WO2011116445A2 - Composição alimentícia à base de ureia pecuária revestida para liberação ruminal sustentada, e processo para sua preparação - Google Patents
Composição alimentícia à base de ureia pecuária revestida para liberação ruminal sustentada, e processo para sua preparação Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011116445A2 WO2011116445A2 PCT/BR2011/000085 BR2011000085W WO2011116445A2 WO 2011116445 A2 WO2011116445 A2 WO 2011116445A2 BR 2011000085 W BR2011000085 W BR 2011000085W WO 2011116445 A2 WO2011116445 A2 WO 2011116445A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- urea
- mineral oil
- coating
- food composition
- food
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
- A23K50/15—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants containing substances which are metabolically converted to proteins, e.g. ammonium salts or urea
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
- A23K40/35—Making capsules specially adapted for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
Definitions
- the present invention is particularly concerned with a composition which is intended to optimize the use of livestock urea as an input for ruminant animal nutrition. More particularly, the present invention relates to a livestock urea-based food composition which confers on it the sustained release characteristic of the animal's rumen. The present invention further contemplates a process for preparing said food composition.
- Feeding accounts for the largest portion of the production costs of cattle ranching, with protein being the fraction of the food that has the highest relative cost among the other nutrients.
- livestock urea as an indirect source of protein or "non-protein nitrogen” (NNP) in livestock has as its main objective the reduction of production costs.
- Cattle, goats and sheep are efficient users of NNP from livestock urea, because they can by ruminal microbiota turn this nitrogen into protein of excellent quality.
- the microbiota uses the urea-derived NNP for its own growth, representing precisely these bacteria and protozoa the best nutritional protein supply to ruminants, the so-called microbial protein.
- Common livestock urea is rapidly transformed into free ammonia by the action of the ruminal ureases.
- the rumen microbiota is unable to take advantage of all this NNP intake in a short time, because besides nitrogen there is a need for available energy and other nutrients simultaneously to perform protein synthesis.
- microbial These nutrients and available energy are usually provided by the digestion of carbohydrates, forages and grains, which have an average ruminal degradation time of 8 hours, which is much shorter than that of common livestock urea.
- the peak release of normal livestock urea occurs about 15 minutes after ingestion, remaining for about 45 minutes, when its full release occurs, long before the nutrient release plateau by fiber digestion, which occurs from 1 to 6 hours.
- the first relates to insufficient nitrogen for microbial protein production during the 85% final digestion time, which decreases animal performance
- the second relates to the high probability of free ammonia excess and therefore the intoxication of the animal.
- coated livestock urea which is slowly degradable in the rumen, providing NNP intake throughout the digestion process, increasing microbial protein production, and consequently animal performance, as well as reduce the risks of poisoning.
- coated livestock urea also provides an increase in nutritional performance, since it has a lower rate of ruminal degradation, gradually providing NNP for up to 8 to 9 hours after ingestion.
- the coated urea is not hygroscopic and does not release all NNP at once in the presence of water. This makes it easy to use in an undercover trough, minimizing the risk of poisoning animals that ingest accumulated rainwater in the salt trough. This is the main factor in cattle toxicity: drinking water in the trough, full of ammonia.
- the physical method is most widely used because of its ease of application, its relatively low cost and ease of industrial execution, as the process usually does not involve many steps and does not employ either. Very sophisticated equipment.
- Patent application PI 8504482-2 describes a coating process comprising placing pure and granulated urea in a mixer, which is kept in motion and receives an emulsion of vegetable oils with polymerizing substances, essential minerals, vitamins and energy nutrients. Still in motion, an inert and drying powder is added to the mixture by spraying, and thus the urea is coated. This whole process should take place under controlled temperature of 40 to 60 ° C.
- Patent application PI 0101344-0 describes urea pre-coated with an insoluble metal cement or salt layer and one or more coating layers interspersed with rosin gum and fatty acid or rosin gum and vegetable oil layers with product layers.
- inorganic powder Urea precoating allows high adhesion with the rosin gum layers, which must be pre-dissolved in fatty acid or vegetable oil prior to application.
- the final product has more than one rosin gum layer, in the ratio of 2 to 15% by weight of the finished product, and at least one inorganic powder product, such as magnesium oxide, which is sprinkled between said gum layers. Rosina.
- the cement shall be of the oxyphosphate, oxysulfate or oxychloride type and shall be incorporated in a proportion of 1 to 10% of final product.
