WO2011108270A1 - Méthode et système de production d'esters de méthyle d'acides gras - Google Patents

Méthode et système de production d'esters de méthyle d'acides gras Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011108270A1
WO2011108270A1 PCT/JP2011/001236 JP2011001236W WO2011108270A1 WO 2011108270 A1 WO2011108270 A1 WO 2011108270A1 JP 2011001236 W JP2011001236 W JP 2011001236W WO 2011108270 A1 WO2011108270 A1 WO 2011108270A1
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fame
oil
production
vegetable
fatty acid
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PCT/JP2011/001236
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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鍋谷浩志
▲萩▼原昌司
芋生誠
小川浩司
多田羅昌浩
後藤雅史
Original Assignee
独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構
鹿島建設株式会社
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Priority to JP2012503019A priority Critical patent/JP5643921B2/ja
Publication of WO2011108270A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011108270A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
    • C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
    • C11C3/10—Ester interchange

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester; fatty acid methyl ester; the same shall apply hereinafter) production technology by a non-catalytic method, more specifically, a plant crude oil obtained by squeezing from an oil feedstock, and refining the plant crude oil
  • a non-catalytic method more specifically, a plant crude oil obtained by squeezing from an oil feedstock, and refining the plant crude oil
  • the fatty acid-containing by-product produced as a by-product when producing vegetable oils and fats is mixed at a predetermined ratio
  • the present invention relates to FAME production technology for producing FAME by a non-catalytic method.
  • Oils and fats are esters of fatty acids and glycerin, the main component of which is triglycerides. Vegetable oils and fats are used as edible oils and as raw materials for margarines, shortenings, detergents and the like. Therefore, the production of vegetable oils and fats is widely performed for food and industry.
  • Vegetable oils and fats are mainly manufactured through a squeezing process in which vegetable crude oil is obtained from oil raw materials by pressing and extraction, and a refining process in which the crude oil is purified to remove impurities.
  • a refining process in which the crude oil is purified to remove impurities.
  • operations such as degumming, deoxidation, decolorization, deodorization, and dewaxing are performed according to the product.
  • oil raw materials and vegetable crude oils contain a large amount of free fatty acids in addition to fat components (triglycerides).
  • fat components triglycerides
  • fatty acid-containing products are generated as by-products.
  • These fatty acid-containing by-products are used as raw materials for valuable materials such as wax and soap.
  • liquid fuels derived from fossil fuels such as gasoline and light oil are still used. Therefore, alternative liquid fuels for gasoline, light oil, etc. are being developed all over the world.
  • FAME is produced by transesterifying glycerin in fats and oils with alcohol using fats and oils derived from animals and plants as raw materials, and used as an alternative fuel for light oil.
  • FAME derived from animals and plants has about C 16 to C 22 carbon atoms, and has a low viscosity and a high cetane number as compared with fats and oils. That is, FAME has almost the same carbon number as light oil (C 12 -C 22 ), has almost the same viscosity and cetane number as light oil, and can be used as a light oil alternative fuel.
  • FAME has the following advantages over light oil. FAME can be produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, waste cooking oils, and the like. That is, it is a reproducible fuel and has a low possibility of future depletion like fossil fuel. Moreover, since FAME is what is called a carbon neutral fuel, it can reduce environmental load. When FAME is produced from waste cooking oil, it can be a useful recycling technique. In addition, since FAME contains oxygen atoms, when FAME is used as a fuel, generation of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, particulate matter, and the like can be made lower than in the case of light oil, and exhaust gas can be cleaned.
  • an alkali catalyst method, a solid catalyst method, an enzyme method, a supercritical method, a superheated alcohol vapor method, and the like are known.
  • the alkali catalyst method, the solid catalyst method, and the enzyme method are methods for producing FAME using a catalyst, and the supercritical method and the superheated alcohol vapor method are methods for producing FAME without a catalyst (noncatalytic method).
  • the alkali catalyst method is the most widely used method in which potassium hydroxide or the like is added to oil and fat and alcohol and heat-treated at 50 to 60 ° C. (see Patent Documents 1 to 4, etc.).
  • the solid catalyst method is a method using a solid catalyst that is insoluble in fats and oils (see Patent Document 5, etc.).
