WO2011113337A1 - 离心跳汰机 - Google Patents

离心跳汰机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011113337A1
WO2011113337A1 PCT/CN2011/071763 CN2011071763W WO2011113337A1 WO 2011113337 A1 WO2011113337 A1 WO 2011113337A1 CN 2011071763 W CN2011071763 W CN 2011071763W WO 2011113337 A1 WO2011113337 A1 WO 2011113337A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
jigging
screen
slurry
centrifugal jig
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PCT/CN2011/071763
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张传忠
刘宏亮
汪景武
Original Assignee
钦州鑫能源科技有限公司
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Application filed by 钦州鑫能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 钦州鑫能源科技有限公司
Priority to US13/635,674 priority Critical patent/US8807346B2/en
Priority to AU2011229683A priority patent/AU2011229683B2/en
Publication of WO2011113337A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011113337A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/02—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating using shaken, pulsated or stirred beds as the principal means of separation
    • B03B5/10—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating using shaken, pulsated or stirred beds as the principal means of separation on jigs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/02—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating using shaken, pulsated or stirred beds as the principal means of separation
    • B03B5/10—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating using shaken, pulsated or stirred beds as the principal means of separation on jigs
    • B03B5/12—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating using shaken, pulsated or stirred beds as the principal means of separation on jigs using pulses generated mechanically in fluid
    • B03B5/18—Moving-sieve jigs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a jig for beneficiation, and further to a centrifugal jig. Background technique
  • the average particle size of the present practical fine coal-based slurry may be below 0.01 mm, and may even reach the level of 0.001 mm.
  • the ultrafine refinement of coal particles makes the organic coal components and the inorganic mineral particles such as ferrous sulfide and silica which are originally adhered together effectively dissociated, which makes it possible to further select coal.
  • the sorting mechanism of the hydrocyclone is more affected by the particle size, which affects the sorting effect on the particle density.
  • the current lower limit of the size of the jigging and heavy selection is generally
  • centrifugal jig disclosed in this series of patents can effectively separate fine particles of different specific gravity by using centrifugal acceleration of tens of times gravity.
  • this type of equipment uses a sieved discharge method to collect small-sized concentrate particles with a higher specific gravity, while the fine coal-based slurry is selected to remove as much as possible of all the mineral particles of all sizes and retain the specific gravity. Low granules of all sizes. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention discloses a centering jig for separating components of different specific gravity in a fine slurry material.
  • This centrifugal jig can selectively separate particles of different sizes of all sizes in the fine slurry material.
  • the centrifugal jig of the present invention is constituted by a rotating device, at least one jigging unit, and a product receiving device.
  • the rotating device includes a rotating body and a base, and the rotating body is driven by power Rotate in the center line around the vertical axis.
  • the jigging unit includes a lower screen chamber, a screen upper chamber, a sieve plate, a feeding device, a discharge device and a pulsating device, and is similar in structure and function to the ordinary jig for separating particles of different densities in the slurry material.
  • the jigging unit is mounted on the rotating body at a certain inclination angle in the direction in which the material moves, and the lower screen chamber is located away from the vertical axis.
  • the product receiving device is fixed to the ground for receiving the separated material discharged from the rotating jigging unit.
  • the special feature of the centrifugal jig disclosed in the present invention is that the discharge device uses the upper discharge opening of the screen to discharge the main high-density material and the low-density material which have been separated.
  • the main high-density material and low-density material is that in the jigging separation process, a small amount of granular material is inevitably passed through the sieve plate into the lower sieve chamber. This part of the material is called the bottom material, and finally needs to be discharged;
  • the high-density materials and low-density materials may also be referred to as heavy materials and light materials.
  • the angle of inclination and the gravitational force received by the jigging unit may be equal to the angle between the vector direction and the vertical direction of the resultant force of the centripetal force.
  • the screen may be a curved surface formed by a parabola extending in the direction of movement of the material along the centerline of the vertical axis of the rotating device.
  • the jigging unit may have two or more and is axisymmetric or centrally symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation on the rotating body.
  • the pulsation device may be an air chamber pulsation device, and the air chamber pulsation device may employ a lower screen air chamber.
  • the upper screen chamber is a closed chamber, and the separated slurry is detached from the rotating shaft at or near the rotating shaft to enter the separation product receiving device.
  • the jigging unit can be a two-stage three-product structure.
  • the sieve plate of the jigging unit may be provided with a cilia sieve plate which is provided with an upwardly extending wicking covering the sieve opening on the upper side of the sieve plate of the larger aperture.
