WO2011102748A1

WO2011102748A1 - Method and apparatus for producing steel, and the continuous casting of steel

Info

Publication number: WO2011102748A1
Application number: PCT/RU2010/000076
Authority: WO
Inventors: Владимир Евгеньевич КОБЗАРЬ-ДЕРНОВСКИЙ
Original assignee: Kobzar-Dernovskiy Vladimir Evgenjevich
Priority date: 2010-02-19
Filing date: 2010-02-19
Publication date: 2011-08-25
Also published as: CN102686335B; CN102686335A

Abstract

The claimed inventions relate to metallurgy and involve the production of steel from cast iron. The apparatus comprises a ladle (1) in which liquid cast iron (2) is blasted with oxygen via bottom tuyeres (4) and a "gas dome" device (6) until steel of the required chemical composition is produced. The steel is cast via a "gas pipe" device (11) having a pouring nozzle into an intermediate ladle (9) with the steel simultaneously being refined with gas. The steel is recast into the crystallizer of a machine for the continuous casting of blanks (14), with simultaneous and continuous degassing. The steel can be produced without using electric furnaces or converters.

Description

Method and device for the production of steel and its

continuous casting

The following basic schemes are known from the known basic technological processes for the production of steel and its casting: a) Large metallurgical plants: 1. - blast furnace - converter - continuous casting machine; 2. - shaft furnace - electric furnace - caster; b) Mini-factories: 3. - electric furnace - top-level technology ladle metallurgy - continuous casting machine.

The disadvantages of the known technological processes for the production and casting of steel according to the scheme JY2 1, 2, unlike the scheme JV »3, are as follows:

1 The high cost of fixed assets of capital costs in schemes 1,2 and a rather long period from the start of construction to the commissioning of its capacity;

2. A large need for labor for the production and casting of steel;

4. The insufficient production capacity of equipment for the smelting and casting of steel and its low utilization rate, approximately 80%;

5. High energy intensity of casting processes;

b. The high cost of casting is a blast furnace - a converter - a continuous casting machine or a shaft furnace - electric furnace - a continuous casting machine.

The disadvantages of the well-known mini-factories are the strict dependence on the raw material market, primarily on scrap metal and the mandatory use of the unit - an electric furnace (see SU “Steel at the Turn of the Century”, Yu.S. Karabasov et al., M.

MISiS, 2001, p. 81,221).

One of the biggest drawbacks in all three schemes is the use of a stopper or gate when casting steel from a ladle, namely.

STOP FILLING:

1. A fairly quick mechanical breakdown of the stopper; 2. Wear of the stopper in the area of the slag belt and wear of the stopper head;

3. Damage to the stopper in the area of its attachment with the stopper bar;

4. Warping of the fork connecting the rod and the locking mechanism.

SLATE FILLING:

1. The complexity of the design of the slide gate and its high cost;

2. A complicated start-up scheme due to backfill of the slide gate channel;

3. Significant lengthening of the steel outlet of the bucket to the mold (mold) and contributes to overgrowing of the channel by non-metallic and slag inclusions, violation of the casting regime and an increase in the number of defects;

4. Air leakage between the plates of the slide gate and reduces the quality of the metal (steel).

A common drawback, both at the stopper and at the gate, is the need to use mechanisms that experience high temperature during casting of steel. In addition, due to the lack of refining of steel, there is no improvement in its quality, but, on the contrary, there is a decrease in the quality of steel, up to getting defective and stopping the CCM.

(see SU "Theory and Practice of Continuous Casting of Billets", A. Smirnov et al., Donetsk, 2000, pp. 71.151).

The closest in technical essence to the invention is a device - a ladle with sleeves for pouring liquid metal, without stopper and gate, based on the gas pressure in the sleeves. The bucket in the bottom has bottom upholes, around which a hermetically gas-tight sleeve is attached, coaxially to the hole. (US Patent JVs 4,498,661, CL B22D 39/00 02/12/1985). The disadvantages of this device are the lack of refining, evacuation of liquid metal and pouring it, depending on the height of the column of liquid metal in the form (mold). The objective of this application is to create a method for the production of steel in ladles without a converter, without an electric furnace and without dependence on scrap metal, as well as continuous casting of steel from ladles, but without stoppers, without gates and without the use of mechanisms. The working body will be gas. To do this, it is necessary to propose a new method and device for a unique steel production process on a “steel combine” or “steel combine” before receiving steel casting at a continuous casting machine and can improve the quality of steel, increase productivity and significantly reduce the cost of steel casting. This will be a revolution in metallurgy! As a result, the steel-combine method and device will allow ^; ensure the implementation of the principle of the three “E” (Energy + Economy + Ecology).

