WO2011109944A1 - 一种基于波束赋形的通信方法和系统 - Google Patents

一种基于波束赋形的通信方法和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011109944A1
WO2011109944A1 PCT/CN2010/071017 CN2010071017W WO2011109944A1 WO 2011109944 A1 WO2011109944 A1 WO 2011109944A1 CN 2010071017 W CN2010071017 W CN 2010071017W WO 2011109944 A1 WO2011109944 A1 WO 2011109944A1
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Prior art keywords
groups
terminal
base station
antenna
sector
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PCT/CN2010/071017
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘广
谢文玲
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2010/071017 priority Critical patent/WO2011109944A1/zh
Publication of WO2011109944A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011109944A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a communication method and system based on BF (Beam-Forming).
  • BF Beam-Forming
  • BF Beam-Forming
  • the main principle is to generate strong directional radiation patterns by using the strong correlation of spatial channels and the interference principle of waves.
  • the main lobe of the radiation pattern is adaptively directed to the user's incoming wave direction, thereby increasing the signal to noise ratio and increasing system capacity or coverage.
  • MIMO Multiple Input and Multiple Output
  • MIMO Multiple Input and Multiple Output
  • This technology utilizes multipath to combat various random fading of channels, effectively avoids co-channel interference, and changes channel quality, thereby improving network reliability and communication service quality.
  • space resources By utilizing space resources, theoretically, no additional air interface resources can be consumed. (Time, frequency) is based on multiple times to increase system capacity and spectral efficiency.
  • the diversity STC technology utilizes both time and space, does not increase system capacity, but improves diversity and coding gain.
  • the principle is shown in Figure 1.
  • the input characters ie the information source
  • the input characters are divided into two groups, each group being two characters.
  • two characters [C1, C2] of each group are sent from two antennas at the same time.
  • these two characters are transformed into the form [-C2*, C1*] again.
  • Sent from two antennas In this way, the receiving antenna can receive two characters in two characters and receive two characters in a form of two characters, which is greatly improved, and the bit error rate is reduced.
  • the reliability of the link is increased, which in turn increases the signal coverage.
  • the diversity gain can also be converted into throughput improvement, such as using a higher modulation coding method.
  • the spatial multiplexing SM technology utilizes space.
  • the sender can simultaneously send multiple characters within one character time. As shown in Figure 2, the sender sends three characters simultaneously in one character time, the next character time. Send another three characters.
  • the high-speed data stream is divided into parallel data streams for simultaneous transmission. At this time, the transmission data of each antenna is different, and spatial demodulation multiplexing is performed at the receiving end to recombine into a high-speed serial data stream. With this approach, system transfer rates and throughput can be increased to a large extent.
  • Distributed MIMO is that the transmitting antennas belong to different base stations, and the two base stations cooperate to perform MIMO processing on the same terminal.
  • the centralized MIMO is that the transmitting antennas belong to the same base station, and the same terminal is subjected to MIMO processing.
  • both BF and MIMO technologies are used by base stations for a single terminal, especially BF technology, which increases the complexity of BF applications due to the need to dynamically calculate weights so that the radiation range can cover a particular terminal. .
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a beamforming-based communication method and system, which can reduce the complexity of the BF application and improve the throughput of the system.
  • the present invention provides a communication method based on beamforming, which includes:
  • the base station may also have the following features:
  • the base station receives feedback from the terminal and learns that the terminal simultaneously receives signals equal to or greater than two sets of BF antenna groups, the base station communicates with the terminal by means of multiple input multiple output (MIMO).
  • MIMO multiple input multiple output
  • the above method may also have the following features:
  • the base station receives the feedback of the terminal, it is learned that the terminal receives the signals of the two groups of BF antenna groups at the same time, if the two groups of BF antenna groups belong to the same base station, and the signal correlation of the two groups of BF antenna groups is less than or
  • the base station communicates with the terminal by using a spatial multiplexing (SM) method of MIMO.
  • SM spatial multiplexing
  • the above method may also have the following features:
  • the base station receives the feedback from the terminal, it is learned that the terminal receives the signals of the two groups of BF antenna groups at the same time, if the two groups of BF antenna groups belong to the same base station, and the signal phases of the two groups of BF antenna groups
  • the base station communicates with the terminal by a space time coding (STC) method of MIMO.
  • STC space time coding
  • the above method may also have the following features:
  • the base station receives the feedback of the terminal, it is learned that the terminal receives the signals of the two groups of BF antenna groups at the same time, and if the two groups of BF antenna groups belong to two different base stations, the two base stations use the distributed MIMO STC. The method communicates with the terminal.
  • the above method may also have the following features:
  • the base station receives the feedback from the terminal and learns that the terminal simultaneously receives signals of more than two groups of BF antenna groups, the base station selects two sets of BF antenna groups with the strongest signal, and performs the MIMO STC method with the terminal. Communication.
  • the above method may also have the following features:
  • the base station When one or more sectors of the base station are in a busy state, the base station dynamically selects a sector in an idle state, and sets a radiation signal direction of the BF antenna group corresponding to the sector in the idle state and a sector in a busy state.
  • the direction of the radiated signals of the corresponding BF antenna group is the same, and the sectors of the busy state in which the radiated signals are in the same direction and the sectors in the idle state are multiplexed by the SM method of MIMO.
  • the above method may also have the following features:
  • the frequency band used by each sector of the base station is the entire frequency band of the base station.
  • the present invention provides a BF-based communication system including one or more base stations and one or more terminals.
  • the base station includes a plurality of sectors, each sector corresponding to a group of BF antennas, and the base station is configured to set a main lobe of each group of BF antenna groups to coincide with a corresponding sector, through the BF antenna group, and each of the fans Terminals within the coverage area communicate;
  • a terminal that is within the coverage of the base station sector is used to communicate with the base station.
  • the above communication system may also have the following features:
  • the terminal is further configured to feed back, to the base station, the information of the BF antenna group that receives the signal; and the base station is further configured to: when it is learned by the feedback of the terminal that the terminal simultaneously receives signals of two groups or more of the BF antenna groups, The MIMO approach communicates with the terminal.