  • the jigging unit may further be provided with a sieve bottom water slurry separation treatment device, which is disposed at the bottom of the sieve lower chamber, including a gravity discharge passage and an inverted funnel-shaped light near the bottom of the sieve lower chamber.
  • the slurry discharge channel may further be provided with a sieve bottom water slurry separation treatment device, which is disposed at the bottom of the sieve lower chamber, including a gravity discharge passage and an inverted funnel-shaped light near the bottom of the sieve lower chamber.
  • the jigging unit screen may also include a lower dilution section near the feed end and a higher concentration section near the discharge end.
  • DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the basic structure of a centrifugal jig;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the slanting angle of the jigging unit and the parabolic curved curved screen;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the centrifugal jig of the plurality of jigging units;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of a centrifugal jig using a lower air chamber
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of a centrifugal jig using a closed screen upper chamber
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of a centrifugal jig using a three-product jigging unit
  • Figure 7 is a top plan view of a ciliary sieve plate
  • Figure 8 is a front elevational view of the ciliary screen, showing the state of the ascending water flow
  • Figure 9 is a front elevational view of the ciliary screen showing the state of the descending flow
  • Figure 10 is a closed upper chamber The working principle diagram of the air chamber pulsation device of the centrifugal jig, wherein the water flow is in an ascending period;
  • Figure 11 is a working principle diagram of an air chamber pulsation device of a centrifugal jig using a closed screen upper chamber, wherein the water flow is in a descending period;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of a sieve bottom water slurry separation processing device
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view of a sieve plate in which a dilution section and a concentration section are provided. detailed description
  • the device consists of a rotating device 1, at least one jigging unit 2 and a product receiving device 3.
  • the rotating device 1 includes a rotating body 11 and a base 12, and the rotating body 11 can be smoothly rotated along a center line 1111 of a vertical axis 111 under the driving of the power driving device 121.
  • the jigging unit 2 includes a lower screen chamber 21, an upper sieve chamber 22, a sieve plate 23, a feeding device 24, a discharge device 25 and a pulsation device 26, which are similar in structure and function to the common jig for separation. Particles of different density in the slurry material.
  • the jigging unit 2 is mounted on the rotating device 1 at a certain inclination angle ⁇ in the direction of its material movement, and the under-screen chamber 21 is located away from the vertical axis 111, and the inclination angle ⁇ is approximately the same as the hopping angle
  • the angle between the vector direction and the vertical direction of the resultant force Fr of the gravity G and the centripetal force Fc received by the unit 2 is the same. Considering the centripetal acceleration at work can be achieved Tens of times the gravitational acceleration, which is close to 90 degrees.
  • the jigging unit 2 operates in a resultant field of gravity and centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the rotating device 1.
  • the product receiving device 3 is an annular groove-shaped collecting and conveying device fixed to the ground for receiving the separated material discharged from the rotating jig unit 2.
  • the discharge device 25 of the jig unit 2 does not adopt a sieve discharge method and uses a discharge port to discharge.
  • the discharge opening includes a heavy discharge opening 251 and a light discharge opening 252.
  • the upper screen chamber 22 is open in this embodiment and is also referred to as a screen tank.
  • a small amount of particulate material S entering the undersize chamber 21 through the sieve plate 23 during the jigging sorting process is discharged through the bottom material discharge port 21 1 at the bottom of the lower sieve chamber 21, and enters the corresponding product receiving device 3.
  • the sieve plate 23 may be a 0. 2 mm aperture sieve plate and a feldspar artificial bed layer, and the suction force is controlled while the machine is working.
  • the material slurry S is received at the top end of the vertical shaft 111 from a delivery barrel 240 by a funnel-shaped receiving barrel 241 that rotates synchronously with the jigging unit 2, and is conveyed by a feeding tube 242 to the screen at the lower end of the sieve plate 23.
  • the pulverized layer edge of the material slurry S moves upward.
  • the light slurry SL and the heavy slurry SH enter the light material discharge port 251 and The heavy material discharge port 252 is then separated from the jig unit 2 into the corresponding light material receiving tank 31 and the heavy material receiving tank 32.
  • the pulsation device 26 uses a conventional diaphragm pulsation device 261, and the pulsation motor 2611 drives the diaphragm 2613 through the cam shaft 2612 to push the sifting water to generate pulsation.
  • a counterweight 112 is placed on the opposite side of the jig unit 2.
