WO2011115123A1 - Plant cultivation method using illumination, insect-repelling lighting device, and insect-repelling lighting system - Google Patents
Plant cultivation method using illumination, insect-repelling lighting device, and insect-repelling lighting system Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011115123A1 WO2011115123A1 PCT/JP2011/056083 JP2011056083W WO2011115123A1 WO 2011115123 A1 WO2011115123 A1 WO 2011115123A1 JP 2011056083 W JP2011056083 W JP 2011056083W WO 2011115123 A1 WO2011115123 A1 WO 2011115123A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M29/00—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus
- A01M29/06—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus using visual means, e.g. scarecrows, moving elements, specific shapes, patterns or the like
- A01M29/10—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus using visual means, e.g. scarecrows, moving elements, specific shapes, patterns or the like using light sources, e.g. lasers or flashing lights
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plant lighting cultivation method, an insect repellent lighting device, and an insect repellent lighting system.
- Night moths such as Giant Tobacco moth and Spodoptera spp. That have damaged the flowers have acquired drug resistance against many insecticides, and are therefore very difficult to control with insecticides.
- the use of night-lighting with yellow fluorescent lamps for antifungal activity is progressing against adults flying to the field for spawning.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-274839
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-284482
- Patent Document 2 discloses a yellow LED insect repellent system that enhances the insect repellent effect by blinking the yellow LED.
- Patent Document 3 red LED light is irradiated to short-day plants such as chrysanthemum, kalanchoe, cactus cactus, poinsettia, riegers begonia, black-headed gypsophila, perilla and strawberry.
- short-day plants such as chrysanthemum, kalanchoe, cactus cactus, poinsettia, riegers begonia, black-headed gypsophila, perilla and strawberry.
- the red period is used for the light period width of 1 second, the dark period width of 0 seconds (continuous), 1 second, 9 seconds, no treatment.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a method of controlling insect behavior by irradiating the insect with artificial light having a luminance fluctuation component.
- the fluctuation component is given to the brightness
- Patent Document 5 a light emitting element made of a semiconductor that emits blue light or near ultraviolet light having a peak wavelength of 370 nm to 480 nm, and a peak wavelength of 560 nm to
- An LED lamp 5 for a pest control device is disclosed that is combined with a phosphor that emits yellow light of 580 nm.
- the LED lamps 5 for pest control devices are arranged in a distributed manner so that the illuminance in the entire area of the irradiated surface that needs pest control in the field falls within the range of 1 lx to 10 lx.
- Protective lighting as described above may cause unintended flowering delay (flowering suppression) for short-day plants.
- an insect-proof effect can be obtained by irradiating chrysanthemum light emitted from a yellow LED.
- the insect-repellent effect is particularly enhanced against nocturnal pests.
- since chrysanthemum is a short-day plant its flowering is suppressed by the emitted light (illumination) of the yellow LED, and the flowering time is delayed. Regarding this problem, the longer the irradiation time of the yellow LED, the higher the degree of flowering delay. Thus, flowering delay usually occurred with an insect repellent effect.
- Non-Patent Document 1 in intermittent illumination using a red LED, the number of days that the chrysanthemum flower arrives is prolonged regardless of the dark period width (except for the case of no treatment). Therefore, Non-Patent Document 1 does not describe that chrysanthemum can be cultivated by intermittent illumination (pulse illumination) without causing flowering delay.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a plant cultivation management method and a lighting device capable of obtaining an insect-repellent effect while avoiding the flowering delay of short-day plants such as chrysanthemum or controlling the flowering reaction.
- the present invention is an illumination cultivation method for a plant, wherein illumination is performed using a plurality of light sources having emission peak wavelengths in a region from green to red, and each light source of the plurality of light sources has a predetermined light period.
- the emission intensity changes in synchronization with a blinking pattern having a width and a dark period width having a time average brightness smaller than the light period width as one cycle.
- the pattern is a duty represented by the following formula (1).
- At least a part of a region illuminated by a plurality of light sources is a method for cultivating a plant that has an insect repellent effect by being illuminated synchronously by synthesizing illumination patterns from the plurality of light sources.
- the present invention is an illumination cultivation method for a plant, wherein illumination is performed using a plurality of light sources having emission peak wavelengths in a region from green to red, and each light source of the plurality of light sources has a predetermined light period.
- the emission intensity changes independently in a pattern in which the width and the dark period width in which the time average brightness is smaller than the light period width are one cycle, and the pattern has a duty of 50 expressed by the following formula (1).
- Duty (%) light period width / (light period width + dark period width) ⁇ 100 (1) At least a part of a region illuminated by a plurality of light sources is a plant lighting cultivation method having an insect repellent effect by being illuminated with a pattern that is not temporally constant by combining illumination patterns from the plurality of light sources. .
- one cycle deviation between the plurality of light sources is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 or more and 20% or less.
- the dark period width is preferably 16 ms or more and 5000 ms or less.
- the light period width is preferably 4 ms or more and 1000 ms or less.
- the light emitted from each light source of the plurality of light sources preferably has a light emission peak wavelength in yellow.
- the duty is preferably 25% or less.
- the plant to be light-cultivated is a short-day plant in which flowering delay does not practically occur even by the above-mentioned lighting cultivation method for plants.
- the irradiance within the light period width at the growth point of the plant is preferably 5 mW / m 2 or more and 50 mW / m 2 or less.
- the present invention is a method for cultivating chrysanthemum, wherein the illumination is performed using a plurality of light sources having emission peak wavelengths in a yellow region of the emitted light, and each light source of the plurality of light sources has a predetermined light period width and The light emission intensity changes synchronously or independently in a pattern with a dark period width having a time average brightness smaller than the light period width as one cycle, and the blinking pattern is represented by the following formula (1).
- the duty is 50% or less
- Duty (%) light period width / (light period width + dark period width) ⁇ 100 (1)
- the irradiance within the light period width at the chrysanthemum growth point is 5 mW / m 2 or more and 50 mW / m 2 or less, flowering delay does not practically occur, and at least a part of the region illuminated by a plurality of light sources is It is a chrysanthemum lighting cultivation method provided with a mildew-proof effect by being illuminated synchronously or independently by synthesis of illumination patterns from a plurality of light sources.
- the present invention is an illumination device comprising a plurality of light sources, each light source of the plurality of light sources has an emission peak wavelength in a region from green to red, and each light source has a predetermined light period width,
- the light emission intensity changes in synchronization with a blinking pattern with a dark period width having a time average brightness smaller than the light period width as one cycle, and the blinking pattern has a duty of 50% expressed by the following formula (1).
- Duty (%) light period width / (light period width + dark period width) ⁇ 100 (1)
- At least a part of the region illuminated by the illumination device is an insect proof illumination device that has an insecticidal effect by being illuminated synchronously by synthesizing blinking patterns of illumination from a plurality of light sources.
- each light source blinks in synchronization with a synchronization signal supplied from the outside, and the synchronization signal supplied from the outside is superimposed on a wired / wireless / optical signal or a power line. Is transmitted by any one of the synchronization signal transmission means.
- the present invention is an illuminating device including a plurality of light sources, and each of the light sources has a light emission peak wavelength in a region from green to red, and each light source includes a pulse generation circuit and a light emitting element.
- a pulse generation circuit for each light source independently generates a pattern having a predetermined light period width and a dark period width whose time average brightness is smaller than the light period width as one cycle, and the light emitting element is a pulse generation circuit
- At least a part of the area illuminated by the illumination device is an insect repellent illumination device having an insect repellent effect by being illuminated with a pattern that is not temporally constant by combining illumination patterns from a plurality of light sources.
- the deviation of one cycle of the plurality of light sources is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 or more and 20% or less.
- the dark period width is preferably 20 ms or more and 400 ms or less.
- the light period width is preferably 10 ms or more and 30 ms or less.
- the light emitted from each light source of the plurality of light sources preferably has a light emission peak wavelength in a yellow region.
- the duty is 25% or less.
- the lighting device is for cultivation of short-day plants.
- the irradiance within the light period width at the plant growth point is preferably 5 mW / m 2 or more and 50 mW / m 2 or less.
- the present invention is an illumination system using a plurality of first light sources and one or more second light sources, and each of the plurality of first light sources has a light emission peak wavelength in a region from green to red. Then, the first region is irradiated by changing the light intensity at a frequency having an insect repellent effect, and one or more second light sources are turned on in a state where a human can recognize continuous lighting, and the first region An insect repellent lighting system having an insect repellent effect in a first region by irradiating a region that is adjacent to the region where a human may exist.
- the present invention is an illumination system including a plurality of light sources and sensors, and the plurality of light sources has a light emission peak wavelength in a region from green to red and blinks at a frequency having an insect repellent effect.
- the area is irradiated, and the sensor detects a person in one or both of the first area and the area adjacent to the first area, and turns on a plurality of light sources to be turned off or in a state where humans can recognize continuous lighting.
- insect repellent lighting system having an insect repellent effect in the first region.
- the present invention relates to an insect-proof illuminating device including a light source that changes the amount of light, the light source having a light emission peak wavelength in a region from green to red, and the light amount of the light source is a light period and a time average brightness. Is periodically changed by a main pulse due to repetition of a relative dark period relatively darker than the light period and a sub-pulse in the light period or in the relative dark period, and the frequency of the sub-pulse is the frequency of the main pulse. It is a lighting device for insect repellent more than 4 times.
- the frequency of the main pulse is 10 Hz or less and the frequency of the sub-pulse is 60 Hz or less.
- the present invention is an insect repellent lighting system including a first light source whose light amount periodically changes at a first frequency and a second light source whose light amount periodically changes at a second frequency, Each of the light source and the second light source has an emission peak wavelength in a region where the emitted light is from green to red, the first frequency is at least four times the second frequency, and the first light source and the second light source It is an illumination system for insect prevention provided with the area
- the present invention it is possible to provide a plant cultivation management method and a lighting device capable of obtaining an insect-repellent effect while avoiding the delay in flowering of short-day plants such as chrysanthemum or controlling the flowering reaction.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the sensor block frequency
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the average frequency
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the internal structure of the front view and cross section of an LED light source in one embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the connection state of the circuit of the some LED light source which comprises the illuminating device, and power supply in one embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the result of having calculated the illumination intensity change in case the light of two LED light sources A and B is irradiated to the Q point of the agricultural field shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the result of having calculated the illumination intensity change in the case of being illuminated with four pulse light sources A, B, C, and D mainly in R point of the field shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of lighting cultivation in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- plants such as chrysanthemum 60 are planted in a field (plant cultivation area).
- the chrysanthemum 60 includes a growth point 61.
- a lighting device in which a plurality of LED light sources 100 are arranged is installed on the farm field. These LED light sources 100 are pulse-lit at night.
- the illumination area 110 is illuminated by the pulse lighting of the LED light source 100.
- the night moth adult 130 visually recognizes the light, and the behavior of the night moth adult 130 is suppressed.
- the night moth adult 130 is prevented from flying to the field for egg laying or mating, and the egg laying or mating behavior of the night moth adult 130 is suppressed.
- LED is mainly irradiated (illuminated) on a plant.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a pulse waveform of emitted light from an LED light source used in an embodiment of the present invention.
- the emitted light of the LED light source follows the drive current and blinks with a rectangular wave having a light period width and a dark period width having a time average brightness smaller than the light period width.
- the duty is expressed by light period width / (light period width + dark period width).
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a circuit constituting the illumination device used in one embodiment of the present invention.
- the circuit shown in FIG. 3 is also used in the cultivation experiment described later.
- a circuit constituting the lighting device includes two electric wires (POWER and GND) for supplying electric power (AC or DC), a signal line (SIG), and a plurality of LED light sources 100. And a synchronization signal generator 124.
- each of the LED light sources 100 may be arranged at the position of the vertex of the rectangle, or may be arranged at the position of the vertex of the triangle.
- each of the LED light sources 100 When each of the LED light sources 100 is disposed, for example, at a height of 1 m from the ridge surface, the light of the plurality of LED light sources 100 can be irradiated (illuminated) in all cultivation regions. Even when each of the LED light sources 100 is disposed at a position lower than a height of 1 m, for example, from the ridge surface, or when disposed at an interval wider than 2 m, at least the portion directly below each LED light source 100 is excluded. In a part, the light of the some LED light source 100 can be irradiated.