  • the above communication system may also have the following features:
  • the base station is further configured to: when the terminal receives the signals of the two groups of BF antenna groups simultaneously according to the feedback of the terminal, if the two groups of BF antenna groups belong to the same base station, and the signals of the two groups of BF antenna groups When the correlation is less than or equal to the preset correlation threshold and the terminal can normally demodulate the signals of the two groups of BF antenna groups, the MIMO SM mode is used to communicate with the terminal.
  • the above communication system may also have the following features:
  • the base station is further configured to: when the terminal receives the signals of the two groups of BF antenna groups simultaneously according to the feedback of the terminal, if the two groups of BF antenna groups belong to the same base station, and the two groups of BF days When signals of two or all sets of BF antenna groups are grouped, the terminal communicates with the terminal by using the MIMO STC method.
  • the above communication system may also have the following features:
  • the base station is further configured to: when the terminal receives the signals of the two groups of BF antenna groups simultaneously according to the feedback of the terminal, if the two groups of BF antenna groups belong to two different base stations, and the other base
  • the above communication system may also have the following features:
  • the base station is further configured to: when the terminal receives the signal that is greater than two groups of BF antenna groups at the same time according to the feedback of the terminal, select the two groups of BF antenna groups with the strongest signal, and adopt the MIMO STC mode and the terminal. Communicate.
  • the above communication system may also have the following features:
  • the base station is further configured to dynamically select a sector in an idle state when one or more sectors are in a busy state, and set a radiation signal direction of the BF antenna group corresponding to the sector in the idle state to be in a busy state.
  • the BF antenna group corresponding to the sector has the same radiation signal direction, and the DRAM SM mode multiplexes the busy state sector and the idle state sector with the same radiation signal direction.
  • the invention can maximize the data transmission rate and maximize the spectrum utilization, thereby improving the reliability of the link and the throughput of the system, which can be embodied as follows:
  • each sector can use all the frequency band resources of the base station. For each additional BF antenna group, one sector can be added, and the hardware device can be used to obtain more. High spectrum utilization;
  • the weight of the BF antenna group can be calculated in advance, and the base station is not required to dynamically calculate, and the current dynamic calculation weight is BF. Difficult, the algorithm complexity is high, and the invention can greatly reduce the hardware and software complexity by pre-calculating the weights and fixing them;
  • the present invention transforms the inevitable co-channel interference in the actual networking into enhanced signal strength or increased throughput through MIMO technology
  • the present invention actively creates co-channel interference in a busy area, and then utilizes MIMO technology To turn the interference into a gain in throughput to reduce the level of busy congestion.
  • FIG. 1 is the STC schematic diagram
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the SM
  • Figure 3 is a base station with 4 sectors as an example
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a base station using BF
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of processing performed by a base station according to a terminal feedback according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of an overlapping area between two base stations
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart of processing performed by a base station to a sector in a busy state according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a signal of an idle B area directed to a busy A area. Preferred embodiment of the invention
  • the area of the beam can be controlled by adding different weights to the antennas in the BF antenna group.
  • the signal is enhanced in the area, and the signal outside the area is 0.
  • the basic idea of the present invention is that, when networking, the same weight is used to treat each beam as one sector, so that multiple non-interfering sectors can be formed on one base station to enhance the throughput of the system. the amount. Each sector can utilize all of the frequency band resources of the base station.
  • the BF-based communication method of the present invention includes: setting a base station to include multiple sectors, each sector corresponding to a group of BF antenna groups; setting a main lobe of each group of BF antenna groups to coincide with a corresponding sector; The base station communicates with terminals within the coverage of each sector through the BF antenna group.
  • a group of antennas using BF technology is referred to as a BF antenna group, and each base station is provided with a plurality of sets of BF antenna groups corresponding to sectors.
  • the base station may perform communication services separately for each sector, or may multiplex two or more sectors by means of MIMO.
  • MIMO technology can be used to transform the original two mutually interfered signals into a set gain or spatial gain, to avoid or avoid interference in certain areas of the actual networking, or to reduce the congestion degree of busy sectors and to change the interference between the inter-base station edge regions. To enhance signal strength.
  • the base station if the base station receives the feedback of the terminal, and learns that the terminal simultaneously receives the signals of the two groups of BF antenna groups, the base station communicates with the terminal by using MIMO, including the following situations:
  • the base station receives feedback from the terminal, it is learned that the terminal simultaneously receives signals of two groups of BF antenna groups, if the two groups of BF antenna groups belong to the same base station, and the signals of the two groups of BF antenna groups are correlated
  • the base station communicates with the terminal by using the MIMO SM mode;
  • the base station receives the feedback from the terminal, it is learned that the terminal receives the signals of the two groups of BF antenna groups at the same time, if the two groups of BF antenna groups belong to the same base station, and the two groups of the two groups of BF antenna groups When the signals of the BF antenna group are grouped, the base station communicates with the terminal by using the MIMO STC mode;
  • the base station receives feedback from the terminal, it is learned that the terminal simultaneously receives signals of two groups of BF antenna groups, and if the two groups of BF antenna groups belong to two different base stations, the two base stations are distributed.
  • the STC mode of MIMO communicates with the terminal;
  • the base station If the base station receives feedback from the terminal and learns that the terminal simultaneously receives signals of more than two groups of BF antenna groups, the base station selects two groups of BF antenna groups with the strongest signal, and uses the MIMO STC method and The terminal communicates.
  • the base station dynamically selects a sector in an idle state, and sets a radiation signal direction of the BF antenna group corresponding to the sector in the idle state and is in a busy state.
  • the BF antenna group corresponding to the sector has the same radiation signal direction, and MIMO is used.
  • the SM mode multiplexes the sectors in the busy state in which the radiated signals are in the same direction and the sectors in the idle state.
  • the present invention is instantiated and compared with existing common networking methods.
  • the existing networking mode it is assumed that one base station has N megabytes of bandwidth and is divided into M sectors.