  • the screen 23 should be a curved surface formed by a parabola 231 extending in the direction of movement of the material along the center line 1111 of the vertical axis 111 relative to the screen plane of the conventional jig, so that the screen 23 can be operated. Keep parallel to the jigging fluid level.
  • the sieve plate 23 can adjust its inclination according to the manner in which the materials are adapted. In the case where the sieve plate is narrow and the centrifugal force is sufficiently large, the sieve plate 23 can also be simply a flat sieve plate.
  • the power supply to the jigging unit 2 in rotation can be connected to the power supply of the fixed base by a slip ring disposed on the vertical axis.
  • the high-power power supply slip ring technology has mature applications on medical spiral CT.
  • the monitoring signal communication of the jigging unit 2 can be connected to the ground by wireless communication or infrared serial communication technology.
  • the centrifugal jigging device described in Embodiment 1 is the simplest original device of the present invention, and can be further improved and improved in various aspects in the following embodiments.
  • Embodiment 2 is composed of a multi-unit symmetric configuration: On the basis of Embodiment 1, A plurality of jigging units 2 are arranged on the rotating body 11 in an axis symmetry or a central symmetry with respect to the rotating shaft 111, and the materials to be treated are respectively transported by the receiving barrels through the feeding pipes 242 of the jigging units to the jigging units, and After sorting, they enter the respective receiving grooves 31 and 32 via respective discharge tubes.
  • Embodiment 3 improves the pulsation device: On the basis of Embodiment 2, since there are multiple jigging units, the air chamber jig has a greater advantage, and different jigging units can share a set of compressed gas supply. Device and pulsation control device.
  • the sieve side air chamber can be used, since the liquid pulsation itself does not cause a change in the radius of rotation of the center of gravity of the jigging unit, so that the simultaneous operation of the jigging units does not cause a disturbance of the rotational speed.
  • Example 4 employs a pulsation device for the under-air chamber.
  • the pulsation device of the under-screen air chamber specifically includes an air compressor and an air reservoir 2621, a lower air chamber 2622, an intake line 2623 and an exhaust line 2624, and a pipeline control system, which are not shown in the piping control system.
  • the pulsation of the liquid causes a change in the radius of rotation of the center of gravity of the jig unit, causing a disturbance of the rotation.
  • Unit grouping can be used, and the changes in the center of gravity of each group are balanced to minimize the disturbance during rotation.
  • the structure of the jigging unit of the under-screen air chamber is relatively compact relative to the jigging unit of the screen side air chamber.
  • Example 5 changed the upper screen chamber to a closed chamber.
  • the slurry after sorting is transported through the discharge pipe and the receiving tank.
  • there is a problem of splashing of the slurry and the slurry is separated from the jigging unit at a very high speed, which also causes loss of kinetic energy of the device and increases energy consumption of the device.
  • the sorted slurry can be returned to the center of the vertical axis or nearby, and then released from the rotating state to enter the collecting device fixed to the ground.
  • the kinetic energy of the slurry can be recovered, but when the rotating shaft is returned to the rotating shaft, the centrifugal force generated by the rotation needs to be overcome, and the closed sieve upper chamber can be used, and the upper chamber can be maintained at a sufficiently high pressure during operation, and the discharge tube can be controlled.
  • the diameter and the bevel angle force the slurry to flow back to the vertical axis at a certain speed to avoid centrifugal sedimentation of the slurry particles.
  • the pressure generated by the difference in height between the receiving tub 141 and the discharge tube can be used as the power for the flow of the slurry.
  • a slurry pump 254 can be placed at the discharge opening.
  • the closed upper screen chamber can participate in the control of air pulsation by controlling the flow of air.
  • the air pulsation device is composed of an air compressor and an air reservoir 2621, a lower screen air chamber 2622, a screen upper chamber 22, an air recovery cylinder 2625, and conduits 26261, 26262, 26263, and 26264 that sequentially connect the above four chambers.
  • the pipe 26261 is opened, the air flows from the air compressor and the gas storage cylinder 2621 to the lower screen air chamber 2622, and the pipe 26263 is opened, and the air in the upper sieve chamber 22 flows back to the air recovery.
  • the barrel 2623, the line 26262 is blocked, and the water under the screen rises.
  • the line 26261 is blocked, the line 26262 is opened, the line 26263 is blocked, and the screen water is lowered.
  • the air recovery cylinder 2623 maintains a long pass when operating the line 26264 between the compressor and the air reservoir 2621.
  • the function of the air recovery cylinder 2623 is to recover the compressed air discharged from the upper chamber to reduce the energy consumption. After the air recovery cylinder 2623 is cancelled, the air loop is disconnected and the system can still work normally.