- Each of the LED light sources 100 is electrically connected to two electric wires (POWER and GND) for supplying electric power (AC or DC) and a signal line (SIG), unlike a normal continuous light source.
- the LED light source 100 includes a drive circuit 123 and an LED element 115.
- the drive circuit 123 generates an output (DRV) synchronized with the signal on the signal line, and the LED element 115 thereby flashes and emits light.
- the synchronization signal generator 124 is installed outside the farm field, for example.
- Each of the LED elements 115 of the LED light source 100 emits light in synchronization with a common synchronization signal supplied from the outside.
- a method for transmitting the synchronization signal there is a method that does not use the SIG line as a wired synchronization signal transmission means as shown in FIG.
- a method of receiving each LED light source using a radio signal there are (ii) a method of receiving each LED light source using a radio signal, and (iii) a method of transmitting an optical signal such as infrared light and receiving it at each LED light source.
- an optical signal such as infrared light and receiving it at each LED light source.
- the AC current is processed and generated by each LED light source by using the cycle of the AC power source.
- each LED light source 100 can be blinked synchronously.
- the wireless signal for example, an external signal such as a radio clock signal can be used.
- the AC waveform which a power plant supplies can be used as a synchronizing signal.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an LED element used in an embodiment of the present invention.
- LED element 115 includes substrate 111, wiring pattern 112, wire 113, LED chip 116, sealing resin 117, and phosphor 118.
- a wiring pattern 112 is formed on the substrate 111, and a plurality of LED chips 116 made of a nitride semiconductor that emits blue light are disposed. Each of the plurality of LED chips 116 is electrically connected to the wiring pattern 112 via a wire 113.
- One LED element 115 is mounted with 36 LED chips 116 in 12 rows ⁇ 3 columns (12 parallels ⁇ 3 series).
- Each of the wiring pattern 112, the wire 113, and the LED chip 116 is sealed with a sealing resin 117.
- a phosphor 118 made of BOSE (Ba, O, Sr, Si, Eu) is dispersed in the sealing resin 117.
- the phosphor 118 in addition to BOSE, SOSE (Sr, Ba, Si, O, Eu), YAG (Ce activated yttrium, aluminum, garnet), ⁇ sialon ((Ca), Si, Al, O, N, Eu) and the like can be preferably used.
- SOSE Sr, Ba, Si, O, Eu
- YAG Ce activated yttrium, aluminum, garnet
- ⁇ sialon (Ca), Si, Al, O, N, Eu) and the like
- the LED chip 116 for example, an LED chip 116 that emits ultraviolet (near ultraviolet) light having an emission peak wavelength of 390 nm to 420 nm may be used instead of the one emitting blue light. In this case, the luminous efficiency can be further improved.
- FIG. 5 is a spectrum distribution diagram of the LED light source 100 (FIG. 1) used in an embodiment of the present invention.
- the LED light source 100 used in the present embodiment contains more phosphors 118 than a normal white LED. Thereby, the light emitted from the LED light source 100 has a yellow-green component (wavelength near 560 nm) increased and a blue component (wavelength near 450 nm) decreased, and has a color called “lemon yellow”. Such an LED light source is hereinafter referred to as a “yellow fluorescent LED light source”. Yellow-green light having a peak wavelength of about 560 nm is a color with a low insecticidal property. On the other hand, the blue light component having a wavelength of about 500 nm or less in FIG. 5 may cause an attracting effect depending on the type of night owl.
- a filter that suppresses transmission of a blue light component (for example, light having a wavelength of 500 nm or less) according to the target insect is formed between the LED light source 100 and the nocturnal adult 130 (FIG. 1). It is preferable to be provided in between.
- a blue light component for example, light having a wavelength of 500 nm or less
- an AlGaInP-based yellow LED element can also be used.
- An AlGaInP-based yellow LED element is suitable as the LED light source 100 because it can directly obtain yellow light without using a phosphor and has no blue component.
- An LED having a light emission peak wavelength in yellow such as “yellow fluorescent LED (light source)” or “AlGaInP-based yellow LED (light source)” is referred to as “yellow LED (light source)”.
- a light source having a light emission peak in a region from green to red in addition to yellow is preferable in terms of insect repellent effect and flowering reaction control.
- FIG. 6 shows the results for the ring giraffe “Shima”.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 6 is the number of days to flower, which is the number of days from the planting date to the flowering date, and the horizontal axis is the illumination condition. In the illumination condition, “no processing” is a case where there is no illumination.
- the light period width is set to 10 ms
- the dark period width is 0 ms (continuous lighting), 10 ms (duty 50%), 50 ms (duty 16), respectively. 0.7%) and 100 ms (duty 9.1%).
- Irradiance in the growth point 61 (FIG. 1) (irradiance in this case is the value in the light period width) was set to the 5mW / m 2, 9mW / m 2, 19mW / m 2.
- the irradiance at the growth point 61 means irradiance at a distance within 0.1 m from the growth point 61.
- the dark period width of the pulse condition should be widened so that the light period width is 10 ms and the dark period width is 100 ms.
- the number of flower arrival days from the fixed planting date was almost the same as the number of flower arrival days in the case of no treatment, and the flowering delay was practically avoided.
- the “number of days to flower” is “the number of days required from the reference date (for example, the fixed planting date) to flowering (the buds swell up to a predetermined size and the harvesting period is appropriate)”. This means that the number of days (the number of flower arrivals) required for flowering (the buds swell up to a predetermined size and reach the appropriate harvest time) increases compared to the reference number of days (the number of untreated days).
- the delay in the number of flower arrivals is mainly caused by the delay in “the number of days required for starting (the number of days required for the eyelid to be visible)”.
- the number of days required from flowering to flowering increases due to the influence of lighting, but the degree is very small compared to the increase in days required for flowering.
- the flowering delay that does not cause a problem in practice is, for example, a flowering delay within 7 days for no treatment.
- the horizontal axis is the illumination condition, “no processing” is when there is no illumination, otherwise the light period width is set to 20 ms, and the dark period width is 0 ms (continuous), 100 ms (17% duty), 120 ms (duty), respectively. 14%), 160 ms (duty 11%), and 240 ms (duty 7.7%).
- the irradiance at the growth point 61 (FIG. 1) (the irradiance in this case is a value within the light period width) was set to 20 mW / m 2 , 35 mW / m 2 , and 50 mW / m 2 , respectively.
- the irradiance which is the irradiance that delays flowering in continuous light
- the pulse condition with a light period width of 20 ms and a dark period width of 100 ms to 240 ms.
- the number of days was almost the same as the number of days without flowering, and the flowering delay was practically avoided.
- the retinal potential is a potential measured by inserting a terminal (electrode) into the retina of a living insect's compound eye.
- Experiment 3 The light period width of the pulsed light using yellow fluorescent LED as the light source is fixed at 10 ms, and the dark period width is changed between 10 ms, 40 ms, 100 ms, 200 ms, 500 ms, 1000 ms, and 5000 ms, and the response of the ERG signal Characteristics were measured. A part of the data of the result is shown in FIG.
- the results of FIG. 8 are as follows. Irradiance is 1.23 mW / m 2 , light period width is 10 ms, and dark period width is 10 ms for each of FIGS. 8 (a), (b), (c), and (d).
- FIG. 5 shows typical ERG signal waveforms of a giant moth (male) with pulse conditions of 40 ms, 100 ms, and 1000 ms.
- an ERG signal waveform capable of sustaining light stimulation is generated. From this result, it was found that the irradiation condition of the above-mentioned pulsed light is a time structure that can be visually recognized by the adult tobacco moth, and it was found that this time structure is effective in preventing “habituation” to illumination. In addition, although not shown in the results of FIG. 8, there is no significant difference in the visual characteristics due to the difference in Otagobago sex, and the stimulating power is at an irradiance of about 20 mW / m 2 corresponding to 10 lux (lx). Was found to be large.
- both of the two types of night owls have a delay characteristic of about 20 ms or more before the light is visually recognized.
- the two types of night owls tend to lose trackability due to light irradiation, and there is a high possibility that the light from the LED light source is not visually recognized as blinking light. I understood.
- the dark period width was 40 ms or more, the two kinds of night owls almost visually confirmed the blinking of the pulsed light.
- the yellow fluorescent LED light source as a light source the light phase width 10 ms, dark period width is set to pulse conditions of 10 ms, the irradiance is set to 18mW / m 2 ⁇ 100mW / m 2.
- the flying activity of the adult tobacco moth was examined using the act graph shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the number of sensor shut-off times for 5 days of adult tobacco adults in each treatment section.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 11 indicates the number of sensor interruptions that is an indicator of flight activity.
- the light period width, dark period width, and irradiance of each result are shown. Note that no treatment is a case where no light is irradiated.
- the irradiance is 100 mW / m 2
- the light period width is 10 ms
- the dark period width is revealed.
- Experiment 6 Experiments similar to Experiment 5 were performed with the subjects of the experiment being giant cigarette moth and Japanese cypress. Using the yellow fluorescent LED light source as a light source and using the act graph shown in FIG. 10, the diurnal nature of the flight behavior was analyzed by comparing the number of times the sensor was interrupted with the flight with no illumination (no treatment). The light period width of the pulsed light was set to about 10 to 20 ms, and the dark period width was changed as a parameter on the basis of this light period width range, and the action suppression effect was verified. We collected and compared data for each age after emergence, and further clarified differences in behavior by gender.
- the irradiance of the pulsed light and the blinking pattern of the pulsed light were determined in each of the indoor, semi-outdoor and outdoor environments, which had little individual difference and could prevent “habituation”.
- both male and female adults fly under the pulse conditions of irradiance of 20 mW / m 2 , light period width of 20 ms, dark period width of 0 ms (continuous lighting), 80 ms, 160 ms, and 400 ms. It was found that the activity was kept low compared to no treatment. In addition, for example, it was found that there is little individual difference in behavior under the condition where the dark period width is 80 ms, and “habituation” is less likely to occur. From the above, it was possible to confirm the effectiveness of the pulsed light for the Japanese cypress.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the influence of pulse lighting all night on the number of damaged spiders in the ring giraffe and spray giku.
- the first finding is that “the flowering delay of short-day plants is approximately proportional to the time average illuminance of the LED” from the fact that the flowering delay is avoided approximately in proportion to increasing the dark period width and reducing the average illuminance. That's it. This tendency is different from the result of Non-Patent Document 1.
- the second finding is that, even if the dark period width is increased, the behavior of night moss is suppressed, so “the factor of lighting that suppresses damage to night moss is LED rather than the time average illuminance of LED. The irradiance (within the light period) during pulse lighting is dominant. "
- the pulse lighting is a condition in which the dark period width is longer than the light period width (for example, the light period width is 20 ms and the dark period width is 80 ms), the time average illuminance is suppressed. Therefore, flowering delay can be avoided.
- the irradiance at the time of pulse lighting is large, the anti-mold effect can be maintained. As a result, it is possible to achieve both the avoidance of flowering delay and the antifungal effect.
- Such a pulse illumination is presumed to have a considerably higher insect repellent effect than a continuous illumination having the same time average illuminance.
- the LED light source which can obtain the energy efficiency comparable to a fluorescent lamp at present is blinked with, for example, a duty of 50% or less, so that the lighting cultivation has a significantly lower energy consumption than the conventional and has a high insect-proof effect.
- a method / lighting device is considered possible.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing changes in dark-period flight activity with age, where the vertical axis represents the number of sensor interruptions, and the horizontal axis D1 to D5 represents the age.
- the flight activity may gradually increase as the number of days elapses in 5 days (D1 to D5). I understand that. This is considered to be the occurrence of “habituation” in which the antifungal effect of lighting fades with the passage of days.
- each light source a pulsed light source (pulse lighting) that independently emits light at an approximate period.
- pulse lighting a pulsed light source
- This configuration is a suitable configuration capable of spontaneously realizing a complicated pulse illumination pattern.
- the blinking since each of the plurality of pulse light sources emits light independently, the blinking may be synchronized immediately after the start of blinking, but basically no asynchronous pulse lighting is used because no means for maintaining synchronization is used. Become. A specific example of asynchronous pulse lighting will be described below.