  • a frequency division method is used, and each sector uses N/M megaband bandwidth (Fig. 3 4 sector bandwidth as an example).
  • M groups of BF antenna groups are used to form M BF sectors (as shown in FIG. 4 with 6 beam sectors), because of the characteristics of BF, each sector pair Other sectors have no interference, so each sector can use N megabits of bandwidth. That is, the frequency band used by each sector of the base station can be the entire frequency band of the base station, the spectrum utilization rate is M times that of the existing method, and the frequency utilization rate can be improved by adding the BF antenna group.
  • the corresponding BF antenna group of the sector that is in the idle state at the same time is directed to the sector in the busy state, and the sector in the busy state is subjected to the MIMO SM processing to improve the limit throughput of the busy sector. Quantity, reduce congestion, and improve antenna group utilization.
  • the MIMO STC technology is used to change the inevitable overlapping interference between the two base stations into component set gains, effectively improving the coverage of the sectors.
  • Step 501 Determine a communication service demand within a coverage of a single base station
  • Step 502 determining a required number of sectors and a sector range
  • the required number of sectors and the sector range are inferred according to the service demand and the range of frequency bands that the base station can utilize, wherein each sector can use all the frequency bands of the base station.
  • the bandwidth required for the communication service is 100 megabits
  • the bandwidth resource is 10 megabytes per sector, which requires 10 sectors.
  • the sector range is 360. Divide by the number of sectors. If the band resource is only 5 megabytes, that is, 5 megabytes per sector, then 20 sectors are required.
  • Step 503 Set a main lobe of each group of BF antenna groups to coincide with a corresponding sector
  • the main lobe of the radiation direction of the BF antenna group may be coincident with the corresponding sector according to the pre-calculated weight, wherein the calculation method of the weight is a prior art, and will not be described in detail herein.
  • Step 504 numbering the base station and the BF antenna group, for example, the base station number is N, and its antenna Groups are Nl, N2... Ni;
  • Step 505 When the terminal is in the network, feedback to the base station, which antenna group signals are received, and the base station performs corresponding processing according to the feedback, and the processing process is shown in FIG. 6;
  • Step 506 When a certain sector of the base station is in a busy state, the base station performs corresponding processing, as shown in FIG. 9.
  • step 504 it is assumed that there are two adjacent base stations N, M, and BF antenna groups are numbered according to step 504, and the refinement steps of the above step 505 are as follows:
  • Step 601 the base station N determines whether the terminal only receives the signal of the base station N according to the feedback of the terminal, and if yes, performs the next step, otherwise, step 608 is performed;
  • Step 602 Determine whether the terminal only receives a signal of a group of BF antenna groups, and if yes, execute step 604; otherwise, perform the next step;
  • Step 603 the terminal receives two or more sets of BF antenna group signals at the same time, then two sets of antenna groups use MIMO to communicate with the terminal, step 605;
  • Step 604 The BF antenna group (assumed to be N1) that receives the signal by the terminal is the terminal processing service, and the process ends.
  • Step 605 If the terminal receives the signals of the two groups of BF antenna groups at the same time, H is not N1 and N2, and determines the correlation between N1 and N2, if the correlation is less than or equal to the preset correlation threshold J (0 ⁇ J ⁇ 1 , the specific value is determined by the processing capability of the terminal, and the terminal can normally demodulate the signals of N1 and N2, and then step 607 is performed; if the correlation is greater than the preset correlation threshold J, or the terminal cannot properly demodulate the signal
  • the signal of one group or all two groups of BF antenna groups ie, the signal is weak
  • the base station selects the two groups of BF antenna groups with the strongest signal selection. , performing step 606;
  • Step 606 The base station N communicates with the terminal by using the MIMO STC mode, and ends the process.
  • Step 607 The base station N communicates with the terminal by using the MIMO SM mode, and ends the process.
  • Step 608 the terminal further receives another base station.
  • the signal of the BF antenna group M1 of M is communicated with the terminal by using the two antenna groups N1 and M1, and the STC method of distributed MIMO is used to end the flow.
  • distributed MIMO is performed, which belongs to the same base station.
  • Centralized MIMO For example, when the terminal detects the signals of N1 and N2 (the overlap between the sectors is unavoidable in practice), as shown in Fig. 7, when the correlation is low, the N1 and N2 antenna groups perform MIMO SM processing on the terminal, and when the correlation is high, MIMO is performed. STC processing. When the terminal is between two base stations, as shown in Figure 8, and simultaneously receiving signals of N1 and M2, then N1 and M2 perform distributed MIMO STC processing on the terminal, turning the interference into a signal gain.
  • Step 901 The base station scans all its sectors, and divides them into a busy state (congested) sector and an idle state sector;
  • Step 902 when a sector is in a busy state, the base station dynamically selects a sector in an idle state, and sets the sector in the idle state.
  • the direction of the radiation signal of the corresponding BF antenna group is the same as the direction of the radiation signal of the BF antenna group corresponding to the sector in the busy state, that is, the BF antenna group corresponding to the sector in the idle state uses the weight of the BF antenna group corresponding to the busy sector.
  • the values are multiplexed with the MIMO SM mode to communicate with terminals within the coverage of the busy sector.
  • the BF antenna group performs MIMO SM processing on the N1 sector to improve the spectrum utilization of the N1 sector and reduce the congestion degree of the N1 sector.
  • the BF antenna group that is directed to the B area can be pinged to the A area during the idle time, so that the terminal in the A area performs MIMO SM processing.
  • the BF-based communication system of the embodiment of the present invention includes one or more base stations and one or more terminals.
  • the base station includes a plurality of sectors, each sector corresponding to a group of BF antennas, and the base station is configured to set a main lobe of each group of BF antenna groups to coincide with a corresponding sector, through the BF antenna group, and each of the fans Terminals within the coverage area communicate;
  • a terminal within the coverage of the base station sector for communicating with the base station, and further using Information for feeding back the BF antenna group that received the signal to the base station;
  • the base station is further configured to: when the terminal receives the signal that is greater than the two sets of BF antenna groups simultaneously according to the feedback of the terminal, communicate with the terminal by using MIMO.