The technical problem in the production of steel in the ladle without the use of a stopper, gate and without electric furnaces, converters formed the basis of the Kobzar-Dernovsky method, or the KomKob process and the steelcomine ComKob created for this device. To achieve the specified technical result in the cast iron - steel casting process, one unique KomKob steel combine combine is performed without the use of mechanisms (Fig. 1). The main working body is gas. The SteelKombine ComKob unit consists of a casting ladle for cast iron, or a cast iron ladle, an intermediate ladle for steel or a steel ladle, and a caster mold (mold). The method uses the supply of molten iron, (for example. Production by the Romelt process, MISiS) in the cast iron casting. You can consider this unit "steel combine ComCob", together with the Romelt process, as a mini-plant. Liquid iron is refined in cast iron by using gas tuyeres and the universal gas unit “gas unit”. "Gas unit" performs the functions of a stopper, batcher, lance in the buckets and consists of two devices "Gas hood" and "gas hose" and in them with the help of valves regulate the gas pressure (see FIPS application dated 12/18/2009, Fig. 2,3).

The gas cap device also performs the functions of constipation, dispenser and tuyere. A gas cap is fixed over the pouring glass in the bottom of the cast iron ladle and through it, together with other tuyeres installed in the casing of the cast iron ladle, liquid cast iron is refined by blowing it with oxygen until steel is obtained from it. Then, the gas pressure in the gas cap cavity is reduced and, releasing the pouring glass from the shut-off refractory ball, and steel is poured into the intermediate steel ladle through the gas hose device.

In the intermediate steel ladle, liquid steel is additionally refined by blowing it with gas through the lower gas-permeable part of the gas hose device and through its bottom pouring glasses, which enter hermetically into the gas hose devices. Gas hoses, the upper part of which is mounted on molds (molds), and the lower part is immersed in molten steel and continue to refine it in molds (molds). Having received the steel that is necessary in chemical composition, they turn on the refrigerators and turn on the work of the continuous casting machine rollers, changing the gas environment in the “gas hose” from positive to negative values of the gas pressure and begin multi-jet vacuum of the steel during its casting into molds (crystallizers) on the continuous casting machine. (Figure 2.3).

The process control, starting from the supply of molten iron to the exit of high-quality steel casting from the continuous casting machine rolls, is carried out using the remote control at the command post (Fig. 1). The technical result from the use of the “ComCob” process allows to produce “ComCob steel-combine” in ladles, from liquid cast iron to steel casting at continuous casting machines, without a converter, without] an electric furnace, without a stopper, without a gate and without mechanisms. The working body will be gas. As a result, the “KomKob” method and the “steel-combine-ComKob” device make it possible to implement the principle of three “E” (Energy + Economy + Ecology)! This is a revolution in metallurgy!

The solution of the indicated technical problem of the KomKob method, the production of steel and its casting from the ladle, without stopper and without gate, formed the basis for creating the ComKob steel combine device

The device "steel combine KomKob" consists of containers: casting iron ladle, intermediate steel ladle and molds (molds), and they are installed together with a continuous casting machine (Fig. 1). The working body of the device is gas and its pressure is regulated by valves. Tanks for liquid metal in the ComKob steel combine are interconnected by gas cap and gas hose devices, which make up the gas unit (see FIPS application dated January 18, 2010, Fig. 2,3).

The cast iron casting ladle has a bottom casting glass, and above it there is a fixed gas cap device with several openings at its base. In the upper part of the “gas hood” there is a pipe through which its cavity is connected by means of a valve with a source of compressed gas (oxygen, argon, etc.) or with the atmosphere. Above the filling hole, in the cavity of the gas cap, there is a locking element in the form of a free refractory ball. The lower part of the pouring cup is included in the “gas hose” device installed on the intermediate steel ladle and is connected to a source of compressed gas and a vacuum pump. The lower part of the "gas hose" may be gas permeable.