- FIG. 15 shows a schematic view of the state in which the LED light sources 200 are arranged vertically and horizontally in the field as viewed from above.
- illumination represented by circles is a horizontal interval X (X is, for example, 3 m), a vertical interval Y (Y is, for example, 3 m), and a field height H (H is, for example, that of a plant. It is arranged at a position of 1.7 m) from the growth point.
- X is, for example, 3 m
- Y is, for example, 3 m
- H field height
- FIG. 16 is a front view of the LED light source 200 in the present embodiment.
- the internal configuration of the cross section is shown superimposed on the front view of the LED light source 200.
- Basic characteristics such as wavelength are the same as those of the LED light source 100 in the first embodiment.
- each of the plurality of LED light sources 200 arranged in the field is different from the LED light source that is continuously lit. That is, each of the plurality of LED light sources is turned on (flashes) independently by a pulse circuit built in the LED light source 200 when AC power supplied from two electric wires is supplied. As a result of each LED light source 200 being pulse-lit independently, the plurality of light sources blinks almost asynchronously as a whole, and an illumination pattern that is not constant in time is obtained.
- the LED light source 200 includes a circuit 213 (pulse generation circuit / drive circuit), an LED element 215, a diffusion plate 220, a substrate 222, a heat radiation fin 224, and a plug 225.
- a diffusion plate 220 is provided below the radiation fin 224, and a socket 225 is provided above the radiation fin 224.
- a circuit 213, an LED element 215, and a substrate 222 are provided inside the radiation fins 224 and the diffusion plate 220.
- the substrate 222 is mechanically connected to the radiation fins 224, and the heat of the substrate 222 is radiated to the outside.
- a circuit 213 is provided on the upper surface of the substrate 222, and an LED element 215 is provided on the lower surface of the substrate 222.
- the AC power supplied from the socket 225 is converted into a pulsed drive signal having a predetermined light period width and dark period width by the circuit 213, and is supplied to the LED element 215.
- the light generated from the LED element 215 is diffused by the diffusion plate 220 and irradiated to the surroundings. Even if there are a plurality of LED elements 215 or a plurality of LED chips constituting the LED element 215 inside the diffuser plate 220, the blinking of each cannot be identified separately, and the LED light source 200 as a whole is a single light source. Flashes as. Even if the diffuser plate 220 is not provided, it is identified as one light source from insects in the irradiation area away from the light source.
- the power supplied to the LED light source 200 does not have to be AC, and for example, a DC power supplied from a solar battery can be suitably used.
- the rectifier circuit 213A (FIG. 17) can be omitted in the circuit 213.
- the shape of the LED light source may be a linear light source such as a fluorescent lamp in addition to the “bulb type” described above.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a connection state between a plurality of LED light source circuits and a power source constituting the lighting device.
- the circuit 213 includes a rectifier circuit 213A, a pulse generation circuit 213B, and an LED drive circuit 213C. Since each of the LED light sources 200 includes a pulse generation circuit 213B, the plurality of LED light sources 200 each independently generate pulse light.
- the alternating current from the AC power source is input to the rectifier circuit 213A, where it is converted into a DC current (for example, + 15V).
- One of the DC currents is input to the pulse generation circuit 213B, and the pulse generation circuit 213B sends a pulse signal P having a predetermined light period width and dark period width to the LED drive circuit 213C.
- the other of the DC currents is input to the LED drive circuit 213C, and an LED drive signal DRV synchronized with the pulse signal P is generated, and the LED element 215 is pulse-lit (flashes).
- the light period width and dark period width of the pulse generation circuit 213B may be fixed, or the set value may be adjustable with a variable resistor or the like.
- the frequency of the light source 1 and the frequency of the light source 2 are 1 / T (1 + ⁇ ) and 1 / T (1- ⁇ ), respectively, and the beat frequency of the two light sources is 2 ⁇ / T (1- ⁇ 2).
- the beat period T / 2 ⁇ increases to 0.5 seconds, 5 seconds.
- the beat period is a period until the two light sources are synchronized and asynchronous and return to synchronization again.
- the deviation period in order to maintain synchronized pulse lighting during 12 hours, which is a general nighttime lighting time, the deviation period is about 2.31 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 for about 72 hours, which is about 6 times the beat period. It turns out that it is necessary to be within.
- the beat period in order to maintain asynchronous pulse lighting within the night illumination time, if the deviation is set to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 or more, the beat period becomes 5000 seconds, which is about 42 that is 1 ⁇ 2 of the beat period. It can be seen that the blinking timings of the two light sources are reversed in minutes.
- the deviation is set to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 or more, the flashing timings of the two light sources are reversed in about 4 minutes. Actually, it is more preferable that the deviation is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 or more in consideration of normal variation of components constituting the pulse lighting (flashing) circuit.
- “deviation” may be replaced with “standard deviation of periodic variation between light sources”.
- the inventors of the present application calculated a change in illuminance when the light of the two LED light sources A and B was irradiated to the point Q of the field shown in FIG. The result is shown in FIG.
- the results in FIG. 18 are calculated under the conditions that the reference period is 100 ms, the light period width is 20 ms, the dark period width is 80 ms, and the period deviation is + 5% and ⁇ 5% (deviation 5%).
- the illumination changes in time from the case where the two light sources irradiate simultaneously to the case where each of the light sources irradiates, resulting in a non-constant blinking pattern.
- it is considered on the basis of 1 period which consists of the light period width + dark period width of 1 light source that it is not constant in time.
- the flashing pattern with the light period width + dark period width as one cycle is not temporally constant in terms of insect-proof effect. The point is that it is irregular.
- the inventors of the present application calculated the change in illuminance when illuminated mainly by the four pulsed light sources A, B, C, and D at the R point of the field shown in FIG. The result is shown in FIG.
- the results in FIG. 19 are calculated under the conditions that the reference period is 100 ms, the light period width is 20 ms, the dark period width is 80 ms, and the period deviation is + 5%, ⁇ 5%, + 3%, and + 5% (deviation 5%). It is.
- the time change of the illuminance shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 is shown for the illuminance at each point, and the direction of the light source is not taken into consideration.
- plants it is considered that they are not affected by the direction of the light source.
- insects since insects have compound eyes that can recognize a wide field of view, it is considered that the blinking of each light source can be detected independently rather than being simply influenced by the averaged illuminance. Therefore, even if the illuminance is continuous, the insect feels as if it is non-static as if the light source moves suddenly, and the situation changes from moment to moment. It can be realized.
- the calculation is performed under the condition that the duty is 20% (light period width 20 ms, dark period width 80 ms).
- the duty is 25%. If each light source is completely synchronized, the intensity will be four times that of a single light source, and if it is lit completely separately, there will be no significant change in time overlap between the light sources. Arise. For this reason, such a structure is suitable.
- the duty is preferably at least 1% or more, more preferably 10% or more.
- a complex illumination pattern can be obtained by combining the illumination of each light source by using an illumination device in which a plurality of LED light sources that are pulse-lit independently are arranged in the field. Therefore, it is possible to realize a lighting cultivation method for plants having a highly durable insect repellent effect. Further, there is no need for a signal line for synchronizing blinking.
- a total of 6 LED light sources 200 were installed in 2 rows ⁇ 3 with a distance of 6 m at a height of 1.8 m from the ridge surface.
- This LED light source incorporates a yellow fluorescent LED having the spectrum shown in FIG. 5 and a pulse circuit.
- AC100V is supplied to the LED light source 200
- the blinking of each of the six LED light sources 200 is an asynchronous blinking in which each of the six LED light sources 200 blinks independently without being synchronized.
- the height from the ridge surface in an asynchronous lighting ku irradiance position of 1m is 1.27mW ⁇ m -2 at a minimum, and a maximum 36.7mW ⁇ m -2.
- the asynchronous lighting section was illuminated overnight from 17:00 to 7:00 every day during the period from July 1 to October 8, 2010.
- the untreated area was not illuminated.
- cultivated “Rakugo no Flag” was cultivated in the asynchronous lighting zone and the untreated zone.
- the groin, the plant height and the flowering time of the ring-shaped ‘seed flag’ were substantially the same.
- the larval larvae damage rate, parasite stem rate, number of insects (Spodoptera, Tobacco, other lepidopterous insects and mosquitoes), pheromone trap attracting insects The number (People moth and Spodoptera litura) and the spraying history of pesticides were investigated.
- the above-mentioned damaged stem rate and parasitic stem rate were calculated by examining the number of damaged stems and the number of parasitic stems of 36 strains every 7 to 14 days. The number of attracting insects was examined every 7 to 14 days using funnel traps and sex pheromone lures. The larvae and eggs identified during these surveys were not removed.
- FIG. 20 shows changes in the number of damaged stems in days.
- FIG. 20 is a graph showing changes in the damaged stem rate (%) of chrysanthemum cultivated in the asynchronous lighting zone and the untreated zone. As shown in FIG. 20, until August 19, there was no significant difference in the damaged stem ratio (%) of chrysanthemum cultivated in the asynchronous illumination zone and the untreated zone. On the other hand, the damage stem rate increased in the non-treated area after August 19, and on the last survey day on September 24, the damaged stem ratio was 4.6% in the asynchronous lighting area. In the ward, the damage stem rate was 18.8%. From the above results, it became clear that the damage stem rate can be greatly reduced by cultivating chrysanthemum in the asynchronous lighting section.
- Example 2 Comparison between the untreated section and the synchronized lighting section
- the damage stem rate of chrysanthemum cultivation in the untreated zone and the asynchronous lighting zone was compared.
- the damaged stem rate of chrysanthemum cultivation in the untreated zone and the synchronized lighting zone was compared.
- a ring-shaped 'Sei no Wave' was cultivated by the same method as in Experiment 1 except that the field and each LED light source were illuminated synchronously.
- each LED light source was modified by connecting an external synchronization signal terminal to the LED light source used in the asynchronous illumination section so as to be driven in synchronization with the external synchronization signal.
- the damage stem rate of chrysanthemum was calculated by the same method as in Experiment 1. The result is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 21 is a graph showing changes in the damaged stem rate (%) of chrysanthemum cultivated in the synchronized lighting zone and the untreated zone. As shown in FIG. 21, on the last survey date on September 16, the damaged stalk rate was about 9.5% in the synchronous lighting zone, whereas the damaged stalk rate was 40.9% in the untreated zone. Met. From the above results, it became clear that the damage stem rate did not change so much and the damage stem rate could be greatly reduced by cultivating chrysanthemum in the synchronized lighting section.
- Example 3 Comparison between untreated section and asynchronous lighting section
- chrysanthemum was cultivated in the untreated and asynchronous lighting areas in the same way as in Experiment 1, and the growth situation of each chrysanthemum and the damage caused by night straw Contrast the situation. That is, in this experiment, white chrysanthemum 'Hakuba' was used as chrysanthemum, and the growth situation of chrysanthemum in the untreated area and the asynchronous lighting area and the situation of damage caused by night mist were compared.
- each of the nine LED light sources 200 is an asynchronous blinking that blinks independently.
- the height from the ridge surface in an asynchronous lighting ku irradiance position of 1m is 1.79mW ⁇ m -2 at a minimum, and a maximum 35.4mW ⁇ m -2.
- the asynchronous lighting area was illuminated overnight from 17:00 to 7:00 every day during the period from July 21 to December 20, 2010.
- the untreated area was not illuminated.
- the small giku 'Hakuba' was cultivated, but in both the asynchronous lighting zone and the non-treatment zone, the groin, plant height and flowering time of the small giku 'Hakuba' were substantially Almost identical.
- the damage stem rate by the night larvae larvae and the number of insects were investigated on the small peony 'Hakuba' cultivated as described above.
- the damaged stem rate was calculated by examining the number of damaged stems of 60 strains every 7 to 14 days. The change in the number of days of damaged stems is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 22 is a graph showing changes in the damaged stem ratio (%) of chrysanthemum cultivated in the asynchronous lighting zone and the untreated zone.
- the damaged stem rate increased in the non-treated area after September 22 and, on the final survey date of October 27, the damaged stem rate was 1.7% in the asynchronous lighting area.
- the damage stem rate was 18.3%. From the above results, it became clear that the damage stem rate can be greatly reduced by cultivating chrysanthemum in the asynchronous lighting section. The damage was mainly caused by tobacco.
