JPH09313036A - Control over artificial lightening in cultivation of chrysanthemum - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for controlling the artificial lightening in cultivation of chrysanthemums by which noctuids can be controlled and the flowering can be suppressed. SOLUTION: Yellow lamps La comprising plural yellow fluorescent lamps are arranged at a regular interval parallel to a ridge surface for planting chrysanthemums and each yellow lamp La is lit so as to provide >=36 lux illuminance of a position at about 1.2m which is at least the average height of a growing point of the chrysanthemums from the ground surface during a period for performing the suppression of the flowering thereof. In this case, the height, interval and number of the yellow lamps La are set so that the yellow lamps La may be lit at 100% rating with a dimming lighting device LC to afford the illuminance. In the period for providing only controlling effects, the brightness of each yellow lamp La is dimmed and controlled with the dimming lighting device LC and set so as to keep the illuminance at about 1.2m height within the range of 1 to 4 lux.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for controlling artificial lighting in growing chrysanthemums.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in horticulture, especially cultivating chrysanthemums, an illuminating method has been adopted to suppress flowering and adjust the shipping time. In this case, an incandescent lamp can be used to illuminate chrysanthemum with an illuminance of 50 to 60 lux to delay flowering of chrysanthemum, which is a short-day plant. For example, the shipment of "Hideyoshi no Riki" seeds with a natural flowering period in late October was artificially suppressed by lightning from November to early May of the following year.

On the other hand, the moths, which are pests of chrysanthemums, are from June to 1
It occurred until around January and caused damage to chrysanthemums. Conventionally, pesticides have been used to control these moths.

[0004]

The above-mentioned moths fly to night chrysanthemum leaves and flowers and lay eggs, and hatched larvae eat and damage the leaves and flowers. The countermeasure is pesticide spraying, but there is a problem that the insecticidal effect is reduced due to the emergence of pests resistant to pesticides. In addition, if the larvae of the hatching moths enter the flower buds, the effect of pesticides cannot be expected. Therefore, a new control method is required.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling artificial lighting in cultivating chrysanthemums, which aims to control spores and to suppress flowering. .

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the invention of claim 1 has a moth-preventing effect when illuminating with a yellow lamp and does not suppress flowering of chrysanthemums. Set the time to control to the level illuminance and the time to control to the high level illuminance, which is effective in suppressing flowering, according to the time each needs it. It is possible to control the yellows only by controlling the lighting of the yellow lamp. At the same time, the flowering can be suppressed, and at the time when the flowering suppression is unnecessary, the control can be performed without affecting the flowering, and the pesticide spraying work for the control of the moths is not necessary, so that the work can be reduced.

According to the invention of claim 2, in the invention of claim 1, from the planting time to the time when the suppression of flowering becomes unnecessary,
The brightness of the yellow lamp is controlled so that the illuminance of the illuminated plant becomes a high level illuminance during a certain time period at night, and the illuminance on the upper leaves of the chrysanthemum is low during the time period when moth control is required outside the above time period. The brightness of the yellow lamp is controlled to reach the illuminance level, and until the time when moth control is no longer required after the above period, the illuminance on the upper leaves of the chrysanthemum becomes a low level illuminance during the time when moth control is required. As described above, the lighting of the yellow lamp is controlled, and the flowering time of the chrysanthemums can be adjusted so that the chrysanthemums can be shipped at an optimum time, and the chrysanthemums can be shipped with good quality without insect damage.

The invention of claim 3 is characterized in that, in the inventions of claims 1 and 2, the high illuminance level is 36 lux or more, and it has a remarkable effect in suppressing flowering of chrysanthemums, especially "Hideyoshi's power". is there. The invention of claim 4 is characterized in that, in the inventions of claims 1 and 2, the low illuminance level is 1 to 4 lux, it does not affect flowering, and it does not affect flowering. The effect is obtained.