- Vitamins, macro and micro minerals can be incorporated via interlayer layers interspersed with those of rosin gum.
- the pre-coating layer, insoluble metal salts is the result of reaction between inorganic acids and oxides, or magnesium or calcium carbonate, or preferably between phosphoric acid and magnesium oxide. Accordingly, the urea granules are uniformly pre-coated with cement or insoluble metal salt by spraying or preferably atomization, followed by spraying at least one layer of 20-50% rosin gum solution. in fatty acid or vegetable oil at a temperature of 20-80 ° C, which must be interspersed by application of magnesium oxide sprinkling.
- Patent application PI 0306289-9 describes two-layer formed coating.
- the first layer is made up of vegetable oil such as palm, palm, palm kernel, tung and flaxseed.
- the second layer is formed by inert activated clay and / or kaolin (drying layer).
- the proportions are 60% urea, 5% vegetable oil and 35% inert clay and / or kaolin.
- the process consists of placing the urea in a rotary mixer, where, in agitation, an adequate amount of vegetable oil is sprayed until homogenization, and then in agitation, added inert activated clay and / or kaolin in adequate quantities until homogenization.
- the urea is then placed on tarps on floors suitable for drying for approximately 12 hours. In process variation, the urea may also be forced dried by heat source.
- Patent application PI 0308607-0 describes particulate urea formaldehyde polymer for use as a fertilizer.
- the polymer is made by acidifying an aqueous urea-methylol solution containing a dispersing agent, forming an aqueous dispersion of insoluble urea-formaldehyde polymers and drying the dispersion to coat the polymers.
- Patent application PI 0705580-3 discloses urea intercalation (0 to 30%) in kaolin family clay minerals;
- the intercalation can be mechanochemical (simple grinding of the mixture) or through the use of solvents.
- the intercalated kaolin is dispersed over biodegradable polymers (natural, synthetic and mixtures in any proportion) by in situ polymer synthesis, use of solvents or heating of the mixture to the melting point of the polymer.
- the material obtained is granules of hybrid material, namely intercalated kaolin with urea and dispersed in biodegradable polymer, for direct application in soils as slow release nitrogen fertilizer in various crops.
- Figure 1 shows a graph illustrating the solubilization curves of urea from the granule in aqueous environment as a function of time. It is a Urea Concentration vs. Time graph plotting the dissolution profile.
- the graph shows the urea release profile in various compositions, as follows: - ⁇ - state of the art; -O- uncoated; Composition of the invention; and another composition of the invention.
- the X axis shows the time in minutes and the Y axis shows the% urea release.
- Figure 2 shows the dissolution profile of vegetable wax coated urea - 10% and 15%.
- the X axis shows the time in minutes and the Y axis shows the% urea release.
- Figure 3 shows the dissolution profile of solid paraffin-coated urea - 10% (102), 15% (103), 20% (104), 30% (105).
- the X axis shows the time in minutes and the Y axis shows the% urea release.
- Figure 4 shows the urea release profile; 083 made with pure hydrogenated soybean oil (15%), other formulations trying to mix hydrogenated soybean oil with other vehicles.
- the X axis shows the time in minutes and the Y axis shows the% urea release.
- Figure 5 shows the urea release profile; 083 made with 10% hydrogenated soybean oil; 096 hydrogenated palm oil 10; 097 15% hydrogenated palm oil; 098 15% hydrogenated palm oil + calcium carbonate.
- the X axis shows the time in minutes and the Y axis shows the% urea release.
- the Depositor conducted a series of studies, tests and analyzes to enable the use of coated livestock urea as an input for the nutrition of ruminant animals, more particularly livestock urea with sustained release characteristics in the animal's rumen.
- waxes which have the property of waterproofing surfaces. Basically there are mineral, vegetable and animal waxes. The mineral and vegetable waxes tested were unsuitable for the process, as they are brittle materials and do not allow prolonged release of urea. Animal wax, especially beeswax, best met the requirements for a good coating as it exhibits advantages such as plasticity and the relatively low melting point. Plasticity makes the coating pliable, preventing breakage during the process and providing homogeneity in the urea granule. The relatively low melting point allows for greater industrial viability, as extremely high wax melting temperatures are not required. As is well known, some mineral waxes have a melting point above 100 ° C, which would certainly make the process difficult.
- plasticizers which greatly improve the efficiency of the coating on the core to be coated.