- the frame frequency of movies in the Torquay era is 18 Hz
- the frame frequency of current movies is 24 Hz
- the frame frequency of television 25 Hz (PAL, SECAM system) or 30 Hz (NTSC system).
- the field frequencies in interlace scanning in which one frame is composed of two fields are 50 Hz and 60 Hz, respectively.
- FIG. 23 to FIG. 26 are graphs showing the waveform of the retinal signal when light of a specific intensity and pulse pattern is irradiated on the Japanese pearl moth (male).
- FIG. 23 is a graph showing an ERG signal waveform when a light source having a light intensity of 1.2 mW / m 2 , a light period of 8 ms in the pulse pattern and a dark period of 32 ms (frequency 25 Hz) is used.
- FIG. 24 is a graph showing an ERG signal waveform when a light source having a light intensity of 1.2 mW / m 2 , a light period of a pulse pattern of 4 ms, and a dark period of 16 ms (frequency 50 Hz) is used.
- FIG. 23 is a graph showing an ERG signal waveform when a light source having a light intensity of 1.2 mW / m 2 , a light period of a pulse pattern of 4 ms, and a dark period of 16 ms (frequency
- FIG. 25 is a graph showing an ERG signal waveform when a light source having a light intensity of 20 mW / m 2 , a light period of 8 ms in the pulse pattern, and a dark period of 32 ms (frequency 25 Hz) is used.
- FIG. 26 is a graph showing an ERG signal waveform when a light source having a light intensity of 20 mW / m 2 , a light period of a pulse pattern of 4 ms, and a dark period of 16 ms (frequency 50 Hz) is used.
- 50 Hz light period 4 ms, dark period 16 ms
- 50 Hz light period 4 ms, dark period 16 ms
- the frequency is much higher than 50 Hz, it is anticipated that the mosquito moth Tobacco moth recognizes the light as almost continuous light, so that the insect repellent effect is the same as that of normal continuous light.
- FIG. 27 is a graph showing the average number of interruptions due to flying tobacco (male)
- FIG. 28 is a graph showing the average number of interruptions due to flying tobacco (female).
- the vertical axis represents the average number of interruptions due to flight
- the horizontal axis represents the experimental conditions (light period width: dark period width).
- the experimental conditions were irradiance of 20 mW / m 2 , no treatment (no lighting), light period width of 20 ms, dark period width of 0 ms (continuous lighting), 40 ms, 80 ms, 160 ms, 400 ms (frequency 16.7 Hz, 10 Hz respectively).
- the average number of interruptions by flying was measured under a pulse condition of 5.56 Hz and 2.38 Hz.
- the flying activity was lower than in the case of no lighting and continuous lighting in any dark period width of each pulse condition.
- the dark period width is 400 ms
- the flying activity is lower than in the case of continuous lighting. It became clear that flight activity suppression can be strengthened compared to continuous lighting.
- FIG. 29 is a graph showing a change in the average number of blockades of 20 giant tobacco moths (male) over 5 consecutive days, where the vertical axis represents the average number of blockages and the horizontal axis represents the number of days (D1 to D5). . From the results shown in FIG. 29, the average number of interruptions increased from day 4 to day 5 under continuous light conditions, whereas the average number of interruptions was suppressed within a certain value under each pulse condition. It is clear that
- the frequency with the insect-proofing effect is preferably in the range of 0.5 Hz to 60 Hz. At such a frequency, it is considered that a higher insect-proof effect can be obtained than continuous lighting with the same time-average illuminance as continuous lighting.
- the sixth embodiment relates to a change in light intensity (waveform) of a light source that can reduce discomfort to neighboring residents due to blinking of the light source and can exhibit an insecticidal effect. If the light source blinks in a pulse waveform that repeats a simple light period (light quantity 1) and dark period (light quantity 0), the change in brightness is large. This increases the stimulation of human vision.
- FIG. 30 to FIG. 35 are graphs showing the light intensity change (waveform) of the light source that can suppress the stimulus to human vision, the vertical axis is the relative light intensity L, and the horizontal axis is the time t. Below, the light intensity change (waveform) of a light source is demonstrated in order.
- the waveform shown in FIG. 30 is a relative dark period (time T) which is a period having a function as a dark period when the peak light amount of the light period (time T L ) in one cycle (time T w ) is 1.
- D is a light intensity change pattern in which the amount of light is smaller than that in the light period and exceeds 0 (for example, 0.1).
- the light intensity change pattern shown in FIG. 30 can also be said to be “flashing”, but will be referred to as “light intensity change” in order to clarify the point including light intensity that is not zero in the relative dark period.
- the relative dark period can be clearly defined as a period in which the amount of light decreases compared to the light period.
- the period T w , the light period width T L , and the dark period width T D are set to, for example, 1000 ms, 200 ms, and 800 ms, respectively, or the lighting interval is increased to 500 ms, 100 ms, and 400 ms, respectively. It becomes possible to follow, and the discomfort of blinking for human beings can be reduced.
- the waveform shown in FIG. 31 is such that when the peak light quantity in the light period (time T L ) in one cycle (time T w ) is 1, the light quantity in the relative dark period (time T D ) gradually decreases.
- a light intensity change pattern is set in.
- Such a waveform can be realized, for example, by arranging a capacitor in parallel with a series of light emitting diodes arranged in series in the LED bulb 505.
- Relative darkness T D is may be defined as a period of 0.5 or less of the light intensity of the light period, no problem even by changing the definition of the relative darkness depending waveform.
- the period T W , the light period width T L , and the dark period width T D that can reduce the stimulation of blinking to humans are, for example, 1000 ms and 300 ms, respectively.
- the period of the light amount 1 is 200 ms
- 700 ms or 500 ms, 150 ms, and 350 ms, respectively, makes it possible for humans to follow changes in light intensity and to reduce discomfort caused by blinking.
- the difference from the light intensity when switching from the dark period to the light period is increased, so that it is considered that a good anti-mold effect can be obtained.
- the waveform is not limited to the waveform shown in FIG. 31, and for example, the rising waveform may be gradually changed under the influence of the capacitor.
- Waveform example 3 Waveform shown in FIG. 32, the light phase in one period (time T W) the peak light quantity of (time T L) when a 1, in a relative dark (meaning time T D in FIG. 32) Further, the light intensity change pattern is set so as to repeat the sub-pulses of the period T DW (light period during dark period (time T DL ), dark period during dark period (time T DD )).
- the 25 Hz pulse is superimposed on the relative dark period, so that humans can continuously feel the brightness in the dark period (T D ), and the relative dark period Since the period is visually recognized as a 2.5 Hz pulse whose brightness is about 1/5 that of the light period, discomfort caused by blinking can be reduced.
- Yorugarui is to feel relative darkness pulsed light in the (T D) (time T DL) as flashing separated, suppress insects activity by the relative darkness (T D) can do.
- T w has been described by exemplifying a case when the 400 ms, which only rather limited, no problem even in one cycle 500ms or 1000 ms.
- Waveform example 4 Waveform shown in FIG. 33, light period the peak amount of light (time T L) when a 1 in one cycle (time T W), in a relative dark (meaning time T D in Fig. 33) Further, the light intensity change pattern is set so as to repeat the sub-pulse (the light period during the dark period (time T DL ) and the dark period during the dark period (time T DD )) with the cycle T DW and the peak light quantity.
- the 50 Hz pulse is superimposed on the relative dark period, so that humans can continuously feel the brightness in the dark period (T D ), and the relative dark period Since the period is visually recognized as a 2.5 Hz pulse whose brightness is about 1/5 that of the light period, discomfort caused by blinking can be reduced.
- the night moth feels that the pulsed light (time T DL ) in the relative dark period (T D ) is separated and blinked, and thus, in such a waveform, in the relative dark period (T D ). Can also control the activity of insects.
- one cycle T w has been described by exemplifying a case when the 400 ms, which only rather limited, no problem even in one cycle 500ms or 1000 ms.
- the light period (time T DL ) during the dark period and the dark period (time T DD ) during the dark period may be 8.3 ms, which is a half of the period of 60 Hz, or 5 ms (100 Hz), 4.2 ms, or the like. Also good.
- the light period during the dark period (time T DL ) and the dark period during the dark period (time T DD ) may be set using the power supply frequency of the supplied AC.
- Waveform example 5 Waveform shown in FIG. 34, as well as to superimpose the light phase NakaAkira phase and dark phase of the light phase of 10ms in the light period T L in the example 2 of the waveform of the waveform, dark NakaAkira life and dark phase in 10ms dark period T D The dark period is superimposed.
- the sub-pulse consisting of the light middle light period and the light middle dark period or the dark middle light period and the dark middle dark period is superimposed, so that humans feel the sub pulse. Since the brightness in the light period (T L ) and the brightness in the dark period (T D ) are continuously felt, discomfort caused by blinking can be reduced. On the other hand, the night moths feel that the subpulses in the light period (T L ) and the dark period (T D ) are separated and blinked, and thus the activity of insects can be suppressed by these subpulses.
- Waveform example 6 Waveform shown in FIG. 35, as well as to superimpose the light phase NakaAkira life and in light phase dark phase of 10ms in the light period T L in small sinusoidal irritating to humans, dark NakaAkira life of 10ms and dark dark period T D The dark period is superimposed.
- the subpulses consisting of the light period, the light period, the light period, the dark period, or the dark period, the light period, and the dark period
- the subpulse is less likely to be perceived by humans, and the brightness in the light period (T L ). Since the brightness in the dark and dark periods (T D ) is continuously felt, discomfort caused by blinking can be reduced.
- night moths feel that the secondary pulses in the light period (T L ) and the relative dark period (T D ) are separated and flashing, and thus these side pulses suppress insect activity. Can do.
- one light source has a waveform composed of a main pulse and a sub pulse as a whole, but a low frequency pulse LED array (for example, light period width 200, dark period) is included in one light source.
- a width of 800 ms) and a high-frequency pulse LED array (for example, a light period width of 8 ms and a dark period width of 32 ms) may be incorporated, and the combined light of the two may be irradiated.
- the frequency of the high frequency pulse is preferably at least four times the frequency of the low frequency pulse.
- a low frequency pulse light source (light period width 200 ms, dark period width 800 ms) and a high frequency pulse light source (for example, light period width 8 ms, dark period width 32 ms) are installed adjacent to each other at a distance of 3 m, for example, and both are irradiated.
- the regions may be overlapped.
- the low-frequency pulse light source and the high-frequency pulse light source are preferably arranged alternately in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction.
- the frequency of the high frequency pulse is preferably at least four times the frequency of the low frequency pulse.
- the light intensity change pattern (waveform) of the light source is not limited to the waveform examples 1 to 6 described above, and (1) the amount of light in the relative dark period is not zero (2) You may use the variation which combined suitably the idea that the light intensity in a relative dark period is not made constant, and (3) the subpulse is inserted in a relative dark period, a relative light period, or both.
- the frequency of the sub-pulse is at least four times the frequency of the main pulse. This is because the light periods of a plurality of sub-pulses can be inserted within the relative dark period of the main pulse.
- the frequency of a subpulse is 18 Hz or more, It is more preferable that it is 25 Hz or more, More preferably, it is 60 Hz or more. As the frequency is increased, humans are less likely to feel blinking, and discomfort caused by blinking can be suppressed.
- the ratio of the time average brightness in the relative dark period to the brightness in the light period can be reduced, and stimulation to humans can be reduced.
- the main pulse frequency is preferably 10 Hz or less, more preferably 3 Hz or less, and further preferably 1 Hz or less. Since such a main pulse frequency allows a person to clearly identify blinking, it is possible to suppress discomfort in the boundary region of blinking identification.
- the waveform of the above light source may be changed according to time. That is, for example, from the twilight period to 10 o'clock at night when special consideration should be given to human influences (from 8 o'clock to 12 o'clock at night depending on the movement of people at night) in the region, a gentle waveform of human stimulation (eg waveform example 6) Or continuous lighting is used. From 10 o'clock onwards to the twilight period, it may be considered to have a slightly strong waveform (for example, a rectangular wave with a light period width of 20 ms and a dark period width of 80 ms, or a rectangular wave with a changed frequency).