  • the jigging unit of the closed screen upper chamber structure can also be used with other types of pulsating devices, such as diaphragm pulsating devices.
  • Embodiment 6 changes a section of the two product structures of each jigging unit into a two-stage three-product structure.
  • the jig unit is set to two sections and three products, which functions as an ordinary two-stage three-product jig. Accordingly, a medium discharge passage 253 and a corresponding receiving groove are added to the jig unit.
  • Example 7 improved the screen: On the basis of Example 6, the screen was changed to a ciliary screen.
  • the 0. 2mm aperture sieve plate and artificial bed layer used in the embodiment 1 due to the greater resistance to water flow, may affect the jigging effect, and There may still be too many useful particles through the screen.
  • a bristled sieve plate may be used, that is, an upper-stretched cilia 233 which can cover the mesh hole is provided on the upper side sill 232 of the sieve plate having a larger aperture.
  • the cilia 233 are arranged in parallel in a single row, and it is better to tilt toward one side in the direction of the water flow.
  • the cilia 233 does not significantly increase the resistance to the rising water flow, but effectively prevents the slurry particles from passing through the mesh opening into the undersize chamber. According to the size of the slurry, the thickness, length, thickness and inclination angle of the cilia can be adjusted to adapt.
  • the particles are large, coarse, hard and relatively short cilia are used, and the particles are fine, soft and relatively long cilia; when the particle difference range is large, the above two types of cilia can be arranged in an orderly arrangement; adjacent two rows of cilia Tilting to the slightly different sides of the two directions reduces the resistance of the screen to the downward flow.
  • This screen structure can also be used for ordinary jigs.
  • Example 8 adds a submerged bottom slurry separation treatment apparatus to the embodiment.
  • the light base slurry SBL formed by the low specific gravity particles may be based on the very valuable and useful particulate coal components, which can improve the slurry in the coal-based slurry products. Gradation grading should be collected and used effectively. It may also be based on a fine clay component, which may be discarded or used as a stabilizer component of a high ash content coal water slurry.
