WO2011111453A1 - 符号化方法、復号方法、装置、プログラム及び記録媒体 - Google Patents
符号化方法、復号方法、装置、プログラム及び記録媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- the present invention relates to a technique for encoding or decoding a signal sequence such as audio and image by vector quantization.
- an input signal is first divided by a normalized value and normalized.
- the normalized value is quantized and a quantization index is generated.
- the normalized input signal is subjected to vector quantization, and an index of the quantized representative vector is generated.
- the generated quantization index and quantization representative vector index are output to the decoding device.
- the quantization index is decoded and a normalized value is generated.
- the decoded representative signal is generated by decoding the index of the quantized representative vector.
- the normalized decoded signal and the normalized value are multiplied to generate a decoded signal.
- High-performance vector quantization method with low quantization noise such as SVQ method (Spherical Vector Quantization, see G.729.1), etc., vector quantization in which pulses are generated within a preset number of quantization bits The method is known.
- the input signal is a frequency domain signal and this vector quantization method is used in the encoding device and the decoding device described in Patent Document 1, the number of bits necessary to quantize the entire frequency component is insufficient.
- spectral holes may occur.
- a spectrum hole is a missing frequency component that occurs because a frequency component that should exist in the input signal does not exist in the output signal. If a spectrum hole is generated and a pulse of a certain frequency component stands or does not stand in successive frames, so-called musical noise may occur.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an encoding method, a decoding method, an apparatus, a program, and a recording medium that reduce musical noise that may occur when an input signal is a frequency domain signal, for example.
- a normalized value that is a value representing a predetermined number of input samples is calculated.
- a quantized normalized value obtained by quantizing the normalized value and a normalized value quantization index corresponding to the quantized normalized value are obtained.
- Calculate the subtraction value by subtracting the value corresponding to the quantized normalization value from the value corresponding to the magnitude of each sample value, and if the subtraction value is positive and the value of each sample is positive, the subtraction value is When the subtraction value is positive and the value of each sample is negative, the value obtained by inverting the sign of the subtraction value is set as the quantization target value corresponding to each sample. If the value is not positive, 0 is set as the quantization target value corresponding to each sample.
- a plurality of quantization target values corresponding to a plurality of samples are collectively vector-quantized to obtain a vector quantization index.
- a decoded normalized value corresponding to the input normalized value quantization index is obtained.
- a plurality of values corresponding to the input vector quantization index are obtained as a plurality of decoded values.
- a normalized recalculated value that takes a smaller value as the sum of absolute values of a predetermined number of decoded values is larger is calculated.
- each decoded value is positive, each decoded value and the decoded normalized value are added.
- each decoded value is negative, the absolute value of each decoded value and the decoded normalized value are added to invert the positive / negative.
- the normalized value recalculated value is multiplied by the first constant.
- the main components are selected from all frequencies and actively quantized to prevent the generation of spectral holes in the main components, thereby reducing musical noise. .
- the functional block diagram of the example of an encoding apparatus and a decoding apparatus. 6 is a flowchart of an example of an encoding method.
- the encoding device 1 includes, for example, a normalized value calculation unit 12, a normalized value quantization unit 13, a quantization target calculation unit 14, and a vector quantization unit 15.
- the decoding device 2 includes, for example, a normalized value decoding unit 21, a vector decoding unit 22, a normalized value recalculation unit 23, and a synthesis unit 24.
- the encoding apparatus 1 may include, for example, a frequency domain transform unit 11 and a quantization target normalization value calculation unit 16 as necessary.
- the decoding device 2 may include, for example, a time domain conversion unit 25 and a decoding target normalized value calculation unit 26.
- the encoding device 1 executes each step of the encoding method illustrated in FIG. 2, and the decoding device executes each step of the decoding method illustrated in FIG.
- the input signal X (k) is input to the normalized value calculation unit 12 and the quantization target calculation unit 14.
- the input signal X (k) is a frequency domain signal converted into the frequency domain by the frequency domain converter 11.