- a slightly strong waveform for example, a rectangular wave with a light period width of 20 ms and a dark period width of 80 ms, or a rectangular wave with a changed frequency.
- the duty of the time when human stimulation should be taken into consideration is increased, and the time when it is not necessary to consider human stimulation is reduced, the overall duty is reduced.
- the duty may be adjusted so that the average illuminance at night becomes 50 mW / m 2 .
- FIG. 36 is a perspective view of a farm field that is an illumination area having an insect repellent effect and its peripheral area.
- a house 513, a roadway 512, and a sidewalk 511 are adjacent to each other in this order.
- An agricultural field 501 is provided adjacent to the sidewalk 511, and a pillar 502 is erected on the agricultural field 501.
- Three rows of electric wires 503 are stretched between the columns 502 so that the height H from the field 501 is 1.8 m.
- Five LED bulbs 505 are arranged on the electric wire 503 at intervals of 6 m.
- the LED bulb 505 is the same as the LED light source 200 shown in FIG.
- the LED bulb 505 independently periodically blinks or changes its light intensity, and the period is, for example, a light period width of 20 ms and a dark period width of 80 ms.
- the frequency of the said light intensity change is 0.5 Hz or more and 60 Hz or less. This is because the insect repellent effect is high in such a range.
- the LED light source in the vicinity of the pillar 502 near the sidewalk 511 is a continuously lit light source 507 that is continuously lit. This is mainly to reduce the influence of the blinking of the light source on the pedestrian 515 walking on the sidewalk 511, and the influence of the blinking of the light source on the vehicle running on the roadway 512 and the adjacent house 513 can also be reduced.
- FIG. 37 is a graph showing changes over time when the light intensity of the light source is observed at points A and B.
- the ratio of the light intensity of the continuous lighting component is large, and the light intensity of the asynchronous blinking component has a small time fluctuation, but the fluctuation shorter than the tracking time of the human eye is averaged over time. Since it is observed, the light intensity change is almost similar to continuous lighting as a whole.
- FIG. 38 is a graph showing a change over time when the light intensity of the light source is observed at points A and B.
- the light intensity change rate at point A (defined as (maximum value ⁇ minimum value) / maximum value) is 26%, and the light intensity change rate at point B is about 40%. is there.
- the fluctuation rate of the light intensity is larger at the point B, but since the distance from the field is far, the fluctuation amount of the light intensity decreases.
- the continuous lighting light source 507 is continuously lit with the same brightness as the LED bulb 505 used in the field, but a brighter light source may be used. Thereby, the influence which blinking of a light source has on a surrounding inhabitant can be reduced.
- the continuous lighting light source 507 does not need to have the same luminescent color as the LED bulb 505 used in the field, and a light source of a different color such as a bulb color LED light source or a daylight white LED light source can be used.
- a light source of a different color such as a bulb color LED light source or a daylight white LED light source can be used.
- a light bulb color LED or a daylight white LED light source it is preferable to dispose the light bulb outside the crop growth area. This is because the light bulb color LED light source or the daylight white LED light source has a higher proportion of the blue component than the LED light bulb 505 having the spectrum illustrated in FIG. .
- the continuous lighting light source 507 preferably has a radiant light distribution in which the proportion of light in the lateral direction toward the outside of the field increases, and the lateral direction in the light period of the LED bulb 505 It is preferable that it is equal to or more than the luminous intensity.
- a continuous lighting light source 507 is not limited to being installed on the pillar 502, and is preferably installed at a position directly beside the sidewalk 511 near the person or in front of the house 513.
- the continuous lighting light source 507 may blink at a frequency high enough to allow humans to recognize continuous lighting, for example, 100 Hz or more.
- the LED bulb 505 preferably has a peak wavelength in the range of 500 nm to 650 nm (green, yellowish green, yellow, orange, red), and more preferably in the range of 550 nm to 600 nm. Moreover, it is preferable that the LED bulb blinks at a frequency of 0.5 Hz to 60 Hz.
- FIG. 37 shows changes in light intensity when a light source having a frequency of 10 Hz is used, but when the frequency of this light source is changed to 20 Hz, the time scale on the horizontal axis can be read as 1 ⁇ 2. Increasing the frequency of the light source in this manner is more preferable because the fluctuation of the light intensity shown in FIG. 37 becomes more difficult for humans to perceive and feels as almost continuous light.
- FIG. 39 is a perspective view showing a farm field that is an illumination area having an insect repellent effect and its peripheral area.
- an agricultural field 501 is provided adjacent to the sidewalk 511, and a pillar 502 is set up on the agricultural field.
- Electric wires 503 are stretched between the pillars 502, and LED bulbs 505 (same as the LED light source 200) are arranged on the electric wires 503 at equal intervals.
- the LED bulb 505 independently periodically blinks or changes its light intensity, and the period is, for example, a light period width of 20 ms and a dark period width of 80 ms.
- a human sensor 518 is installed on the pillar 502 near the sidewalk 511. When a pedestrian 515 or a bicycle 516 approaches the human sensor 518, the movement is detected and all the LED bulbs 505 or the LED bulbs 505 in a predetermined range are turned off. When the human sensor 518 no longer detects the operation, it is determined that the detection sensor has become unattended again, and the blinking of the LED bulb 505 is resumed.
- the human sensor 518 may continuously light the LED bulb 505 when detecting a pedestrian 515 or the like walking on the sidewalk. As a result, the influence on the surroundings caused by the blinking of the light source can be eliminated as in the case of turning off.
- the human sensor 518 may detect a person in the farm 501 and turn off the LED bulb 505 or continuously turn it on. This makes it easier for people in the field 501 to work.
- the human sensor 518 is not limited to being installed on the pillar 502 but is preferably installed at a position close to the sidewalk 511.
- the human sensor 518 may be a commercially available sensor such as an infrared sensor (for example, a pyroelectric sensor) or an ultrasonic sensor.
- a car 517 running on the roadway 512 is provided with a headlight, and the headlight illuminates the roadway and the guard rail much brighter than the illumination by the LED bulb 505 in the field 501. For this reason, it is not always necessary to detect the approach of the vehicle and turn off the LED bulb 505. However, in order to improve safety when the vehicle is running, the human sensor 518 detects the vehicle 517. It is preferable to turn off the LED bulb 505 when the vehicle 517 approaches.
- Embodiment 9 is an insect repellent lighting system for cultivating plants on a large-scale farm.
- FIG. 40 is a schematic perspective view showing a lighting system for insect repellent when a plant is cultivated on a large-scale farm. In the insect repellent lighting system shown in FIG. 40, it is assumed that cotton has no pesticide-less and pesticide-free cultivation. However, the present invention is not limited to such crops.
- one or more LED bulbs 302 are installed on top of a column 301 having a height of 2 to 10 m (for example, 6 m).
- Each LED bulb 302 performs illumination by blinking, for example, with a light period width of 200 ms and a dark period width of 800 ms independently without being synchronized.
- the region 303 irradiated by each LED bulb 302 has an irradiation overlap region 304 that overlaps each other.
- the LED bulb 302 is considered so as to uniformly irradiate the region 303 in the field in consideration of the overlap of irradiation.
- the minimum illuminance in the light period is 2 mW / m 2 (about 1 lux) and the time-average minimum illuminance is 0.4 mW / m 2 (about 0.2 lux).
- “asynchronous” illumination is performed in the irradiation overlap region 304.
- the arrangement interval W of the columns 301 in the irradiation region is preferably 50 to 250 m, and can be set to 120 m, for example.
- the interval D in FIG. 40 is preferably 20 to 150 m, and can be set to 30 m, for example.
- the irradiation range is slightly elongated.
- the interval D may be widened by installing four LED bulbs 302 so as to illuminate four directions evenly on one pillar.
- the number of columns can be reduced.
- since it is not necessary to stretch the electric wire for illumination in a farm field when working on a farm field using a large agricultural implement, it does not become a hindrance.
- the type of the light source is not particularly limited, and for example, a sodium lamp or other light source may be used.
- the irradiation region may be intermittently illuminated by rotating a mirror that reflects light from the light source while the light source is continuously turned on. Such intermittent illumination using a rotating light source is suitable when a light source that deteriorates due to blinking is used.
- the lighting cultivation management method having an insect repellent effect without delaying flowering in short-day plants has been described, but the present invention is limited to the lighting cultivation management method of short-day plants. It is not a thing, but can be applied to general lighting that requires insect repellent effect.
- the illumination cultivation method using the synchronous and asynchronous light sources shown in the above-described embodiments can reduce the average illuminance necessary for insect control, so it is not only energy saving, but also around the cultivation area Can prevent unintended effects of nighttime lighting on other organisms and ecosystems and other crops.
- illumination using an asynchronous light source has less influence on the external ecosystem because flickering due to pulse emission is averaged and observed like continuous light when viewed from a distance.
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Abstract
Description
デューティ(%)=明期幅/(明期幅+暗期幅)×100 (1)
複数の光源により照明される領域の少なくとも一部は、複数の光源からの照明のパターンの合成により、同期して照明されることにより防虫効果を備える、植物の照明栽培方法である。 The present invention is an illumination cultivation method for a plant, wherein illumination is performed using a plurality of light sources having emission peak wavelengths in a region from green to red, and each light source of the plurality of light sources has a predetermined light period. The emission intensity changes in synchronization with a blinking pattern having a width and a dark period width having a time average brightness smaller than the light period width as one cycle. The pattern is a duty represented by the following formula (1). Is 50% or less,
Duty (%) = light period width / (light period width + dark period width) × 100 (1)
At least a part of a region illuminated by a plurality of light sources is a method for cultivating a plant that has an insect repellent effect by being illuminated synchronously by synthesizing illumination patterns from the plurality of light sources.
デューティ(%)=明期幅/(明期幅+暗期幅)×100 (1)
複数の光源により照明される領域の少なくとも一部は、複数の光源からの照明のパターンの合成により、時間的に一定でないパターンで照明されることにより防虫効果を備える、植物の照明栽培方法である。 The present invention is an illumination cultivation method for a plant, wherein illumination is performed using a plurality of light sources having emission peak wavelengths in a region from green to red, and each light source of the plurality of light sources has a predetermined light period. The emission intensity changes independently in a pattern in which the width and the dark period width in which the time average brightness is smaller than the light period width are one cycle, and the pattern has a duty of 50 expressed by the following formula (1). % Or less,
Duty (%) = light period width / (light period width + dark period width) × 100 (1)
At least a part of a region illuminated by a plurality of light sources is a plant lighting cultivation method having an insect repellent effect by being illuminated with a pattern that is not temporally constant by combining illumination patterns from the plurality of light sources. .
デューティ(%)=明期幅/(明期幅+暗期幅)×100 (1)
キクの成長点における明期幅内における放射照度が5mW/m2以上50mW/m2以下であることにより、開花遅延が実用上生じず、複数の光源により照明される領域の少なくとも一部は、複数の光源からの照明のパターンの合成により、同期して又は独立して照明されることにより防蛾効果を備える、キクの照明栽培方法である。 The present invention is a method for cultivating chrysanthemum, wherein the illumination is performed using a plurality of light sources having emission peak wavelengths in a yellow region of the emitted light, and each light source of the plurality of light sources has a predetermined light period width and The light emission intensity changes synchronously or independently in a pattern with a dark period width having a time average brightness smaller than the light period width as one cycle, and the blinking pattern is represented by the following formula (1). The duty is 50% or less,
Duty (%) = light period width / (light period width + dark period width) × 100 (1)
When the irradiance within the light period width at the chrysanthemum growth point is 5 mW / m 2 or more and 50 mW / m 2 or less, flowering delay does not practically occur, and at least a part of the region illuminated by a plurality of light sources is It is a chrysanthemum lighting cultivation method provided with a mildew-proof effect by being illuminated synchronously or independently by synthesis of illumination patterns from a plurality of light sources.