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION First, the principle of controlling worms, which is the basis of the present invention, by illumination will be described. There are two types of vision of the pearl moth, "light adaptation" in the daytime and "dark adaptation" in the nighttime. The pearl moth is nocturnal, and the problem of dark adaptation that causes damage is a problem. Therefore, if the light during dark adaptation is light adapted by turning on the yellow lamp, the activity of the moths can be suppressed. If the activity of the moths can be suppressed, the sucking activity and the spawning activity at night can be reduced, and the damage to the cultivated plants can be reduced. Therefore, as a general rule, it is necessary to turn on the yellow lamp all night from evening to dawn, and it is also necessary to turn on the yellow lamp earlier than the time when worries may occur.

On the other hand, when the flowering of a plant is suppressed by illumination, there is a minimum illuminance at which a flowering suppressing effect is sufficiently obtained. In addition, there is a minimum illuminance at which flowering is affected, although the effect of suppressing flowering is not sufficiently obtained. Therefore, if the aim is to control spores without affecting the flowering of plants,
It is necessary to set the illuminance from the minimum illuminance that suppresses activity by adapting the pearl moths to less than the minimum illuminance that affects flowering. Further, in order to obtain a sufficient flowering suppressing effect, it is necessary to set the illuminance to be equal to or higher than the minimum illuminance at which the flowering suppressing effect is sufficiently obtained.

The inventors of the present invention have focused their attention on the fact that lighting can control spores and suppression of flowering. He invented the illumination method to be realized. The method of the present invention will be described in detail below. First, the present inventors carried out the following experiment on the ridges in which chrysanthemums were actually planted in order to identify the control effect and the illuminance at which the flowering was started.
The varieties of chrysanthemum used in the experiments were "Castle town" and "Ariake".
(The natural flowering period is from mid to late September).

FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the illuminance measuring points and the lamp position during the experiment. In the case of FIG. 6, a straight tube type yellow fluorescent lamp (FL40S.YF [Matsushita Electronics Industrial]) is used as the yellow lamp. As shown in the drawing, La was used and the lamp was arranged so that the axial direction of the lamp was orthogonal to the ground and the central portion was located at a height of 3 m above the ground. And the height of the illuminance measurement point is 1.2m
In addition, the survey points were horizontally spaced along the ridge at intervals of 3 m from 6 to 15 m, and further, 30 m at a total of 7 spots. Also, the yellow lamp La is lit 100% and its lighting time is set as an initial setting from 7 pm to 5 am the next morning, and then according to the change of the day length, it is based on lighting from before sunset until just after sunrise. It was changed as appropriate according to the activity hours of each class.

[0013] Thus, the control effect of the moths is investigated by planting chrysanthemum seedlings on the ridges and turning on the yellow lamp La at the same time, and one week after the lighting, any 50 stalks at each survey point are set at two-week intervals. About the damage investigation of the pearl moths was conducted by the investigation, and the damaged stem was removed each time. Here, the moths that damage the chrysanthemums are Spodoptera litura, Tobacco moth, and Spodoptera litura. The damage by the two moths of the former was determined by feeding damage near the growth point of the chrysanthemum, and by the leaf.

Table 1 shows a summary of the above survey results.
Further, Table 2 summarizes the horizontal illuminance and the maximum illuminance measured at 1 m intervals in the horizontal direction from the yellow lamp La 30 days after lighting. The results of the survey are not shown because there was almost no food damage caused by Spodoptera litura.

[0015]

[Table 1]

[0016]

[Table 2]

The above results show that the controlling effect against two types of sword-flies, Spodoptera litura and Tobacco budworm, is remarkably recognized within 12 m from the yellow lamp La. It can be inferred that the illuminance related to it is 1.2 lux above the ground and 1 lux is the lowest point. From the above, in order to obtain a high control effect against the moths,
It is better to start lighting by the first occurrence because it requires a period of 1 lux or more at 1.2 m above the ground and starting lighting from the existing occurrence requires a period from egg to pupa to stabilize the effect. it can.

