilation resistance as Example 1.
- Smoke component evaluation cigarette According to ISO 3402, mild seven superlite harmonized at 22 ° C. and relative humidity of 60% for 1 week or more was weight-sorted with an average weight of ⁇ 10 mg of 100 pieces, the opening was closed with tape, the filter plug was removed, A hand-packed charcoal filter with a filter length of 10 mm was used as a test cigarette sample.
- GC analysis condition column for water PoraPakQ (80/100 mesh, 1/8 inch ⁇ 6FT) Oven temperature: 160 ° C (hold) Inlet temperature: 250 ° C Pressure: 12.811 psi Total flow: 15.3 mL / min Detector: TCD GC analysis condition column for nicotine: DB-WAX (30 m ⁇ 530 ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ⁇ m) Oven temperature: 160 ° C (hold) Inlet temperature: 250 ° C Pressure: 16 psi Total flow: 198 mL / min Split ratio: 9.964: 1 Split flow rate: 40 mL / min Detector: FID 1.5.
- a i, in and A i, out indicate the peak areas of the component i in the smoke of the cigarette with charcoal filter and the single cigarette.
- Example 1 When the reduction rate of tar and nicotine was compared between the paper charcoal filter with internal and external addition of activated carbon of Example 1 and the acetate charcoal filter of Comparative Example 3, although the ventilation resistance of the filter was comparable, Example 1 The reduction rate of was significantly higher.
- the difference in the reduction rate of tar and nicotine between the paper charcoal filter internally and externally added in Example 1 and the acetate charcoal filter in Comparative Example 3 is the difference in the reduction performance of the base material. . That is, the paper charcoal filter internally added with activated carbon has higher performance for reducing tar and nicotine per ventilation resistance than the acetate fiber. As a result, the paper charcoal filter internally added with activated carbon in Example 1 is comparative example. It is more advantageous for reducing tar and nicotine than the No. 3 acetate charcoal filter.
- the paper charcoal filter internally and externally added with activated carbon of Example 1 has improved tar and nicotine filtration performance compared to the conventional charcoal filter.
- the difference in the VOC reduction rate between the activated carbon externally added paper charcoal filter of Comparative Example 2 and the acetate charcoal filter of Comparative Example 3 is considered to be mainly due to deactivation of the activated carbon by triacetin added to the acetate charcoal filter.