  • the enzyme method is a method for producing FAME by causing transesterification to proceed slowly under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure using an enzyme as a catalyst (see Patent Document 6, etc.).
  • the supercritical method is a method for producing FAME using alcohol that has become a supercritical state under a high temperature and high pressure condition of 239 ° C. or higher and 8.1 MPa or higher (see Patent Documents 7 to 9).
  • the superheated alcohol vapor method is a method of producing FAME by mixing raw oil and fat and superheated alcohol vapor under high temperature and normal pressure conditions (see Patent Document 10 and the like).
  • Patent Documents 11 to 13 describe biodiesel fuel production technology that performs processing according to the content of free fatty acids in raw oils and fats, and Patent Document 14 converts high free fatty acid materials into biodiesel and high-quality glycerin. Each process is described.
  • JP 2007-2111139 A JP 2008-231345 A JP 2008-24841 A JP 2008-1856 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-22898 JP 2006-288228 A JP 2007-106869 A JP 2008-106097 A JP 2006-188590 A JP 2006-28146 A JP 2005-30632 A JP 2009-120847 A JP 2009-161776 A JP 2008-111098 A
  • Vegetable oils and fats, FAME, and other valuable materials always fluctuate in market prices depending on the society, market conditions, supply and demand situation, etc. For this reason, each product has a risk of price fluctuation and it may be difficult to secure stable profits.
  • an object of the present invention is to construct a new FAME production scheme capable of reducing the risk of price fluctuation in the production of vegetable oils, FAMEs, valuables and the like.
  • the plant crude oil obtained by squeezing from the oil raw material is mixed with the fatty acid-containing byproduct produced as a by-product when the plant crude oil is refined to produce vegetable oil.
  • the FAME manufacturing method which manufactures FAME by a non-catalytic method, and the FAME manufacturing system in connection with it are provided.
  • the production amount of vegetable oils is set in advance in a vegetable oil production system that produces vegetable oils and fats by extracting and refining oil raw materials.
  • the mixing ratio of the vegetable crude oil obtained by extracting the oil raw material and the fatty acid-containing byproduct produced as a by-product when the vegetable crude oil is refined to produce the vegetable oil and fat It changes according to a production amount, FAME is manufactured by a non-catalytic method using this mixture.
  • the plant crude oil used for vegetable oil production is increased, the plant crude oil used for FAME production is reduced, and the fatty acid-containing secondary oil for plant crude oil is reduced. Increase the mixing ratio of organisms. Thereby, while being able to increase production of vegetable fats and oils, FAME can be manufactured stably.
  • the plant crude oil used for vegetable oil production is reduced, the plant crude oil used for FAME production is increased, and fatty acid-containing by-products relative to plant crude oil Reduce the mixing ratio.
  • FAME can be manufactured stably.
  • the present invention is a new FAME production scheme for producing FAME stably and at low cost by using production adjustment accompanying price fluctuations of vegetable oils and other valuable materials.
  • Plant crude oil refers to crude oil obtained by pressing and / or extracting oil raw materials.
  • “Fatty acid-containing by-product” refers to a by-product generated when refining vegetable crude oil in the production process of vegetable oils and fats, which contains fatty acid as a main component. Includes all free fatty acids.
  • the FAME manufacturing system according to the present invention is obtained by setting a production amount in advance, and being attached to a vegetable oil production system for producing vegetable oil by refining and extracting oil raw materials and extracting oil raw materials.
  • the mixing ratio of the vegetable crude oil and the fatty acid-containing byproduct produced as a by-product when the vegetable crude oil is refined to produce the vegetable oil is changed according to the set amount of the vegetable oil and fat, and the mixture is used.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration and an example of a manufacturing flow of a FAME manufacturing system according to the present invention.
  • 1 has a configuration including a vegetable oil production system A that produces vegetable oils and a FAME production part B that produces FAMEs by a non-catalytic method.
  • vegetable oils and fats are produced from the oil raw material through the extraction step A1 and the purification step A2.
  • oil raw material known materials can be used and are not particularly limited.