  • the BF technique can make the main lobe have directivity, the size of the main lobe region can be controlled by adding different weights to the antennas in the antenna group, and the signal other than the main lobe region can be suppressed, so that one main The flap is regarded as a sector.
  • the antenna group By increasing the antenna group, the number of sectors of the base station is increased. Since each sector is formed by BF, theoretically, there is no mutual interference problem in each sector, that is, each All frequency bands of this base station can be used in most areas of the sector. In the actual networking, the overlapping part is unavoidable.
  • the MIMO SM technology can be used in the overlapping area to increase the spectrum utilization. It is caused by the main lobe of different base stations, and the OFDM STC technology can be used in the overlapping area to increase the signal strength of the edge terminal.
  • the unbusy sector of the same base station can be signaled to the busy sector when idle, and the MIMO SM technology is used in the busy sector to improve the spectrum utilization of the busy sector. To reduce the congestion of busy sectors and make full use of the resources of free sectors.
  • the present invention provides a BF-based communication method and system, which utilizes the characteristics of the BF technology and the MIMO technology to perform networking, and can improve the spectrum utilization rate by increasing the BF antenna group, and can solve the problem of insufficient bandwidth resources in a busy area. Networking, and temporary interference problems.

Description

一种基于波束赋形的通信方法和系统
技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域,尤其涉及一种基于 BF ( Beam-Forming, 波束赋形) 的通信方法和系统。
背景技术
BF ( Beam-Forming , 波束赋形 )是一种应用于小间距的天线阵列多天线 传输技术, 其主要原理是利用空间信道的强相关性及波的干涉原理产生强方 向性的辐射方向图, 使辐射方向图的主瓣自适应地指向用户来波方向, 从而 提高信噪比, 提高系统容量或者覆盖范围。
MIMO ( Multiple Input and Multiple Output, 多输入多输出)技术是指在 发射机 /接收机利用多天线发送 /接收的技术,是无线移动天线领域中多天线技 术的研究热点, 也是下一代移动通信系统必须釆用的关键技术之一。 此技术 利用多径来抗击信道的各种随机衰落, 有效的避免共道干扰, 改变信道质量, 从而改进网络的可靠性以及通信服务质量; 通过利用空间资源, 理论上可以 在不消耗额外空口资源 (时间、 频率) 的基础上成倍的提高系统容量和频谱 效率。
MIMO技术主要有两种应用: 分集 STC ( Space Time Coding, 空时编码) (包括发射分集和接收分集, 矩阵 A ) 以及 SM ( Spatial Multiplexing, 空间 复用) (矩阵 B ) 。
分集 STC技术同时利用了时间和空间, 不提高系统容量, 但是提高分集 和编码增益, 其原理见图 1。 从图 1 中可以看到, 输入字符即信息源被分为 两组, 每组为两个字符。 在第一个字符时间内, 每组的两个字符 [C1,C2]同时 从两根天线发送, 下一个字符时间内, 这两个字符被变换成形式为 [-C2*,C1*] 再次从两根天线发出。 这样接收天线在两个字符时间内就可以收到两个字符 收到两个字符的一种形式相比得到了很大程度的提高, 表现为误码率降低, 链路的可靠性被提高, 进而提高信号的覆盖范围。 在覆盖范围一定且用户的 误码率要求一定时, 分集增益也可以转化为吞吐量的提高, 如釆用更高的调 制编码方式等。
空间复用 SM技术利用了空间, 发送方可以在原发射一个字符时间内同 时发送多个字符, 如图 2所示, 发送方在一个字符时间内把三个字符同时发 送出去, 下一个字符时间内再发送另外三个字符。 高速的数据流被分成并行 的数据流同时进行发射, 此时每根天线的发射数据是不一样的, 在接收端再 进行空间解调复用, 重新组合成高速串行数据流。 利用这种方法, 可以艮大 程度的提高系统传输速率和吞吐量。