- plasticizers tested in the present invention is diethylphthalate, which assisted in delaying solubilization of urea.
- the urea-based food composition according to the present invention which gives urea a sustained release characteristic in the animal's rumen.
- the food composition according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises, in percentage by weight:
- animal wax based hydrophobic coating from 0.2 to 20% animal wax based hydrophobic coating; from 0.1 to 10% melting point and plasticity modulating agent, such as solid petroleum jelly, mineral oil, paraffin, petrolatum alcohols and lanolin;
- hydrophobic vehicle such as mineral oil, vegetable oils such as corn, sunflower, peanut, almond, soy, sesame, cotton, flaxseed, tung, palm, castor, olive oil , fatty acid esters and other vegetable oils and esters;
- drying agent such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, magnesium oxide, calcium sulphate, maize starch, cellulose, lactose, inorganic and organic drying agents in powder form;
- slip drying agent such as silicon dioxide, kaolin, bentonite, talc and other inorganic silicates
- plasticizer such as diethylphthalate, dimethylphthalate, dioctylphthalate, dibutylphthalate, acetyltribultylcitrate, acetyltriethylcitrate, triethylcitrate, triacetin, cellulose derivatives such as ethylcellulose, among other plasticizers.
- the food composition comprises, in percentage by weight, about:
- melting point and plasticity modulating agent such as solid petroleum jelly, mineral oil, paraffin, petrolatum alcohols and lanolin
- hydrophobic carrier such as mineral oil, vegetable oils such as corn oil, sunflower, peanut, almond, soybean, sesame, cotton, flaxseed, tung palm, castor, palm, castor, olive, fatty acid esters and other vegetable oils and esters;
- drying agent such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, magnesium oxide, calcium sulphate, maize starch, cellulose, lactose, stearates and inorganic and organic drying agents in powder form;
- sliding drying agent such as silicon dioxide, kaolin, bentonite, talc and other inorganic silicates
- plasticizer such as diethylphthalate, dimethylphthalate, dioctylphthalate, dibutylphthalate, acetyltribultylcitrate, acetyltriethylcitrate, triethylcitrate, triacetin, cellulose derivatives such as ethylcellulose, among other plasticizers.
- beeswax is preferred, but other similarly constituting waxes may also be used in the composition of the present invention.
- the food composition object of the present invention comprises, by weight percentage, about 91.9% urea, 2% beeswax, 1% solid petroleum jelly, 0.6-1% mineral oil 4% calcium carbonate, 0.1% silicon dioxide and 0-0.4% diethylphthalate.
- the present invention also relates to a process for preparing the above defined food composition. It should be noted that said process represents only a preferred but not limiting embodiment of the present invention which comprises two steps defined below:
- the various objects of the invention have in common that a coating of urea with vegetable or animal waxes is provided, providing improved release of urea to cattle.
- urea dissolution study was carried out under conditions that mimic ruminal conditions, with the dissolution vat having a temperature around 36 ° C, enzymes (proteases, lipases to amylases) and agitation compatible with ruminal movements.
- the method used for the dosage of urea is a spectrophotometric method based on the reading of a colored compound resulting from the complexation between the urea molecule and dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in acid medium (YATZIDIS et al, 1963).
- Figure 1 shows a graph illustrating the solubilization curves of urea from the granule in aqueous environment as a function of time. This is a Urea Concentration vs. Time graph plotting the dissolution profile.
- the graph further illustrates that, over the time period studied, the chemically coated prior art product provided approximately 10% solubilization of urea from the granule, that is, this granule practically does not release urea into the aqueous environment.
- a comparative preclinical study was conducted with the inclusion of 1% of livestock urea in the feeding of 12 growing and finishing beef steers. The steers were divided into groups.
- Group 1 release coated livestock urea
- Group 2 uncoated livestock urea
- Group 3 livestock urea coated by complex chemical process
- the urea granules were heated in a water bath in the mixer bowl to a temperature of 55 ° C. Then the bowl was connected to the mixer, the granules were slowly agitated and 50% of the previously melted vegetable wax slowly dripped. The addition time of this wax was approximately 12 minutes. After this procedure the stirring speed of the mixer was increased, stirred for 2 minutes, then the initial speed returned. Afterwards, the remaining previously melted vegetable wax was dripped, and this addition also took approximately 12 minutes. After addition the speed was again increased for 1 minute; slow stirring was returned and thus the product was maintained until it reached 30 ° C.
