JP3879557B2 - Protective lighting method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fender illuminating device .
[0002]
[Prior art]
(1) Damage of yaga (night moths) and problems of conventional control methods Adults of nocturnal insects (hereinafter abbreviated as moths) such as Spodoptera litura, Shirochimojiyoto, Tobacco moth, Tobacco moth, Awano moth, etc. fly to cultivated plants at night It lays eggs and the eggs hatch and become larvae. This larva eats leaves and shoots, and the cultivated plant does not grow normally, and as a result, it has no commercial value. In order to reduce the damage of this pest, it is necessary to spray an insecticide on the adult or larvae. However, the timing of direct spraying on adults is difficult. Also, larvae are in the back of the berries and in the cocoons, and it is difficult to achieve the expected effect. Yaga has drug resistance to agricultural chemicals, and there is a need for the development of stronger agricultural chemicals. However, the growing consumer safety needs for crops have created a conflicting issue of reduced pesticides.
[0003]
As a solution to this problem, there is a light (yellow light) control method as one of IPM (integrated pest management).
[0004]
(2) Damage reduction by yellow fluorescent lamps If the spawning of moths is suppressed, the damage caused by these moths can be reduced as a result. There is a method to reduce damage by performing night lighting around the cultivated plant and making the field a simulated daytime light environment. In this case, yellow light is most effective. Examples of the light source that emits yellow light include a yellow fluorescent lamp and a yellow HID lamp. A possible possibility is a yellow LED. The control technique using yellow light has already been put into practical use for plants that do not respond to photoperiod.
[0005]
This yellow light has the following two functions (a) and (b). That is, (a) it has the effect of lightly adapting compound eyes of moths that are darkly adapted at night and suppressing spawning activity and the like. The illuminance required in this case is about 1 lux or more in terms of cultivated crops (Yagas are nocturnal and do not work during the day). (B) Yags do not like yellow light, so they can prevent entry to crop cultivation and avoid flying. The relationship between the illuminance and the number of pest traps for a yellow fluorescent lamp is 0 when the light receiving surface is 10 lux. 0 animals, average of 0 in 5 lux. 3 animals, 2 lux 1 The closer to the light source, the higher the repellent effect of yellow light, and the repellent effect of yellow light is recognized (Kenichi Nomura: Some considerations on the effect of electric lighting on sucklings, Chiba University Faculty of Horticulture, Scientific Report No. 14 (30) (Showa 41)).
[0006]
Usually, both of these two types of functions are used to reduce the damage caused by moths.
[0007]
(3) Challenges of turning on a yellow fluorescent lamp for plants that react to daylengths Short-day plants such as chrysanthemum that add flower buds when the day length is shortened, or long-day plants such as spinach that add flower buds when the day length increases. However, when the illuminance exceeds a certain value, it affects the flower bud differentiation, reducing the value of the product and reducing the production and shipment of normal plants (Lighting Society, Research Report on the Effects of Night Lighting on Agricultural Products Research Committee 8) Page (Showa 60)). In chrysanthemum, the illuminance of yellow fluorescent lamps is unfavorable, such as flowering delay from several lux (Tetsu Kawano, Junya Yase: Physical Control Characteristics and Application Technology, Plant Protection, Vol. 50, No. 11, p. 32 (1996)) Because of the effect, it was necessary to reduce the horizontal illuminance on the cultivation surface as much as possible. In other words, it has been impossible in practice to use a conventional lighting fixture (one that does not have light distribution control) using a yellow fluorescent lamp for the control of daylight-sensitive crops.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an anti-lighting device capable of realizing control of a plant that reacts in day length with a reduced amount of agricultural chemicals.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The anti-lighting device according to claim 1 is a semi-transparent or non-transparent substrate installed at a predetermined height on the ground, and is mounted on the surface of the substrate so that the irradiation direction is the center side of the substrate. And a yellow LED gradually moving outward in the horizontal direction from the vertical direction to the peripheral side .
[0010]
According to the anti-lighting device according to claim 1, the light can be irradiated obliquely upward from the horizontal, and the yellow light does not affect the crop so as to cover the upper side or the outer side which is the outside of the crop. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the invasion of night cocoons from the outside to the cultivation section, and to reduce the damage by suppressing the action such as the egg-laying activity.