分布式 MIMO是发射天线属于不同基站, 两个基站协作, 对相同终端进 行 MIMO处理, 集中式 MIMO是发射天线属于相同基站, 对相同终端进行 MIMO处理。
由于无线信道实时变化, 在某些时刻使用分集 STC可以得到更好的信道 增益, 提高链路传输可靠性; 在某些时刻釆用空间复用 SM可以提高信道传 输速率, 从而提高信道的吞吐量。 单独使用 STC技术或者 SM技术都不能最 大限度的利用有限的频带资源。
在现有技术中, BF 以及 MIMO技术均是基站针对单个终端而使用的, 特别是 BF技术,由于需要动态计算权值使得辐射范围能覆盖到某个特定终端 上, 增加了 BF应用的复杂度。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题就是提出一种基于波束赋形的通信方法和系 统, 能够减小 BF应用的复杂度, 并提高系统的吞吐量。
为了解决上述技术问题, 本发明提供一种基于波束赋形的通信方法, 包 括:
设置基站包含多个扇区, 每个扇区对应一组波束赋形 (BF )天线组; 设 置每组 BF天线组的主瓣与对应的扇区重合; 所述基站通过 BF天线组, 与每 个扇区覆盖范围内的终端进行通信。 进一步地, 上述方法还可具有以下特点:
所述基站通过 BF天线组,与每个扇区覆盖范围内的终端进行通信的步骤 中,
若基站接收到终端的反馈, 获知所述终端同时接收到大于等于 2组 BF 天线组的信号, 则所述基站釆用多输入多输出 (MIMO ) 的方式与所述终端 进行通信。
进一步地, 上述方法还可具有以下特点:
若基站接收到终端的反馈,获知所述终端同时接收到 2组 BF天线组的信 号, 若所述 2组 BF天线组归属同一个基站, 且所述 2组 BF天线组的信号相 关性小于或等于预设的相关性阔值且所述终端可正常解调所述 2组 BF天线组 的信号时, 则所述基站釆用 MIMO 的空间复用 (SM )方式与所述终端进行 通信。
进一步地, 上述方法还可具有以下特点:
若基站接收到终端的反馈,获知所述终端同时接收到 2组 BF天线组的信 号, 若所述 2组 BF天线组归属同一个基站, 且所述 2组 BF天线组的信号相
BF天线组的信号时, 所述基站釆用 MIMO的空时编码 ( STC )方式与所述终 端进行通信。
进一步地, 上述方法还可具有以下特点:
若基站接收到终端的反馈,获知所述终端同时接收到 2组 BF天线组的信 号, 若所述 2组 BF天线组归属于 2个不同基站, 所述 2个基站釆用分布式 MIMO的 STC方式与所述终端进行通信。
进一步地, 上述方法还可具有以下特点:
若基站接收到终端的反馈,获知所述终端同时接收到大于 2组 BF天线组 的信号, 则所述基站选择信号最强的 2组 BF天线组, 釆用 MIMO的 STC方 式与所述终端进行通信。
进一步地, 上述方法还可具有以下特点:
所述基站通过 BF天线组,与每个扇区覆盖范围内的终端进行通信的步骤 中,
当基站的一个或多个扇区处于繁忙状态时, 所述基站动态选择处于空闲 状态的扇区,设置所述空闲状态的扇区对应的 BF天线组的辐射信号方向与处 于繁忙状态的扇区对应的 BF天线组的辐射信号方向相同,釆用 MIMO的 SM 方式将所述辐射信号方向相同的繁忙状态的扇区和空闲状态的扇区进行复 用。
进一步地, 上述方法还可具有以下特点:
所述基站的每个扇区使用的频段范围为所述基站的全部频段。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种基于 BF的通信系统, 包括一个 或多个基站以及一个或多个终端,
所述基站包含多个扇区,每个扇区对应一组 BF天线组,所述基站用于设 置每组 BF天线组的主瓣与对应的扇区重合, 通过 BF天线组, 与其每个扇区 覆盖范围内的终端进行通信;
处于基站扇区覆盖范围内的终端用于与所述基站通信。
进一步地, 上述通信系统还可具有以下特点:
所述终端进一步用于向基站反馈接收到信号的 BF天线组的信息; 所述基站进一步用于当根据终端的反馈获知所述终端同时接收到大于等 于 2组 BF天线组的信号时, 釆用 MIMO的方式与所述终端进行通信。
进一步地, 上述通信系统还可具有以下特点:
所述基站进一步用于当根据终端的反馈获知所述终端同时接收到 2组 BF 天线组的信号时, 若所述 2组 BF天线组归属同一个基站, 且所述 2组 BF天 线组的信号相关性小于或等于预设的相关性阔值且所述终端可正常解调所述 2组 BF天线组的信号时, 则釆用 MIMO的 SM方式与所述终端进行通信。
进一步地, 上述通信系统还可具有以下特点:
所述基站进一步用于当根据终端的反馈获知所述终端同时接收到 2组 BF 天线组的信号时, 若所述 2组 BF天线组归属同一个基站, 且所述 2组 BF天 组或全部 2组 BF天线组的信号时, 则釆用 MIMO的 STC方式与所述终端进 行通信。
进一步地, 上述通信系统还可具有以下特点:
所述基站进一步用于当根据终端的反馈获知所述终端同时接收到 2组 BF 天线组的信号时,若所述 2组 BF天线组归属于 2个不同基站,则与另一个基
进一步地, 上述通信系统还可具有以下特点:
所述基站进一步用于当根据终端的反馈获知所述终端同时接收到大于 2 组 BF天线组的信号时, 则选择信号最强的 2组 BF天线组, 釆用 MIMO的 STC方式与所述终端进行通信。
进一步地, 上述通信系统还可具有以下特点:
所述基站进一步用于当其中一个或多个扇区处于繁忙状态时, 动态选择 处于空闲状态的扇区,设置所述空闲状态的扇区对应的 BF天线组的辐射信号 方向与处于繁忙状态的扇区对应的 BF 天线组的辐射信号方向相同, 釆用 MIMO的 SM方式将所述辐射信号方向相同的繁忙状态的扇区和空闲状态的 扇区进行复用。
本发明能够最大化数据传输速率, 最大限度的提高频谱利用率, 从而提 高链路的可靠性和系统的吞吐量, 具体可体现为:
( 1 ) 因为 BF可以抑制除主瓣区域外的信号, 所以每个扇区可以釆用基 站的所有频段资源,每增加一个 BF天线组, 就可以增加一个扇区, 通过增加 硬件设备来获取更高的频谱利用率; 同时当扇区数确定时, 即 BF天线组的数 目确定时, 可以预先计算确认 BF天线组的权值, 不需要基站动态去计算, 而 现时动态计算权值是 BF的难点,算法复杂度较高, 而本发明通过预先计算权 值并固定下来, 可以大大降低软硬件复杂度;