The intermediate steel ladle has bottom bottoms. At the inlet and outlet of the pouring glasses, inserts with many holes are installed, which are connected to gas hoses, which are mounted on molds (molds), and communicated through valves with a compressed gas system and vacuum pump (Fig. 2). The casting sleeves are buried in liquid steel in the upper part of the molds (molds), while the upper part has heaters, and the lower part has refrigerators associated with casting and caster rolls. The complex "steel mill ComKob" and the production of cast iron (for example, the Roelt process) together with the continuous casting machine are controlled at the command post using the remote control (Fig. 1).

The application for the invention is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically shows a longitudinal section of the device "steel combine ComCob"

The ComKob steelmineer device consists of a cast iron casting ladle 1 with a fastener having two openings, one for liquid cast iron 2 and the other for flue gases 3. In the case of cast iron casting ladle 1 there are lances for gases 4 and a bottom casting cup 5, over which a bottom is fixed device "gas hood" 6 with holes 6 'in its base. In the cavity of the "gas hood" is a shut-off refractory ball 7, and in the upper part is the entrance to the pipe 8 with valve 8 '. Under the cast-iron casting ladle 1, there is an intermediate steel ladle 9 with bottom casting jugs 10, and on the neck of the steel ladle 9 a gas hose 11 with a valve 12 is installed. As a result, these two gas hood 6 and gas hose 11 form a universal gas unit »13 with inserts with many holes, (see FIPS application of January 18, 2010). An intermediate steel ladle 9 with bottom casting glasses 10 is mounted above the molds (molds) 14. On the molds (molds) 14 there are gas hoses 15 with valves 16. In the upper part of the molds (molds) 14 there are heaters 17, and in the lower part there are refrigerators 18 with casting output to the rolls 19. The control of the KomKob steel combine takes place through the console 20. The KomKob method and the principle of operation of the ComKob steelmine device.

In the capacity of the cast iron ladle 1 through the hole 2 of the ComKob steel combine (Fig. 1) liquid iron flows (for example, using the Roment process) flowing into the cavity of the gas cap device 6 when the bottom casting nozzle 5 is closed with a fireproof ball 7. In the device cavity gas hood ”is the air. The gas hood device is immersed outside in molten iron. With an increase in the level of metal in the capacity of cast iron 1, the metallostatic pressure on the locking ball 7 increases, and the air pressure in the cavity of the hood 6 increases. Also, the heating of the air from the heat of the liquid metal contributes to the increase in pressure. An increase in gas temperature for every 273 degrees increases the increase in gas pressure in the cavity of the cap 6 by about 1 atm. The temperature of the located air in the cap 6 is approximately 1500-1600 degrees and is affected by a pressure of more than 5 atm on the shut-off refractory element - the ball. Together with the metallostatic pressure, the gas pressure presses the shut-off ball 7, reliably closing the pouring cup 5. Open the valve with compressed oxygen and refine the molten iron by sparging through the openings 6 'of the gas cap 6 and, at the same time, refine it with gas using tuyeres 4 by blowing it through a column of molten iron with a height of N. The gas pressure P in the cavity of the gas cap 6 and tuyeres 4 should be greater than the combined metal-static and atmospheric pressure, and is determined by the formula P Ratm. + qH, where q is the density of the liquid meta alla, N - the height of the liquid metal in the cast iron 1.

Having received the desired pressure in the cavity of the gas hood 6 and tuyeres 4, in accordance with the specified formula, the refining of molten iron occurs and with a decrease in carbon, steel is obtained. Then open the valve 8 'and through the pipe 8 reduce the pressure in the cavity of the "gas hood" 6 to the level of atmospheric pressure. Liquid metal rushes under the influence of metallostatic pressure through the openings 6 'into the cavity of the "gas hood" 6, the magnitude of the Archimedean force pushing the floating locking ball 7 increases simultaneously, while the upward pressure of the metal flow acts on the ball 7. Under the influence of these forces, the locking ball 7 pops up, opening the pouring cup 5, and then steel is cast from the cast iron ladle 1 into the intermediate steel ladle 9. In the gas hose device 11, the compressed oxygen valve 12 is opened and used as a stopper, dispenser, lance for refining and improving the quality of steel by blowing it through the lower gas-tight part of the "gas hose" (Fig. 2).