  • Applicable oil raw materials include, for example, soybean, palm (including all palms such as oil palm, coconut palm, etc.), rapeseed, sunflower, peanut, cottonseed, safflower (safflower), sesame, flax , Seeds such as almond, camellia, grape, kapok, abragi, niger, castor, fruits such as palm, olive, oak, avocado, hazelnut, walnut, rice bran, wheat, corn and other germs.
  • the extraction step A1 vegetable crude oil is obtained by squeezing / extracting the oil raw material.
  • the pressing method is a method in which pressure is applied to the oil raw material to physically press the oil.
  • the extraction method is a method of extracting oil from an oil raw material using a solvent such as hexane. Depending on the purpose and application, squeeze, extraction, or a combination of both to obtain vegetable crude from oil raw materials.
  • refining step A2 the plant crude oil is purified to remove impurities.
  • purification process what is necessary is just to select and use a well-known means according to a product etc., and it does not specifically limit.
  • operations such as degumming, deoxidation, decolorization, deodorization, and dewaxing are performed in the purification process.
  • the purification step A2 in addition to removing gums, pigments, odorous components and the like, many fatty acid-containing byproducts such as wax are generated.
  • FAME manufacturing section B manufactures FAME by a non-catalytic method.
  • FAME production by a non-catalytic method is adopted from the viewpoint of producing FAME using vegetable crude oil and fatty acid-containing by-products.
  • plant crude oil and fatty acid-containing by-products can be treated with an apparatus used in FAME production using ordinary raw material fats and oils.
  • FAME is produced by an alkali catalyst method or the like, there is a problem that the yield of FAME decreases due to a saponification reaction of free fatty acid. Such a problem does not occur.
  • either the supercritical method or the superheated alcohol vapor method can be adopted, and it is not particularly limited.
  • the method can be performed under normal pressure conditions, and the cost of the apparatus can be reduced and the safety can be improved. Therefore, the superheated alcohol vapor method is most suitable.
  • FAME is produced by mixing a mixture of vegetable crude oil and fatty acid-containing by-product with superheated alcohol vapor, the FAME production rate is increased as compared with the case of producing FAME using vegetable crude oil alone as a raw material. be able to.
  • the above-mentioned plant crude oil and fatty acid-containing by-product are mixed in the raw material for FAME production, and adjusted so that the content of free fatty acid is within a predetermined range.
  • the fat-and-fat containing material used for FAME manufacture is not limited narrowly only to what mixed only vegetable crude oil and the fatty acid containing byproduct.
  • the present invention also includes a case where raw material fats and other components generally used for FAME production are contained in the raw material for FAME production.
  • free fatty acids collected from plant trunks and the like may be included.
  • raw oils and fats generally used in FAME production include soybean oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, jatropha oil, corn oil, safflower oil (safflower oil), sesame oil, olive oil, linseed oil (Linseed oil), coconut oil, oak oil, almond oil, avocado oil, hazelnut oil, camellia oil, kapok oil, niger oil, castor oil, warnut oil, grape seed oil, kiri oil, rice oil, wheat oil, etc.
  • Vegetable oil beef tallow, lard, horse oil, tallow, mink oil, sheep oil, chicken oil, butter, coconut oil, egg oil, sardine oil, mackerel oil, shark oil, whale oil, liver oil and other animal oils, home and restaurant Waste cooking oil used for cooking, etc.
  • the FAME production part B in FIG. 1 is (1) a mixing means 1 for mixing the vegetable crude oil obtained in the extraction step A1 and the fatty acid-containing by-product generated in the refining step A2 at a predetermined ratio.
  • Oil storage tank 2 for storing vegetable crude oil and fatty acid-containing by-products mixed at a ratio
  • oil / fat heating tank 3 for heating those oil-containing products
  • alcohol tank 4 for storing alcohol
  • An evaporating tank 5 an alcohol vapor superheated tank 6 that superheats the alcohol vapor
  • (4) a reaction tank 7 that mixes the heated oil and fat-containing material and the superheated alcohol
  • a separating means 8 that separates the reactant into each component.
  • the storage tank 9 which stores a product is provided.
  • FAME manufacturing part B of FIG. 1 the FAME manufacturing means by the superheated alcohol vapor method is described.