- the frequency domain conversion unit 11 converts the input time domain signal x (n) into a frequency domain signal X (k) by, for example, MDCT (Modified Discrete Cosine Transform) and outputs the signal.
- n is a signal number (discrete time number) in the time domain
- k is a signal number (discrete frequency number) in the frequency domain.
- L is a predetermined positive number, for example, 64 or 80.
- the normalized value calculation unit 12 calculates a normalized value X 0 ⁇ that is a value representing the input predetermined number of samples C 0 (step E1).
- X 0 - means the superscript bar of character X 0.
- the calculated X 0 ⁇ is sent to the normalized value quantization unit 13.
- C 0 is L or a common divisor of L other than 1 and L.
- Normalized value X 0 - is a value representing the C 0 samples, is an average value of the power of example C 0 samples.
- Normalization value quantization section 13 a normalized value X 0 - quantizing quantized normalized values X - and the quantized normalization value X - obtaining a normalized value quantization index corresponding to (step E2) .
- X - means a superscript bar of the letter X.
- the quantized normalized value X ⁇ is sent to the quantization target calculation unit 14, and the normalized value quantization index is sent to the decoding device 2.
- the quantization target calculation unit 14 calculates a subtraction value E ⁇ (k) obtained by subtracting a value corresponding to the quantization normalized value from a value corresponding to the value X (k) of each sample of the input signal, When the subtraction value E ⁇ (k) is positive and the value X (k) of each sample is positive, the subtraction value E ⁇ (k) is set as the quantization target value E (k) corresponding to each sample, When the subtraction value E ⁇ (k) is positive and the value X (k) of each sample is negative, a value obtained by inverting the positive / negative of the subtraction value is set as a quantization target value E (k) corresponding to each sample. If the subtraction value E ⁇ (k) is not positive, 0 is set as the quantization target value E (k) corresponding to each sample (step E3). The quantization target value E (k) is sent to the vector quantization unit 15.
- the quantization target calculation unit 14 performs each process described in FIG. 3 and determines a quantization target value E (k) corresponding to the value X (k) of each sample of the input signal.
- the quantization target calculation unit 14 compares k and L (step E32). If k ⁇ L, the process proceeds to step E33, and if k ⁇ L, the process of step E3 ends.
- the quantization target calculation unit 14 calculates a subtraction value E ⁇ (k) between the absolute value of the value X (k) of each sample of the input signal and the quantization normalized value (step E33).
- E - refers to the superscript bar of the letter E.
- the value of E ⁇ (k) defined by the following equation (1) is calculated.
- the value corresponding to the magnitude of the sample value X (k) is, for example, the absolute value
- the quantization normalization value X - value corresponding to, for example quantized normalized value X - is a product of the adjustment constant C 1.
- the quantization target calculation unit 14 compares the subtraction value E ⁇ (k) with 0 (step E34). If the subtraction value E ⁇ (k)> 0 is not satisfied, the quantization target calculation unit 14 sets 0 as the quantization target value E (k) (step E35).
- the quantization object calculation unit 14 compares X (k) with 0 (step E36). If X (k) ⁇ 0, the quantization target calculation unit 14 sets the subtraction value E ⁇ (k) as the quantization target value E (k) (step E37). If X (k) ⁇ 0, the quantization target calculation unit 14 sets ⁇ E (k) obtained by inverting the sign of the subtraction value E ⁇ (k) as the quantization target value E (k) (step E38). ).
- the quantization target calculation unit 14 increments k by 1 and proceeds to Step E32 (Step E39).
- the quantization target calculation unit 14 selects a larger value from 0 and a subtraction value obtained by subtracting a value corresponding to the quantization normalized value from a value corresponding to the magnitude of the sample value, and A value obtained by multiplying the selected value by the sign of the sample value is set as a quantization target value.
- the vector quantization unit 15 collectively quantizes a plurality of quantization target values E (k) corresponding to a plurality of samples to obtain a vector quantization index (step E4).
- the vector quantization index is sent to the decoding device 2.
- the vector quantization index is an index representing a quantization representative vector.