On the other hand, the investigation on the influence on flowering was carried out just before the start of harvesting (59th day) by dividing the plant height, the number of leaves and the degree of flowering into 5 stages from to as shown in FIG. . Tables 3, 4, and 5 summarize the results of the survey on the relationship between the distance from the yellow lamp La and the degree of flowering, the distance from the yellow lamp La and the plant height, and the distance from the yellow lamp La and the number of leaves. Is.

[0019]

[Table 3]

[0020]

[Table 4]

[0021]

[Table 5]

[6] was noticeable, there was no effect at 6 m or more, and the delay in flowering was 5 to 7 days. The illuminance at the 3m point was 12.0 lux (maximum illuminance) at 1.2m above the ground, and was 4.2 lux at the 6m point. The plant height tended to be slightly longer just below the lamp, but there was no significant difference in the number of leaves. No particular effect on quality was observed.

In the "Castle Town" species, no significant difference was observed in the degree of flowering, but 3 m from the yellow lamp La as well.
It can be seen that there is a slight tendency for flowering delay within the range of. Moreover, the plant height and the number of leaves tended to increase slightly under the lamp. Roughly no effect on quality was observed. In this way, it is speculated that the "Ariake" variety has a stronger reaction to the yellow lamp than the "Castle Town" variety, and it is considered that there is a difference depending on the variety.

The above experiment was carried out on two kinds of chrysanthemums of "Ariake" and "Castle town", but a yellow lamp La of another variety "Hideyoshi no Riki" (natural development period late October)
Was installed at a height of 1.8 m above the ground, and after two weeks had passed from the time when the day length became shorter than the limit day length, the yellow lamp La was turned on from 22:00 pm to 2:00 am, and a similar experiment was conducted. When the relationship between the horizontal illuminance on the ridges and the number of days from the planting day to the arrival of flowers (blooming) was measured, it was as shown in FIG. 8 (a). Further, when the relationship between the horizontal illuminance and the cut flower stem length was measured, it became as shown in FIG. 8 (b). Further, the relationship between the stem length after pinching and the number of days from the pinching day was measured under illumination of an incandescent lamp and a yellow lamp La, and the result was as shown in FIG. 8 (c).

From the above results, it was found that the horizontal illuminance on the surface of the ridge needs to be 36 lux or more in order to completely suppress the flowering of "Hideyoshi no Riki" species. Originally, the illuminance on the upper leaf near the growth point should be measured, but the position of the upper leaf approaches the light source as the chrysanthemum grows. The illuminance on the surface of the ridge is used as a representative value because there is an effect in suppressing the flowering if the illuminance is at least the minimum illuminance (the illuminance at higher positions is naturally higher than this value, and there is a flowering suppressing effect). .

Under the illuminance effective for suppressing flowering, the day of flowering was the same as that of the yellow lamp La and the incandescent lamp. The total number of cut flowers, the number of willow leaves, and the number of tongue flowers did not change. From such experimental results, in order to obtain a sufficient flowering suppressing effect when cultivating various chrysanthemums such as "Ariake" and "Hideyoshi no Riki" species, it is sufficient that the surface of the ridge has an illuminance of 36 lux or more. I found out.

On the other hand, it has been found that a control effect of 1 lux or more is required to obtain the controlling effect on the pearl moths, but the illuminance affecting flowering is 4.2 lux or more in the "Ariake" species. It was found that the upper limit of the illuminance should be approximately 1 lux or more and approximately 4 lux on the surface of the ridge in order to obtain the control effect without affecting flowering in various chrysanthemums in consideration of variations in varieties.

Therefore, the horizontal illuminance on the surface of the ridge is adjusted so that the flowering suppressing effect can be sufficiently obtained during the period of lighting for flowering suppressing during the period in which flowering suppressing is performed and the period for controlling moths. The yellow lamp La is lit so that it is about 36 lux or more, and the illuminance is less than the illuminance that affects flowering in the time period when moths are required below the above time period and the illuminance range above which the control effect is obtained. The lighting of the yellow lamp La is controlled so as to be (approximately 1 to 4 lux), and the flowering suppression is not required, but at a illuminance that is less than the illuminance that affects flowering during the period in which control of spores is required. And the range of illuminance above which the control effect can be obtained (approximately 1 to 4 lux)
The lighting of the yellow lamp La is controlled so that As described above, the pest control and the flowering suppression can be performed at the same time only by controlling the lighting of the yellow lamp without spraying the pesticide for controlling the spores.