As a result, it has become possible to reduce the number of pesticides for nightshade control of plants that respond to day length (such as chrysanthemum, strawberries, and spinach), which was difficult in the past.
[0011]
The anti-lighting device according to claim 2 is connected to the solar cell according to claim 1, a number of yellow LEDs installed on the outer peripheral surface of the main body, a solar cell provided on the upper surface of the main body, and the solar cell. The battery has a storage battery for supplying power to the yellow LED .
[0012]
According to the anti-lighting device according to claim 2, the LED can be lit with a small electric power, and further, the power work is costly in an open field where there is no power line. For this reason, a solar battery and a storage battery charged by the solar battery are provided, and the yellow LED is turned on by the electric power from the storage battery, so that it can be easily installed even in an open field without a power line. Other effects are the same as those of the first aspect.
[0023]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A flaw proof illumination method according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described. In other words, this anti-lighting method is to install a anti-lighting device equipped with a yellow light source, to illuminate the field at night with yellow light from the yellow light source, and to reduce damage caused by the yag etc. on the crop. is there. The yellow light from the yellow light source irradiates the outside of the crop so that the illuminance in the vicinity of the crop is less than the illuminance that does not substantially affect the growth of the crop. In this case, for example, the yellow light source is irradiated so as to cover at least the top of the crop, or to cover a predetermined height range at least outside the crop.
[0024]
As an embodiment, in open-field cultivated plants such as chrysanthemum, a semi-transparent curtain is installed at the lower part of the cultivation side of the lantern, reducing the illuminance near the appliance and transmitting light in the outward direction. A method that does not shield light is used. If it is this method, except a cultivation part can be covered with a bale of yellow light, and only a crop part can be maintained below a certain illuminance that does not affect the growth. In this case, it is possible to expect both a repellent effect and an action suppressing effect on the yaga. In this case, the behavioral inhibition refers to the suppression of mating and egg-laying due to the bright adaptation of yaga by yellow light.
[0025]
A flaw proof illumination method according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In other words, this anti-lighting method is a method of installing an instrument with a light-shielding plate facing upward in house cultivation in the anti-lighting method of the first embodiment. With this method, the direct light from the light source excluding the reflected light from the house curtain does not reach the cultivated crop and can be maintained below a certain illuminance that does not affect the growth. Since there is no reflected light in the open ground, the illuminance of the cultivation section is basically 0 lux. As a result, it is possible to prevent invasion of the field from above the yag. The effect of yellow light used to reduce damage in this case is a repellent effect on moths, not a behavioral suppression effect.
[0026]
A fender illuminating apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. That is, this anti-lighting device is equipped with a yellow light source 1 and is installed in a field, and reduces damage caused by yag or the like by yellow light from the yellow light source 1. The yellow light is applied to the outside of the crop so that the yellow light applied to the crop is less than the illuminance that does not affect the crop in the installed state in the field. In this case, the yellow light source 1 is, for example, a plurality of yellow LEDs, and the irradiation direction is in a range obliquely upward from substantially horizontal.
1 and 2 are anti-lighting devices, FIG. 1 is a plan view seen from below, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view thereof. For example, a round glass epoxy printed circuit board having a diameter of about 20 to 30 cm is used. The board 2 is manufactured, and the mounting legs of the yellow light source 1 of the yellow LED are bent and mounted on the board 2. The number of LEDs is, for example, 150 to 200, and is installed at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction and the radial direction of almost the entire surface of the substrate 2. Reference numeral 7 denotes a mounting hole for a support or the like.
[0027]
As shown in FIG. 2, the LED light source 1a in the vicinity of the periphery of the substrate 2 is oriented in the direction of about 60 degrees from the vertically lower side, and the LED light source 1b between the periphery and the center of the substrate 2 is oriented in the downward direction of about 45 degrees, The LED light source 1c near the center is downward or upward.