- the vector quantization unit 15 uses a plurality of quantization target values E (k) corresponding to a plurality of samples as components from a plurality of quantization representative vectors stored in a vector codebook storage unit (not shown).
- the vector quantization is performed by selecting the quantization representative vector closest to the vector and outputting a vector quantization index representing the selected quantization representative vector.
- the vector quantization unit 15 performs vector quantization by collecting the quantization target values E (k) corresponding to, for example, C 0 samples.
- the vector quantization unit 15 performs vector quantization using a vector quantization method such as the SVQ method (referred to as “Spherical Vector Quantization”, G.729.1), for example, but other vector quantization methods may be employed. Good.
- the normalized value decoding unit 21 obtains a decoded normalized value X ⁇ corresponding to the normalized value quantization index input to the decoding device 2 (step D1).
- the decrypted normalized value X ⁇ is sent to the normalized value recalculation unit 23. It is assumed that normalized values corresponding to each of a plurality of normalized value quantization indexes are stored in a codebook storage unit (not shown).
- the normalized value decoding unit 21 refers to the codebook storage unit using the input normalized quantization index as a key, acquires a normalized value corresponding to the normalized quantization index, and obtains a decoded normalized value Let X ⁇ .
- the vector decoding unit 22 obtains a plurality of values corresponding to the vector quantization index input to the decoding device 2 and sets them as a plurality of decoded values E ⁇ (k) (step D2).
- E ⁇ means a superscript hat for the letter E.
- the decoded value E ⁇ (k) is sent to the synthesis unit 24.
- a quantization representative vector corresponding to each of a plurality of vector quantization indexes is stored in a vector codebook storage unit (not shown).
- the vector decoding unit 22 refers to the vector codebook storage unit using the quantized representative vector corresponding to the input vector quantization index as a key, and acquires the quantized representative vector corresponding to the vector quantization index.
- the components of the quantization representative vector are a plurality of values corresponding to the input vector quantization index.
- the total power of the samples whose quantization target value E (k) is not set to 0 in the encoding is calculated.
- step D33 compares the decoded value E ⁇ (k) and 0 (step D33). If the decoded value E ⁇ (k) is 0, the normalized value recalculation unit 23 increments m by 1 (step D35), and proceeds to step D36. If the decoded value E ⁇ (k) is not 0, the process proceeds to step D34.
- the normalized value recalculator 23 calculates the power of the sample with the number k and adds it to tmp (step D34). Thereafter, the process proceeds to Step D36. That is, a value obtained by adding the calculated power and the value of tmp is set as a new value of tmp. For example, the power is calculated by the following equation.
- the normalized value recalculator 23 increments k by 1 (step D36) and proceeds to step D32.
- the synthesis unit 24 obtains a decoded signal by performing each process described in FIG.
- Combining unit 24 compares the k and C 0 (step D2). Otherwise k ⁇ C 0, completing the process of step D4.
- C 3 is a constant for adjusting the magnitude of the frequency components, for example, 0.9. rand (k) is a function that outputs 1 or ⁇ 1, and outputs 1 or ⁇ 1 at random based on a random number, for example.
- step D43 When it is determined in step D43 that the decoded value E ⁇ (k) is not 0, the synthesizer 24 compares the decoded value E ⁇ (k) with 0 (step D45). If the decoded value E ⁇ (k) ⁇ 0, the combining unit 24, the absolute value of the decoded value E ⁇ (k)
- the combining unit 24 If the decoded value E ⁇ (k) ⁇ not 0, the combining unit 24, the decoded value E ⁇ (k) and the decoded normalization value X - the value obtained by adding the the X ⁇ (k) (step D47).
- Step D48 the synthesizer 24 increments k by 1 and proceeds to Step D42 (Step D48).
- X ⁇ (k) is a frequency domain signal
- the time domain transform unit 25 transforms X ⁇ (k) into a time domain signal z (n) by, for example, inverse Fourier transform.
- the value assigned when the decoded value E ⁇ (k) is 0 is not always positive or negative.
- a natural decoded signal can be created by appropriately allocating positive and negative using the function rand (k).