  • the heavy SBH formed of high specific gravity particles is discharged as a vermiculite component.
  • an inverted funnel-shaped light slurry discharge passage 212 is provided near the bottom of the lower sieve chamber, and the two products are also fixed to the ground in the aforementioned manner.
  • Collection device 3 The loss of the undersize water caused by the discharge of the slurry can be supplemented directly in the input slurry, or an additional subsea water replenishment channel can be provided along the feed channel.
  • Example 9 further improved the sieve deck on the basis of Example 8, and provided a sieve plate dilution section and a concentration section.
  • the feed of the general jig is solid coal, which is wetted by the flushing water before flowing into the jigging zone and then flows to the sieve plate.
  • the coal water slurry feedstock is roughly the same as the finished product concentration, generally above 65 %. It is best not to add flushing during the jigging process to avoid dehydration in the subsequent process. Therefore, in the initial stage of the jigging process, the feedstock needs to be diluted first by the sieve water, and the excess water is drained by centrifugation before the finished product is discharged. It is reflected in the arrangement of the sieve plate that the lower position of the sieve plate near the feed end is called the dilution section 234 and the position of the discharge end is higher, which is called the concentration section 235.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Description

离心跳汰机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于选矿的跳汰机， 进一步涉及一种离心跳汰机。 背景技术
目前用于精选末煤的装置中， 应用较广的方法是水力旋流器、 跳汰机和 重介旋流器。 目前的具有实用性的精细煤基浆体的平均粒度可以达到 0. 01mm 以下， 甚至可以达到 0. 001mm水平。 煤颗粒的超精细化， 使得本来黏附在一 起的有机煤成分和硫化亚铁、 二氧化硅等无机矿物颗粒得到有效解离， 给煤 的进一步精选提供了可能。水力旋流器的分选机制更多地受颗粒尺寸的影响， 影响其针对颗粒密度的分选效果。 目前的跳汰选和重介选的粒度下限一般在
0. 2mm以上，难以完成其中无机矿物成分的去除。其限制因素在于随着颗粒的 细化， 在普通重力场中， 颗粒在浆体中的自然沉降速度非常慢， 甚至在颗粒 之间的微小作用力和浆体中的极微细颗粒物质的干扰下不发生沉降， 因此以 重力作用为基础的一般选矿设备均不能奏效。 1986 年 7 月 31 日公开的 PCT/AU86/00016专利中公开了一种离心跳汰机， 并在 1990年 1月 11 日公开 的 PCT/AU89/00279和 1999年 2月 25日公开的 PCT/AU98/00657专利中对其 进行了进一步完善。 该系列专利公开的离心跳汰机可以利用数十倍重力的离 心加速度有效分离比重不同的微细颗粒。 但是这类设备均采用透筛排料法收 集比重较高的小尺寸精矿颗粒， 而精细煤基浆体精选的目的在于尽可能去除 其中较高比重的所有尺寸的矿物颗粒， 并保留比重低的所有尺寸的颗粒。 发明内容