(Example 1) As shown in FIG. 1, a yellow lamp La composed of a plurality of yellow fluorescent lamps is arranged at equal intervals in parallel to the surface of a ridge where chrysanthemums are planted (denoted as the ground), to suppress flowering. Each of the yellow lamps La is turned on so that the horizontal illuminance on the surface of the ridge becomes approximately 36 lux or more in a required time period during the period. The height of each yellow lamp La,
The intervals and the numbers are set so that the above-mentioned illuminance can be obtained when the respective yellow lamps La are lighted by the dimming lighting device CR at a rated rate of 100%. Then, in the time zone and period for obtaining only the controlling effect, the dimming control of the brightness of each yellow lamp La is performed by the dimming lighting device LC so that the maximum illuminance falls within the range of approximately 1 lux to approximately 4 lux. Set.

In this way, if the yellow lamp La is arranged and the lighting of the yellow lamp La is controlled, two illuminance levels can be set without lowering the balance, and the control effect is less than 1 lux. Area output can be prevented. FIG. 2 shows an example of a lighting control pattern for planting Akiyoshigiku in August and shipping it at the end of December, using this embodiment. , Period A for controlling spores and suppressing flowering is 1
The period is set until mid-October, and the period from the end of this period until the end of November is set as non-blooming suppression period B for controlling spores.

In period A, as shown in FIG. 3, the period from 10:00 pm to 2:00 am on the following day is designated as the flowering suppression time zone a, and the time zone b from 6:00 pm to 10:00 pm and the morning of the next day. The time zone c from 2:00 to 6:00 am is set as the time zone for the control, and in the time zones b and c, each yellow lamp La is set so that the illuminance falls within the range of 1 to 4 lux. The dimming control is performed and the above-mentioned illuminance is 36 in the time zone a.
Each yellow lamp La is rated 10 so that it looks or better.
Turn on at 0%.

In the period B, as shown in FIG. 4, a time zone d from 6:00 pm to 6:00 am on the next day is set as a time zone for control, and in the time zone d, the above-mentioned illuminance is 1 to 4
Each yellow lamp La so that the illuminance is within the range of looks
Dimming control. Yellow lamp La except for time zones a to d
Is a faulty state. As described above, in the present example, chrysanthemums can be flowered while controlling chrysanthemums while suppressing flowering of chrysanthemums and without damaging the moths at a desired shipping time.

(Embodiment 2) In the embodiment 1, the low illuminance is obtained by adjusting the light of the yellow lamp La, but in this embodiment, the illumination system for suppressing the flowering and the illumination for the control are provided. As shown in Fig. 5, a yellow lamp La of an illumination system for suppressing flowering is installed at a position close to the ground as shown in Fig. 5.
The yellow lamp Lab of the illumination system, in which a is arranged and is turned on only in the time zone of the control effect, is provided by the yellow lamp L in order to obtain the equalization degree.
Place it at a position higher than aa, and turn on the yellow lamp Laa at a rating of 100% during the time period for suppressing flowering, and
An illuminance in the range of 1 to 4 lux is obtained by turning on the yellow lamp Lab at a rating of 100% in a time zone in which the illuminance is higher than or equal to the looks and only the control effect is obtained. Of course, a low-rated yellow lamp Lab ′ may be used as the yellow lamp Lab, and the installation height thereof may be arranged to be substantially the same as the height position of the yellow lamp Laa. In this case the yellow lamp L
It is necessary to increase the number of ab '.