- the normalized recalculation value X ′ calculated last time is calculated by the normalization recalculation unit 23 one frame in the past. This is the calculated normalized recalculated value.
- C 0 is a divisor of L other than 1 and L and the frequency component is divided into L / C 0 subbands and the normalized recalculation value is calculated for each subband
- the normalized recalculated value X ′ may be a normalized recalculated value calculated one frame before the same subband, or normalization of subbands before or after the same frame already calculated It may be a recalculated value.
- the encoding device 1 is provided with a quantization target normalization value calculation unit 16 that calculates a quantization target normalization value E # that is a value representative of the quantization target value E (k).
- the vector quantization unit 15 collectively vector-quantizes values obtained by normalizing a plurality of quantization target values E (k) corresponding to a plurality of samples with a quantization target normalization value E # to obtain a vector quantization index. You may ask for it.
- the dynamic range of the vector quantization target can be narrowed, and encoding and decoding can be performed with a small number of bits.
- the quantization target normalized value calculation unit 16 calculates a value defined by the following equation using, for example, the quantization normalized value X ⁇ and sets it as the quantization target value E (k) (step E3 ′).
- C 2 is the (sometimes referred to as a second constant.) Positive adjustment factor, such as 0.3.
- the decoding side can perform quantization normalization without sending information about the quantization target normalization value E # .
- the value X - from can calculate a quantization target normalized value E ⁇ . For this reason, it is not necessary to send information about the quantization target normalization value E # , and the amount of communication can be reduced.
- a decoding target normalized value calculation unit 26 is provided in the decoding device 2.
- the decoding target normalization value calculator 26 multiplies the decoding normalization value X ⁇ and the second constant C 2 to obtain the decoding target normalization value E # (step D2 ′).
- the decoding target normalization value E # is sent to the vector decoding unit 22.
- the vector decoding unit 22 multiplies each of the plurality of values corresponding to the vector quantization index and the decoding target normalized value E # to obtain a plurality of decoded values E ⁇ (k).