( 2 )本发明把实际组网中不可避免的同频干扰, 通过 MIMO技术变成 增强信号强度或者增加吞吐量;
( 3 )本发明通过主动创造繁忙区域的同频干扰, 然后利用 MIMO技术 来把干扰变成吞吐量的增益, 来降低繁忙的拥塞程度。 附图概述
图 1 是 STC原理图;
图 2是 SM原理图;
图 3是以 4扇区为例的基站;
图 4是釆用 BF的基站示意图;
图 5是本发明实施例的通信方法流程图;
图 6是本发明实施例的基站根据终端反馈进行处理的流程图;
图 7是重叠区域属于同一个基站的示意图;
图 8是重叠区域处于两个基站之间的示意图;
图 9是本发明实施例的基站对处于繁忙状态扇区的处理流程图; 图 10是把空闲 B区域的信号打向繁忙 A区域的示意图。 本发明的较佳实施方式
使用 BF技术, 可以通过 BF天线组中的天线加不同权值控制波束的区域 范围, 区域范围内信号增强, 而区域范围外信号为 0。
本发明的基本思想是, 在组网时, 同过预设权值, 把每个波束看成一个 扇区, 这样可以在一个基站上形成多个互不干扰的扇区, 以增强系统的吞吐 量。 每个扇区可釆用基站的所有频段资源。
具体地, 本发明的基于 BF的通信方法包括: 设置基站包含多个扇区, 每 个扇区对应一组 BF天线组; 设置每组 BF天线组的主瓣与对应的扇区重合; 所述基站通过 BF天线组, 与每个扇区覆盖范围内的终端进行通信。
在本发明中, 将釆用 BF技术的一组天线称为 BF天线组, 每个基站设置 多组与扇区对应的 BF天线组。
基站可以使用每个扇区分别进行通信业务, 也可以釆用 MIMO的方式将 两个或多个扇区复用。 使用 MIMO技术可以把原来两个相互干扰的信号变成分集增益或者空间 增益, 用于或避免实际组网中某些区域干扰, 或减轻繁忙扇区的拥塞程度和 把基站间边缘地区的干扰变成增强信号强度。
具体地, 若基站接收到终端的反馈, 获知所述终端同时接收到大于等于 2组 BF天线组的信号, 则所述基站釆用 MIMO的方式与所述终端进行通信, 包括以下几种情况:
( 1 )若基站接收到终端的反馈, 获知所述终端同时接收到 2组 BF天线 组的信号, 若所述 2组 BF天线组归属同一个基站, 且所述 2组 BF天线组的 信号相关性小于等于预设的相关性阔值且所述终端可正常解调所述 2组 BF 天线组的信号时, 则所述基站釆用 MIMO的 SM方式与所述终端进行通信;
( 2 )若基站接收到终端的反馈, 获知所述终端同时接收到 2组 BF天线 组的信号, 若所述 2组 BF天线组归属同一个基站, 且所述 2组 BF天线组的 部 2组 BF天线组的信号时, 所述基站釆用 MIMO的 STC方式与所述终端进 行通信;
( 3 )若基站接收到终端的反馈, 获知所述终端同时接收到 2组 BF天线 组的信号,若所述 2组 BF天线组归属于 2个不同基站, 所述 2个基站釆用分 布式 MIMO的 STC方式与所述终端进行通信;
( 4 )若基站接收到终端的反馈, 获知所述终端同时接收到大于 2组 BF 天线组的信号, 则所述基站选择信号最强的 2组 BF天线组, 釆用 MIMO的 STC方式与所述终端进行通信。
需要说明的是, 上述(1 ) 、 (2 )种情况, 由于 2组 BF天线组归属同一 个基站, 所以釆用的是集中式 MIMO的方式; 第 (4 )种情况, 若选择的信 号最强的 2组 BF天线组归属同一个基站, 则釆用集中式 MIMO的方式, 若 归属不同的基站, 则釆用分布式 MIMO的方式。
另外, 当基站的一个或多个扇区处于繁忙状态时, 所述基站动态选择处 于空闲状态的扇区,设置所述空闲状态的扇区对应的 BF天线组的辐射信号方 向与处于繁忙状态的扇区对应的 BF天线组的辐射信号方向相同,釆用 MIMO 的 SM方式将所述辐射信号方向相同的繁忙状态的扇区和空闲状态的扇区进 行复用。
为更好的进行说明, 将本发明实例化, 并与现有常见组网方式进行对比。 现有组网方式中, 假设一个基站有 N兆带宽, 分为 M个扇区, 为了避免 扇区中相互干扰, 利用频分的方法, 每个扇区用 N/M兆带宽(图 3以 4扇区 带宽为例) 。 在同样情况下, 本发明实施例中釆用 M组 BF天线组, 形成 M 个 BF的扇区 (如图 4以 6个波束的扇区为例) , 因为 BF的特性, 每个扇区 对其他扇区没有干扰, 所以每个扇区可以用 N兆带宽。 也就是所基站的每个 扇区使用的频段范围可以是基站的全部频段,频谱利用率是现有方法的 M倍, 而且可以通过增加 BF天线组, 来提高频语利用率。
而利用 MIMO技术, 把在同一时间处于空闲状态的扇区的对应的 BF天 线组, 打向处于繁忙状态的扇区, 与繁忙状态的扇区作 MIMO的 SM处理, 提高繁忙扇区的极限吞吐量, 降低拥塞程度, 并提高天线组的利用率。 同时, 利用 MIMO的 STC技术,来把 2个基站间不可避免的重叠的干扰, 变成分集 增益, 有效的提高扇区的覆盖范围。
下面以两个基站为例, 对本发明的基本实现步骤进行说明, 如图 5所示: 步骤 501 , 确定单基站覆盖范围内通信业务需求量;
步骤 502, 确定所需要的扇区数以及扇区范围;
其中, 根据业务需求量和基站所能利用的频段范围推断出所需要的扇区 数以及扇区范围, 其中每个扇区都能使用基站的全部频段。 比如通信业务需 求量的带宽为 100兆, 频段资源即每个扇区带宽 10兆, 则需要 10个扇区。 扇区范围为 360。 除以扇区数。 如果频段资源只有 5 兆, 即每个扇区带宽 5 兆, 则需要 20个扇区。
步骤 503 , 设置每组 BF天线组的主瓣与对应的扇区重合;
可根据预先计算的权值使得 BF 天线组辐射方向的主瓣与对应的扇区重 合, 其中, 权值的计算方法为现有技术, 此处不再详述。
步骤 504, 对基站及 BF天线组进行编号, 例如基站编号为 N, 它的天线 组为 Nl , N2…… Ni;
步骤 505 , 终端在网时, 反馈给基站收到哪些天线组的信号, 基站根据 其反馈做相应处理, 处理过程参见图 6;
步骤 506 , 当基站的某个扇区处于繁忙状态时, 基站进行相应处理, 参 见图 9。