In the present embodiment as well, by controlling the lamps Laa, Lab (or Lab ') in accordance with the lighting control pattern of FIG. By suppressing the flowering of chrysanthemums, the chrysanthemums can be flowered at the desired shipping time without damage to the pearl oysters. In addition, the yellow lamp L of each of Examples 1 and 2
As a, Laa, Lab, and Lab ', it is preferable to adopt the one having a narrow spectral distribution characteristic that the light wavelength has a peak value of about 580 nm and 500 nm or less, and a component of 700 nm or more, and controlling the flowering of the pearl moth. It is preferable to carry out suppression.

[0035]

According to the invention of claim 1, when illuminating with a yellow lamp, the illuminance on the upper leaves of chrysanthemums being cultivated for moth control is in the range of about 1 to about 4 lux. The time to control the brightness of the yellow lamp and the time to control the lighting of the yellow lamp so that the illuminance on the upper leaves of the chrysanthemum is approximately 36 lux or more for the purpose of suppressing flowering Since it is set correspondingly, it is possible to control moths only by controlling the lighting of the yellow lamp, and it is also possible to suppress flowering, and at the time when flowering suppression is not necessary, it can be controlled without affecting flowering. Since the pesticide spraying work for controlling pests is unnecessary, there is an effect that the work can be reduced.

According to the invention of claim 2, in the inventions of claims 1 and 2, the illuminance of the plant to be illuminated is approximately 3 during a certain period of night from the planting time to the time when the suppression of flowering is unnecessary.
Brightness of the yellow lamp is controlled so that the brightness of the yellow lamp is controlled to be 6 lux or more, and the illuminance on the upper leaves of the chrysanthemum is about 1 to about 4 lux in times other than the above times when moth control is required. Control, and until the time when moth control is no longer necessary after the above time, turn on the yellow lamp so that the illuminance on the upper leaves of the chrysanthemum is about 1 to about 4 lux in the time period when moth control is required. Since the control is performed, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 1, there is an effect that the flowering time can be adjusted so that the chrysanthemum flowers can be shipped at an optimum time, and high-quality chrysanthemum flowers without insect damage can be shipped. .

The invention of claim 3 is as follows. In the invention of claims 1 and 2, the yellow lamp has a light wavelength having a peak value of about 580 nm.
Since the one having a narrow spectral distribution characteristic having no components of 500 nm or less and 700 nm or more was used, there is an effect that the most optimum control of the stag species and suppression of flowering can be realized.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a lamp arrangement according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a lighting control pattern of the above.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of illuminance control of the above.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of illuminance control in the same as above.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a lamp arrangement according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram during a test.

FIG. 7 is a reference example diagram of the above-mentioned flowering degree.

FIG. 8 is a graph of another experimental result.

[Explanation of symbols]

La yellow lamp
. LC dimmer

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. When illuminating with a yellow lamp, there is a moth-preventing effect, and a time for controlling to a low level illuminance that does not suppress flowering of chrysanthemums, and a high-level illuminance effective for suppressing flowering. A method for controlling artificial lighting in chrysanthemum cultivation, characterized in that the control time is set according to the time required by each. 2. The brightness of the yellow lamp is controlled so that the illuminance of the plant to be illuminated becomes a high level illuminance during a fixed time period at night from the planting time to the time when the suppression of flowering is unnecessary.
Until the time when moth-proof is not required after the above-mentioned period, the brightness of the yellow lamp is controlled so that the illuminance on the upper leaves of chrysanthemum becomes a low illuminance level in the time-zone where moth-proof is required outside the above-mentioned time period. 2. The method for controlling artificial lighting in growing chrysanthemums according to claim 1, wherein lighting of the yellow lamp is controlled so that the illuminance on the upper leaves of the chrysanthemum becomes a low level illuminance during a time period when moth control is required. 3. The method for controlling artificial lighting in growing chrysanthemums according to claim 1, wherein the high illuminance level is 36 lux or more. 4. The method for controlling artificial lighting in growing chrysanthemums according to claim 1, wherein the low illuminance level is 1 to 4 lux.