- the input signal X (k) does not have to be a frequency domain signal and may be an arbitrary signal such as a time domain signal. That is, the present invention can be used for encoding and decoding of an arbitrary signal other than the frequency domain signal.
- C 0 , C 1 , C 2 , and C 3 may be appropriately changed according to required performance and specifications.
- Each step of the encoding method and the decoding method can be realized by a computer.
- the processing content of each step is described by a program.
- Each step is realized on the computer by executing this program on the computer.
- the program describing the processing contents can be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium. Further, at least a part of these processing contents may be realized by hardware.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be appropriately changed without departing from the gist of the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
入力信号X(k)は正規化値計算部12及び量子化対象計算部14に入力される。この例では、入力信号X(k)は、周波数領域変換部11により周波数領域に変換された周波数領域信号である。
量子化対象計算部14は、kとLとを比較する(ステップE32)。k<LであればステップE33に進み、k<LでなければステップE3の処理を終える。
X(k)<0でなければ、量子化対象計算部14は、減算値E-(k)を量子化対象値E(k)とする(ステップE37)。
X(k)<0であれば、量子化対象計算部14は、減算値E-(k)の正負を反転させた-E(k)を量子化対象値E(k)とする(ステップE38)。
正規化値再計算部23は、kとC0とを比較する(ステップD32)。
合成部24は、文字k=0として、kを初期化する(ステップD41)。
合成部24は、kとC0とを比較する(ステップD2)。k<C0でなければ、ステップD4の処理を終える。
復号値E^(k)<0であれば、合成部24は、復号値E^(k)の絶対値|E^(k)|と復号正規化値X-とを加算して正負を反転した値を計算して復号信号の値X^(k)とする(ステップD46)。すなわち、次式により定義される値を計算して、X^(k)とする。
X^(k)が周波数領域信号である場合には、時間領域変換部25がX^(k)を例えば逆フーリエ変換により時間領域信号z(n)に変換する。
ステップD3において、正規化値再計算部23は、前回計算された正規化再計算値X’=が0でない場合には正規化再計算値X=と前回計算された正規化再計算値X’=とを重み付き加算した値を上記正規化再計算値X=としてもよい。正規化再計算値X’=が0の場合には、正規化再計算値の重み付き加算を行わなくてもよい。すなわち、正規化再計算値X’=が0の場合には、正規化再計算値の平滑化を行わなくてもよい。
C0、C1、C2、C3は、求める性能及び仕様に応じて適宜変更してもよい。
Claims (22)
- 入力された所定の個数のサンプルを代表する値である正規化値を計算する正規化値計算ステップと、
上記正規化値を量子化した量子化正規化値及びその量子化正規化値に対応する正規化値量子化インデックスを求める正規化値量子化ステップと、
各上記サンプルの値の大きさに対応する値から上記量子化正規化値に対応する値を減算した減算値が正であり上記各サンプルの値が正の場合にはその減算値を上記各サンプルに対応する量子化対象値とし、上記減算値が正であり上記各サンプルの値が負の場合にはその減算値の正負を反転させた値を上記各サンプルに対応する量子化対象値とし、上記減算値が正でない場合には0を上記各サンプルに対応する量子化対象値とする量子化対象計算ステップと、
複数のサンプルに対応する複数の量子化対象値をまとめてベクトル量子化してベクトル量子化インデックスを求めるベクトル量子化ステップと、
を含む符号化方法。 - 請求項1に記載の符号化方法であって、
上記サンプルの値に大きさに対応する値は、上記サンプルの値の絶対値であり、
上記量子化正規化値に対応する値は、上記量子化正規化値と所定の正の値である調整定数C1との積である、
ことを特徴とする符号化方法。 - 請求項1又は2に記載された符号化方法であって、
上記量子化対象値を代表する値である量子化対象正規化値を計算する量子化対象正規化値計算ステップを更に含み、
上記ベクトル量子化ステップは、上記複数のサンプルに対応する複数の量子化対象値を上記量子化対象正規化値で正規化した値をまとめてベクトル量子化してベクトル量子化インデックスを求める、
ことを特徴とする符号化方法。 - 請求項3に記載された符号化方法であって、
上記量子化対象正規化値は、上記量子化正規化値と所定の調整定数C2との積である、
ことを特徴とする符号化方法。 - 入力された正規化値量子化インデックスに対応する復号正規化値を求める正規化値復号ステップと、