デューティ(%)=明期幅/(明期幅+暗期幅)×100 (1)
照明装置に照明される領域の少なくとも一部は、複数の光源からの照明の点滅パターンの合成により、同期して照明されることにより防虫効果を備える、防虫用照明装置である。 The present invention is an illumination device comprising a plurality of light sources, each light source of the plurality of light sources has an emission peak wavelength in a region from green to red, and each light source has a predetermined light period width, The light emission intensity changes in synchronization with a blinking pattern with a dark period width having a time average brightness smaller than the light period width as one cycle, and the blinking pattern has a duty of 50% expressed by the following formula (1). And
Duty (%) = light period width / (light period width + dark period width) × 100 (1)
At least a part of the region illuminated by the illumination device is an insect proof illumination device that has an insecticidal effect by being illuminated synchronously by synthesizing blinking patterns of illumination from a plurality of light sources.
デューティ(%)=明期幅/(明期幅+暗期幅)×100 (1)
照明装置により照明される領域の少なくとも一部は、複数の光源からの照明のパターンの合成により、時間的に一定でないパターンで照明されることにより防虫効果を備える、防虫用照明装置である。 The present invention is an illuminating device including a plurality of light sources, and each of the light sources has a light emission peak wavelength in a region from green to red, and each light source includes a pulse generation circuit and a light emitting element. A pulse generation circuit for each light source independently generates a pattern having a predetermined light period width and a dark period width whose time average brightness is smaller than the light period width as one cycle, and the light emitting element is a pulse generation circuit The emission intensity varies depending on the pattern generated by the pattern, and the pattern has a duty represented by the following formula (1) of 50% or less,
Duty (%) = light period width / (light period width + dark period width) × 100 (1)
At least a part of the area illuminated by the illumination device is an insect repellent illumination device having an insect repellent effect by being illuminated with a pattern that is not temporally constant by combining illumination patterns from a plurality of light sources.
本発明に係る防虫用照明装置において好ましくは、照明装置は短日植物の栽培用である。 In the insect repellent lighting device according to the present invention, preferably, the duty is 25% or less.
In the insect repellent lighting device according to the present invention, preferably, the lighting device is for cultivation of short-day plants.
(照明栽培の概念)
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1における照明栽培の概念図である。 [Embodiment 1]
(Concept of lighting cultivation)
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of lighting cultivation in
図2は、本発明の一実施の形態において用いる、LED光源の出射光のパルス波形を示す図である。 (LED light source)
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a pulse waveform of emitted light from an LED light source used in an embodiment of the present invention.
防蛾に必要とされる照明時間帯(日光の十分当らない時間である日の入り直後の薄暮期および日の出前の薄明期を含む終夜)を変えることなく、キクに開花遅延させない照明技術を開発するために、本願発明者らは、連続光と比べて総照明時間が短い時間構造である、パルス光に対する開花反応特性を調べた。 (Relationship between pulse lighting cultivation and flowering delay)
To develop lighting technology that does not delay flowering without changing the lighting time zone required for prevention (all night including the twilight period just after sunset and the twilight period before sunrise). In addition, the inventors of the present application investigated the flowering reaction characteristics with respect to pulsed light, which is a time structure in which the total illumination time is shorter than that of continuous light.
次に本願発明者らは、夜蛾類に対するパルス照明の影響に関する基礎実験を行った。 (Elucidation of visual characteristics for night moth lighting)
Next, the inventors of the present application conducted a basic experiment on the influence of pulse illumination on night moths.
次に本願発明者らは、夜蛾類の照明に対する行動特性を解明した。 (Elucidation of behavioral characteristics of night moths for lighting)
Next, the inventors of the present application have elucidated the behavioral characteristics of night owls with respect to lighting.
本願発明者らは、上記の基礎実験に基づいて、以下の実証実験を行った。 (Anti-benefit effect by pulse lighting cultivation)
The inventors of the present application conducted the following demonstration experiment based on the above basic experiment.
本願発明者らは、上記の実験より、以下の知見(確からしい仮説)を得るに至った。 (Knowledge obtained from the above experiments)
The inventors of the present application have obtained the following knowledge (probable hypothesis) from the above experiment.
実施の形態1においては、LEDのパルス点灯により、防蛾効果がありキクの開花遅延を回避できることが示された。一方、単調なパルス点灯の場合には、パルス点灯に夜蛾類が慣れることにより、その行動抑制が弱まることもある。本実施の形態においては、まずこの点について説明する。 [Embodiment 2]
In the first embodiment, it has been shown that the pulse lighting of the LED has an antifungal effect and can avoid the flowering delay of chrysanthemum. On the other hand, in the case of monotonous pulse lighting, the behavioral suppression may be weakened as the night owls get used to pulse lighting. In the present embodiment, this point will be described first.
オオタバコガのオス16頭について、1個の黄色蛍光LED光源を用いた図10に示すアクトグラフを用いて、放射照度を50mW/m2に設定し、明期幅が20ms、暗期幅が80msのパルス条件の下で照明を夜間に行い、飛翔に伴うセンサーの遮断回数を調査した。その結果を図14に示す。図14は、日齢による暗期飛翔活性変化を示す図であり、縦軸はセンサー遮断回数、横軸のD1からD5は日齢である。 (Data showing the familiarity of night owls)
Using the act graph shown in FIG. 10 using one yellow fluorescent LED light source, the irradiance is set to 50 mW / m 2 , the light period width is 20 ms, and the dark period width is 80 ms. Illumination was performed at night under pulsed conditions, and the number of sensor interruptions during flight was investigated. The result is shown in FIG. FIG. 14 is a diagram showing changes in dark-period flight activity with age, where the vertical axis represents the number of sensor interruptions, and the horizontal axis D1 to D5 represents the age.
図15に、圃場内に縦横にLED光源200を配置した状態を上空から見た模式図を示す。 (Embodiment of lighting cultivation using asynchronous multiple light sources)
FIG. 15 shows a schematic view of the state in which the
上述のように各LED光源は独立にパルス点灯(点滅)するため、最初に同期していても点滅のタイミングがずれ、時間的に一定でない照明となる。ここで、表1に基づいて、同期点滅および適度な非同期のパルス発光を実現するための2つの光源周期のばらつきについて考察する。 (Periodic deviation to achieve synchronous flashing and moderate asynchronous flashing)
As described above, since each LED light source is pulse-lit (flashes) independently, the flashing timing is shifted even when synchronized at first, resulting in illumination that is not constant in time. Here, based on Table 1, the variation of the two light source periods for realizing synchronous flashing and moderate asynchronous pulse emission will be considered.
続いて本願発明者らは、図15に示す圃場のQ地点に2つのLED光源A、Bの光が照射される場合の照度変化を計算した。その結果を図18に示す。図18の結果は、基準周期が100ms、明期幅が20ms、暗期幅が80ms、周期偏差が+5%および-5%(偏差5%)という条件で計算されたものである。 (Irradiation pattern by two asynchronous light sources)
Subsequently, the inventors of the present application calculated a change in illuminance when the light of the two LED light sources A and B was irradiated to the point Q of the field shown in FIG. The result is shown in FIG. The results in FIG. 18 are calculated under the conditions that the reference period is 100 ms, the light period width is 20 ms, the dark period width is 80 ms, and the period deviation is + 5% and −5% (
続いて本願発明者らは、図15に示す圃場のR地点において、主として4つのパルス光源A、B、C、Dによって照明される場合の照度変化を計算した。その結果を図19に示す。図19の結果は、基準周期が100ms、明期幅が20ms、暗期幅が80ms、周期偏差が+5%、-5%、+3%および+5%(偏差5%)という条件で計算されたものである。 (Irradiation pattern by four asynchronous light sources)
Subsequently, the inventors of the present application calculated the change in illuminance when illuminated mainly by the four pulsed light sources A, B, C, and D at the R point of the field shown in FIG. The result is shown in FIG. The results in FIG. 19 are calculated under the conditions that the reference period is 100 ms, the light period width is 20 ms, the dark period width is 80 ms, and the period deviation is + 5%, −5%, + 3%, and + 5% (
実施の形態3は、「無処理区」、「非同期照明区」、および「同期照明区」で栽培したキクの生育状況及び夜蛾による被害の状況を調べた。以下においては、「複数の非同期光源」及び「同期光源」を用いたときのキクの育成状況を観察する実験の結果を示す。 [Embodiment 3]
In the third embodiment, the growth situation of chrysanthemum cultivated in the “no treatment zone”, “asynchronous lighting zone”, and “synchronous lighting zone” and the situation of damage caused by night mist were investigated. Below, the result of the experiment which observes the growth condition of chrysanthemum when "a plurality of asynchronous light sources" and "synchronous light source" are used is shown.
本実験では、黄色輪ギク‘精の旗’を、無処理区及び非同期照明区で栽培し、それぞれのキクの生育状況及び夜蛾による被害の状況を対比した。無処理区及び非同期照明区のいずれにおいても、農家慣行にしたがって殺菌剤を使用するとともに、夜蛾類に影響の少ない殺虫剤も使用したが、夜蛾類に影響のある殺ダニ剤は使用しなかった。 (Experiment 1: Contrast between untreated section and asynchronous lighting section)
In this experiment, yellow-wheeled daisy 'Seiki no Hana' was cultivated in the untreated area and the asynchronous lighting area, and the growth situation of each chrysanthemum and the damage caused by night mist were compared. In both the untreated area and the asynchronous lighting area, the fungicide was used according to the farmer's practice, and the insecticide that had little effect on night moss was used, but the acaricide that had an effect on night moss was used. There wasn't.
実験1では、無処理区と非同期照明区とにおけるキクの栽培の被害茎率を対比したが、本実験では、無処理区と同期照明区とにおけるキクの栽培の被害茎率を対比した。すなわち、本実験では、圃場および各LED光源を同期して照明したことが異なる他は、実験1と同様の方法によって輪ギク‘精の波’を栽培した。本実験では、各LED光源として、外部同期信号に同期して駆動するように、上記の非同期照明区で用いたLED光源に外部同期信号端子を接続して改造したものを用いた。このようにして栽培したキクに対し、実験1と同様の方法によってキクの被害茎率を算出した。その結果を図21に示す。 (Experiment 2: Comparison between the untreated section and the synchronized lighting section)
In
実験1および実験2の結果から、非同期照明区および同期照明区でキクを栽培することにより、隣接する無処理区でキクを栽培する場合に比して、キクの被害茎率が約1/4に低減されることが明らかとなった。 <Summary>
From the results of
本実験では、圃場・キクの品種を変更したことが異なる他は、実験1と同様の方法によって無処理区及び非同期照明区でキクを栽培し、それぞれのキクの生育状況及び夜蛾による被害の状況を対比した。すなわち、本実験では、キクとして白色小ギク‘白馬’を用いて無処理区及び非同期照明区におけるキクの生育状況及び夜蛾による被害の状況を対比した。 (Experiment 3: Comparison between untreated section and asynchronous lighting section)
In this experiment, except that the field and chrysanthemum varieties were changed, chrysanthemum was cultivated in the untreated and asynchronous lighting areas in the same way as in
実施の形態4では、圃場における光源の点滅が圃場外に漏れたときにも周辺住民が不快に感じないようにすることを検討した。具体的には、人間が点滅を認識できない程度の高速で光源を点滅させたときの防虫効果を評価した。 [Embodiment 4]
In the fourth embodiment, it has been studied to prevent surrounding residents from feeling uncomfortable even when the flashing of the light source in the field leaks outside the field. Specifically, the insect repellent effect was evaluated when the light source was blinked at such a high speed that humans could not recognize the blink.
実施の形態5では、実施の形態1・実験6の飼育虫の系統を変え、サンプル数を増やして再現実験を行なった。すなわち、夜蛾としてオオタバコガ(オス)およびオオタバコガ(メス)18頭~20頭の個体を用いて、アクトグラフによる飛翔活性測定のデータ数を増やして5日間のデータを積算した。図27は、オオタバコガ(オス)の飛翔による平均遮断回数を示すグラフであり、図28は、オオタバコガ(メス)の飛翔による平均遮断回数を示すグラフである。図27および図28の縦軸は飛翔による平均遮断回数であり、横軸は実験条件(明期幅:暗期幅)である。 [Embodiment 5]
In the fifth embodiment, the reproduction experiment was performed by changing the breeding insect line of the first and experiment 6 and increasing the number of samples. That is, using 18 to 20 individuals of male tobacco (male) and female tobacco (female) as night breams, the number of data of flight activity measurement by actograph was increased and data for 5 days were integrated. FIG. 27 is a graph showing the average number of interruptions due to flying tobacco (male), and FIG. 28 is a graph showing the average number of interruptions due to flying tobacco (female). 27 and FIG. 28, the vertical axis represents the average number of interruptions due to flight, and the horizontal axis represents the experimental conditions (light period width: dark period width).