本发明公开了一种用于分离精细浆体物料中的不同比重的成分组成的离 心跳汰机。 这种离心跳汰机可以无选择地分离精细浆体物料中所有尺寸的不 同密度的颗粒。
为实现上述目的， 本发明的离心跳汰机由旋转装置、 至少一个跳汰单元 和产品接收装置构成。 旋转装置包括旋转体和基座， 旋转体在动力驱动下可 以绕垂直轴的中线旋转。 跳汰单元包括筛下室、 筛上室、 筛板、 给料装置、 排料装置和脉动装置， 与普通跳汰机的结构和功能相似， 用于分离浆体物料 中的密度不同的颗粒。 跳汰单元在其物料移动方向上按一定的倾斜角度安装 在旋转体上， 其筛下室位于远离垂直轴的位置。 产品接收装置固定在地面， 用于接收旋转中的跳汰单元排出的已完成分离的物料。 本发明所公开的离心 跳汰机的特殊之处在于排料装置采用筛上排料口排出已完成分离的主要的高 密度物料和低密度物料。
之所以说是主要的高密度物料和低密度物料， 是因为在跳汰分离过程中 难免有少量颗粒物料通过筛板进入筛下室， 这部分物料称之为底料， 最终也 需要排出； 按行业习惯， 所述的高密度物料和低密度物料也可简称为重料和 轻料。
在一个较佳实施例中， 倾斜角度与跳汰单元所受的重力可以与向心力的 合力的矢量方向与垂直方向的夹角相等。 另外， 筛板可以为沿物料移动方向 延伸的一条抛物线沿旋转装置垂直轴的中线回转形成的曲面。
跳汰单元可以具有两个或两个以上， 并且在旋转体上相对于旋转轴呈轴 对称或中心对称。 该脉动装置可以为空气室脉动装置， 而该空气室脉动装置 可以采用筛下空气室。
在另一个较佳实施例中， 筛上室为封闭腔室， 分离的浆体在旋转轴或邻 近旋转轴处脱离旋转状态， 进入分离产品接收装置。
跳汰单元可以为两段三产品结构。 跳汰单元的筛板可以采用纤毛筛板， 该纤毛筛板在较大孔径的筛板的上侧格条上设置向上伸展的覆盖筛孔的纤 毛。
另外， 跳汰单元还可以设置有筛下水底浆分离处理装置， 该筛下水底浆 分离处理装置设置在筛下室的底部， 包括重浆排出通道和靠近筛下室底部的 倒置的漏斗状轻浆排出通道。
跳汰单元筛板还可以包括靠近进料端的较低的稀释段和靠近排料端的较 高的浓缩段。 附图说明 附图 1是离心跳汰机基本结构的剖面示意图；
附图 2是跳汰单元的倾斜角度和抛物线回转曲面形筛板的示意图； 附图 3是多个跳汰单元的离心跳汰机的示意图；
附图 4是采用筛下空气室的离心跳汰机的示意图；
附图 5是采用封闭筛上室的离心跳汰机的示意图；
附图 6是采用三产品跳汰单元的离心跳汰机的示意图；
附图 7是纤毛筛板的俯视示意图；
附图 8是纤毛筛板的正视示意图， 其中示出了上升水流的状态； 附图 9是纤毛筛板的正视示意图， 其中示出了下降水流的状态； 附图 10 是采用封闭筛上室的离心跳汰机的空气室脉动装置的工作原理 图， 其中水流处于上升期；
附图 11 是采用封闭筛上室的离心跳汰机的空气室脉动装置的工作原理 图， 其中水流处于下降期；
附图 12是筛下水底浆分离处理装置的示意图；
附图 13是设置稀释段和浓缩段的筛板示意图。 具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明， 所分离的浆体以精细煤 基浆体为例：
实施例 1
参见附图 1-2， 其具体方案是： 该装置由旋转装置 1、 至少一个跳汰单元 2和产品接收装置 3构成。 所述的旋转装置 1包括旋转体 11和基座 12， 在动 力驱动装置 121的驱动下旋转体 11可以沿一根垂直轴 111的中线 1111平稳 旋转。 所述的跳汰单元 2包括筛下室 21、 筛上室 22、 筛板 23、 给料装置 24、 排料装置 25和脉动装置 26， 与普通跳汰机的结构和功能相似，用于分离浆体 物料中的密度不同的颗粒。 跳汰单元 2在其物料移动方向上按一定的倾斜角 度 α 安装在所述的旋转装置 1上， 其筛下室 21位于远离垂直轴 111的位置， 所述的倾斜角度 α 的大小大致与跳汰单元 2所受的重力 G与向心力 Fc的合 力 Fr的矢量方向与垂直方向的夹角相同。考虑到工作时向心加速度可以达到 重力加速度的数十倍， 该角度接近 90度。 跳汰单元 2在重力和旋转装置 1旋 转产生的离心力的合力场中工作。 产品接收装置 3为固定在地面、 用于接收 旋转中的跳汰单元 2排出的已完成分离的物料的环形槽状收集输送装置。 所 述的跳汰单元 2的排料装置 25不采用透筛排料方式而采用排料口排料。所述 的排料口包括重料排料口 251和轻料排料口 252。 所述的筛上室 22在本实施 例中是开放的， 也称为筛槽。 在跳汰分选过程中通过筛板 23进入筛下室 21 的少量颗粒物料 S， 通过筛下室 21底部的底料排出口 21 1排出， 进入相应的 产品接受装置 3。 筛板 23可以采用 0. 2mm孔径筛板加长石人工床层， 并在机 器工作时控制吸啜力。