如图 6所示, 假设有两个相邻基站 N, M, BF天线组按步骤 504编号, 上述步骤 505的细化步骤如下:
步骤 601, 基站 N根据终端的反馈判断终端是否只收到基站 N的信号, 若是, 则执行下一步, 否则, 执行步骤 608;
步骤 602, 判断终端是否只收到一组 BF天线组的信号, 若是, 则执行步 骤 604, 否则, 执行下一步;
步骤 603 , 终端同时接收到 2组或多组 BF天线组的信号, 则由 2组天线 组釆用 MIMO方式与终端进行通信, 执行步骤 605;
步骤 604, 由终端接收到信号的 BF天线组(假设为 N1 )为终端处理业 务, 结束流程;
步骤 605 , 若终端同时接收到 2组 BF天线组的信号, H没为 N1和 N2 , 判断 N1和 N2的相关性, 若相关性小于或等于预设的相关性阔值 J ( 0<J<1 , 具体值由终端的处理能力来决定), 且终端可正常解调 N1和 N2的信号, 则 执行步骤 607; 若相关性大于预设的相关性阔值 J, 或者终端无法正常解调其 中 1组或全部 2组 BF天线组的信号(即信号弱) , 执行步骤 606, 另外, 若 终端同时接收到大于 2组 BF天线组的信号时, 则基站选择信号最强的 2组 BF天线组, 执行步骤 606;
步骤 606,基站 N釆用 MIMO的 STC方式与该终端进行通信,结束流程; 步骤 607 ,基站 N釆用 MIMO的 SM方式与该终端进行通信,结束流程; 步骤 608,终端还接收到另外一个基站 M的 BF天线组 Ml的信号,则使 用这两个天线组 N1和 Ml , 釆用分布式 MIMO的 STC方式与该终端进行通 信, 结束流程。
其中, 2组 BF天线组属于不同基站时作分布式 MIMO, 属于相同基站作 集中式 MIMO。 例如当终端检测到 N1和 N2的信号(实际中扇区间的重叠不 可避免 ) , 如图 7, 那么相关性低时 N1和 N2天线组对此终端作 MIMO的 SM处理, 相关性高时作 MIMO的 STC处理。 当终端处于两个基站之间, 如 图 8, 同时收到 N1和 M2的信号, 那么 N1和 M2对此终端作分布式 MIMO 的 STC处理, 把干扰变成信号增益。
如图 9所示, 上述步骤 506的细化步骤如下:
步骤 901 , 基站扫描其所有扇区, 将他们分为繁忙状态 (拥塞) 的扇区 和空闲状态的扇区;
当然, 还可以有既不处于繁忙状态, 也不处于空闲状态的扇区; 步骤 902, 当有扇区处于繁忙状态时, 基站动态选择处于一空闲状态的 扇区,设置该空闲状态的扇区对应的 BF天线组的辐射信号方向与处于繁忙状 态的扇区对应的 BF 天线组的辐射信号方向相同, 即空闲状态的扇区对应的 BF天线组釆用繁忙扇区对应的 BF天线组的权值, 釆用 MIMO的 SM方式将 这两个扇区进行复用, 从而与该繁忙扇区覆盖范围内的终端进行通信。
例如 N1区域业务较多, 发生拥塞, 寻找 N1扇区所在基站的其他扇区, 如果其他扇区处于较空闲状态,可以动态使这些满足条件的 BF天线组在不同 时间分别与 N1扇区的 BF天线组, 对 N1扇区作 MIMO的 SM处理, 以提高 N1扇区的频谱利用率, 减轻 N1扇区的拥塞程度。 如图 10, 当 A区域发生拥 塞, 而 B区域较为空闲时, 可以让打向 B区域的 BF天线组在空闲时间将信 号打向 A区域, 使得 A区域的终端作 MIMO的 SM处理。
相应地,本发明实施例的基于 BF的通信系统, 包括一个或多个基站以及 一个或多个终端,
所述基站包含多个扇区,每个扇区对应一组 BF天线组,所述基站用于设 置每组 BF天线组的主瓣与对应的扇区重合, 通过 BF天线组, 与其每个扇区 覆盖范围内的终端进行通信;
处于基站扇区覆盖范围内的终端用于与所述基站通信, 以及, 进一步用 于向基站反馈接收到信号的 BF天线组的信息;
所述基站进一步用于当根据终端的反馈获知所述终端同时接收到大于等 于 2组 BF天线组的信号时, 釆用 MIMO的方式与所述终端进行通信。
综上所述, 因为 BF技术可以使得主瓣具有指向性,主瓣区域大小可以通 过天线组中的天线加不同权值加以控制,并且可以抑制除主瓣区域外的信号, 所以可以把一个主瓣看成是一个扇区, 通过增加天线组, 来增加基站的扇区 数, 因为每个扇区都是通过 BF来形成,所以理论上每个扇区不存在相互干扰 的问题, 即每个扇区大部分区域都可以使用此基站的所有频段。 在实际组网 中, 重叠部分不可避免, 那么这个重叠如果由同一个基站的不同主瓣引起的, 当信号相关性低时, 可以在重叠区域釆用 MIMO的 SM技术来增加频谱利用 率,如果是由不同基站的主瓣引起的,可以在重叠区域釆用 MIMO的 STC技 术来增加边缘终端的信号强度。 而当某个扇区业务繁忙时, 可以把同一基站 的不繁忙扇区, 在空闲时把信号打向繁忙扇区, 在繁忙扇区作 MIMO的 SM 技术, 以提高繁忙扇区的频谱利用率, 减少繁忙扇区的拥塞程度, 充分利用 空闲扇区的资源。
尽管本发明结合特定实施例进行了描述, 但是对于本领域的技术人员来 说, 可以在不背离本发明的精神或范围的情况下进行修改和变化。 这样的修 改和变化被视作在本发明的范围和附加的权利要求书范围之内。
工业实用性
本发明提供一种基于 BF的通信方法和系统,利用 BF技术和 MIMO技术 的特性来进行组网,可以通过增加 BF天线组来提高频谱利用率, 能够在解决 频带资源不足情况下, 繁忙区域的组网, 以及临区干扰问题。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种基于波束赋形的通信方法, 包括:
设置基站包含多个扇区, 每个扇区对应一组波束赋形 (BF )天线组; 设 置每组 BF天线组的主瓣与对应的扇区重合; 所述基站通过 BF天线组, 与每 个扇区覆盖范围内的终端进行通信。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的通信方法, 其中:
所述基站通过 BF天线组,与每个扇区覆盖范围内的终端进行通信的步骤 中,
若基站接收到终端的反馈, 获知所述终端同时接收到大于等于 2组 BF 天线组的信号, 则所述基站釆用多输入多输出 (MIMO ) 的方式与所述终端 进行通信。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的通信方法, 其中:
若基站接收到终端的反馈,获知所述终端同时接收到 2组 BF天线组的信 号, 若所述 2组 BF天线组归属同一个基站, 且所述 2组 BF天线组的信号相 关性小于或等于预设的相关性阔值且所述终端可正常解调所述 2组 BF天线组 的信号时, 则所述基站釆用 MIMO 的空间复用 (SM )方式与所述终端进行 通信。
4、 如权利要求 2所述的通信方法, 其中:
若基站接收到终端的反馈,获知所述终端同时接收到 2组 BF天线组的信 号, 若所述 2组 BF天线组归属同一个基站, 且所述 2组 BF天线组的信号相
BF天线组的信号时, 所述基站釆用 MIMO的空时编码 ( STC )方式与所述终 端进行通信。
5、 如权利要求 2所述的通信方法, 其中:
若基站接收到终端的反馈,获知所述终端同时接收到 2组 BF天线组的信 号, 若所述 2组 BF天线组归属于 2个不同基站, 所述 2个基站釆用分布式 MIMO的 STC方式与所述终端进行通信。
6、 如权利要求 2所述的通信方法, 其中:
若基站接收到终端的反馈,获知所述终端同时接收到大于 2组 BF天线组 的信号, 则所述基站选择信号最强的 2组 BF天线组, 釆用 MIMO的 STC方 式与所述终端进行通信。
7、 如权利要求 1所述的通信方法, 其中:
所述基站通过 BF天线组,与每个扇区覆盖范围内的终端进行通信的步骤 中,
当基站的一个或多个扇区处于繁忙状态时, 所述基站动态选择处于空闲 状态的扇区,设置所述空闲状态的扇区对应的 BF天线组的辐射信号方向与处 于繁忙状态的扇区对应的 BF天线组的辐射信号方向相同,釆用 MIMO的 SM 方式将所述辐射信号方向相同的繁忙状态的扇区和空闲状态的扇区进行复 用。
8、 如权利要求 1 ~ 7中任意一项所述的通信方法, 其中:
所述基站的每个扇区使用的频段范围为所述基站的全部频段。
9、一种基于 BF的通信系统, 包括一个或多个基站以及一个或多个终端, 所述基站包含多个扇区,每个扇区对应一组 BF天线组,所述基站用于设 置每组 BF天线组的主瓣与对应的扇区重合, 通过 BF天线组, 与其每个扇区 覆盖范围内的终端进行通信;
处于基站扇区覆盖范围内的终端用于与所述基站通信。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的通信系统, 其中:
所述终端进一步用于向基站反馈接收到信号的 BF天线组的信息; 所述基站进一步用于当根据终端的反馈获知所述终端同时接收到大于等 于 2组 BF天线组的信号时, 釆用 MIMO的方式与所述终端进行通信。
11、 如权利要求 10所述的通信系统, 其中: 所述基站进一步用于当根据终端的反馈获知所述终端同时接收到 2组 BF 天线组的信号时, 若所述 2组 BF天线组归属同一个基站, 且所述 2组 BF天 线组的信号相关性小于或等于预设的相关性阔值且所述终端可正常解调所述 2组 BF天线组的信号时, 则釆用 MIMO的 SM方式与所述终端进行通信。
12、 如权利要求 10所述的通信系统, 其中:
所述基站进一步用于当根据终端的反馈获知所述终端同时接收到 2组 BF 天线组的信号时, 若所述 2组 BF天线组归属同一个基站, 且所述 2组 BF天 组或全部 2组 BF天线组的信号时, 则釆用 MIMO的 STC方式与所述终端进 行通信。
13、 如权利要求 10所述的通信系统, 其中:
所述基站进一步用于当根据终端的反馈获知所述终端同时接收到 2组 BF 天线组的信号时,若所述 2组 BF天线组归属于 2个不同基站,则与另一个基
14、 如权利要求 10所述的通信系统, 其中:
所述基站进一步用于当根据终端的反馈获知所述终端同时接收到大于 2 组 BF天线组的信号时, 则选择信号最强的 2组 BF天线组, 釆用 MIMO的 STC方式与所述终端进行通信。
15、 如权利要求 9所述的通信系统, 其中:
所述基站进一步用于当其中一个或多个扇区处于繁忙状态时, 动态选择 处于空闲状态的扇区,设置所述空闲状态的扇区对应的 BF天线组的辐射信号 方向与处于繁忙状态的扇区对应的 BF 天线组的辐射信号方向相同, 釆用 MIMO的 SM方式将所述辐射信号方向相同的繁忙状态的扇区和空闲状态的 扇区进行复用。
PCT/CN2010/071017 2010-03-12 2010-03-12 一种基于波束赋形的通信方法和系统 WO2011109944A1 (zh)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1540800A (zh) * 2003-10-31 2004-10-27 陆仕海 梅花型覆盖的天线阵列
CN101316129A (zh) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-03 中国移动通信集团公司 开环模式下共用天线系统和方法
US20090227249A1 (en) * 2008-03-10 2009-09-10 Elektrobit Wireless Communications Oy Adaptive transmission method and a base station using the method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1540800A (zh) * 2003-10-31 2004-10-27 陆仕海 梅花型覆盖的天线阵列
CN101316129A (zh) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-03 中国移动通信集团公司 开环模式下共用天线系统和方法
US20090227249A1 (en) * 2008-03-10 2009-09-10 Elektrobit Wireless Communications Oy Adaptive transmission method and a base station using the method

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