  • the mixing means 1 the plant crude oil obtained in the extraction step A1 and the fatty acid-containing by-product generated in the refining step A2 are mixed at a predetermined ratio and adjusted so that the content of free fatty acid is within a predetermined range.
  • the mixing means 1 is not particularly limited as long as the mixing ratio can be adjusted.
  • a known technique such as a mixing valve can be used.
  • the mixing ratio of vegetable crude oil and fatty acid-containing by-products is 0: 100 to 100: 0 in consideration of price fluctuations of valuable oils (eg, wax and soap) using vegetable oils and fats, FAME, and fatty acid-containing by-products. Set as appropriate within the range.
  • the plant crude oil used for vegetable oil production is reduced, the plant crude oil used for FAME production is increased, and fatty acid-containing by-products relative to plant crude oil Reduce the mixing ratio.
  • FAME can be manufactured stably.
  • a control unit (not shown) may be provided in the FAME manufacturing unit B to control each unit and to control the mixing unit 1 based on the value of the mixing ratio.
  • the acquisition of the mixing ratio and the control of the mixing means may be automated using a program and may be computer controlled.
  • each manufacturing profit is the product price minus the cost required for manufacturing / sales (initial investment, fluctuation, etc.).
  • the plant crude oil obtained in the extraction step A1 and the fatty acid-containing by-product generated in the refining step A2 are mixed at a predetermined ratio by the mixing means 1 and then introduced into the fat storage tank 2 of the FAME manufacturing unit B.
  • the vegetable crude oil obtained in the pressure extraction process A1 and the fatty acid-containing by-product generated in the refining process A2 are mixed at a predetermined ratio by the mixing means 1 and then charged.
  • impurities and moisture Prior to or after feeding the oil-and-fat containing material used as the raw material into the oil-and-fat storage tank 2, as a pretreatment, impurities and moisture may be removed using a filter or the like. Thereby, the improvement of reaction efficiency and the stable operation of an apparatus can be aimed at.
  • the fat and oil-containing material supplied from the fat and oil storage tank 2 is heated.
  • the oil-and-fat-containing material is heated at 200 to 300 ° C. in a normal pressure atmosphere and then sent to the reaction vessel 7.
  • Oils and fats are liquids under conditions of 200 to 300 ° C. under atmospheric pressure.
  • the alcohol tank 4 is a part for storing alcohol used for the transesterification reaction.
  • the alcohol charged into the alcohol tank 3 is supplied to the alcohol evaporation tank 5, where it is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point of the alcohol (in the case of methanol, about 65 ° C. or higher in a normal pressure atmosphere) and evaporated.
  • the alcohol vapor may be passed through a dehydration column or the like to remove moisture.
  • the alcohol vapor superheating tank 6 is a part that superheats alcohol vapor.
  • the alcohol vapor generated in the alcohol evaporation tank 5 is heated to 200 to 300 ° C. under an atmospheric pressure atmosphere, and the superheated alcohol vapor is supplied to the reaction tank 7.
  • the alcohol examples include aliphatic alcohols having 1 to 3 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol, or a mixture of two or more thereof. Methanol or ethanol is preferable, and methanol is most preferable.
  • the reaction tank 7 is a part for performing a transesterification reaction between fat and alcohol.
  • 200 to 300 ° C superheated alcohol vapor is blown into 200 to 300 ° C oil or fat stored in the reaction tank 7, so that the heat-treated raw oil and fat and superheated alcohol vapor are 200 to 300 ° C conditions. Mix under and allow transesterification to proceed.
  • FAME, fatty acid, methanol, glycerin, moisture and the like are generated in a gaseous state.
  • a liquid phase 71 is formed by storing heated oil and fat, and a gas phase 72 containing FAME, fatty acid, methanol, glycerin, moisture and the like is formed thereon.
  • the inventors of the present invention have increased the FAME production rate by raising the temperature of the gas phase 72 in the reaction vessel 7 to the vicinity of the temperature of the liquid phase 71 in FAME production by the superheated alcohol vapor method by original study. I found out that I could do it.
  • this FAME production part B may be configured to include a gas temperature adjusting means 73 in the reaction tank for adjusting the temperature of the gas phase 72 in the reaction tank 7 of the mixture and the superheated alcohol vapor.