工作时， 物料浆体 S在垂直轴 111顶端由一个漏斗状的、 与跳汰单元 2 同步转动的接收桶 241从输送管道 240接收， 并由一条给料管 242输送到筛 板 23下端的筛槽内， 在离心力和后续的物料的推动下， 物料浆体 S边脉动分 层边向上移动， 在筛板 23上端， 轻料浆体 SL、 重料浆体 SH分别进入轻料排 出口 251和重料排出口 252， 然后脱离跳汰单元 2进入相应的轻料接收槽 31 和重料接收槽 32。 所述的脉动装置 26使用普通的隔膜脉动装置 261， 由脉动 电机 2611通过凸轮轴 2612驱动隔膜 2613推动筛下水产生脉动。为使得所述 的旋转装置 1在旋转时保持平稳，在跳汰单元 2的对侧设置一个平衡重物 112。
理想的情况下， 相对于普通跳汰机的筛板平面， 筛板 23应为沿物料移动 方向延伸的一条抛物线 231沿垂直轴 111的中线 1111回转形成的曲面， 这样 可以使得筛板 23在工作时与跳汰流体液面保持平行。 在此基础上， 筛板 23 可以根据物料相适应的排矸方式调整其倾角。 在筛板较窄并且离心力足够大 的情况下， 筛板 23也可以简略地采用平直筛板。
对旋转中的跳汰单元 2 的供电可以采用设置在垂直轴上的滑环与固定基 座的电源连接， 大功率供电滑环技术在医用螺旋 CT上具有成熟应用。 跳汰单 元 2的监控信号通讯可采用无线通讯或红外线串口通讯技术与地面连通。
实施例 1所述的该离心跳汰装置是本发明最简单的原始装置， 可以在以 下的实施例中从多方面对其进一步改进与完善。
实施例 2
参见附图 3， 实施例 2 由多单元对称配置构成： 在实施例 1 的基础上， 在旋转体 11上相对于旋转轴 111呈轴对称或中心对称设置多个跳汰单元 2， 待处理物料由接收桶分别通过各跳汰单元的给料管 242输送到各跳汰单元， 并在分选后经各自的排料管进入相应的接收槽 31和 32。
实施例 3
实施例 3对脉动装置进行了改进： 在实施例 2的基础上， 由于具有多个 跳汰单元， 采用空气室跳汰机具有更大的优势， 不同的跳汰单元可以共用一 套压缩气体供应装置和脉动控制装置。
可以采用筛侧空气室， 因液体脉动本身不会引起跳汰单元的重心的旋转 半径的改变， 故各跳汰单元同步运行不会造成旋转速度的扰动。
实施例 4
参见附图 4， 实施例 4采用了筛下空气室的脉动装置。
筛下空气室的脉动装置具体包括空气压缩机及储气筒 2621、 筛下空气室 2622、 进气管路 2623和排气管路 2624和管路控制系统， 管路控制系统图中 未画出。 因液体脉动会引起跳汰单元的重心的旋转半径的改变， 造成旋转的 扰动。 可以采用单元分组的方式， 各组的重心变化相互平衡， 最大限度地降 低旋转时的扰动。 筛下空气室的跳汰单元的结构相对于筛侧空气室的跳汰单 元要紧凑一些。
实施例 5
参见附图 5及附图 10-11，在实施例 4的基础上， 实施例 5将筛上室改为 封闭腔室。
分选后的浆体通过排料管和接收槽输送的方式不但存在浆体的飞溅问 题， 而且浆体以极高速度脱离跳汰单元也造成了设备的动能的损失， 增加了 设备耗能。 可以采用让分选后的浆体回流到垂直轴中心或附近， 然后脱离旋 转状态， 进入固定于地面的收集装置。 这样可以回收浆体的动能， 但在由旋 转外围流回旋转轴时需克服旋转产生的离心力， 可以采用封闭的筛上室， 在 工作时让筛上室保持足够高的压力， 并控制排料管得管径和斜角， 迫使浆体 以一定的速度流回垂直轴处， 避免浆体颗粒的离心沉淀。 接收桶 141 到排料 管的高度差产生的压强可以作为浆体流动的动力。 为了更好地控制浆体的流 动， 保持适当的床层厚度， 可以在排料口处设置浆体泵 254。 在本实施例中， 通过控制空气的流动， 封闭的筛上室可以参与空气脉动 的控制。 空气脉动装置由空气压缩机及储气筒 2621、 筛下空气室 2622、 筛上 室 22、 空气回收筒 2625以及顺序连通以上 4个腔室的管路 26261、 26262、 26263、 26264构成。 在脉动膨胀期， 如附图 10 所示， 管路 26261开通， 空 气由空气压缩机及储气筒 2621流向筛下空气室 2622， 同时管路 26263开通， 筛上室 22内的空气流回空气回收筒 2623， 管路 26262阻断， 筛下水上升。在 脉动下降期，如附图 11所示，管路 26261阻断，管路 26262开通， 管路 26263 阻断，筛下水下降。空气回收筒 2623与压缩机及储气筒 2621间的管路 26264 工作时保持长通。 空气回收筒 2623的作用是回收筛上室排出的压缩空气， 减 少耗能， 取消空气回收筒 2623后空气环路断开， 系统仍可正常工作。
封闭的筛上室结构的跳汰单元也可以用在采用其它类型的脉动装置， 如 采用隔膜式脉动装置。
实施例 6
参见附图 6，在实施例 5的基础上， 实施例 6将各跳汰单元的一段两产品 结构改为两段三产品结构。
为了进一步降低轻质汰选产品的重颗粒含量， 将跳汰单元设置为两段三 产品， 功能相当于普通的两段三产品跳汰机。 相应地， 在跳汰单元增加一个 中料排出通道 253和相应的接收槽。
实施例 7
参见附图 7-9， 实施例 7对筛板进行了改进： 在实施例 6的基础上， 将筛 板改为纤毛筛板。
在现有的跳汰机筛板孔径一般都在 0. 2mm以上， 实施例 1使用的 0. 2mm 孔径筛板加人工床层， 由于对水流的阻力较大， 可能会影响跳汰效果， 并且 仍可能有太多的有用颗粒透过筛板。