圃場が市街地に近いなど、圃場の照明を周辺住民が見る可能性のある場合には、防虫効果と共に光の点滅の周辺住民への影響を考慮する必要がある。実施の形態6は、光源の点滅による周辺住民への不快感を低減し、かつ防虫効果を発現し得る光源の光強度変化(波形)に関する。光源の点滅が単純な明期(光量1)と暗期(光量0)とを繰り返すパルス波形であると、明るさの変化が大きいため、特に低周波であると、明暗の変化が明確に認められ、人の視覚への刺激が大きくなる。 [Embodiment 6]
When there is a possibility that neighboring residents can see the lighting of the field, such as when the field is close to an urban area, it is necessary to consider the effect of blinking light on the surrounding residents together with the insect-repellent effect. The sixth embodiment relates to a change in light intensity (waveform) of a light source that can reduce discomfort to neighboring residents due to blinking of the light source and can exhibit an insecticidal effect. If the light source blinks in a pulse waveform that repeats a simple light period (light quantity 1) and dark period (light quantity 0), the change in brightness is large. This increases the stimulation of human vision.
図30に示される波形は、1周期(時間Tw)における明期(時間TL)のピーク光量を1としたときに、暗期としての働きを備える期間である相対的暗期(時間TD)の光量が明期に比べて小さく、0を超える値(例えば0.1)の光強度変化パターンである。 (Waveform example 1)
The waveform shown in FIG. 30 is a relative dark period (time T) which is a period having a function as a dark period when the peak light amount of the light period (time T L ) in one cycle (time T w ) is 1. D ) is a light intensity change pattern in which the amount of light is smaller than that in the light period and exceeds 0 (for example, 0.1).
図31に示される波形は、1周期(時間Tw)における明期(時間TL)のピーク光量を1としたときに、相対的暗期(時間TD)における光量が徐々に減少するように光強度変化パターンを設定する。このような波形は、例えばLED電球505内において、直列に配された発光ダイオード列に対し、コンデンサを並列に配することによって実現することができる。 (Waveform example 2)
The waveform shown in FIG. 31 is such that when the peak light quantity in the light period (time T L ) in one cycle (time T w ) is 1, the light quantity in the relative dark period (time T D ) gradually decreases. A light intensity change pattern is set in. Such a waveform can be realized, for example, by arranging a capacitor in parallel with a series of light emitting diodes arranged in series in the
図32に示される波形は、1周期(時間TW)における明期(時間TL)のピーク光量を1としたときに、相対的暗期(図32中の時間TDを意味する)においてさらに周期TDWの副パルス(暗期中明期(時間TDL)、暗期中暗期(時間TDD))を繰り返すように光強度変化パターンを設定する。 (Waveform example 3)
Waveform shown in FIG. 32, the light phase in one period (time T W) the peak light quantity of (time T L) when a 1, in a relative dark (meaning time T D in FIG. 32) Further, the light intensity change pattern is set so as to repeat the sub-pulses of the period T DW (light period during dark period (time T DL ), dark period during dark period (time T DD )).
図33に示される波形は、1周期(時間TW)における明期(時間TL)のピーク光量を1としたときに、相対的暗期(図33中の時間TDを意味する)においてさらに周期TDWであって、ピーク光量が0.5の副パルス(暗期中明期(時間TDL)、暗期中暗期(時間TDD))を繰り返すように光強度変化パターンを設定する。 (Waveform example 4)
Waveform shown in FIG. 33, light period the peak amount of light (time T L) when a 1 in one cycle (time T W), in a relative dark (meaning time T D in Fig. 33) Further, the light intensity change pattern is set so as to repeat the sub-pulse (the light period during the dark period (time T DL ) and the dark period during the dark period (time T DD )) with the cycle T DW and the peak light quantity.
図34に示される波形は、波形の例2の波形における明期TLに10msの明期中明期および明期中暗期を重畳させるとともに、暗期TDに10msの暗期中明期および暗期中暗期を重畳させたものである。このように2.5Hzのパルスに加え、明期中明期および明期中暗期あるいは暗期中明期および暗期中暗期からなる副パルスを重畳したものとすることにより、人間には副パルスが感じられにくく、明期(TL)における明るさおよび暗期(TD)における明るさが連続的に感じられるため、点滅による不快感を低減することができる。一方、夜蛾類は、明期(TL)および暗期(TD)中の副パルスを分離して点滅したものとして感じるため、これらの副パルスにより虫の活動を抑制することができる。 (Waveform example 5)
Waveform shown in FIG. 34, as well as to superimpose the light phase NakaAkira phase and dark phase of the light phase of 10ms in the light period T L in the example 2 of the waveform of the waveform, dark NakaAkira life and dark phase in 10ms dark period T D The dark period is superimposed. In this way, in addition to the 2.5 Hz pulse, the sub-pulse consisting of the light middle light period and the light middle dark period or the dark middle light period and the dark middle dark period is superimposed, so that humans feel the sub pulse. Since the brightness in the light period (T L ) and the brightness in the dark period (T D ) are continuously felt, discomfort caused by blinking can be reduced. On the other hand, the night moths feel that the subpulses in the light period (T L ) and the dark period (T D ) are separated and blinked, and thus the activity of insects can be suppressed by these subpulses.
図35に示される波形は、人間にとって刺激の少ないサイン波形における明期TLに10msの明期中明期および明期中暗期を重畳させるとともに、暗期TDに10msの暗期中明期および暗期中暗期を重畳させたものである。このように明期中明期および明期中暗期あるいは暗期中明期および暗期中暗期からなる副パルスを重畳させることにより、人間には副パルスが感じられにくく、明期(TL)における明るさおよび暗期(TD)における明るさが連続的に感じられるため、点滅による不快感を低減することができる。一方、夜蛾類は、明期(TL)および相対的暗期(TD)の中の副パルスを分離して点滅したものとして感じるため、これらの副パルスにより虫の活動を抑制することができる。 (Waveform example 6)
Waveform shown in FIG. 35, as well as to superimpose the light phase NakaAkira life and in light phase dark phase of 10ms in the light period T L in small sinusoidal irritating to humans, dark NakaAkira life of 10ms and dark dark period T D The dark period is superimposed. In this way, by superimposing the subpulses consisting of the light period, the light period, the light period, the dark period, or the dark period, the light period, and the dark period, the subpulse is less likely to be perceived by humans, and the brightness in the light period (T L ). Since the brightness in the dark and dark periods (T D ) is continuously felt, discomfort caused by blinking can be reduced. On the other hand, night moths feel that the secondary pulses in the light period (T L ) and the relative dark period (T D ) are separated and flashing, and thus these side pulses suppress insect activity. Can do.
上記の波形の例3~6においては、1つの光源が全体として主パルスと副パルスからなる波形を有するものとしたが、1つの光源に低周波パルスLED列(例えば明期幅200、暗期幅800ms)と高周波パルスLED列(例えば明期幅8ms、暗期幅32ms)とを内蔵して、その両者の合成光を照射してもよい。高周波パルスの周波数は低周波パルスの周波数の4倍以上であることが好ましい。 (Summary)
In the above waveform examples 3 to 6, it is assumed that one light source has a waveform composed of a main pulse and a sub pulse as a whole, but a low frequency pulse LED array (for example,
実施の形態7は、光源の点滅が目的とする照明範囲外に漏れることによって周辺住民に与える影響を低減するための照明システムに関する。図36は、防虫効果を備える照明領域である圃場とその周辺領域の斜視図である。図36に示されるように、住宅513、車道512、および歩道511がこの順に隣接している。そして、歩道511に隣接して圃場501が設けられており、圃場501に柱502が立てられている。圃場501からの高さHが1.8mとなるように柱502の間に3列の電線503を張っている。電線503には6m間隔に5個のLED電球505を配置している。LED電球505は、図16に示すLED光源200と同じものを用いている。LED電球505は独立に周期的に点滅または光強度変化しており、その周期はたとえば明期幅20ms、暗期幅80msである。なお、上記光強度変化の周波数は、0.5Hz以上60Hz以下であることが好ましい。このような範囲で防虫効果が高いからである。 [Embodiment 7]
The seventh embodiment relates to a lighting system for reducing the influence on surrounding residents due to the flashing of the light source leaking outside the target lighting range. FIG. 36 is a perspective view of a farm field that is an illumination area having an insect repellent effect and its peripheral area. As shown in FIG. 36, a
実施の形態8は、光源の点滅が圃場外に漏れることによって周辺住民へ与える不快感を低減する照明システムである。図39は、防虫効果を備える照明領域である圃場とその周辺領域を示す斜視図である。図39に示されるように、歩道511に隣接して圃場501が設けられており、圃場に柱502が立てられている。柱502の間に電線503を張っており、電線503には等間隔にLED電球505(LED光源200と同じもの)を配置している。LED電球505は独立に周期的に点滅または光強度変化しており、その周期はたとえば明期幅20ms、暗期幅80msである。 [Embodiment 8]
The eighth embodiment is an illumination system that reduces discomfort given to neighboring residents by the flashing of the light source leaking out of the field. FIG. 39 is a perspective view showing a farm field that is an illumination area having an insect repellent effect and its peripheral area. As shown in FIG. 39, an
実施の形態9は、大規模農場において植物を栽培するときの防虫用照明システムである。図40は、大規模農場において植物を栽培するときの防虫用照明システムを示す模式的な斜視図である。図40に示される防虫用照明システムでは、綿(コットン)の無農薬・減農薬栽培を想定しているが、このような作物のみに限られるものではない。 [Embodiment 9]
Claims (25)
- 植物の照明栽培方法であって、
前記照明は、出射光が緑色から赤色の領域に発光ピーク波長を有する複数の光源を用いて行い、
前記複数の光源の各光源は、所定の明期幅と、前記明期幅より時間平均明るさが小さい暗期幅とを1周期とするパターンで同期して発光強度が変化するものであり、
前記パターンは、下記式(1)で示されるデューティが50%以下であり、
デューティ(%)=明期幅/(明期幅+暗期幅)×100 (1)
前記複数の光源により照明される領域の少なくとも一部は、前記複数の光源からの照明のパターンの合成により、同期して照明されることにより防虫効果を備える、植物の照明栽培方法。 A lighting cultivation method for plants,
The illumination is performed using a plurality of light sources having an emission peak wavelength in a region from green to red.
Each light source of the plurality of light sources has a light emission intensity that changes in synchronization with a pattern having a predetermined light period width and a dark period width having a time average brightness smaller than the light period width as one cycle,
In the pattern, the duty represented by the following formula (1) is 50% or less,
Duty (%) = light period width / (light period width + dark period width) × 100 (1)
At least a part of the region illuminated by the plurality of light sources is an illumination cultivation method for plants having an insect repellent effect by being illuminated synchronously by synthesis of illumination patterns from the plurality of light sources. - 植物の照明栽培方法であって、
前記照明は、出射光が緑色から赤色の領域に発光ピーク波長を有する複数の光源を用いて行い、
前記複数の光源の各光源は、所定の明期幅と、前記明期幅より時間平均明るさが小さい暗期幅とを1周期とするパターンで独立して発光強度が変化するものであり、
前記パターンは、下記式(1)で示されるデューティが50%以下であり、
デューティ(%)=明期幅/(明期幅+暗期幅)×100 (1)
前記複数の光源により照明される領域の少なくとも一部は、前記複数の光源からの照明のパターンの合成により、時間的に一定でないパターンで照明されることにより防虫効果を備える、植物の照明栽培方法。 A lighting cultivation method for plants,
The illumination is performed using a plurality of light sources having an emission peak wavelength in a region from green to red.