[0028]
Brightness is necessary to suppress the behavior of pests that enter the field, and it is desirable to keep the brightness of the cultivation section within a range that does not affect the crop. Also, install lighting equipment. It is desirable that the illuminance should be obtained within a range that does not affect the crop using a semi-translucent material for the cultivation section side while facing the outside at a height of 5 m or more. In this case, it is possible to expect both a repellent effect and an action suppression effect against night owl.
[0029]
In other words, in the experiment to determine the flight altitude of the moths, the number of moths attracted to the pheromone trap at each height by changing the installation height of the pheromone trap is 3 at 50 cm above the ground. 0 animals, 100cm 8 0 animals, 26 animals at 150cm, 42 animals at 200cm (Shigeshi Kamata, Hidemi Kamiwada, Toshitoshi Kushishitamachi: Examination of sex pheromone traps for the investigation of the occurrence of giant tobacco tobacco, Kyushu Pest Research Report, Vol. 43, page 98 (1997)). What can be thought of from these is at least the ground 1. It is conceivable that moths prefer to fly over 5m.
[0030]
If a yellow LED is used for the yellow light source 1, only a repellent effect can be expected. However, it is possible to obtain a higher luminance than that of a yellow fluorescent lamp (currently a protective light), and a higher repellent effect than that of a yellow fluorescent lamp. I can expect. Furthermore, if the yellow LEDs are arranged in a circular convex surface, the repellent effect can be obtained evenly from horizontal to upper.
[0031]
In addition, by turning the yellow LED horizontally or slightly upward, it can be expected to avoid repelling yaga from the field. In this case, the yellow LED is preferably an omnidirectional LED, and the LEDs may be arranged in a circle or polygon.
[0032]
A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In other words, this anti-lighting device includes a solar battery 3 and a storage battery 4 charged by the solar battery 3, and turns on the yellow light source 1 with the electric power from the storage battery 4. In the anti-lighting device according to the embodiment, for example, a polygonal cylindrical body 5 such as an octagon is installed at the upper end of a support column 6, and LEDs that are yellow light sources 1 are arranged in the circumferential direction on the entire circumference or every other circumference. In addition, a large number of them are installed at predetermined intervals in the axial direction to form an omnidirectional type.
[0033]
Electricity generated in the daytime by the solar battery 3 is stored in the storage battery 4. Then, the stored electricity is supplied to the yellow LED at night and lights up.
[0034]
The LED can be lit with low power, but power construction is expensive in open spaces where there is no power line. For this reason, a solar battery and a storage battery charged by the solar battery are provided, and the yellow LED is turned on by the electric power from the storage battery, so that it can be easily installed even in an open space without a power line.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
According to the anti-lighting device according to claim 1, the light can be irradiated obliquely upward from the horizontal, and the yellow light does not affect the crop so as to cover the upper side or the outer side which is the outside of the crop. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the invasion of night cocoons from the outside to the cultivation section, and to reduce the damage by suppressing the action such as the egg-laying activity.
As a result, it has become possible to reduce the number of pesticides for nightshade control of plants that respond to day length (such as chrysanthemum, strawberries, and spinach), which was difficult in the past.
[0036]
According to the anti-lighting lighting device according to claim 2, the LED can be lit with a small electric power, and further, the power supply work is costly in an open field where there is no power line. For this reason, a solar battery and a storage battery charged by the solar battery are provided, and the yellow LED is turned on by the electric power from the storage battery, so that it can be easily installed even in an open space without a power line. Other effects are the same as those of the first aspect.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view seen from below of a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view thereof.
FIG. 3 is a side view of a fourth embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a plan view thereof.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Yellow light source 2 Board | substrate 3 Solar cell 4 Storage battery 5 Main body

Claims (2)

A semi-transparent or non-transparent substrate installed at a predetermined height on the ground, and a large number of mountings on the surface of the substrate, and the irradiation direction is gradually shifted from the vertical direction to the peripheral side from the center side to the peripheral side of the substrate. A fossil illuminating device comprising a yellow LED that is facing away . 2. The fender according to claim 1, comprising a number of yellow LEDs installed on the outer peripheral surface of the main body, a solar cell provided on the upper surface of the main body, and a storage battery connected to the solar cell and supplying power to the yellow LED. Lighting device .

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