入力されたベクトル量子化インデックスに対応する複数の値を求めて複数の復号値とするベクトル復号ステップと、
所定の個数の上記復号値の絶対値の和が大きいほど小さい値を取る正規化再計算値を計算する正規化値再計算ステップと、
各上記復号値が0の場合には上記正規化値再計算値と第一定数とをかけた値を絶対値として持つ値を復号信号とし、各上記復号値が0でない場合には上記各復号値又は上記各復号値の絶対値と上記復号正規化値との線形和に対して上記各復号値の正負を反映させた値を復号信号とする合成ステップと、
を含む復号方法。 - 請求項5に記載された復号方法であって、
上記正規化値再計算値と第一定数とをかけた値を絶対値として持つ値は、上記正規化値再計算値と第一定数とをかけてランダムに正負を反転させた値である、
ことを特徴とする復号方法。 - 請求項5から7の何れかに記載された復号方法であって、
上記合成ステップは、各上記復号値が0でない場合には、上記各復号値の絶対値と、上記復号正規化値に所定の正の値である調整定数C1を乗算した値とを加算した値に上記各復号値の正負を乗算した値を復号信号とする、
ことを特徴とする復号方法。 - 請求項5から8の何れかに記載された復号方法であって、
上記正規化値再計算ステップは、上記正規化再計算値が0でない場合には上記正規化再計算値と前回計算された正規化再計算値とを重み付き加算した値を上記正規化再計算値とする、
ことを特徴とする復号方法。 - 請求項5から9の何れかに記載された復号方法であって、
上記復号正規化値と第二定数とをかけて復号対象正規化値とする復号対象正規化値計算ステップを更に含み、
上記ベクトル復号ステップは、上記ベクトル量子化インデックスに対応する複数の値のそれぞれと上記復号対象正規化値とをかけて上記複数の復号値とする、
ことを特徴とする復号方法。 - 入力された所定の個数のサンプルを代表する値である正規化値を計算する正規化値計算部と、
上記正規化値を量子化した量子化正規化値及びその量子化正規化値に対応する正規化値量子化インデックスを求める正規化値量子化部と、
各上記サンプルの値の大きさに対応する値から上記量子化正規化値に対応する値を減算した減算値を計算し、上記減算値が正であり上記各サンプルの値が正の場合にはその減算値を上記各サンプルに対応する量子化対象値とし、上記減算値が正であり上記各サンプルの値が負の場合にはその減算値の正負を反転させた値を上記各サンプルに対応する量子化対象値とし、上記減算値が正でない場合には0を上記各サンプルに対応する量子化対象値とする量子化対象計算部、
複数のサンプルに対応する複数の量子化対象値をまとめてベクトル量子化してベクトル量子化インデックスを求めるベクトル量子化部と、
を含む符号化装置。 - 請求項11に記載の符号化装置であって、
上記サンプルの値に大きさに対応する値は、上記サンプルの値の絶対値であり、
上記量子化正規化値に対応する値は、上記量子化正規化値と所定の正の値である調整定数C1との積である、
ことを特徴とする符号化装置。 - 請求項11又は12に記載された符号化装置であって、
上記量子化対象値を代表する値である量子化対象正規化値を計算する量子化対象正規化値計算部を更に含み、
上記ベクトル量子化部は、上記複数のサンプルに対応する複数の量子化対象値を上記量子化対象正規化値で正規化した値をまとめてベクトル量子化してベクトル量子化インデックスを求める、
ことを特徴とする符号化装置。 - 請求項13に記載された符号化装置であって、
上記量子化対象正規化値は、上記量子化正規化値と所定の調整定数C2との積である、
ことを特徴とする符号化装置。 - 入力された正規化値量子化インデックスに対応する復号正規化値を求める正規化値復号部と、
入力されたベクトル量子化インデックスに対応する複数の値を求めて複数の復号値とするベクトル復号部と、
所定の個数の上記復号値の絶対値の和が大きいほど小さい値を取る正規化再計算値を計算する正規化値再計算部と、
各上記復号値が0の場合には上記正規化値再計算値と第一定数とをかけた値を絶対値として持つ値を復号信号とし、各上記復号値が0でない場合には上記各復号値又は上記各復号値の絶対値と上記復号正規化値との線形和に対して上記各復号値の正負を反映させた値を復号信号とする合成部と、
を含む復号装置。 - 請求項15に記載された復号装置であって、
上記正規化値再計算値と第一定数とをかけた値を絶対値として持つ値は、上記正規化値再計算値と第一定数とをかけてランダムに正負を反転させた値である、
ことを特徴とする復号装置。 - 請求項15から17の何れかに記載された復号装置であって、
上記合成部は、各上記復号値が0でない場合には、上記各復号値の絶対値と、上記復号正規化値に所定の正の値である調整定数C1を乗算した値とを加算した値に上記各復号値の正負を乗算した値を復号信号とする、
ことを特徴とする復号装置。 - 請求項15から18の何れかに記載された復号装置であって、
上記正規化値再計算部は、上記正規化再計算値が0でない場合には上記正規化再計算値と前回計算された正規化再計算値とを重み付き加算した値を上記正規化再計算値とする、
ことを特徴とする復号装置。 - 請求項15から19の何れかに記載された復号装置であって、
上記復号正規化値と第二定数とをかけて復号対象正規化値とする復号対象正規化値計算部を更に含み、
上記ベクトル復号部は、上記ベクトル量子化インデックスに対応する複数の値のそれぞれと上記復号対象正規化値とをかけて上記複数の復号値とする、
ことを特徴とする復号装置。 - 請求項1から10に記載の方法の各ステップをコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。
- 請求項21に記載のプログラムが記載されたコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体。
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