  • the in-reaction gas phase temperature adjusting means 73 may be any device that can appropriately raise the temperature of the gas phase 72 in the reaction vessel 7, and for example, a known device such as a heater can be used.
  • the temperature of the gas phase 72 can be appropriately set according to the purpose and application.
  • the same temperature 200 to 300 ° C.
  • Separation means 8 is a part that separates each component from the reaction product generated in a gaseous state in the reaction tank 7 and supplies it to the storage tank 9.
  • the separation means 8 can be constituted by, for example, a condenser 81 and a cyclone 82 for separating alcohol and other components, and a specific gravity separation tank 83 for separating glycerin and other components.
  • the condenser 81 and the cyclone 82 separate alcohol and other components from the reaction product generated in a gas state in the reaction tank 7.
  • the alcohol may be supplied to the alcohol vapor superheating tank 6 by the alcohol vapor circulation means 84 and reused.
  • a known pump or the like can be used for the alcohol vapor circulation means 84.
  • the specific gravity separation tank 83 FAME and the like and glycerin are separated by specific gravity separation, and the FAME is supplied to the FAME storage tank 91 and the glycerin is supplied to the glycerin storage tank 92, respectively. Thereby, the manufactured FAME can be separated and recovered.
  • a plant crude oil obtained by squeezing from an oil raw material is mixed with a fatty acid-containing byproduct produced as a by-product when the plant crude oil is refined to produce a vegetable oil.
  • a fatty acid-containing byproduct produced as a by-product when the plant crude oil is refined to produce a vegetable oil.
  • the plant crude oil used for vegetable oil production is increased, the plant crude oil used for FAME production is reduced, and the mixing ratio of fatty acid-containing by-products to the plant crude oil is increased. To do. Thereby, while being able to increase production of vegetable fats and oils, FAME can be manufactured stably.
  • the plant crude oil used for vegetable oil production is reduced, the plant crude oil used for FAME production is increased, and the mixing ratio of fatty acid-containing by-products to the plant crude oil is lowered.
  • FAME can be manufactured stably.
  • both the supercritical method and the superheated alcohol vapor method can be adopted and are not particularly limited.
  • FAME when FAME is produced by mixing a mixture of vegetable crude oil and fatty acid-containing by-products and superheated alcohol vapor, it can be carried out under normal pressure conditions, and it is possible to reduce the cost and improve the safety of the apparatus. From the point of view, it is more preferable than the case of adopting the supercritical method.
  • the FAME production speed is increased by adjusting the temperature of the gas phase in the reaction tank of the mixture and the superheated alcohol vapor, thereby increasing the production efficiency. It can be improved.
  • the plant crude oil can be widely used what is obtained by squeezing the above oil raw material, and is not particularly limited.
  • by-products generated by extracting and refining the above-mentioned oil raw materials can be widely used as fatty acid-containing by-products, and are not particularly limited.
  • raw material fats and other components generally used for FAME production may be contained in the raw material for FAME production.
  • FAME is produced using a mixture of palm crude oil obtained by squeezing from palm fruit or seed and a fatty acid-containing byproduct produced as a by-product when the palm crude oil is refined to produce palm oil.
  • Example 1 plant crude oil obtained by squeezing from an oil raw material and fatty acid-containing by-product produced as a by-product when the plant crude oil is refined to produce vegetable oil and fat are mixed at each ratio, and a non-catalyst FAME production was attempted by the method.
  • palm crude oil obtained when the palm was squeezed and fatty acid-containing by-products produced by refining palm crude oil to produce palm oil were used as FAME production materials.
  • Palm crude oil and fatty acid-containing by-products were mixed at each ratio and then heated and continuously supplied to a 120 L reaction tank.
  • the temperature of the mixture in the reaction vessel was adjusted and maintained at 265 ° C.
  • a superheated methanol vapor at 265 ° C. was continuously blown into the reaction vessel at a rate of 100 m 3 / hour to produce FAME.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the FAME production rate when palm crude oil and fatty acid-containing by-products are mixed at various ratios.