为了解决上述问题， 可以采用一种带纤毛的筛板， 即在较大孔径的筛板 的上侧格条 232上设置向上伸展的、可以覆盖筛孔的纤毛 233。纤毛 233以单 排平行排列、 向顺水流方向一侧倾斜效果更好。 纤毛 233不会对上升的水流 明显增加阻力， 但会有效阻止浆体颗粒透过筛孔进入筛下室。 根据浆体粒度 的大小可以调整纤毛的粗细、 长短、 浓密、 倾斜角度来予以适应。 一般来说， 颗粒大时采用粗、 硬、 相对较短的纤毛， 颗粒小时采用细、 软、 相对较长的 纤毛； 颗粒差别范围较大时可以采用上述两类纤毛有序混合排列； 相邻两排 的纤毛向略微不同的两个方向交叉侧倾斜可以降低筛板对下降水流的阻力。 这种筛板结构也可以用于普通的跳汰机。
实施例 8
参见附图 12， 实施例 8在实施例 Ί的基础上增加了筛下水底浆分离处理 装置。
尽管对筛板的孔径做出了特殊处理， 跳汰机工作时仍可能会有一些小尺 寸颗粒进入筛下室， 这些颗粒在离心力的作用下也会按比重不同分层并沉入 筛下室底部， 形成底浆。 这些颗粒也应及时排出， 其中的低比重颗粒形成的 轻底浆 SBL根据煤种的不同， 可能是以非常可贵的有用的微粒煤成分为主， 在煤基浆体产品中可以改善浆体的粒度级配， 应予以收集并有效利用。 也可 能是以微细的粘土成分为主， 则可以舍弃， 或作为高灰分含量水煤浆的稳定 剂成分。 由高比重颗粒形成的重浆 SBH作为矸石成分排出。 在筛下室的底部， 除设置重浆排出通道 211 以外， 在靠近筛下室底部的地方还设置一个倒置的 漏斗状轻浆排出通道 212，两种产品也以前述的方式进入固定在地面的收集装 置 3。排出底浆造成的筛下水的损失可以直接在输入的物料浆体中补充，也可 以沿给料通道另外设置一条筛下水补充通道。
实施例 9
参见附图 13， 实施例 9在实施例 8的基础上进一步改进筛板， 设置筛板 稀释段和浓缩段。
一般跳汰机的给料为固体煤， 在进入跳汰区前经冲水湿润然后流到筛板 上， 排料时精煤随溢出水流排出精煤排料口。 水煤浆给料时已经大致与成品 的浓度相同， 一般在 65 %以上， 跳汰过程中最好不要添加冲水， 以免在后续 工序里还需脱水。 因此， 在跳汰过程的起始段， 需要由筛下水先把给料稀释， 汰选后排出成品前在离心作用下沥出多余的水分。 体现在在筛板的设置上表 现为， 筛板靠近进料端的前段位置较低称之为稀释段 234而在排料端有一段 位置较高称之为浓缩段 235。
以上各实施例所介绍的技术改进， 还可以相互组合形成其他不同技术方 案， 由于其显而易见性， 这里不再赘述

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种离心跳汰机， 由旋转装置、 至少一个跳汰单元和产品接收装置构 成； 所述的旋转装置包括旋转体和基座， 所述的旋转体在动力驱动下绕垂直 轴旋转； 所述的跳汰单元包括筛下室、 筛上室、 筛板、 给料装置、 排料装置 和脉动装置， 并且沿其物料移动方向按一定的倾斜角度安装在所述的旋转体 上， 所述的筛下室位于远离所述的垂直轴的位置， 用于分离浆体物料中的密 度不同的颗粒； 所述的产品接收装置用于接收旋转中的跳汰单元排出的已完 成分离物料； 其特征是， 所述的跳汰单元采用筛上排料口排出已完成分离的 主要物料。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的离心跳汰机， 其特征在于， 所述的倾斜角度与所 述的跳汰单元所受的重力与向心力的合力的矢量方向与垂直方向的夹角相 等。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的离心跳汰机， 其特征在于， 所述的筛板为沿物料 移动方向延伸的一条抛物线沿所述的旋转装置垂直轴的中线回转形成的曲 面。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的离心跳汰机， 其特征在于， 所述跳汰单元具有两 个或两个以上， 并且在所述的旋转体上相对于所述的旋转轴呈轴对称或中心 对称。
5. 如权利要求 4所述的离心跳汰机， 其特征在于， 所述的脉动装置为空 气室脉动装置。
6. 如权利要求 5所述的离心跳汰机， 其特征在于， 所述的空气室脉动装 置采用筛下空气室。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的离心跳汰机， 其特征在于， 所述筛上室为封闭腔 室， 分离的浆体在所述的旋转轴或邻近所述的旋转轴处脱离旋转状态， 进入 所述的分离产品接收装置。
8. 如权利要求 1所述的离心跳汰机， 其特征在于， 所述的跳汰单元为两 段三产品结构。
9. 如权利要求 1所述的离心跳汰机， 其特征在于， 所述的跳汰单元的筛 板采用纤毛筛板； 所述的纤毛筛板在较大孔径的筛板的上侧格条上设置向上 伸展的覆盖筛孔的纤毛。
10. 如权利要求 1 所述的离心跳汰机， 其特征在于， 所述的跳汰单元设 置有筛下水底浆分离处理装置， 所述的筛下水底浆分离处理装置设置在筛下 室的底部， 包括重浆排出通道和靠近筛下室底部的倒置的漏斗状轻浆排出通 道。
11. 如权利要求 1 所述的离心跳汰机， 其特征在于， 所述的跳汰单元筛 板包括靠近进料端的较低的稀释段和靠近排料端的较高的浓缩段。
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