- the spray liquid spraying step is important for the process. The more homogeneous this spraying the better the quality of the coating.
- the speed of homogenization of the granules should preferably be controlled so that they do not break during the process.
- Phosphate Buffer (0.1 M - pH 6.00): In 250 mL beaker, 12 g Anhydrous Monobasic Sodium Phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4 ) was weighed, approximately 200 mL H 2 O was added and stirred. ultrasound until complete solubilization. The entire volume was transferred to a volumetric flask.
- Reagent 1 (Deproteinizing Reagent): In 1000 ml beaker, 50 g Active Carbon was weighed, 125 g Trichloroacetic Acid and 1 000mL H 2 O were added. It was ultrasonically stirred for 10 minutes and stored in the refrigerator in a closed bottle.
- Reagent 2 (Ehrlich's Reagent): In 100 mL beaker, 5 g of Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde-4 was weighed, 20 mL of Hydrochloric Acid PA was added and stirred with glass rod until complete dissolution. The entire volume was transferred to a previously added 30 mL volumetric flask. H 2 O was homogenized and made up to volume with H 2 O. Stored in a polyethylene bottle in a refrigerator.
- Dissolution of samples should be performed using 500mL Phosphate Buffer dissolution medium in each well. The parameters used are described below.
- Reaction Blank In 15 ml falcon tube, pipette 3 mL of Reagent 1 (Deproteinizing Reagent) and add 750 ⁇ _ phosphate buffer.
- Figures 2 and 3 show the data of the dissolution profiles of urea coated with vegetable wax or paraffin, respectively, following the preparation methods described in examples 3 and 4 above.
- Figures 4 and 5 show further data of coated urea dissolution profiles.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR112012024264A BR112012024264A2 (pt) | 2010-03-26 | 2011-03-28 | composição alimentícia à base de ureia pecuária revestida para liberação ruminal sustentada, e processo para sua preparação |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI1000676-1A BRPI1000676A2 (pt) | 2010-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | composição alimentìcia à base de uréia pecuária revestida para liberação ruminal sustentada e processo para sua preparação |
BRPI1000676-1 | 2010-03-26 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2011116445A2 true WO2011116445A2 (pt) | 2011-09-29 |
WO2011116445A3 WO2011116445A3 (pt) | 2011-12-01 |
WO2011116445A4 WO2011116445A4 (pt) | 2012-01-12 |
Family
ID=44673683
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/BR2011/000085 WO2011116445A2 (pt) | 2010-03-26 | 2011-03-28 | Composição alimentícia à base de ureia pecuária revestida para liberação ruminal sustentada, e processo para sua preparação |
Country Status (2)
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BR (2) | BRPI1000676A2 (pt) |
WO (1) | WO2011116445A2 (pt) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017125140A1 (en) | 2016-01-19 | 2017-07-27 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Compositions for improving nitrogen utilization in a ruminant |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3413118A (en) * | 1964-08-21 | 1968-11-26 | Vylactos Lab Inc | Livestock feed and the method of making same |
US20030129295A1 (en) * | 2002-01-09 | 2003-07-10 | Richardson Paul H. | Stable hygroscopic compositions and methods for stabilizing hygroscopic ingredients |
WO2007044968A2 (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2007-04-19 | Genencor International, Inc. | Stable, durable granules with active agents |
-
2010
- 2010-03-26 BR BRPI1000676-1A patent/BRPI1000676A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2011
- 2011-03-28 WO PCT/BR2011/000085 patent/WO2011116445A2/pt active Application Filing
- 2011-03-28 BR BR112012024264A patent/BR112012024264A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3413118A (en) * | 1964-08-21 | 1968-11-26 | Vylactos Lab Inc | Livestock feed and the method of making same |
US20030129295A1 (en) * | 2002-01-09 | 2003-07-10 | Richardson Paul H. | Stable hygroscopic compositions and methods for stabilizing hygroscopic ingredients |
WO2007044968A2 (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2007-04-19 | Genencor International, Inc. | Stable, durable granules with active agents |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017125140A1 (en) | 2016-01-19 | 2017-07-27 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Compositions for improving nitrogen utilization in a ruminant |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BRPI1000676A2 (pt) | 2011-11-16 |
BR112012024264A2 (pt) | 2017-07-25 |
WO2011116445A4 (pt) | 2012-01-12 |
WO2011116445A3 (pt) | 2011-12-01 |
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