  • the horizontal axis represents the ratio (%) of fatty acid-containing by-products in the mixture, and the vertical axis represents the FAME production rate (L / day).
  • FAME could be stably produced even when fatty acid-containing by-products produced as a by-product when palm crude oil was refined to produce palm oil were mixed with palm crude oil.
  • the FAME production rate could be increased by increasing the mixing ratio of the fatty acid-containing by-product.
  • Example 2 the FAME production rate was measured when the temperature of the gas phase in the FAME reaction vessel was adjusted.
  • Example 1 a mixture of palm crude oil and fatty acid-containing by-products was heated and continuously fed to a 120 L reactor.
  • the temperature of the mixture (temperature of the liquid phase) in the reaction vessel was adjusted and maintained at 265 ° C.
  • a superheated methanol vapor at 265 ° C. was continuously blown into the reaction vessel at a rate of 100 m 3 / hour to produce FAME.
  • the temperature of the liquid phase in the reaction vessel, the temperature of the gas phase, and the FAME production rate were measured every hour.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the FAME production rate over time.
  • the horizontal axis represents the elapsed time (hour) from the start of supplying the mixture of palm crude oil and fatty acid-containing by-products to the reaction tank, and the vertical axis represents the FAME production rate (L / day).
  • the FAME production rate was stabilized at about 1,100 L / day in 6 to 10 hours after the mixture of the crude palm oil and the fatty acid-containing by-product started to be supplied to the reaction vessel.
  • the temperature of the liquid phase in the reaction vessel was about 265 ° C.
  • the temperature of the gas phase was 195 ° C.
  • the FAME concentration in the product was 97% or more.
  • the raw materials necessary for the production of vegetable oils and fats, FAME, and other valuable materials can be optimally distributed according to social, market conditions, supply and demand conditions, etc. It can be reduced and management stability in FAME manufacturing can be achieved. Therefore, the present invention is a useful means for stably securing the profit of each product, and is useful for industrial use and industrial development.
  • Example 1 Schematic which shows the structure of FAME manufacturing system which concerns on this invention, and a manufacturing flow example.
  • Example 2 the graph which shows the FAME manufacturing speed at the time of mixing palm crude oil and a fatty-acid containing byproduct in each ratio.
  • Example 2 the graph which shows the FAME manufacturing speed for every time progress.

Abstract

Pour développer un nouveau schéma de production d'EMAG permettant de réduire les risques de volatilité des prix dans la production de graisses et d'huiles végétales, d'EMAG, de ressources précieuses, etc., la présente invention concerne une méthode de production d'EMAG et un système de production d'EMAG où une huile végétale obtenue à partir d'huile brute dans une étape d'extraction sous pression (A1) et des acides gras contenant des sous-produits obtenus dans une étape de raffinage (A2) sous forme d'un sous-produit de ladite huile végétale sont mélangés (symbole 1) dans un système de production de graisse et d'huile végétale (A), et les EMAG sont produits dans une cuve réactionnelle selon une méthode sans catalyseur dans une section de production des EMAG (B). Si on cherche à augmenter le niveau de production des graisses et des huiles végétales sur la base d'un équilibre entre offre et demande et volatilité des prix, par exemple, la quantité d'huile végétale à fournir pour la production de graisse et d'huile végétale est augmentée, la quantité d'huile végétale à fournir pour la production d'EMAG est réduite, et le pourcentage d'acides gras contenant des sous-produits est augmenté par rapport à l'huile végétale. La production de graisses et d'huiles végétales peut être ainsi augmentée, permettant la production stable d'EMAG et la réduction des risques de volatilité des prix dans la production de graisses et d'huiles végétales, d'EMAG, etc.
PCT/JP2011/001236 2010-03-03 2011-03-02 Méthode et système de production d'esters de méthyle d'acides gras WO2011108270A1 (fr)

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US20150368587A1 (en) * 2013-01-29 2015-12-24 Universidad Nacional De Colombia Reaction system for producing fatty alkyl esters using a liquid-film reactor operated countercurrentwise

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US9765283B2 (en) * 2013-01-29 2017-09-19 Universidad Nacional De Colombia Reaction system for producing fatty alkyl esters using a liquid-film reactor operated countercurrentwise

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