To adjust the speed of pouring liquid steel from the intermediate steel ladle 9 into molds (molds) 14, the gas pressure in the “gas hose” cavity 15 is changed using valve 16. In order to increase the speed of casting steel, the gas pressure is reduced, and to reduce the casting of steel, the gas pressure is increased. The lower part of the "gas hose" 15 is immersed in liquid steel in the mold cavity (molds) 14 and the metal temperature is maintained by the heaters 17 of the mold 14. After receiving the desired chemical composition of the steel, the coolers 18 are turned on and the work of the caster rolls 19 is connected, at the same time, the gas medium is changed to " gas hoses ”from positive to negative values the gas pressure and begin multi-jet evacuation of steel during its casting into molds (crystallizers) 14 on the continuous casting machine. As a result of these processes, high-quality steel is obtained, but at the same time they reduce the cost of steel casting and increase labor productivity. The production process at the ComKob steel mill from molten iron to steel casting is controlled on the command console using the remote control 20.

As a result, the KomKob method and the ComKob steelmine device allow for the implementation of the principle of three “E” (Energy + Economy + Ecology). This is a revolution in metallurgy!

Claims

Formula

1. The "Ko Kob" method, including the production of steel in ladle metallurgy during its continuous casting from an intermediate steel ladle, into a mold (mold) without stopper and gate, characterized in that the molten iron is refined with gas in the cast iron through bottom tuyeres and through the device " gas cap ”mounted on the bottom of the pouring nozzle and purged with gas until liquid steel is obtained, then reducing the pressure, the bottom of the nozzle in the cavity of the“ gas hood ”is freed from the shut-off refractory ball and the steel is poured through an oil cup included in the “gas hose”, which is included in the intermediate steel ladle, and additionally refined with liquid gas in the steel tank in the steel ladle tank through the gas-permeable part of the gas hose and through bottom bottling glasses entering the gas hose devices, the upper part of which is mounted on the molds (molds), and the bottom part is immersed in liquid steel, and the steel is refined in molds (molds) and the temperature of the metal is maintained by heaters, the desired chemical composition of the steel is obtained, then refrigerators are turned on ki in the lower part of the molds (molds) and connect the work of the caster rolls, while changing the gas environment in the “gas hoses” from positive to negative values of gas pressure, then they begin multi-jet evacuation during casting steel into molds (molds), and the process control “ KomKob "from molten iron to steel casting is carried out on the command console using the remote control.

2. The SteelKombine ComKob device is designed for steel production in ladle metallurgy and for continuous casting of steel from a ladle without stoppers and gates, and consisting of an intermediate steel ladle with bottom pouring glasses, which are included in gas-tight hoses that are installed in the cavity molds (molds) of the continuous casting machine and, characterized in that a casting iron with bottom gas tuyeres and a bottom pouring glass is installed above the intermediate steel ladle, and a gas cap device is fixed to the bottom, having several holes in the base and in the upper part in the cavity is a pipe that communicates through a valve with a source of compressed gas (oxygen, argon, etc.), and above the pouring hole there is a free shut-off ball, while the lower part of the pouring glass enters a gas-tight device to the gas hose, which communicates through a valve with compressed gas and a vacuum pump, and the gas hood and gas hose devices make up the universal gas node, which performs the functions of lock, dispenser and tuyere in the buckets, while the gas hose device is installed on intermediate steel ladle with bottom pouring glasses that enter the openings of gas-tight gas hoses and also communicating through valves with vacuum pumps and compressed gas, but the lower part of the gas hoses is buried in liquid steel in the crystal CCM jams, and in the upper part there are heaters, in the lower part there are refrigerators connected through casting with rolls, the ComKob steel combine is controlled at the command post using the remote control.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inserts with many holes are installed above and below the pouring glass.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas sleeve device is made of a gas-tight material in its upper part, and the lower part is made of a gas-permeable material, or with many holes.