- the paper charcoal filter internally and externally added with activated carbon of Example 1 is provided with a VOC reduction capability on the filter base material, the VOC adsorption performance is improved as compared with the conventional charcoal filter.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
(1)フィルター長さ当りのVOC低減能力が高いこと、
(2)タール、ニコチンの濾過性能が高いこと、および
(3)製造プロセスが簡易かつ低コストなこと、である。
フィルター基材としてアセテート繊維を用い、これに粒状の活性炭を添加したチャコールフィルターであり、現在最も汎用的に製造されている。一般にフィルター製造時にフィルター可塑剤であるトリアセチンを2~10wt%程度添加する。しかし、トリアセチンによる被毒で、活性炭のVOC吸着性能が劣化することが知られている。また、フィルター基材であるアセテート繊維はVOC吸着性能がない。
フィルター基材としてパルプ原料のような紙(セルロース)を用い、これに粒状の活性炭を外添して折り込んだチャコールフィルターである。一般的に、クレープロールにて紙に所定のクリンプ処理を施した後、ベルトコンベアにて紙上に活性炭を定量供給し、折り込み機構を施して紙で活性炭を包み込む形態でフィルターロッドを製造する(特許文献1および2)。一般的に、ペーパーチャコールフィルターは、アセテートチャコールフィルターよりも、フィルター通気抵抗当りの濾過効率が高いことが知られている(特許文献3)。また、可塑剤を添加しないため、可塑剤に起因する活性炭の吸着性能の劣化という問題がない。しかし、フィルター基材としての紙も、アセテート繊維と同様に、VOC吸着性能がない。
フィルターとフィルターの間に空隙部を設け、その空間に活性炭を充填したチャコールフィルターである。理論的に、フィルター単位長さ当たりに充填できる活性炭量を最大にできる。また、活性炭充填部分に可塑剤を必要としないため、可塑剤に起因する活性炭の吸着性能の劣化という問題がない。しかし、活性炭の充填率が下がると、煙が活性炭充填部における空隙を通過して活性炭と接触できなくなり、VOC吸着性能が著しく低下する。このため、製造時のばらつきおよび製造方法に大きな問題がある。活性炭の充填効率を向上させるため、フィルター製造時にフィルター端面からサクションを行う方法(特許文献4)や、均一粒子径の活性炭を用いて製造する方法(特許文献5)が開発されているが、いずれも装置および製造プロセスが煩雑になるという問題がある。また、キャビティー充填チャコールフィルターを製造するには、必ず活性炭充填部の両端にフィルターによる「蓋」を必要とし、フィルター設計上の制約がある。さらに、活性炭充填部の通気抵抗が上昇しすぎないように、活性炭の粒子径に数百μm以上という制約がある。
フィルター基材として、一般に粒子径が数十μmの活性炭を抄き込んだ紙を用いて折り込んだチャコールフィルターである。粒子径の小さな活性炭により吸着速度を向上できるため、活性炭重量当りの吸着性能向上を図ることができる(非特許文献1、特許文献6、7)。しかし、フィルター製造時に紙にかかる圧力を考慮すると、基材には一定以上の引っ張り強度が必要になる。このため、紙に抄き込める活性炭の量に限界があり、VOCの大幅な低減は難しい。
1.実験
1.1.試料
1.1.1.活性炭
外添活性炭として、クラレケミカル株式会社より入手した28メッシュと70メッシュのふるいで分級した粒子径212~600μmのヤシガラ活性炭を用意した。1.2.項に示した方法により解析したところ、ヤシガラ活性炭のBET比表面積は1046m2/gであった。
表1に基材の仕様を示す。基材A、Bとして、クラレケミカル株式会社より入手した以下の2種の原反を用意した。紙幅は2種類とも220mmである。パルプ素材の種類および坪量を揃えた。基材Aに内添した活性炭は、1.2.項の方法で測定したBET比表面積が1784m2/g、1.3.項の方法で測定した粒子径が13.6μmであった。
ISO3402に従って22℃、相対湿度60%で1週間以上調和したマイルドセブンスーパーライトを100本の平均重量±10mgで重量選別し、開孔部をテープで閉じた後、フィルタープラグを取り除き、フィルター長10mmのチャコールフィルターを手詰めしたものを、試験シガレットサンプルとした。
全比表面積はAutsorb-1-MP(Quantachrome社製)による77Kでの窒素の吸脱着等温線測定データから、相対圧P/P0=0.01-0.1間でのMultiPoint BET法により算出した。約0.010gの活性炭試料を、0.1Pa、573Kで15時間前処理した後に評価を行った。
HORIBA LA-920(堀場製作所製)により、水中に分散させた活性炭のレーザー散乱の測定から、球相当径の50%メジアン径を算出して、粒子径を算出する。活性炭は前処置を行わなかった。
RM20自動喫煙機(Borgwaldt KC Inc.製)を用いて、シガレットサンプルをISO4387(流量17.5mL/sec、吸煙時間2sec/回、吸煙頻度1回/分)に従い自動喫煙させた。ケンブリッジフィルターCM-133(Borgwaldt KC Inc.製)に粗タールを捕集した。ケンブリッジフィルターを10mLのメタノールでしん振、抽出した後、GC-FIDでニコチンを、GC-TCDで水を分析した。GCにはAgilent7890(Agilent Technologies Inc.)を用い、次の条件で分析した。得られた粗タールの値から水、ニコチンの値を差し引いてタールの値を求めた。
カラム :PoraPakQ(80/100mesh、1/8インチ×6FT)
オーブン温度 :160℃(ホールド)
入口温度 :250℃
圧力 :12.081psi
トータルフロー :15.3mL/min
検出器 :TCD
ニコチンのGC分析条件
カラム :DB-WAX(30m×530μm×1μm)
オーブン温度 :160℃(ホールド)
入口温度 :250℃
圧力 :16psi
トータルフロー :198mL/min
スプリット比 :9.964:1