Each light source of the plurality of light sources has a light intensity that changes independently in a pattern having a predetermined light period width and a dark period width having a time average brightness smaller than the light period width as one cycle,
In the pattern, the duty represented by the following formula (1) is 50% or less,
Duty (%) = light period width / (light period width + dark period width) × 100 (1)
At least a part of the region illuminated by the plurality of light sources has a repellent effect by being illuminated with a pattern that is not temporally constant by synthesizing patterns of illumination from the plurality of light sources. . - 前記複数の光源間における前記1周期の偏差は1×10-5以上20%以下である、請求項2に記載の植物の照明栽培方法。 The illumination cultivation method of the plant according to claim 2, wherein the deviation of the one cycle between the plurality of light sources is 1 x 10-5 or more and 20% or less.
- 前記暗期幅が16ms以上5000ms以下である、請求項1に記載の植物の照明栽培方法。 The lighting cultivation method of a plant according to claim 1, wherein the dark period width is 16 ms or more and 5000 ms or less.
- 前記明期幅が4ms以上1000ms以下である、請求項1に記載の植物の照明栽培方法。 The lighting cultivation method for plants according to claim 1, wherein the light period width is 4 ms or more and 1000 ms or less.
- 前記複数の光源の各光源からの出射光が、黄色に発光ピーク波長を有する、請求項1に記載の植物の照明栽培方法。 The lighting cultivation method of a plant according to claim 1, wherein light emitted from each of the plurality of light sources has a light emission peak wavelength in yellow.
- 前記デューティが25%以下である、請求項1に記載の植物の照明栽培方法。 The plant lighting cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the duty is 25% or less.
- 前記照明栽培される植物は、請求項1に記載の植物の照明栽培方法によっても開花遅延が実用上生じない短日植物である、請求項1に記載の植物の照明栽培方法。 2. The plant illumination cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the plant subjected to illumination cultivation is a short-day plant in which flowering delay does not practically occur even by the plant illumination cultivation method according to claim 1.
- 前記植物の成長点における前記明期幅内における放射照度が5mW/m2以上50mW/m2以下である、請求項8に記載の植物の照明栽培方法。 The illumination cultivation method of the plant according to claim 8, wherein the irradiance within the light period width at the growth point of the plant is 5 mW / m 2 or more and 50 mW / m 2 or less.
- キクの照明栽培方法であって、
前記照明は、出射光が黄色の領域に発光ピーク波長を有する複数の光源を用いて行い、
前記複数の光源の各光源は、所定の明期幅と、前記明期幅より時間平均明るさが小さい暗期幅とを1周期とするパターンで同期して又は独立して発光強度が変化するものであり、
前記パターンは、下記式(1)で示されるデューティが50%以下であり、
デューティ(%)=明期幅/(明期幅+暗期幅)×100 (1)
前記キクの成長点における前記明期幅内における放射照度が5mW/m2以上50mW/m2以下であることにより、開花遅延が実用上生じず、
前記複数の光源により照明される領域の少なくとも一部は、前記複数の光源からの照明のパターンの合成により、同期して又は独立して照明されることにより防蛾効果を備える、キクの照明栽培方法。 A method of lighting cultivation of chrysanthemum,
The illumination is performed using a plurality of light sources having emission peak wavelengths in a region where the emitted light is yellow.
Each light source of the plurality of light sources changes in emission intensity in synchronization or independently with a pattern having a predetermined light period width and a dark period width whose time average brightness is smaller than the light period width as one cycle. Is,
In the pattern, the duty represented by the following formula (1) is 50% or less,
Duty (%) = light period width / (light period width + dark period width) × 100 (1)
When the irradiance within the light period width at the chrysanthemum growth point is 5 mW / m 2 or more and 50 mW / m 2 or less, a flowering delay does not occur practically,
At least part of the region illuminated by the plurality of light sources is provided with an antifungal effect by being illuminated synchronously or independently by synthesizing illumination patterns from the plurality of light sources. Method. - 複数の光源からなる照明装置であって、
前記複数の光源の各光源は、出射光が緑色から赤色の領域に発光ピーク波長を有し、
前記各光源は、所定の明期幅と、前記明期幅より時間平均明るさが小さい暗期幅とを1周期とするパターンで同期して発光強度が変化するものであり、
前記パターンは、下記式(1)で示されるデューティが50%以下であり、
デューティ(%)=明期幅/(明期幅+暗期幅)×100 (1)
前記照明装置に照明される領域の少なくとも一部は、前記複数の光源からの照明のパターンの合成により、同期して照明されることにより防虫効果を備える、防虫用照明装置。 An illumination device comprising a plurality of light sources,
Each light source of the plurality of light sources has an emission peak wavelength in a region where the emitted light is from green to red,
Each of the light sources has a light emission intensity that changes in synchronization with a pattern having a predetermined light period width and a dark period width having a time average brightness smaller than the light period width as one cycle,
In the pattern, the duty represented by the following formula (1) is 50% or less,
Duty (%) = light period width / (light period width + dark period width) × 100 (1)
At least a part of a region illuminated by the illumination device is an insect proof illumination device having an insecticidal effect by being illuminated synchronously by synthesis of illumination patterns from the plurality of light sources. - 前記各光源は、外部から供給される同期信号に同期して点滅し、
前記外部から供給される同期信号は、有線、無線、光信号又は電源線に重畳のいずれかの同期信号伝達手段によって伝達される、請求項11に記載の防虫用照明装置。 Each light source flashes in synchronization with a synchronization signal supplied from the outside,
The insect-control lighting device according to claim 11, wherein the synchronization signal supplied from the outside is transmitted by a synchronization signal transmission unit that is superimposed on a wired, wireless, optical signal, or power line. - 複数の光源からなる照明装置であって、
前記複数の光源の各光源は、出射光が緑色から赤色の領域に発光ピーク波長を有し、
前記複数の光源は、パルス発生回路及び発光素子を備え、
前記各光源のパルス発生回路は、独立して所定の明期幅と前記明期幅より時間平均明るさが小さい暗期幅を1周期とするパターンを生成し、
前記発光素子は前記パルス発生回路が生成するパターンにより発光強度が変化するものであり、
前記パターンは、下記式(1)で示されるデューティが50%以下であり、
デューティ(%)=明期幅/(明期幅+暗期幅)×100 (1)
前記照明装置により照明される領域の少なくとも一部は、前記複数の光源からの照明のパターンの合成により、時間的に一定でないパターンで照明されることにより防虫効果を備える、防虫用照明装置。 An illumination device comprising a plurality of light sources,
Each light source of the plurality of light sources has an emission peak wavelength in a region where the emitted light is from green to red,
The plurality of light sources includes a pulse generation circuit and a light emitting element,
The pulse generation circuit of each light source independently generates a pattern having a predetermined light period width and a dark period width having a time average brightness smaller than the light period width as one cycle,
The light emitting element has a light emission intensity that varies depending on a pattern generated by the pulse generation circuit,
In the pattern, the duty represented by the following formula (1) is 50% or less,
Duty (%) = light period width / (light period width + dark period width) × 100 (1)
At least a part of a region illuminated by the illumination device is provided with an insect repellent effect by being illuminated with a pattern that is not constant in time by combining illumination patterns from the plurality of light sources. - 前記複数の光源の1周期の偏差は1×10-5以上20%以下である、請求項13に記載の防虫用照明装置。 The insect-control lighting device according to claim 13, wherein a deviation of one cycle of the plurality of light sources is 1 × 10 −5 or more and 20% or less.
- 前記暗期幅が16ms以上5000ms以下である、請求項11に記載の防虫用照明装置。 The insect-control lighting device according to claim 11, wherein the dark period width is 16 ms or more and 5000 ms or less.
- 前記明期幅が4ms以上1000ms以下である、請求項11に記載の防虫用照明装置。 The insect-control lighting device according to claim 11, wherein the light period width is 4 ms or more and 1000 ms or less.
- 前記複数の光源の各光源からの出射光が、黄色の領域に発光ピーク波長を有する、請求項11に記載の防虫用照明装置。 The insect-control lighting device according to claim 11, wherein light emitted from each light source of the plurality of light sources has a light emission peak wavelength in a yellow region.
- 前記デューティが25%以下である、請求項11に記載の防虫用照明装置。 The lighting device for insect repellent according to claim 11, wherein the duty is 25% or less.
- 前記照明装置は短日植物の栽培用である、請求項11に記載の防虫用照明装置。 The lighting device for insect repellent according to claim 11, wherein the lighting device is for cultivation of short-day plants.
- 前記植物の成長点における前記明期幅内における放射照度が5mW/m2以上50mW/m2以下である、請求項19に記載の防虫用照明装置。 The illuminating device for insect control according to claim 19, wherein the irradiance within the light period width at the growth point of the plant is 5 mW / m 2 or more and 50 mW / m 2 or less.
- 複数の第1の光源及び1または2以上の第2の光源を用いる照明システムであって、
前記複数の第1の光源は、出射光が緑色から赤色の領域に発光ピーク波長を有し、防虫効果を備える周波数で光強度が変化することにより第1の領域を照射し、
前記1または2以上の第2の光源は、人間が連続点灯と認識できる状態で点灯して前記第1の領域に隣接し人間が存在することのある領域を照射することにより、前記第1の領域における防虫効果を備える、防虫用照明システム。 An illumination system using a plurality of first light sources and one or more second light sources,
The plurality of first light sources irradiate the first region by changing the light intensity at a frequency having an emission peak wavelength in a region from green to red and having an insect repellent effect,
The one or two or more second light sources are lit in a state in which a human can recognize continuous lighting and irradiate a region where a human may exist adjacent to the first region. Insect control lighting system with insect control effect in the area. - 複数の光源及びセンサを備える照明システムであって、
前記複数の光源は、出射光が緑色から赤色の領域に発光ピーク波長を有し、防虫効果を備える周波数で点滅して第1の領域を照射し、
前記センサは、第1の領域または第1の領域に隣接する領域のいずれか一方もしくは両方における人間を検知して、前記複数の光源を消灯あるいは人間が連続点灯と認識できる状態で点灯させて、前記第1の領域における防虫効果を備える、防虫用照明システム。 An illumination system comprising a plurality of light sources and sensors,
The plurality of light sources irradiate the first region with emission light having a light emission peak wavelength in a region from green to red, blinking at a frequency having an insect repellent effect,
The sensor detects a person in one or both of the first area and the area adjacent to the first area, and turns on the plurality of light sources in a state where the light source is turned off or the person can recognize continuous lighting, An insect repellent lighting system having an insect repellent effect in the first region. - 光量が変化する光源を備える防虫用照明装置であって、
前記光源は、出射光が緑色から赤色の領域に発光ピーク波長を有し、
前記光源の光量は、明期及び時間平均明るさが明期より相対的に暗い相対的暗期の繰り返しによる主パルスと、前記明期内または前記相対的暗期内における副パルスとによって周期的に変化し、
前記副パルスの周波数は、前記主パルスの周波数の4倍以上である、防虫用照明装置。 An insect repellent lighting device including a light source that changes the amount of light,
The light source has an emission peak wavelength in a region where the emitted light is from green to red,
The amount of light of the light source is periodically determined by a main pulse by repeating a relative dark period in which the light period and time average brightness are relatively darker than the light period, and a sub pulse in the light period or the relative dark period. Change to
The insect-control lighting device, wherein the frequency of the sub-pulse is four times or more the frequency of the main pulse. - 前記主パルスの周波数は10Hz以下であり、前記副パルスの周波数は60Hz以下である、請求項23に記載の防虫用照明装置。 The insect-control lighting device according to claim 23, wherein the frequency of the main pulse is 10 Hz or less and the frequency of the sub-pulse is 60 Hz or less.
- 第1の周波数で光量が周期的に変化する第1の光源と、第2の周波数で光量が周期的に変化する第2の光源を備える防虫用照明システムであって、
第1の光源及び第2の光源は、いずれも出射光が緑色から赤色の領域に発光ピーク波長を有し、
前記第1の周波数は前記第2の周波数の4倍以上であり、
前記第1の光源及び前記第2の光源の両方で照射される領域を備える、防虫用照明システム。 An insect repellent lighting system comprising a first light source whose light amount periodically changes at a first frequency and a second light source whose light amount periodically changes at a second frequency,
Each of the first light source and the second light source has an emission peak wavelength in a region where the emitted light is from green to red,
The first frequency is at least four times the second frequency;
An insect repellent lighting system comprising a region irradiated with both the first light source and the second light source.
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JP5930516B2 (en) | 2016-06-08 |
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CN102821594A (en) | 2012-12-12 |
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