スプリット流量 :40mL/min
検出器 :FID
1.5.VOC分析
RM20自動喫煙機(Borgwaldt KC Inc.製)を用いて、シガレットサンプルをISO4387(流量17.5mL/sec、吸煙時間2sec/回、吸煙頻度1回/分)に従い自動喫煙させた。ケンブリッジフィルターCM-133(Borgwaldt KC Inc.製)を通過した煙をドライアイス-イソプロパノール冷媒により-70℃に冷却したメタノールに捕集した。このメタノール1μLをマイクロシリンジで定量し、GC-MSDで分析した。GCにはAgilent6890(Agilent Technologies Inc.)、MSDにはAgilent5975B(Agilent Technologies Inc.)を用い、次の条件で分析した。
オーブン温度 :273K(6分ホールド)-(20K/min)-498K(6分ホールド)
入口温度 :260℃
スプリット比 :10:1
検出器 :MS
質量範囲 :40.0-200.0
スレッショルド :40
MSイオン源 :230℃
MS四重極 :150℃
1.6.煙成分の濾過率・吸着率
上記の4種のチャコールフィルターの各々を取り付けたシガレットサンプルについて得られたガスクロマトグラムのピーク面積を、単巻シガレットのガスクロマトグラムのピーク面積と比較し、次式に従ってチャコールフィルターの濾過率、吸着率を求めた。
Claims (10)
- 活性炭含有紙の表面に活性炭を外添して折り込んだことを特徴とするチャコールフィルター。
- 前記活性炭含有紙に含有される活性炭の粒子径が100μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のチャコールフィルター。
- 前記活性炭含有紙に含有される活性炭の量が50mg/10mmフィルター以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のチャコールフィルター。
- 前記活性炭含有紙に含有される活性炭のBET比表面積が2000m2/g以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のチャコールフィルター。
- 前記活性炭含有紙の表面に外添される活性炭の量が70mg/10mmフィルター以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のチャコールフィルター。
- 前記活性炭含有紙の表面に外添される活性炭の粒子径が100~800μmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のチャコールフィルター。
- 前記活性炭含有紙の表面に外添される活性炭のBET比表面積が2000m2/g以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のチャコールフィルター。
- たばこロッドと、請求項1に記載のチャコールフィルターとを有することを特徴とするシガレット。
- 前記チャコールフィルターよりも吸口側に、香料担持もしくは天然の香草を有するセグメントをさらに有することを特徴とする請求項8に記載のシガレット。
- 前記香料担持セグメントよりも吸口側に、アセテートフィルターをさらに有することを特徴とする請求項9に記載のシガレット。
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HUE10848435A HUE026027T2 (en) | 2010-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | Charcoal filter and cigarette |
EP20100848435 EP2550878B1 (en) | 2010-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | Charcoal filter and cigarette |
PCT/JP2010/055460 WO2011118042A1 (ja) | 2010-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | チャコールフィルターおよびシガレット |
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WO2023112255A1 (ja) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-06-22 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | 充填要素、充填要素の製造装置、及び充填要素の製造方法 |
WO2023112254A1 (ja) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-06-22 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | 充填要素、充填要素の製造装置、及び充填要素の製造方法 |
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KR20120107531A (ko) | 2012-10-02 |
JPWO2011118042A1 (ja) | 2013-07-04 |
EP2550878B1 (en) | 2015-05-13 |
EP2550878A4 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
EP2550878A1 (en) | 2013-01-30 |
KR101450419B1 (ko) | 2014-10-14 |
JP5460856B2 (ja) | 2014-04-02 |
HUE026027T2 (en) | 2016-05-30 |
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